1090:, with a general strike in 1927 which led to nearly 100 deaths. It survived underground with 15–20,000 members until January 1934, when it called a general revolutionary strike, which failed, against plans to replace trade unions with corporations. It was able to continue in a much reduced state until World War II, but was effectively finished as a fighting union. Massive government repression repeated such defeats around the world, as anarcho-syndicalist unions were destroyed in Peru, Brazil, Columbia, Japan, Cuba, Bulgaria, Paraguay and Bolivia. By the end of the 1930s legal anarcho-syndicalist trade unions existed only in Chile, Bolivia, Sweden and Uruguay.
1562:
1479:
1964:
656:
163:
2014:
1974:
1994:
632:
1954:
862:
644:
845:
2004:
1984:
1093:
At the tenth congress in 1958, the SAC's response to its pressures led it into a clash with the rest of the international. It withdrew from the IWA following its failure to amend the body's statutes to allow it to stand in municipal elections and amid concerns over its integration with the state over
840:
The IWA also states that syndicalists recognize violence as an acceptable defense against violence of the ruling classes, to be occur through the formation of a democratic popular militia rather than through a traditional military hierarchy. This has been posited as an alternative to the dictatorship
729:
At its peak the
International represented millions of people worldwide. Its member unions played a central role in the social conflicts of the 1920s and 1930s. However the International was formed as many countries were entering periods of extreme repression, and many of the largest IWA unions were
955:
For many in this new revolutionary wave, Russia seemed to offer a successful alternative to social democratic reformism, so when in 1919 the
Bolshevik Party issued an appeal for all workers to join it in building a new Red International it was met with great interest. Almost all of the syndicalist
779:
Revolutionary unionism asserts itself to be a supporter of the method of direct action, and aids and encourages all struggles that are not in contradiction to its own goals. Its methods of struggle are: strikes, boycotts, sabotage, etc. Direct action reaches its deepest expression in the general
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971:
in Spain, was unable to attend when their delegates were arrested on the way to the conference, though they did join the following year, bringing 600,000 members into the international. Despite the CNT's absence, the international represented well over 1 million workers at its inauguration:
2169:
1066:
In
Argentina, the FORA had already begun a process of decline by the time it joined the IWA, having split in 1915 into pro and anti-Bolshevik factions. From 1922, the anarchist movement there lost most of its membership, exacerbated by further splits, most notably around the
963:
The final formation of this new international, then known as the
International Workingmen's Association, took place at an illegal conference in Berlin in December 1922, marking an irrevocable break between the international syndicalist movement and the Bolsheviks.
952:(IWW) in the USA alongside the creation of mass anarchist unions across Latin America and huge syndicalist-led strikes in Germany, Portugal, Spain, Italy and France, where it was noted that "neutral (economic, but not political) syndicalism had been swept away."
1155:(Poland). As of its founding, the ICL-CIT counted more than 10,000 members, located in both Europe and the Americas; in contrast, by 2020, the IWA's membership had dwindled to less than 1,000 active members, mostly located in Europe.
488:
924:
within the anarchist movement and a dominant strand of social-democracy on the wider left wing in Europe, meant that serious moves to establish an anarcho-syndicalist international would not begin until the early 20th century.
2154:
2197:
2174:
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65:
960:, which unions in France and Italy joined immediately. In contrast, attempts to organize a conference of anarchists in February 1919 in Copenhagen had seen only the Scandinavians able to attend.
2179:
2257:
2212:
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Signatories to the founding statement of the
International Workingmen's Association included groups from around the world. The single largest anarcho-syndicalist union at the time, the
2232:
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686:
2207:
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468:
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1139:(Germany), which together represented 80-90% of the IWA's working membership. In 2018, the expelled sections of the IWA established a new international organisation, the
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764:, as offering the means to carry out such change, drawing heavily on anarchist critiques written both before and after the Russian revolution, most famously
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The biggest syndicalist union in the US, the IWW, considered joining but eventually ruled out affiliation in 1936, citing the IWA's policies on
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It aims to create unions capable of fighting for the economic and political interests of the working class and eventually, to directly abolish
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are there forces capable of bringing about its liberation and the necessary creative energy for the reorganisation of society on the basis of
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768:'s suggestion that: "If you took the most ardent revolutionary, vested him in absolute power, within a year he would be worse than the
2518:
2423:
2388:
2288:
2242:
1220:
1147:; ICL-CIT). Alongside the CNT, USI and FAU, other affiliated organisations included the North American Regional Administration of the
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Instead emphasis is placed on the organization of workers as the agents of social change through their ability to take direct action:
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Sample flowchart of the relationship of an individual member of the
Solidarity Federation to their national body and to the IWA,
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By the 21st century, the IWA was experiencing an internal crisis. This process culminated in 2016, with the expulsion of the
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Portugal's CGT was driven underground after an unsuccessful attempt to break the newly installed
President of Portugal,
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strike, which should also be, from the point of view of revolutionary unionism, the prelude to the social revolution.
