2141:
2181:
2258:
446:
4130:
2127:
394:
665:
36:
371:
1523:, the distinction probably being in the amount of air blown out (Cohen 1963: 13–14). In geminated and word-final positions both phonemes are voiceless, for some speakers /θ/ apparently in all positions. The uvular fricative
595:
that were originally spoken in this region. Although clearly a western dialect, Hassānīya is relatively distant from other
Maghrebi variants of Arabic. Its geographical location exposed it to influence from
2477:
1570:
may be realised in many different ways, the most usual variants being and , respectively. Still, realisations like and as well as and are possible, although less common.
5324:
4799:
2272:"JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA REPUBLIQUE DU MALI SECRETARIAT GENERAL DU GOUVERNEMENT - DECRET N°2023-0401/PT-RM DU 22 JUILLET 2023 PORTANT PROMULGATION DE LA CONSTITUTION"
4928:
4166:
4407:
6037:
2455:
Taine-Cheikh, Catherine. 2006. Ḥassāniya Arabic. In Kees
Versteegh (ed.), Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, 240–250. Leiden: E.~J.~Brill.
2535:
5317:
2586:
5434:
5406:
4792:
6032:
2202:
1492:
1471:
6047:
5392:
4921:
4159:
3129:
5723:
5310:
2413:
2224:
712:
686:
119:
53:
6012:
5524:
5510:
4785:
1311:
1251:
2482:
819:'heavy (materially)'. Some of the "classicizing" forms are easily explained as recent loans from the literary language (such as
4400:
3776:
1527:
is likewise realised voiceless in a geminated position, although not fricative but plosive: . In other positions, etymological
1279:
458:
100:
3303:
2569:
1661:). In some contexts, this initial vowel even gets lengthened, which clearly demonstrates its phonological status of a vowel:
1327:
690:
72:
57:
6027:
6017:
5997:
4914:
4152:
3751:
2528:
1392:
5384:
5122:
4986:
4280:
3068:
2619:
2374:
1348:
1297:
954:
in
Western Sahara). All in all, the number of consonant phonemes in Hassānīya is 31, or 43 counting the marginal cases.
771:
However, there is sometimes a double correspondence of a classical sound and its dialectal counterpart. Thus, classical
79:
6022:
6002:
5947:
5688:
5163:
5127:
4953:
4348:
1408:
1334:
2195:
2189:
675:
6007:
5468:
5215:
4393:
4343:
3712:
3191:
1485:
1320:
1288:
1119:
1105:
725:
The phonological system of Hassānīya exhibits both very innovative and very conservative features. All phonemes of
5819:
5695:
4525:
943:
694:
679:
86:
46:
5992:
5655:
5155:
5089:
3465:
3455:
3432:
1378:
1133:
272:
2206:
6042:
5769:
5612:
4133:
4041:
3523:
2521:
1147:
468:
584:
between the 15th and 17th centuries. Hassaniya Arabic was the language spoken in the pre-modern region around
68:
5544:
5074:
4808:
3590:
3288:
3231:
2634:
1401:
1364:
1190:
1179:
1172:
1140:
5455:
5796:
5572:
5565:
5551:
5496:
5369:
5262:
5132:
5022:
5017:
4822:
4761:
4695:
4687:
4364:
4189:
3396:
3356:
3281:
3276:
3040:
2576:
2257:
1702:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1654:
1646:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1204:
939:
931:
927:
923:
919:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
765:
761:
757:
753:
746:
742:
738:
734:
604:. There are several dialects of Hassaniya, which differ primarily phonetically. There are still traces of
498:
267:
4232:
5899:
5716:
5559:
5475:
5461:
5084:
4999:
4700:
4465:
4122:
3955:
3907:
3717:
3699:
3692:
3682:
3677:
3669:
3489:
3224:
3196:
3186:
2990:
2614:
1457:
1432:
1061:
1050:
1043:
750:
257:
823:'law') or from sedentary dialects in case of concepts pertaining to the sedentary way of life (such as
2303:
5759:
5754:
5630:
4937:
4756:
4751:
4607:
4175:
3858:
3618:
3538:
3018:
1211:
1077:
999:
2436:"Hassaniya Arabic (Mali) : Poetic and Ethnographic Texts", Heath, Jeffrey; Kaye, Alan S. / In:
5913:
5440:
5235:
4977:
4766:
4715:
3917:
3727:
3600:
3423:
2974:
2888:
2154:
1273:
1268:
1232:
1098:
730:
545:
277:
565:
5777:
4085:
3771:
3687:
3484:
3409:
2356:
1030:
1022:
1014:
979:
1605:'he wrote'. In the remaining closed syllables dialectal /a/ generally corresponds to classical
5955:
5927:
5905:
5852:
5804:
5749:
5488:
5146:
5009:
4945:
4895:
4882:
4490:
4485:
4460:
4416:
4323:
4315:
4300:
4295:
3832:
3585:
3505:
3445:
3208:
3115:
3100:
3011:
2673:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2409:
2348:
1478:
1439:
1385:
1371:
1356:
1304:
1219:
1197:
1126:
1069:
1004:
984:
605:
287:
262:
93:
5870:
5865:
5842:
5832:
5744:
5736:
5709:
5702:
5682:
5603:
5374:
5364:
5269:
5225:
5220:
5207:
5173:
5117:
5109:
5094:
5057:
4869:
4864:
4843:
4731:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4642:
4638:
4552:
4470:
4450:
4445:
4430:
4305:
4285:
4260:
4242:
4197:
3995:
3853:
3651:
3632:
3595:
3474:
3404:
3347:
3332:
3105:
3090:
3035:
2997:
2701:
2644:
2604:
2340:
2132:
1706:
1552:
1342:
1166:
994:
975:
970:
965:
951:
726:
592:
324:
862:
appears very stable, unlike in many other Arabic varieties. Somewhat similarly, classical
5965:
5940:
5860:
5837:
5782:
5674:
5667:
5640:
5625:
5620:
