277:
314:(pharmaceutical encyclopedia) listing 1400 plants, foods, and drugs, and their uses. It is organized alphabetically by the name of the useful plant or plant component or other substance—a small minority of the items covered are not botanicals. For each item, Ibn al-Bayṭār makes one or two brief remarks himself and gives brief extracts from a handful of different earlier authors about the item. The bulk of the information is compiled from the earlier authors. The book contains references to 150 previous Arabic authors, as well as 20 previous Greek authors. One of the sources he quotes most frequently is the
330:(Aveicenna). Both of those sources have similarities in layout and subject matter with Ibn al-Bayṭār's own book, but Ibn al-Bayṭār's treatments are richer in detail, and a large minority of Ibn al-Bayṭār's useful plants or plant substances are not covered at all by Dioscorides or Ibn Sīnā. In modern printed edition, the book is more than 900 pages long. As well as in Arabic, it was published in full in translation in German and French in the 19th century.
276:
42:
627:
The first use of a metal tube in this context was made around 1280 in the wars between the Song and the
Mongols, where a new term, chong, was invented to describe the new horror...Like paper, it reached the West via the Muslims, in this case the writings of the Andalusian botanist Ibn al-Baytar, who
249:
and was appointed chief herbalist. In 1227 al-Kāmil extended his domination to
Damascus, and Ibn al-Bayṭār accompanied him there, which provided him an opportunity to collect plants in Syria. His botanical researches extended over a vast area including Arabia and Palestine. He died in Damascus in
590:
The first definite mention of saltpetre in Arabic language is that in al-Baytar (died 1248), written towards the end of his life, where it is called "snow of China." Al-Baytar was a
Spanish Arab, although he travelled a good deal and lived for a time in
710:, - Commentaire de la "Materia Medica" de Dioscoride, by Abu Muhammad 'Abdallah ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Baytar de Malaga, (ed. Ibrahim ben Mrad), Beirut 1989 (Arabic w/ Taxonomic names in English)
1059:
796:
1215:
813:
203:"al-Mālaqī". His name "Ibn al-Baitar" is Arabic for "son of the veterinarian", which was his father's profession. Ibn al-Bayṭār learned botany from the Málagan botanist
1220:
1191:
1260:
1230:
210:
In 1219, Ibn al-Bayṭār left Málaga, travelling to the coast of North Africa and as far as
Anatolia, to collect plants. The major stations he visited include
789:
395:
which incorporates his knowledge of plants used extensively for the treatment of various ailments, including diseases related to the head, ear, eye, etc.
322:
who was inspired by Magon, another
Amazigh, having also written an Arabic commentary on the work. Another book often cited by him is Book Two of the
1245:
782:
805:
1225:
1068:
766:
698:
German edition in two volumes, 1840–1842, translated by
Sontheimer. French edition in three volumes, 1877–1883, translated by Leclerc.
750:
614:
583:
369:
was produced by joining various retorts, the steam from these retorts condensed, combined and its scented droplets were used as
1089:
177:, which added between 300 and 400 types of medicine to the one thousand previously known since antiquity. He was a student of
675:
1240:
1143:
647:
173:
physician, botanist, pharmacist and scientist. His main contribution was to systematically record the additions made by
628:
died in
Damascus in 1248. The Arabic term for saltpetre is 'Chinese snow' while the Persian usage is 'Chinese salt'.28
174:
1135:
921:
107:
1164:
1034:
978:
916:
204:
178:
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1009:
911:
70:
1255:
1250:
947:
1235:
1185:
1156:
885:
1103:
199:
746:
689:
by Abu
Muhammad 'Abdallah ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Baytar de Malaga, Beirut 1989 (Arabic)
671:
610:
604:
579:
66:
738:
573:
1116:
865:
849:
828:
461:
456:
392:
660:
Encyclopedia of the
History of Arabic Science, volume 1: Astronomy, Theoretical and Applied
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139:
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62:
687:
Tafsīr Kitāb Diyāsqūrīdūs, - A commentary of
Dioscorides' "Materia Medica,"
190:
58:
41:
345:) was often extracted from flowers and rare leaves, by means of using hot
906:
880:
354:
327:
246:
127:
110:
88:
27:
Andalusian Arab pharmacist, botanist, physician and scientist (1197–1248)
1049:
1044:
762:"Ibn Al-Bayṭār Al-Mālaqī, Ḍiyāʾ Al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdllāh Ibn Aḥmad"
370:
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231:
223:
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74:
778:
609:(illustrated, annotated ed.). HarperCollins. p. 304.