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1977:
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936:, what was to become the modern IWA was formed, billing itself as the "true heir" of the original international.
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and the state through "the establishment of economic communities and administrative organs run by the workers."
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2383:
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1124:), which has reported on strike actions and trade union struggles in both Slovakia and the rest of the world.
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2483:
2353:
2308:
2058:
1987:
1901:
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1367:"Places of Revolt: Geographical References in the Slovak Anarchist Press Around the Turn of the Millennium"
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1906:
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in Russia in 1918 resulted in a wave of syndicalist successes worldwide, including the struggle of the
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2017:
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This split prompted several attempts to start specifically anarchist
Internationals, notably the
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From an early stage, the IWA has taken an anti-militarist stance, reflecting the overwhelming
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2007:
1967:
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1270:. Walter John Raymond. p. 85. Brunswick Publishing Corp. 1992. Accessed January 27, 2010.
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1993:
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unions attended the 1920 congress of the
Bolsheviks’ international of communists, the
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After the end of the war however, with the workers' movement resurgent following the
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1383:
1268:"Dictionary of politics: selected American and foreign political and legal terms"
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Fred W. Thompson and
Patrick Murfin (1976), IWW: Its First 70 Years, 1905-1975
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745:
723:
581:
202:
1409:
Correa, Felipe (2023). "The Global Revival of Anarchism and Syndicalism". In
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Coordination Committee of Maoist Parties and Organisations of South Asia
2003:
1983:
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1916:
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and became the Slovak section of the IWA. It has published the journal
865:
Bakunin speaking to members of the IWMA at the congress in Basel, 1869.
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245:
17:
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International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations
2175:
International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations
825:- and certainly should not die for them. It included a commitment to
1077:
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1330:
EIAL - Estudios Interdisciplinarios de América Latina y el Caribe
769:
2504:
International Entente of Radical and Similar Democratic Parties
2031:
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1489:
489:
Confédération Générale du Travail-Syndicaliste Révolutionnaire
870:
First International and revolutionary syndicalism (1864–1917)
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Only in the economic and revolutionary organisations of the
27:
International federation of anarcho-syndicalist labor unions
940:
Rejection of Bolshevism and founding of the IWA (1918–1922)
1472:
1159:
Other anarchist internationals and international networks
129:
2180:
International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties
920:, as well as in Spain and Italy, alongside the rise of
916:(1881–87). However heavy repression in France of the
2401:
2336:
2266:
2188:
2145:
2122:
2113:
2095:
2072:
2065:
1880:
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Confederation of Revolutionary Anarcho-Syndicalists
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1569:
1529:
821:should not engage with the power struggles between
124:
114:
98:
86:
71:
1224:(New York: Monthly Review Press, 1970), pp.25-26.
829:in its core principles and in 1926 it founded an
1252:Michael Schmidt and Lucien Van Der Walt (2009),
1248:
1246:
1244:
878:; IWMA) aimed at uniting a variety of different
469:Asociación Continental Americana de Trabajadores
1280:
1278:
1276:
777:
2314:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
1235:"The Statutes of Revolutionary Unionism (IWA)"
2469:International Alliance of Socialist Democracy
2464:International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam
2439:Committee for a Workers' International (1974)
2359:International Alliance of Libertarian Parties
2043:
1505:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1013:Central Organisation of the Workers of Sweden
702:
680:
8:
2599:International and regional union federations
1404:
1402:
704:Asociación Internacional de los Trabajadores
534:Swedish Anarcho-syndicalist Youth Federation
57:Asociación Internacional de los Trabajadores
43:
2509:International Revolutionary Marxist Centre
2474:International Working People's Association
2119:
2069:
2050:
2036:
2028:
1750:Irish Transport and General Workers' Union
1512:
1498:
1490:
1477:
1326:"The Uniqueness of Anarchism in Argentina"
1171:International Working People's Association
837:and gather information on war production.