5579:
5530:
5516:
5419:
5412:
5398:
5276:
5248:
5189:
5099:
5079:
5066:
5043:
4890:
4875:
4838:
4705:
4658:
4653:
4534:
4506:
4480:
4475:
4369:
4290:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4255:
4250:
4222:
4214:
4192:
4036:
3965:
3902:
3896:
3765:
3640:
3580:
3440:
3384:
3369:
3364:
3337:
3327:
3271:
3244:
3219:
3154:
3148:
3134:
3120:
3077:
3059:
2659:
2649:
2629:
2564:
2472:
2164:
1418:
1037:
989:
947:
946:
of the south. At least some speakers make the distinction /p/–/b/ through borrowings from
935:
601:
597:
549:
489:
342:
282:
249:
229:
152:
1573:
As in most
Maghrebi Arabic dialects, etymological short vowels are generally dropped in
5919:
5827:
5537:
4848:
4628:
4374:
4227:
4116:
4046:
3980:
3885:
3659:
3548:
3543:
3528:
3513:
3479:
3264:
2639:
2581:
2271:
2159:
2070:
1714:
1701:. In Western Sahara it is common for code-switching to occur between Hassaniya Arabic,
1698:
1093:
648:
581:
346:
335:
319:
224:
209:
187:
2863:
2773:
2746:
1551:
Vowel phonemes come in two series: long and short. The long vowels are the same as in
436:
5986:
5960:
5809:
5645:
5502:
4633:
4592:
4557:
4440:
4435:
4078:
4073:
4059:
4005:
3940:
3922:
3808:
3793:
3787:
3756:
3575:
3570:
3555:
3518:
3379:
3374:
3298:
3254:
3110:
3084:
2825:
2816:
2609:
2596:
2467:
2146:
1726:
1717:; in the rest of Hassaniya-speaking lands, French is the additional language spoken.
632:
609:
2491:
2060:, there are approximately three million Hassaniya speakers, distributed as follows:
445:
5635:
5447:
5426:
4994:
4577:
4572:
4562:
4542:
4051:
4010:
3950:
3930:
3890:
3803:
3798:
3565:
3560:
3450:
3173:
3159:
2951:
2933:
2726:
1734:
1157:
205:
3875:
729:
are represented in the dialect, but there are also many new phonemes. As in other
4612:
4597:
4587:
4582:
3945:
3837:
3781:
3533:
2942:
2694:
664:
35:
2845:
2791:
2126:
1737:
to write the language, as established by Decree 2005–980 of
October 21, 2005.
4968:
4710:
4567:
3095:
3004:
2344:
2291:
Article 31 : Les langues nationales sont les langues officielles du Mali.
2250:
2122:
2064:
2056:
1913:
1908:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1868:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1773:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
628:
585:
573:
553:
175:
2378:
2352:
5933:
4547:
4000:
2500:
429:
413:
5302:
17:
4777:
3876:
2961:
2952:
2943:
2934:
2925:
2916:
2907:
2898:
2889:
2880:
2871:
2861:
2853:
2843:
2835:
2826:
2817:
2808:
2799:
2789:
2781:
2771:
2763:
2754:
2744:
2736:
2727:
2718:
2245:
420:
4648:
4602:
3985:
3975:
3868:
2678:
2495:
1574:
914:
Hassānīya has innovated many consonants by the spread of the distinction
613:
561:
476:
464:
219:
5876:
5334:
5284:
5168:
4906:
4144:
4020:
2684:
2099:
2093:
2074:
1730:
644:
624:
620:
577:
472:
399:
350:
213:
179:
167:
2360:
2328:
5349:
5243:
4958:
3935:
3863:
2915:
2559:
2544:
2486:
827:'scissors' above). For others, there is no obvious explanation (like
4385:
1923:
1903:
1873:
1858:
1798:
1768:
4015:
3970:
3960:
2879:
2834:
2807:
2780:
2753:
2717:
2689:
2513:
2111:
2105:
2079:
1710:
1519:) and . The latter is still, however, pronounced differently from
811:'to be sick'. Some consonant roots even have a double appearance:
640:
569:
200:
183:
3990:
2960:
2906:
2897:
2870:
2852:
2798:
2762:
2087:
1928:
1918:
1878:
1863:
1833:
1778:
636:
557:
376:
171:
5306:
4910:
4781:
4389:
4148:
2517:
2504:
2429:"Hassaniya, the Arabic of Mauritania", Al-Any, Riyadh S. / In:
2422:"Hassaniya, the Arabic of Mauritania", Al-Any, Riyadh S. / In:
2924:
2735:
2174:
658:
29:
898:). In some literary terms, however, it is clearly preserved:
2444:
Hassaniya Arabic (Mali) : poetic and ethnographic texts
475:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
1669:
in open syllables are found in Berber loanwords, such as
1697:
Many educated
Hassaniya Arabic speakers also practice
2450:
Hassaniya Arabic (Mali) – English – French dictionary
2401:
930:
more marginally so. One additional emphatic phoneme
534:
526:
518:
510:
503:
5892:
5851:
5818:
5795:
5768:
5735:
5654:
5611:
5602:
5487:
5383:
5357:
5348:
5341:
5234:
5206:
5182:
5154:
5145:
5108:
5065:
5056:
5036:
5008:
4985:
4976:
4967:
4944:
4857:
4831:
4815:
4744:
4724:
4686:
4621:
4533:
4524:
4515:
4499:
4423:
4357:
4336:
4314:
4241:
4213:
4206:
4182:
4094:
4029:
3916:
3846:
3825:
3750:
3668:
3650:
3611:
3504:
3464:
3431:
3422:
3395:
3355:
3346:
3320:
3207:
3067:
3058:
3049:
3028:
2982:
2973:
2710:
2595:
2552:
427:
411:
406:
382:
362:
357:
332:
313:
246:
238:
193:
162:
134:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1515:are usually realised as voiced (hereafter marked
572:origin who extended their authority over most of
1629:by in a word-initial pre-consonantal position:
1507:On the phonetic level, the classical consonants
866:has in most contexts disappeared or turned into
733:, Classical /q/ corresponds mostly to dialectal
145:
450:Current distribution of the Hassaniya language.