350:
346:
606:
Ideas: A History of Thought and Invention, from Fire to Freud
333:
Ibn al-Bayṭār provides detailed chemical information on the
207:
with whom he started collecting plants in and around Spain.
197:(Muslim Spain) at the end of the twelfth century, hence his
423:(also attributed to Ibn Jumayʿ); translated into Latin by
298:
Ibn al-Bayṭār’s largest and most widely read book is his
578:(reprint, illustrated ed.). JHU Press. p. 22.
253:
Ibn al-Bayṭār used the name "snow of China" (in Arabic,
152:
Diyāʾ al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Aḥmad al-Mālaqī
481:
479:
477:
337:
and Orangewater production. He mentions: The scented
726:"EBN AL-BAYṬĀR, ŻĪĀʾ-AL-DĪN ABŪ MOḤAMMAD ʿABD-ALLĀH"
512:
510:
508:
282:
Kitab al-jami' li-mufradat al-adwiyah wa'l-aghdhiyah
1058:
1022:
992:
961:
935:
899:
858:
842:
821:
812:
123:
103:
81:
51:
46:
Statue of Ibn al-Bayṭār in Benalmádena Costa, Spain
32:
271:Kitāb al-Jāmiʿ li-Mufradāt al-Adwiya wa-l-Aghdhiya
373:and mixed to produce the most costly medicines.
745:. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons.
790:
547:"The Book of Medicinal and Nutritional Terms"
499:"The Book of Medicinal and Nutritional Terms"
8:
357:oil. The oils used were also extracted from
767:Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography
818:
797:
783:
775:
437:, a commentary on the first four books of
300:Compendium on Simple Medicaments and Foods
241:After 1224, he entered the service of the
29:
730:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VIII, Fasc. 1
1216:Alchemists of the medieval Islamic world
1111:al-ʿIlm al-muktasab fī zirāʿat al-dhahab
638:
636:
559:
1221:Botanists of the medieval Islamic world
473:
385:Kitāb al-Mughnī fī al-Adwiya al-Mufrada
378:Kitāb al-Mughnī fī al-Adwiya al-Mufrada
743:Greco-Arab and Islamic Herbal Medicine
516:
189:Ibn al-Baitar was born in the city of
806:Alchemy in the medieval Islamic world
575:A history of Greek fire and gunpowder
387:, كتاب المغني في الأدوية المفردة .an
383:Ibn al-Bayṭār’s second major work is
175:Islamic physicians in the Middle Ages
7:
1261:13th-century writers from al-Andalus
662:, pgs. 271–272. Ed. Roshdi Rasheed.
485:
308:كتاب الجامع لمفردات الأدوية والأغذية
1231:Scholars from the Almohad Caliphate
1090:Masāʾil Khālid li-Maryānus al-rāhib
979:Abū l-ʿAbbās al-Nabātī (pharmacist)
307:
163:
1193:Nihāyat al-rutba fī ṭalab al-ḥisba
25:
737:Saad, Bashar; Said, Omar (2011).
572:James Riddick Partington (1960).
1083:al-Burhān fī asrār ʿilm al-mīzān
532:Medical history of contraception
411:Risāla fī l-Aghdhiya wa-l-Adwiya
40:
1246:Pharmacologists from al-Andalus
829:pseudo-Khālid ibn Yazīd (Calid)
261:while writing about gunpowder.
1:
289:
1144:One Hundred and Twelve Books
648:Malaspina University-College
529:Himes, Norman Edwin (1963).
353:, they were later cooled in
1130:al-Miṣbāḥ fī ʿilm al-miftāḥ
1277:
1226:Physicians from al-Andalus
984:Ḥasan al-Rammāḥ (engineer)
974:Ibn al-Bayṭār (pharmacist)
834:pseudo-Apollonius of Tyana
429:Ebn Bitar de malis limonis
927:Ibn al-Wāfid (pharmacist)
871:Ibn Umayl (Senior Zadith)
866:Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (Rhazes)
435:Tafsīr Kitāb Diyāsqūrīdūs
145:
116:
108:Scientific classification
39:
850:Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (Geber)
708:Tafsīr Kitāb Diāsqūrīdūs
280:Copy of Ibn al-Baytar's
166:) (1197–1248 AD) was an
205:Abū al-ʿAbbās al-Nabātī
1010:Abū l-Ashbā ibn Tammām
922:Aḥmad ibn ʿImād al-Dīn
912:al-Khawārizmī al-Kāthī
891:al-Zahrāwī (Abulcasis)
886:Abū Manṣūr al-Muwaffaq
724:Alam, Hushang (1997).