687:
673:
141:
42:
2284:International League of Peoples' Struggle
1485:Video of the IWA Congress in Madrid 1931
1382:
1341:
1006:Committee for the Defense of Syndicalism
985:Regional Federation of Argentine Workers
2524:Revolutionary Internationalist Movement
1208:Anarcho-syndicalism in the 20th Century
1188:
1145:Confederación Internacional del Trabajo
1094:distribution of unemployment benefits.
831:International Anti-Militarist Coalition
153:
1768:Sveriges Arbetares Centralorganisation
1682:Argentine Regional Workers' Federation
1670:International Workingmen's Association
1177:International of Anarchist Federations
1151:, FORA (Argentina), ESE (Greece), and
876:International Workingmen's Association
32:International Workingmen's Association
1141:International Confederation of Labour
1097:In the early 2000s, the organisation
701:International Workers' Association –
7:
712:) is an international federation of
2539:West Indies Democratic Labour Party
2579:International Workers' Association
2519:Labour and Socialist International
2424:Communist Correspondence Committee
2389:World Union of National Socialists
2294:International Workers' Association
1694:Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
1415:The Cambridge History of Socialism
1221:Anarchism: From Theory to Practice
1062:Decline and repression (1923–1939)
514:International Workers' Association
499:Confédération nationale du travail
494:Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
50:International Workers' Association
25:
2414:Anarchist St. Imier International
1451:"Founding of a New International"
1287:Anarchism and Anarcho-Syndicalism
1165:Anarchist St. Imier International
910:Anarchist St. Imier International
484:Confédération Générale du Travail
479:Confederacion General del Trabajo
2544:West Indies Federal Labour Party
2434:Communist Workers' International
2013:
2012:
2002:
1992:
1982:
1973:
1972:
1962:
1952:
1560:
1048:Union for Syndicalist Propaganda
1041:Norwegian Syndicalist Federation
1029:(NAS) in the Netherlands: 22,500
1020:General Confederation of Workers
654:
642:
630:
161:
63:
2494:International Communist Seminar
2364:International Monarchist League
2319:World Anti-Imperialist Platform
2289:International People's Assembly
2132:International Communist Current
2082:Centrist Democrat International
1756:Fagoppositionens Sammenslutning
1732:Industrial Workers of the World
1726:General Confederation of Labour
1688:Brazilian Workers Confederation
1034:Industrial Workers of the World
992:General Confederation of Labour
950:Industrial Workers of the World
762:dictatorship of the proletariat
2604:1922 establishments in Germany
2560:Pan-European political parties
2274:Atheist Alliance International
2165:International Communist League
999:Free Workers' Union of Germany
730:shattered during that period.
509:Free Workers' Union of Germany
1:
2489:International Agrarian Bureau
2137:International Communist Party
2087:International Democracy Union
2379:Pirate Parties International
1712:Norsk Syndikalistisk Forbund
1384:10.31577/forhist.2020.14.1.4
760:, including the idea of the
519:Norsk Syndikalistisk Forbund
1058:and political affiliation.
744:The IWA explicitly rejects
549:Workers Solidarity Alliance
2620:
2529:Situationist International
1419:Cambridge University Press
1071:affair. It was crushed by
1027:National Labor Secretariat
994:(CGT) in Portugal: 150,000
841:of the proletariat model.
737:
90:C/Joaquim Costa 34 baixos
29:
2557:
2299:Progressive International
2160:European Communist Action
1949:
1558:
1427:10.1017/9781108611022.027
1121:
1109:
978:Italian Syndicalist Union
874:The First International (
539:Unione Sindacale Italiana
62:
55:
48:
2589:Left-wing internationals
2384:World Ecological Parties
2324:World Socialist Movement
2059:Political internationals
1647:Workers' self-management
1008:(CDS) in France: 100,000
544:Union of Russian Workers
228:Workers' self-management
56:
30:Not to be confused with
2354:Humanists International
2309:Socialist International
1902:Criticism of capitalism
1762:National Workers' Union
1365:Daniel, Ondřej (2020).