2433:; vol. 19 (1968), afl. 1 (mrt), pag. 19 / 1968
5318:
4922:
4793:
4401:
4160:
2529:
2440:; vol. 65 (2006), afl. 3, pag. 218 (1) / 2006
1725:Hassaniya Arabic is normally written with an
8:
2398:Cohen, David; el Chennafi, Mohammed (1963).
1733:, the government has adopted the use of the
1665:'they stood up'. In addition, short vowels
693:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
5608:
5354:
5345:
5325:
5311:
5303:
5151:
5062:
4982:
4973:
4929:
4915:
4907:
4800:
4786:
4778:
4530:
4521:
4408:
4394:
4386:
4210:
4167:
4153:
4145:
3428:
3352:
3064:
3055:
2979:
2536:
2522:
2514:
2501:
444:
131:
2225:Learn how and when to remove this message
1558:, and the short ones extend this by one:
713:Learn how and when to remove this message
591:The language has completely replaced the
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2476:) is being considered for deletion. See
2188:This article includes a list of general
1739:
956:
2375:"Decret n° 2005-980 du 21 octobre 2005"
2238:
958:Consonant phonemes of Hassaniya Arabic
469:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
2452:, Heath, Jeffrey / Harrassowitz / 2004
2446:, Heath, Jeffrey / Harrassowitz / 2003
2304:"Morocco 2011 Constitution, Article 5"
918:. In addition to the above-mentioned,
1677:'calves of 1 to 2 years of age', and
1621:. Remarkably, however, morphological
1577:(except for the feminine noun ending
962:
846:Nevertheless, the phonemic status of
619:Today, Hassaniya Arabic is spoken in
312:
7:
1743:Hassaniya Arabic alphabet (Senegal)
902:'suffering (participle)' (classical
691:adding citations to reliable sources
146:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
2408:. Paris: Librairie C. Klincksieck.
1531:seems to be in free variation with
608:in Hassaniya Arabic spoken between
493:
4121:Languages between parentheses are
2406:de Mauritanie (parler de la Gəbla)
2194:it lacks sufficient corresponding
938:along with a whole palatal series
760:have been preserved. The letter ج
25:
6038:Languages written in Latin script
2480:to help reach a consensus. ›
1715:previously controlled this region
1491:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1438:
1431:
1407:
1400:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1355:
1347:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1287:
1278:
1250:
1218:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1178:
1171:
1156:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1104:
1076:
1068:
1060:
1049:
1042:
934:is acquired from the neighboring
926:have a clear phonemic status and
4129:
4128:
2426:; vol. 52 (1969), pag. 15 / 1969
2256:
2179:
2139:
2125:
663:
392:
369:
34:
2438:Journal of Near Eastern studies
2329:"Yemenis in the Western Sahara"
45:needs additional citations for
5287:, extinct as native in Morocco
4125:of the language on their left.
2333:The Journal of African History
1649:'he descends' (subject prefix
535:
527:
519:
511:
1:
616:, according to G. S. Colin.
4281:South Oran and Figuig Berber
2620:Ancient South Arabian script
2587:Influence on other languages
1657:'he writes', subject prefix
831:'to be sick'). Etymological
242:5.2 million (2014–2021)
6033:Languages of Western Sahara
3877:
2962:
2953:
2944:
2935:
2926:
2917:
2908:
2899:
2890:
2881:
2872:
2862:
2854:
2844:
2836:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2790:
2782:
2772:
2764:
2755:
2745:
2737:
2728:
2719:
2660:
2402:
1562:. The classical diphthongs
1539:, however varies only with
504:
153:
6064:
2090:: 175,800 – 210,000 (2000)
1742:
6048:Culture of Western Sahara
5257:
5236:Main liturgical languages
4108:
4101:Islam and Arabic language
2511:
2506:Links to related articles
2345:10.1017/S0021853700003194
2308:www.constituteproject.org
2073:and the southern area of
1456:
1417:
1267:
1231:
1092:
1036:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
974:
969:
964:
455:
443:
364:Official language in
144:
139:
4042:Arabic script in Unicode
3777:Jordanian Bengali Pidgin
3137:(North-Eastern Tunisian)
2478:templates for discussion
6013:Languages of Mauritania
4809:Languages of Mauritania
4476:Koyraboro Senni Songhay
3304:Western Egyptian Bedawi
2209:more precise citations.
1625:is represented by and
894:'yesterday' instead of
815:'heavy (mentally)' vs.
791:'scissors'. Similarly,
564:. It was spoken by the
5399:North-Eastern Tunisian
5263:Modern Standard Arabic
5208:Main foreign languages
4858:Unrecognized languages
4762:Douentza Sign Language
4365:Algerian Sign Language
2431:Studies in linguistics
2327:Norris, H. T. (1962).
