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recognizing his or her identity as an
Autistic person. Referring to me as "a person with autism," or "an individual with ASD" demeans who I am because it denies who I am...When we say "person with autism," we say that it is unfortunate and an accident that a person is Autistic. We affirm that the person has value and worth, and that autism is entirely separate from what gives him or her value and worth. In fact, we are saying that autism is detrimental to value and worth as a person, which is why we separate the condition with the word "with" or "has." Ultimately, what we are saying when we say "person with autism" is that the person would be better off if not Autistic, and that it would have been better if he or she had been born typical.
1837:(3). "Be it resolved by the National Federation of the Blind in Convention assembled in the city of Dallas, Texas, this 9th day of July, 1993, that the following statement of policy be adopted: We believe that it is respectable to be blind, and although we have no particular pride in the fact of our blindness, neither do we have any shame in it. To the extent that euphemisms are used to convey any other concept or image, we deplore such use. We can make our own way in the world on equal terms with others, and we intend to do it."
935:
571:
43:
989:, person-first language has long been rejected. Instead, Deaf culture uses Deaf-first language since being culturally Deaf is a source of positive identity and pride. Correct terms to use for this group would be "Deaf person" or "hard of hearing person". The phrase "hearing impaired" is not acceptable to most Deaf or hard of hearing people because it emphasizes what they cannot do.
981:
in the US adopted a resolution condemning people-first language. The resolution dismissed the notion that "the word 'person' must invariably precede the word 'blind' to emphasize the fact that a blind person is first and foremost a person" as "totally unacceptable and pernicious" and resulting in the
846:
with respect to people-first language. Teenagers from a summer camp were divided into two groups. One group was asked questions using the term "people with epilepsy", and the other group was asked using the term "epileptics", with questions including "Do you think that people with epilepsy/epileptics
838:
In people-first language, preconceptions judged to be negative are thought to arise from placing the name of the condition before the term "person" or "people", such as "white person" or "Jewish people". Proponents of people-first language argue that this places an undue focus on the condition, which
809:. As of 2017, 5 U.S. medical societies had pledged for it, and use it in their communications: the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The Obesity Society, American Society of Bariatric Physicians, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
963:
In the autism community, many self-advocates and their allies prefer terminology such as "Autistic," "Autistic person," or "Autistic individual" because we understand autism as an inherent part of an individualâs identity...It is impossible to affirm the value and worth of an
Autistic person without
930:
The most common alternative to person-first language is usually called identity-first language. For example, while someone who advocates for person-first language might refer to a client as a "person with autism", that same client may prefer identity-first language, and ask to be called an "autistic
752:
The basic idea is to use a sentence structure that names the person first and the condition second, for example, "people with disabilities" rather than "disabled people" or "disabled," to emphasize that they are people first. Because it is a common practice in
English to place an adjective before a
748:
Rather than using labels to define individuals with a health issue, people-first language uses terminology that describes individuals as being diagnosed with an illness or disorder. People-first language puts the person before the diagnosis and describes what the person has, not what the person is.
1126:
Supportive housing needs of elderly and disabled persons: hearing before the
Subcommittee on Housing and Urban Affairs of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, first session on S. 566 ... the National Affordable Housing Act, June 2,
996:
and longtime activist for the blind, argues that since "in common usage positive pronouns usually precede nouns", "the awkwardness of the preferred language focuses on the disability in a new and potentially negative way". According to
Vaughan, it only serves to "focus on disability in an ungainly
770:
Recommendations and explanations to use person-first language date back as early as around 1960. In her classic textbook, Beatrice Wright (1960) began her rationale for avoiding the dangers of terminological short cuts like "disabled person" by citing studies from the field of semantics that "show
775:
ideas" (p. 7). She concludes her arguments thus: "Since physique does stimulate value judgments, it is particularly important to use expressions insofar as feasible that separate physical attributes from the total person" (p. 8). Another influential rehabilitation psychologist, Carolyn
931:
person". Others have proposed "person-centered language", which, instead of being a replacement linguistic rule, promotes prioritizing the preferences of those who are being referred to and argues for greater nuance in the language used to describe people and groups of people.