295:
179:Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati
1137:Nabataean Agriculture
1076:Books of the Balances
603:Peter Watson (2006).
421:Treatise on the Lemon
279:
760:Vernet, J. (2008) .
560:Saad & Said 2011
154:, commonly known as
1186:Turba Philosophorum
1035:Philosopher's stone
917:al-Muʿizz ibn Bādīs
770:. Encyclopedia.com.
441:' "Materia Medica."
417:Maqāla fī al-Laymūn
1241:People from Málaga
1178:Secret of Creation
1160:(pseudo-Aristotle)
1104:Five Hundred Books
881:Maslama al-Qurṭubī
296:
71:Province of Málaga
1203:
1202:
1122:Clavis sapientiae
1018:
1017:
324:Canon of Medicine
149:
148:
118:Scientific career
67:Almohad Caliphate
16:(Redirected from
1268:
1118:Mifthāḥ al-ḥikma
819:
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785:
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642:Russell McNeil,
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457:Islamic medicine
393:Islamic medicine
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957:
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907:pseudo-Avicenna
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854:
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732:. pp. 6–8.
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488:, pp. 6–8.
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93:Ayyubid dynasty
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431:(Venice 1593).
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405:Mīzān al-Ṭabīb
400:
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316:Materia Medica
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257:) to describe
220:Constantinople
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104:Known for
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1195:(al-Nabarawi)
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1166:Sirr al-asrār
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1151:Seventy Books
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644:Ibn al-Bayṭār
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616:0-06-093564-2
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585:0-8018-5954-9
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425:Andrea Alpago
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407:.ميزان الطبيب
406:
403:
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367:Essential oil
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312:pharmacopoeia
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156:Ibn al-Bayṭār
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34:Ibn al-Bayṭār
31:
19:
18:Ibn al-Baitar
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1136:
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993:14th century
973:
962:13th century
936:12th century
900:11th century
859:10th century
765:
742:
729:
707:
703:
694:
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659:
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626:
620:. Retrieved
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389:encyclopedia
384:
382:
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332:
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299:
297:
281:
270:
255:thalj al-Ṣīn
254:
252:
240:
209:
198:
188:
155:
151:
150:
117:
1256:1248 deaths
1251:1197 births
943:al-Ṭughrāʾī
843:9th century
822:8th century
517:Vernet 2008
439:Dioscorides
399:Other works
320:Dioscorides
310:). It is a
293: 1300
164:ابن البيطار
1236:Herbalists
1210:Categories
1000:al-Jildakī
814:Alchemists
718:References
676:0415124107
622:2011-11-28
195:al-Andalus
168:Andalusian
136:Pharmacist
1168:(al-Rāzī)
969:al-Simāwī
953:Artephius
668:Routledge
486:Alam 1997
335:Rosewater
286:Near East
259:saltpetre
212:Marrakech
140:Physician
132:Scientist
63:Andalusia
1040:al-iksīr
1023:Concepts
670:, 1996.
446:See also
355:cinnamon
328:Ibn Sīnā
288:, dated
247:al-Kāmil
128:Botanist
111:Oncology
89:Damascus
1050:Athanor
1045:Alembic
549:. 1800.
501:. 1800.
371:perfume
245:Sultan
243:Ayyubid
236:Antalya
228:Tripoli
1030:Takwin
749:
674:
664:London
613:
591:Egypt.
582:
363:olives
359:sesame
339:Shurub
304:Arabic
250:1248.
191:Málaga
160:Arabic
124:Fields
95:, now
69:, now
59:Málaga
1060:Works
739:"3.3"
468:Notes
343:Syrup
265:Works
232:Barqa
224:Tunis
216:Bugia
200:nisba
97:Syria
75:Spain
747:ISBN
672:ISBN
611:ISBN
580:ISBN
361:and
349:and
347:oils
234:and
185:Life
171:Arab
82:Died
55:1197
52:Born
427:as
391:of
351:fat
326:of
318:of
193:in
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764:.
741:.
728:.
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646:,
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625:.
588:.
507:^
476:^
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365:.
306::
290:c.
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230:,
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181:.
162::
138:,
134:,
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91:,
73:,
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61:,
1180:)
1176:(
1124:)
1120:(
798:e
791:t
784:v
755:.
650:.
562:.
535:.
519:.
413:.
341:(
302:(
158:(
20:)
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