1703:Modern Standard Arabic
1681:in passive formation:
1593:'you (f. sg.) write',
936:Zenaga Berber language
835:appears constantly as
457:This article contains
3908:Quranic Arabic Corpus
2615:Ancient North Arabian
2050:Speakers distribution
944:Niger–Congo languages
916:emphatic/non-emphatic
6028:Languages of Senegal
6018:Languages of Morocco
5998:Languages of Algeria
5689:Eastern Middle Atlas
5128:Eastern Middle Atlas
4938:Languages of Morocco
4757:Berbey Sign Language
4752:Bamako Sign Language
4176:Languages of Algeria
3859:Sun and moon letters
3019:Pre-classical Arabic
886:'insist' instead of
878:'family' instead of
803:'laugh (noun)', but
687:improve this section
580:'s southeastern and
54:improve this article
5538:Central and Saharan
5283:Formerly native to
4767:Tebul Sign Language
4716:Tondi Songway Kiini
3713:Judeo-Tripolitanian
3192:Judeo-Tripolitanian
2155:Varieties of Arabic
1633:'I stood up' (root
959:
384:Recognised minority
6023:Languages of Niger
6003:Languages of Libya
4969:Native vernaculars
4946:Official languages
4832:National languages
4424:Official languages
4086:MacArabic encoding
2400:Le dialecte arabe
2246:Arabic (Hassaniya)
2067:: 2,770,000 (2006)
1685:'he was met' (cf.
1609:, while classical
1027: plain
957:
775:is represented by
568:Bedouin tribes of
486:Arabic (Hassaniya)
293:Arabic (Hassaniya)
154:Arabic (Ḥassānīya)
140:Mauritanian Arabic
135:Arabic (Hassaniya)
69:"Hassaniya Arabic"
27:Arabic (Hassaniya)
6008:Languages of Mali
5980:
5979:
5974:
5973:
5956:Vandalic language
5888:
5887:
5791:
5790:
5598:
5597:
5333:Languages of the
5300:
5299:
5202:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5141:
5140:
5052:
5051:
4904:
4903:
4896:Hassaniyya Arabic
4816:Official language
4775:
4774:
4740:
4739:
4682:
4681:
4417:Languages of Mali
4383:
4382:
4337:Foreign languages
4332:
4331:
4183:Official language
4142:
4141:
4117:extinct languages
4056:MS-DOS codepages
3821:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3500:
3499:
3418:
3417:
3316:
3315:
3012:Old Hijazi Arabic
2254:(27th ed., 2024)
2235:
2234:
2227:
2084:: 200,000+ (1995)
2047:
2046:
1617:have merged into
1505:
1504:
783:'to take' but by
745:have merged into
723:
722:
715:
502:
483:
482:
465:rendering support
461:phonetic symbols.
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
6055:
5993:Arabic languages
5950:
5943:
5936:
5922:
5908:
5879:
5726:
5724:Western Algerian
5719:
5712:
5705:
5698:
5696:Northern Saharan
5691:
5677:
5670:
5609:
5589:
5582:
5575:
5573:Eastern Moroccan
5568:
5566:Western Moroccan
5554:
5552:Western Algerian
5547:
5545:Eastern Algerian
5540:
5533:
5519:
5505:
5478:
5471:
5464:
5450:
5443:
5429:
5422:
5415:
5401:
5355:
5346:
5327:
5320:
5313:
5304:
5270:Classical Arabic
5152:
5090:Sanhaja de Srair
5063:
4983:
4974:
4931:
4924:
4917:
4908:
4885:
4878:
4802:
4795:
4788:
4779:
4531:
4522:
4500:Working language
4456:Hassaniya Arabic
4451:Maasina Fulfulde
4410:
4403:
4396:
4387:
4228:Algerian Saharan
4211:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4146:
4132:
4131:
3880:
3429:
3353:
3289:Western Algerian
3236:Eastern Algerian
3232:Algerian Saharan
3162:(Lesser Kabylia)
3065:
3056:
2998:Nabataean Arabic
2980:
2965:
2956:
2947:
2938:
2929:
2920:
2911:
2902:
2893:
2884:
2875:
2867:
2857:
2849:
2839:
2830:
2821:
2812:
2803:
2795:
2785:
2777:
2767:
2758:
2750:
2740:
2731:
2722:
2702:Maltese alphabet
2665:
2645:Algerian Braille
2635:Eastern numerals
2605:Nabataean script
2538:
2531:
2524:
2515:
2502:
2492:Hassaniya Arabic
2419:
2405:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2377:. Archived from
2371:
2365:
2364:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2286:
2276:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2243:
2230:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2210:
2205:this article by
2196:inline citations
2183:
2182:
2175:
2149:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2135:
2133:Languages portal
2130:
2129:
2102:: 150,000 (1985)
2096:: 162,000 (2015)
1740:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1656:
1648:
1641:'I wrote', root
1640:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:Classical Arabic
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1442:
1435:
1411:
1404:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1359:
1351:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1254:
1222:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1182:
1175:
1160:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1108:
1080:
1072:
1064:
1053:
1046:
960:
941:
933:
929:
925:
921:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
767:
763:
759:
755:
748:
744:
740:
736:
731:Bedouin dialects
727:Classical Arabic
718:
711:
707:
704:
698:
667:
659:
593:Berber languages
538:
537:
530:
529:
522:
521:
514:
513:
508:; also known as
507:
497:
495:
448:
439:
423:
416:
398:
396:
395:
386:language in
375:
373:
372:
338:
252:
156:
149:
148:
132:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
6063:
6062:
6058:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6053:
6052:
6043:Maghrebi Arabic
5983:
5982:
5981:
5976:
5975:
5970:
5966:Ottoman Turkish
5946:
5941:African Romance
5939:
5932:
5918:
5904:
5884:
5875:
5847:
5814:
5787:
5764:
5731:
5722:
5717:Tunisian-Zuwara
5715:
5708:
5701:
5694:
5687:
5673:
5666:
5650:
5594:
5585:
5578:
5571:
5564:
5550:
5543:
5536:
5529:
5515:
5501:
5483:
5474:
5467:
5460:
5446:
5439:
5435:Western Village
5425:
5418:
5411:
5407:Eastern Village
5397:
5379:
5370:Modern Standard
5337:
5331:
5301:
5296:
5277:Medieval Hebrew
5253:
5230:
5194:
5178:
5137:
5133:Eastern Morocco
5104:
5048:
5032:
5004:
4963:
4940:
4935:
4905:
4900:
4881:
4874:
4853:
4827:
4811:
4806:
4776:
4771:
4736:
4720:
4706:Koyraboro Senni
4678:
4617:
4517:
4511:
4495:
4481:Syenara Senoufo
4466:Kita Maninkakan
4419:
4414:
4384:
4379:
4358:Other languages
4353:
4328:
4310:
4237:
4207:Local languages
4202:
4178:
4173:
4143:
4138:
4104:
4090:
4037:Arabic keyboard
4025:
3920:
3912:
3897:Mater lectionis
3891:Triliteral root
3842:
3813:
3754:
3746:
3664:
3646:
3607:
3496:
3460:
3414:
3391:
3342:
3312:
3203:
3183:Judeo-Maghrebi
3051:
3045:
3041:Modern Standard
3024:
2969:
2706:
2650:Maltese Braille
2630:Arabic numerals
2591:
2548:
2542:
2507:
2481:
2462:
2416:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2384:
2382:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2312:
2310:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2284:
2282:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2244:
2240:
2231:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2201:Please help to
2200:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2165:Imraguen people
2145:
2140:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2121:
2114:: 10,000 (1998)
2108:: 40,000 (1985)
2077:, known as the
2052:
1723:
1695:
1549:
912:
904:/mu.ta.ʔal.lim/
764:is realized as
719:
708:
702:
699:
684:
668:
657:
550:Maghrebi Arabic
463:Without proper
451:
435:
419:
412:
402:
393:
391:
387:
385:
370:
368:
365:
358:Official status
343:Arabic alphabet
339:
334:
309:
273:Central Semitic
253:
250:Language family
248:
234:
170:, Northwestern
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6061:
6059:
6051:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5985:
5984:
5978:
5977:
5972:
5971:
5969:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5952:
5951:
5944:
5937:
5925:
5924:
5923:
5911:
5910:
5909:
5896:
5894:
5890:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5882:
5881:
5880:
5868:
5863:
5857:
5855:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5824:
5822:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5807:
5801:
5799:
5793:
5792:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5785:
5780:
5774:
5772:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5741:
5739:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5728:
5727:
5720:
5713:
5706:
5699:
5692:
5680:
5679:
5678:
5671:
5660:
5658:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5617:
5615:
5606:
5600:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5583:
5580:Moroccan koiné
5576:
5569:
5557:
5556:
5555:
5548:
5541:
5534:
5531:Algerian koiné
5522:
5521:
5520:
5517:Tunisian koiné
5508:
5507:
5506:
5493:
5491:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5481:
5480:
5479:
5472:
5465:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5444:
5432:
5431:
5430:
5427:Lesser Kabylia
5423:
5416:
5404:
5403:
5402:
5389:
5387:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5361:
5359:
5352:
5343:
5339:
5338:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5322:
5315:
5307:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5280:
5273:
5266:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5246:
5240:
5238:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5212:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5192:
5186:
5184:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5160:
5158:
5149:
5143:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5114:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5071:
5069:
5060:
5054:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5040:
5038:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5014:
5012:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5002:
5000:Judeo-Moroccan
4997:
4991:
4989:
4980:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4950:
4948:
4942:
4941:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4926:
4919:
4911:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4879:
4867:
4861:
4859:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4805:
4804:
4797:
4790:
4782:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4748:
4746:
4745:Sign languages
4742:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4692:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4636:
4631:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4608:Western Plains
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4539:
4537:
4528:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4461:Mamara Senoufo
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4427:
4425:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4405:
4398:
4390:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4375:Tetuani Ladino
4372:
4367:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4320:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4247:
4245:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4219:
4217:
4208:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4164:
4157:
4149:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4126:
4119:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4054:
4049:
4047:ISO/IEC 8859-6
4044:
4039:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3981:Naskh (script)
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3927:
3925:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3761:
3759:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3718:Judeo-Tunisian
3715:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3705:
3700:Judeo-Moroccan
3697:
3696:
3695:
3685:
3683:Judeo-Egyptian
3680:
3678:Judeo-Algerian
3674:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3660:Bedouin Arabic
3656:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3482:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3437:
3435:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3372:
3367:
3361:
3359:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3272:Moroccan koiné
3269:
3268:
3267:
3257:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3245:Tunisian koiné
3241:Eastern Hilal
3239:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3225:Judeo-Algerian
3220:Algerian koiné
3216:Central Hilal
3213:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3197:Judeo-Tunisian
3194:
3189:
3187:Judeo-Moroccan
3181:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3157:
3152:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3081:
3073:
3071:
3062:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2986:
2984:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2958:
2949:
2940:
2931:
2922:
2913:
2904:
2895:
2886:
2877:
2868:
2859:
2850:
2841:
2832:
2823:
2814:
2805:
2796:
2787:
2778:
2769:
2760:
2751:
2742:
2733:
2724:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2640:Arabic Braille
2637:
2632:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2489:
2465:
2461:
2460:External links
2458:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2414:
2392:
2391:
2366:
2339:(2): 317–322.