847:
have more difficulties at school?" and "Do you have prejudice toward people with epilepsy/epileptics?" The study showed that the teenagers had higher "stigma perception" on the Stigma Scale of
Epilepsy when hearing the phrase "epileptics" as opposed to "people with epilepsy".
946:
rejects person-first language, on the grounds that saying "person with autism" suggests that autism can be separated from the person. Identity-first language is preferred by many autistic people and organizations run by them. Some advocacy groups and organizations such as
877:
As of 2017, the rules of people-first language have become normative in US governmental institutions on the federal (e.g. CDC) and on state levels in the health departments' Developmental
Disabilities Councils e.g. Michigan West Virginia Idaho, Missouri Georgia, or Texas.
801:(1983), which stated in part, "We condemn attempts to label us as 'victims', a term which implies defeat, and we are only occasionally 'patients', a term which implies passivity, helplessness, and dependence upon the care of others. We are 'People With AIDS'."
704:
the condition as their prime identity as a human being. Advocates of person-first language point to the failure to mentally separate the person from the trait as reinforcing a sense that both the trait and the person are inherently bad or inferior, leading to
912:
instance (using âdisabled peopleâ rather than âpeople with a disability"), but remains ambivalent between people-first and identity-first languages in other examples (such as recommending âPeople with a learning disability or autistic peopleâ. The
1874:
804:
Use has been recommended in other increasingly common chronic conditions, such as asthma and diabetes. Non-profit organizations, such as the
Obesity Action Coalition have expanded advocacy for People-First Language to
917:
recommends people-first terminology such as âpeople with health conditions or impairmentsâ, but consents to the terms âdisabled peopleâ, âdeafâ, and âblindâ to reflect general acceptance by the relevant communities.
717:âmany years in which they are healthy and productiveâbut calling them a "substance abuser" reinforces an unspoken sense that they are inherently and permanently tainted, and casts doubt on maintenance of remission.
294:
1878:
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Vash, who also spoke from the perspective of her experience living with quadriplegia from polio, advanced similar arguments for person-first language in an unpublished address in 1959.
745:. People-first language can also be applied to any group that is defined by a condition rather than as a people: for example, "those that are homeless" rather than "the homeless."
1487:
1460:
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says that both people-first and identity-first language are acceptable, but stresses using the preferred style of the group or individuals involved (if they have one).
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but person-first language can also be more generally applied to any group that would otherwise be defined or mentally categorized by a condition or trait (for example,
756:
By using such a sentence structure, the speaker articulates the idea of a disability as a secondary attribute, not a characteristic of a person's identity. (See also:
1584:
Kenny L, Hattersley C, Mollins B, Buckley C, Povey C, Pellicano E (2016). "Which terms should be used to describe autism? Perspectives from the UK autism community".
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exact opposite of its purported aim, since "it is overly defensive, implies shame instead of true equality, and portrays the blind as touchy and belligerent".
609:
431:
696:" instead of "an alcoholic". The intention is that a person is seen foremost as a person and only secondly as a person with some trait, which does not
1719:
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284:
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also encourages âthe use of âpeople firstâ language; language that focuses first on the person, not the behaviour (e.g. people who use drugs).â
60:
1133:" â We join with many of our fellow advocacy organizations in emphasizing the importance of using 'people first' language throughout the Act.
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whilst also implicitly reinforcing a sense of permanency even regarding issues that are likely to be temporary. For example, a person with a
395:
1055:
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Critics have objected that people-first language is awkward, repetitive and makes for tiresome writing and reading. C. Edwin
Vaughan, a
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1406:
Iverson C, Christiansen S, Flanagin A, et al. AMA Manual of Style. 10th ed. New York, NY: Oxford
University Press; 2007:416â417.