1343:10.61490/eial.v8i1.1126
1284:Rudolph Rocker (1960),
1082:Wartime CNT propaganda.
1075:military coup in 1930.
1043:(NSF) in Norway: 20,000
1022:(CGT) in Mexico: 30,000
897:that were based on the
602:Participatory economics
2349:Humanist International
1907:Criticism of copyright
1622:Co-operative economics
1411:van der Linden, Marcel
1302:The Workers Themselves
1083:
1036:(IWW) in Chile: 20,000
980:(USI): 500,000 members
922:propaganda of the deed
866:
853:
802:
703:
572:Collectivist anarchism
218:Prefigurative politics
2449:Fascist International
2409:Alliance of Democrats
2369:Liberal International
1927:Libertarian socialism
1718:Solidarity Federation
1324:Oved, Yaacov (1997).
1299:Wayne Thorpe (1989),
1206:Vadim Damier (2009),
1112:) was established in
1081:
893:political groups and
864:
847:
792:libertarian communism
738:Further information:
587:Libertarian socialism
524:Solidarity Federation
178:Anti-authoritarianism
2534:Vienna International
2479:Second International
2459:Fourth International
2105:Progressive Alliance
1069:Severino Di Giovanni
912:(1872-1881) and the
649:Socialism portal
637:Anarchism portal
208:Industrial democracy
36:IWA (disambiguation)
2584:Anarcho-syndicalism
2484:Third International
2454:First International
2419:Black International
1706:Free Workers' Union
1642:Labour unionisation
1547:Revolutions of 1848
944:The success of the
914:Black International
813:attitude since the
799:Statutes of the IWA
740:Anarcho-syndicalism
714:anarcho-syndicalist
661:Politics portal
617:Synthesis anarchism
567:Anarchist communism
529:SAC Syndikalisterna
504:Free Workers' Union
213:Industrial unionism
155:Anarcho-syndicalism
119:Anarcho-syndicalism
45:
2374:Muslim Brotherhood
1237:. IWA. 2022-12-09.
1122:Let's eat the rich
1084:
930:October Revolution
867:
854:
75:December 1922
2566:
2565:
2444:E2D International
2397:
2396:
2332:
2331:
2025:
2024:
1720:(SF–IWA, Britain)
1714:(NSF–IAA, Norway)
1581:Council communism
1552:Utopian socialism
1436:978-1-108-48134-2
1073:General Uriburu's
934:Russian Civil War
750:political parties
719:and initiatives.
697:
696:
577:Council communism
266:Solidarity action
256:Industrial action
140:
139:
16:(Redirected from
2611:
2429:Communist League
2147:Marxist–Leninist
2120:
2070:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2029:
2016:
2015:
2008:Socialism portal
2006:
1996:
1988:Organized Labour
1986:
1978:Labour economics
1976:
1975:
1968:Communism portal
1966:
1958:Anarchism portal
1956:
1912:Critique of work
1743:IWW-South Africa
1696:(CNT–AIT, Spain)
1627:Labour economics
1564:
1542:Orthodox Marxism
1524:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1491:
1481:
1476:
1475:
1473:Official website
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1441:
1440:
1406:
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1345:
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474:Awareness League
223:Workers' control
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131:
107:
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80:
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2608:
2569:
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2499:ICMPLO (Maoist)
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2304:São Paulo Forum
2262:
2184:
2141:
2109:
2091:
2061:
2056:
2026:
2021:
1998:Politics portal
1945:
1932:Post-capitalism
1876:
1772:
1764:(UON, Portugal)
1678:and affiliates
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1609:
1565:
1556:
1537:Guild socialism
1525:
1520:
1518:
1471:
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1437:
1421:. p. 633.
1417:. Vol. 1.
1408:
1407:
1400:
1371:Forum Historiae
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1313:
1309:
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1233:
1232:
1228:
1218:Daniel Guerin,
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1213:
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1190:
1186:
1161:
1101:
1064:
1050:in Denmark: 600
1001:(FAUD): 120,000
987:(FORA): 200,000
942:
932:and subsequent
872:
859:
827:anti-militarism
815:First World War
807:
801:
798:
766:Mikhail Bakunin
754:parliamentarism
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736:
693:
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622:
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241:
233:
232:
188:Anti-militarism
183:Anti-capitalism
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39:
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22:
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2293:
2074:Conservative
1922:Labour power
1728:(CGT, Spain)
1675:
1454:
1445:
1414:
1377:(1): 39–52.