2319:
2295:
2281:. 22 July 2023
2263:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2187:
2185:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2160:Nemadi dialect
2157:
2151:
2150:
2136:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2085:
2071:Western Sahara
2068:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1729:. However, in
1722:
1719:
1699:code-switching
1694:
1693:Code-switching
1691:
1575:open syllables
1548:
1545:
1535:(etymological
1503:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1352:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1292:
1285:
1283:
1276:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1153:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1101:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1074:
1065:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1025:
1020:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
973:
968:
963:
911:
908:
721:
720:
671:
669:
662:
656:
653:
649:Western Sahara
582:Western Sahara
562:Sahrawi people
560:Arabs and the
520:Klem El Bithan
481:
480:
467:, you may see
453:
452:
449:
441:
440:
433:
425:
424:
417:
409:
408:
407:Language codes
404:
403:
390:
388:
383:
380:
379:
366:
363:
360:
359:
355:
354:
347:Latin alphabet
340:
336:Writing system
333:
330:
329:
328:
327:
322:
315:
311:
310:
308:
307:
306:
305:
304:
303:
302:
301:
300:
299:
298:
297:
296:
295:
256:
254:
247:
244:
243:
240:
236:
235:
233:
232:
227:
222:
217:
203:
197:
195:
191:
190:
188:Western Sahara
164:
163:Native to
160:
159:
142:
141:
137:
136:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6060:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5949:
5945:
5942:
5938:
5935:
5934:African Latin
5931:
5930:
5929:
5926:
5921:
5917:
5916:
5915:
5912:
5907:
5903:
5902:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5895:
5891:
5878:
5874:
5873:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5858:
5856:
5854:
5850:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5821:
5817:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5798:
5794:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5775:
5773:
5771:
5767:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5738:
5734:
5725:
5721:
5718:
5714:
5711:
5707:
5704:
5700:
5697:
5693:
5690:
5686:
5685:
5684:
5681:
5676:
5672:
5669:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5657:
5653:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5614:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5601:
5588:
5584:
5581:
5577:
5574:
5570:
5567:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5558:
5553:
5549:
5546:
5542:
5539:
5535:
5532:
5528:
5527:
5526:
5525:Central Hilal
5523:
5518:
5514:
5513:
5512:
5511:Eastern Hilal
5509:
5504:
5500:
5499:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5477:
5473:
5470:
5469:Tripolitanian
5466:
5463:
5459:
5458:
5457:
5454:
5449:
5445:
5442:
5441:Traras-Msirda
5438:
5437:
5436:
5433:
5428:
5424:
5421:
5417:
5414:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5405:
5400:
5396:
5395:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5382:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5344:
5340:
5336:
5328:
5323:
5321:
5316:
5314:
5309:
5308:
5305:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5260:
5259:
5256:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5233:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5209:
5205:
5191:
5190:African Latin
5188:
5187:
5185:
5181:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5157:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5144:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5107:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5075:Central Atlas
5073:
5072:
5070:
5068:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5035:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5011:
5007:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4966:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4932:
4927:
4925:
4920:
4918:
4913:
4912:
4909:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4884:
4880:
4877:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4856:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4830:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4803:
4798:
4796:
4791:
4789:
4784:
4783:
4780:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4696:Humburi Senni
4694:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4644:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4520:
4514:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4492:
4491:Xaasongaxango
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4446:Toro So Dogon
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4411:
4406:
4404:
4399:
4397:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4313:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4240:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4209:
4205:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4170:
4165:
4163:
4158:
4156:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4135:
4127:
4124:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4107:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4084:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4006:Sini (script)
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3996:Ruqʿah script
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3941:Hijazi script
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3919:
3915:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3753:
3749:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3726:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3619:Central Asian
3617:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3591:Taʽizzi-Adeni
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3175:
3172:
3170:Traras-Msirda
3169:
3168:
3166:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2610:Arabic script
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2551:
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633:Guinea-Bissau
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65:Find sources:
59:
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49:
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43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
5900:Proto-Berber
5797:Nilo-Saharan
5770:Southwestern
5663:Non-Zenatic
5586:
5503:Libyan koiné
5385:Pre-Hilalian
5291:
5282:
5275:
5268:
5261:
5085:Judeo-Berber
5027:
4987:Pre-Hilalian
4701:Koyra Chiini
4688:Nilo-Saharan
4455:
4441:Tieyaxo Bozo
4112:
4052:Windows-1256
4011:Taliq script
3951:Jeli Thuluth
3931:Ajami script
3895:
3799:Pidgin madam
3786:
3764:
3728:Judeo-Yemeni
3670:Judeo-Arabic
3652:Sociological
3639:
3601:Judeo-Yemeni
3424:Mesopotamian
3299:Libyan koiné
3259:
3083:
3076:
3069:Pre-Hilalian
3017:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2991:Proto-Arabic
2989:
2624:Zabūr script
2577:Romanization
2471:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2399:
2383:. Retrieved
2379:the original
2369:
2336:
2332:
2322:
2311:. Retrieved
2307:
2298:
2290:
2283:. Retrieved
2278:
2266:
2249:
2241:
2221:
2212:
2193:
2078:
2055:
2053:
1735:Latin script
1724:
1696:
1675:/i.vuː.kaːn/
1671:/a.raː.ɡaːʒ/
1658:
1650:
1642:
1634:
1572:
1550:
1506:
928:/bˤfˤɡˤmˤnˤ/
915:
913:
845:
770:
751:interdentals
724:
709:
700:
685:Please help
673:
618:
590:
541:
533:
525:
517:
509:
485:
484:
456:
428:
292:
268:West Semitic
258:Afro-Asiatic
206:Arab-Berbers
151:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
5820:Niger-Congo
5755:Tawellemmet
5183:Undescribed
5010:Hilal-Mâqil
4526:Niger–Congo
3946:Jawi script
3918:Calligraphy
3847:Linguistics
3772:Gulf Pidgin
3688:Judeo-Iraqi
3629:Kashkadarya
3485:Judeo-Iraqi
3410:Palestinian
3321:Nile Valley
2983:Pre-Islamic
2695:Dagger alif
2466:‹ The
2424:Linguistics
2279:sgg-mali.ml
2207:introducing
1721:Orthography
1689:'he met').