835:. The hypothesis states that language use significantly shapes perceptions of the world, and forms ideological preconceptions.
1695:
1627:
Keating, Connor Tom; Hickman, Lydia; Leung, Joan; Monk, Ruth; Montgomery, Alicia; Heath, Hannah; Sowden, Sophie (2022-12-06).
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noun, the adjective might be replaced with a relative clause, e.g., from "an asthmatic person" to "a person who has asthma."
471:
323:
86:
64:
254:
1018:
279:
1167:
400:
93:
1974:
1629:"Autismârelated language preferences of English âspeaking individuals across the globe: A mixed methods investigation"
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641:, describing what condition a person "has" rather than asserting what a person "is". It is intended to avoid
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1129:: "All references to 'handicapped individuals' in the Act must be changed to 'people with disabilities
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and researchers, with "person who stutters" (PWS) replacing "stutterer". It has been used in
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that language is not merely an instrument for voicing ideas but that it also plays a role in
1650:
1640:
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1205:
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642:
512:
507:
371:
244:
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1327:. Michigan Developmental Disabilities Council, October 12, 2016 7pp, retrieved 13 Dec 2017
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distracts from the humanity of the members of the community of people with the condition.
681:
658:
346:
1325:
People First Language In Proposals for Michigan Developmental Disabilities Council Grants
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1628:
1002:
786:
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405:
17:
1936:
La Forge, Jan. "Preferred language practice in professional rehabilitation journals".
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1953:
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Lynn, V. A. (2017). Language and HIV communication. HIV/AIDS (Auckland, NZ), 9, 183."
948:
914:
794:
650:
361:
209:
1946:
Lynn, V. A. (2017). Language and HIV communication. HIV/AIDS (Auckland, NZ), 9, 183.
1613:
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and Disability Is Natural support using people-first language. Others including the
1523:
1235:
1113:
986:
919:
734:
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481:
425:
351:
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new way" and "calls attention to a person as having some type of 'marred identity
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42:
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871:
638:
356:
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1605:
1227:
680:
In contrast to identity-first language, person-first language avoids using
1488:"Inclusive language: words to use and avoid when writing about disability"
860:
Some U.S. organizations like the United Spinal Association have published
843:
1547:"On "Person-First Language": It's Time to Actually Put the Person First"
1780:
806:
486:
162:
1655:
1828:"The Pitfalls of Treating people with respect: Euphemisms Excoriated"
1645:
1492:
1360:
Missouri Department of mental health, 1p, retrieved 13 December 2017
1192:
Fernandes, Paula T.; De Barros, Nelson F.; Li, Li M. (2009-05-01).
1516:"Language Matters: communicating about people, alcohol, and drugs"
1026:
933:
1373:
Georgia Developmental Disabilities Council, retrieved 13 Dec 2017
1700:
Think Inclusive, Maryland Coalition for Inclusive Education, Inc
1009:, a person "is" disabled by societal and environmental factors.
714:
1696:"Why Person-First Language Doesn't Always Put the Person First"
1152:. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Archived from
36:
1850:
Culturally Competent Practice: A Framework for Understanding
1419:. Life Span Institute, University of Kansas. Archived from
789:
in the United States. The usage has been widely adopted by
864:
guides, which prescribe people-first language. The 2007
1056:"Communicating With and About People with Disabilities"
842:
A 2008 experiment researched teenagers' perception of
688:
to define someone, using terms such as "a person with
1313:
Communicating With and About People with Disabilities
1901:"Community and Culture â Frequently Asked Questions"
1461:"Making information and the words we use accessible"
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1337:Policy on People First Language, Approved 10/10/95
1289:"Being Sensitive about Disabilities and Illnesses"
1417:"Shaping attitudes through person-first language"
1574:. Autism Mythbusters. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
1103:
1101:
961:
737:and is sometimes referred to (for example, by
729:. It aims to avoid perceived and subconscious
1092:Physical disability: A psychological approach
603:
8:
1388:Texas Council for developmental disabilities
692:" instead of "a diabetic" or "a person with
1267:"Tools for Reporters: Disability Etiquette"
1922:"People-First Language: An Unholy Crusade"
1060:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
610:
596:
138:
1875:"Terminology Describing Deaf Individuals"
1654:
1644:
1209:
881:As of 2007, it has been a requirement in
831:is the basis for ideologically motivated
785:first appeared in 1988 as recommended by
713:has a fair chance of achieving long-term
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1047:
141:
27:Putting the person before the diagnosis
1877:. Gallaudet University. Archived from
938:Autistic Person and Person With Autism
202:Individualized Education Program (IEP)
1572:"Why I dislike person-first language"
1449:. American Psychological Association.