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1370:
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1099:Priama akcia
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717:labor unions
709:
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597:Neozapatismo
513:
115:Affiliations
87:Headquarters
40:
2594:Syndicalism
2514:Krestintern
2097:Progressive
2018:Syndicalism
1937:Revisionism
1897:Corporatism
1813:Griffuelhes
1672:(1864–1876)
1606:Sorelianism
1601:Nationalist
1522:Syndicalism
1255:Black Flame
1173:(1881–1887)
1167:(1872–1877)
1102: [
895:Labor union
835:disarmament
833:to promote
612:Sorelianism
607:Platformism
401:Petrichenko
386:Novomirskii
2573:Categories
2402:Historical
2190:Trotskyist
1858:Pelloutier
1833:Lagardelle
1808:Fitzgerald
1654:Mutual aid
1586:De Leonism
1530:Precursors
1184:References
1120:(English:
1108:(English:
946:Bolsheviks
772:himself."
746:centralism
724:capitalism
582:De Leonism
391:Pelloutier
356:Mainwaring
203:Federalism
2203:FI (USFI)
2115:Socialist
1942:Socialism
1887:Communism
1803:Delesalle
1793:De Ambris
1738:IWW-Chile
1615:Economics
1576:Anarchist
1393:1337-6861
1352:0792-7061
1135:(Italy),
1131:(Spain),
1056:religious
958:Comintern
891:anarchist
887:communist
883:socialist
880:left-wing
817:that the
811:anarchist
592:Mutualism
421:Santillán
306:Ascaso J.
301:Ascaso F.
92:Barcelona
1892:Copyleft
1853:Panunzio
1570:Variants
1114:Slovakia
805:Policies
797:—
734:Ideology
426:Schapiro
361:Maksimov
336:Gröndahl
261:Sabotage
240:Practice
147:a series
145:Part of
132:.iwa-ait
99:Location
2279:COPPPAL
1917:Fascism
1843:Monatte
1828:Jouhaux
1823:Janvion
1818:Haywood
1798:De Leon
1752:(ITGWU)
1676:IWA–AIT
1591:Fascist
1455:Freedom
1413:(ed.).
1179:(1968–)
857:History
758:statism
710:IWA–AIT
451:Yarchuk
416:Rüdiger
396:Pestaña
366:Meltzer
326:Dolgoff
321:Chomsky
311:Besnard
246:Boycott
125:Website
94:, Spain
79:1922-12
77: (
72:Founded
44:IWA/AIT
18:IWA-AIT
2233:IWL-FI
2213:ICL-FI
2066:Active
1873:Valois
1863:Rocker
1848:García
1838:Larkin
1777:People
1734:(IWW)
1684:(FORA)
1433:
1391:
1350:
446:Witkop
441:Souchy
411:Rocker
406:Pouget
381:Gandía
371:Orobón
351:Köster
295:People
172:Theory
2337:Other
2267:Other
2258:WIRFI
2253:TF-FI
1868:Sorel
1788:Berth
1690:(COB)
1596:Green
1336:(1).
1106:]
852:2009.
850:circa
431:Seguí
376:Peiró
346:Kater
341:Leval
316:Camus
2208:ICFI
2198:CRFI
1783:Bain
1431:ISBN
1389:ISSN
1348:ISSN
1046:The
1039:The
1032:The
1025:The
1018:The
1011:The
1004:The
997:The
990:The
983:The
976:The
901:and
889:and
783:...
770:Tsar
756:and
699:The
436:Soto
134:.org
2248:RCI
2243:L5I
2238:LFI
2228:IST
2223:ISA
2218:ICU
1423:doi
1379:doi
1338:doi
1149:IWW
1137:FAU
1133:USI
1129:CNT
969:CNT
130:www
34:or
2575::
1453:.
1429:.
1401:^
1387:.
1375:14
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1153:IP
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1290:.
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1143:(
794:.
708:(
688:e
681:t
674:v
81:)
38:.
20:)
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