1683:/u.ɡaː.bəl/
1647:/i.naɡ.ɡaz/
1595:*/ka.ta.ba/
1458:Approximant
971:Interdental
854:as well as
839:, never as
566:Beni Ḥassān
554:Mauritanian
471:instead of
182:, Northern
178:, southern
18:ISO 639:mey
5987:Categories
5914:Phoenician
5893:Historical
5342:Vernacular
4711:Tadaksahak
4553:Bankan Tey
4516:Indigenous
4271:Tagargrent
3833:Literature
3506:Peninsular
3446:Khuzestani
3176:(Mountain)
3096:Australian
3005:Old Arabic
2655:Diacritics
2582:Numerology
2385:2021-12-10
2313:2021-07-18
2251:Ethnologue
2190:references
2171:References
2065:Mauritania
2057:Ethnologue
1000:Pharyngeal
910:Consonants
821:/qaː.nuːn/
749:; and the
629:Mauritania
610:Rio de Oro
586:Chinguetti
574:Mauritania
552:spoken by
512:Hassaniyya
176:Mauritania
80:newspapers
5778:Tetserret
5587:Hassānīya
5365:Classical
5080:Tashelhit
5028:Hassaniya
4518:languages
4266:Tachelhit
4233:Hassānīya
4123:varieties
4115:indicate
4030:Technical
4001:Shahmukhi
3956:Kairouani
3854:Phonology
3633:Khorasani
3623:Bakhtiari
3475:Anatolian
3405:Jordanian
3385:Damascene
3348:Levantine
3260:Hassaniya
3101:Cottenera
3036:Classical
2975:Varieties
2553:Overviews
2403:ḥassānīya
2353:0021-8537
2215:July 2024
1687:/ɡaː.bəl/
1655:/jə.ktəb/
1599:*/ka.tab/
1591:/tə.ktbi/
1274:voiceless
1269:Fricative
1233:Affricate
1099:voiceless
892:/jaː.məs/
888:/ʔak.kad/
884:/wak.kad/
703:July 2024
674:does not
655:Phonology
536:Hassaniya
505:Ḥassānīya
499:romanized
430:Glottolog
414:ISO 639-3
194:Ethnicity
110:July 2024
5906:Numidian
5805:Korandje
5750:Tamashek
5656:Northern
5631:Ghadamès
5489:Hilalian
5476:Tunisian
5462:Moroccan
5448:Mountain
5358:Literary
5285:Moriscos
5123:Tabeldit
4995:Northern
4883:Tamasheq
4603:Tommo So
4486:Tamasheq
4324:Korandje
4301:Mozabite
4296:Tidikelt
4291:Taznatit
4276:Temacine
4223:Algerian
4190:Standard
4134:Category
3986:Nastaliq
3976:Muhaqqaq
3966:Maghrebi
3826:Academic
3766:Bimbashi
3722:Tunisene
3693:Baghdadi
3641:Shirvani
3581:Hadhrami
3539:Bahraini
3490:Baghdadi
3441:Baghdadi
3380:Aleppine
3370:Lebanese
3365:Cilician
3338:Sudanese
3328:Egyptian
3209:Hilalian
3167:Western
3145:Eastern
3142:Village
3121:Żurrieqi
3085:Sicilian
3078:Andalusi
3060:Maghrebi
3029:Literary
2681:(tanwin)
2679:Nunation
2565:Alphabet
2560:Language
2547:language
2496:Omniglot
2468:template
2119:See also
1663:/uːɡ.vu/
1631:/u.ɡəft/
1556:/aːiːuː/
1031:emphatic
1023:emphatic
1015:emphatic
980:Alveolar
829:/mrˤədˤ/
813:/θaqiːl/
809:/mrˤədˤ/
795:becomes
647:and the
614:Timbuktu
477:Help:IPA
437:hass1238
325:Imraguen
314:Dialects
288:Hilalian
283:Maghrebi
239:Speakers
230:Imraguen
220:Haratins
210:Sahrawis
5928:Romance
5877:Haketia
5871:Spanish
5866:Italian
5853:Romance
5843:Bambara
5833:Soninké
5745:Tamahaq
5710:Shawiya
5703:Riffian
5683:Zenatic
5613:Eastern
5420:Sfaxian
5375:Maltese
5335:Maghreb
5292:Extinct
5226:English
5221:Spanish
5174:Spanish
5169:Haketia
5156:Western
5147:Romance
5118:Tarifit
5095:Ghomara
5023:Eastern
5018:Western
4865:Bambara
4844:Soninké
4732:Bangime
4674:Yalunka
4669:Supyire
4664:Soninke
4639:Maninka
4593:Penange
4558:Ben Tey
4471:Soninke
4431:Bambara
4349:English
4316:Songhay
4306:Tamahaq
4286:Tarifit
4261:Chaouïa
4251:Chenoua
4113:Italics
4021:Thuluth
3886:Grammar
3757:pidgins
3752:Creoles
3741:Sanʽani
3626:Bukhara
3586:Sanʽani
3549:Kuwaiti
3544:Emirati
3529:Dhofari
3514:Bahrani
3480:Cypriot
3468:(Qeltu)
3295:Sulaym
3282:Western
3277:Eastern
3155:Sfaxian
3151:(Sahel)
3106:Gozitan
3091:Maltese
2711:Letters
2685:Shaddah
2674:Harakat
2669:Tashkil
2597:Scripts
2570:History
2470:below (
2285:26 July
2203:improve
2100:Algeria
2094:Senegal
2075:Morocco
1731:Senegal
1707:Spanish
1673:'man',
1639:/ktəbt/
1005:Glottal
985:Palatal
952:Spanish
825:/mqass/
817:/θɡiːl/
801:/ðˤəħk/
789:/mqass/
781:/ɡbaðˤ/
695:removed
680:sources
645:Senegal
625:Morocco
621:Algeria
578:Morocco
546:variety
544:) is a
528:Hassani
501::
473:Unicode
400:Morocco
351:Senegal
263:Semitic
225:Nemadis
214:Beidane
180:Morocco
168:Algeria
94:scholar
5861:French
5838:Pulaar
5783:Zenaga
5760:Tayart
5737:Tuareg
5675:Kabyle
5641:Nafusi
5626:Fezzan
5621:Awjila
5604:Berber
5497:Sulaym
5456:Jewish
5350:Arabic
5249:Hebrew
5244:Arabic
5216:French
5110:Zenati
5100:Gharbi
5058:Berber
5044:Darija
4978:Arabic
4959:Arabic
4954:Berber
4891:French
4876:Zenaga
4870:Berber
4839:Pulaar
4823:Arabic
4659:Siamou
4654:Pulaar
4578:Jamsai
4573:Duleri
4563:Bondum
4543:Ampari
4507:French
4370:Domari
4344:French
4256:Kabyle
4243:Berber
4215:Arabic
4198:Berber
4193:Arabic
3936:Diwani
3923:Script
3881:(case)
3878:ʾIʿrāb
3864:Tajwid
3809:Bongor
3788:Maridi
3738:Habban
3612:Others
3596:Tihami
3576:Yemeni
3571:Shihhi
3556:Hejazi
3524:Bedawi
3519:Bareqi
3375:Syrian
3333:Saʽidi
3265:Nemadi
3251:Maqil
3149:Sahili
3116:Żejtun
3052:spoken
3050:Modern
2545:Arabic
2487:Curlie
2483:Arabic
2473:Curlie
2412:
2361:179754
2359:
2351:
2192:, but
1705:, and
1653:; cf.
1637:; cf.
1603:/ktəb/
1560:/aiuə/
1547:Vowels
1343:voiced
1167:voiced
1019:plain
1011:plain
995:Uvular
976:Dental
966:Labial
948:French
896:/ʔams/
880:/ʔahl/
602:Pulaar
570:Yemeni
558:Malian
540:, and
494:حسانية
490:Arabic
397:
374:
320:Nemadi
278:Arabic
147:حسانية
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
5961:Greek
5948:Sabir
5920:Punic
5828:Wolof
5668:Atlas
5636:Kufra
5560:Maqil
5413:Sahel
5393:Urban
5164:Sabir
5067:Atlas
5037:Koiné
4849:Wolof
4725:Other
4649:Mooré
4629:Dyula
4622:Other
4613:Yanda
4598:Tebul
4588:Nanga
4583:Mombo
4535:Dogon
4095:Other
4016:Tawqi
3971:Mashq
3961:Kufic
3869:Imāla
3838:Names
3804:Turku
3732:Adeni
3566:Omani
3561:Najdi
3466:North
3456:South
3451:Shawi
3433:Gilit
3397:South
3357:North
3255:Fessi
3174:Jebli
3160:Jijel
3135:Tunis
3130:Urban
3111:Qormi
2720:ʾAlif
2690:Hamza
2662:i‘jām
2357:JSTOR
2275:(PDF)
2112:Niger
2106:Libya
2080:Tekna
1711:Spain
1709:, as
1643:k-t-b
1635:w-g-f
1601:>
1597:>
1589:>
1583:/-ah/
1581:<
1419:Trill
1038:Nasal
990:Velar
950:(and
942:from
940:/cɟɲ/
876:/ahl/
762:/d͡ʒ/
641:Niger
542:Maure
201:Arabs
184:Niger
101:JSTOR
87:books
5810:Teda
5646:Siwa
4643:N'Ko
4634:Fula
4568:Budu
4436:Bomu
3991:Rasm
3794:Nubi
3782:Juba
3755:and
3735:Beda
3707:Wqal
3704:Kjal
3534:Gulf
2882:Ġayn
2873:ʿAyn
2410:ISBN
2349:ISSN
2287:2023
2088:Mali
2082:zone
1713:had
1667:/ai/
1613:and
1579:/-a/
1568:/aw/
1566:and
1564:/aj/
1511:and
1094:Stop
932:/zˤ/
924:/lˤ/
922:and
920:/rˤ/
890:and
860:/ðˤ/
858:and
852:/dˤ/
850:and
841:/dˤ/
837:/ðˤ/
833:/ðˤ/
805:/dˤ/
797:/ðˤ/
793:/dˤ/
756:and
747:/ðˤ/
743:/ðˤ/
741:and
739:/dˤ/
678:any
676:cite
637:Mali
612:and
600:and
576:and
556:and
377:Mali
349:(in
172:Mali
73:news
4548:Ana
4079:864
4074:720
4070:711
4067:710
4064:709
4060:708
3903:IPA
2963:Yāʾ
2954:Wāw
2945:Hāʾ
2936:Nūn
2927:Mīm
2918:Lām
2909:Kāf
2900:Qāf
2891:Fāʾ
2864:Ẓāʾ
2855:Ṭāʾ
2846:Ḍād
2837:Ṣād
2828:Šīn
2819:Sīn
2810:Zāy
2801:Rāʾ
2792:Ḏāl
2783:Dāl
2774:Ḫāʾ
2765:Ḥāʾ
2756:Ǧīm
2747:Ṯāʾ
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