1168:"Weight Bias - People-First Language"
477:Disabled Peoples' International (DPI)
7:
1339:West Virginia, retrieved 13 Dec 2017
396:Social Security Disability Insurance
65:adding citations to reliable sources
1924:. National Federation of the Blind.
1150:"Resource on Person-First Language"
725:People-first language is a type of
1903:. National Association of the Deaf
1255:. United Spinal Association. 2011.
874:prescribed people-first language.
440:Ontario Disability Support Program
25:
1853:. Cengage Learning. p. 441.
1826:Jernigan, Kenneth (March 2009).
1791:from the original on 2001-05-02.
1756:"What is People First Language?"
1211:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01899.x
979:National Federation of the Blind
700:define their essence; it avoids
657:) when discussing people with a
570:
569:
467:National Telecommuting Institute
41:
1315:CDC n.d., retrieved 13 Dec 2017
1148:Folkins, John (December 1992).
52:needs additional citations for
1808:Autistic Self Advocacy Network
1349:2pp retrieved 13 December 2017
1005:'s theory of identity. In the
957:Autistic Self Advocacy Network
665:. It can be seen as a type of
472:Society for Disability Studies
324:Unlicensed assistive personnel
1:
1938:The Journal of Rehabilitation
1094:. New York: Harper & Row.
1021:, regarding the placement of
1019:Head-directionality parameter
741:'s style guide) as a type of
637:which puts a person before a
791:speech-language pathologists
733:when discussing people with
401:Supplemental Security Income
163:Ableism / Disablism
1802:Brown, Lydia (2012-03-02).
416:Disabled students allowance
411:Disability Living Allowance
1991:
1920:Vaughan, C. Edwin (1997).
1694:Emily Ladau (2015-07-20).
1007:social model of disability
816:
275:Disability rights movement
29:
1804:"Identity First Language"
1295:. John Wiley & Sons.
904:âs style guide calls for
833:linguistic prescriptivism
819:Linguistic prescriptivism
421:Disabled Persons Railcard
1970:Linguistic controversies
1598:10.1177/1362361315588200
1549:. Radical Copyeditor.com
1172:Obesity Action Coalition
1037:Psychological distancing
434:the Severely Handicapped
390:Socioeconomic assistance
300:Sexuality and disability
30:Not to be confused with
1781:"Disability is Natural"
1384:"People First Language"
1269:. United Cerebral Palsy
1194:"Stop saying epileptic"
926:Identity-first language
906:identity-first language
759:Distancing (psychology)
727:linguistic prescription
635:linguistic prescription
554:Disability in the media
76:"People-first language"
18:Identity-first language
1545:Kapitan, Alex (2017).
1250:"Disability Etiquette"
1109:"Letter to the editor"
975:
939:
829:SapirâWhorf hypothesis
711:substance use disorder
544:Disability in the arts
362:Physical accessibility
1785:Disability is Natural
1371:People First Language
1293:Etiquette for Dummies
1032:Political correctness
937:
782:people-first language
631:person-first language
623:People-first language
290:People-first language
268:Societal implications
32:first-person language
862:disability etiquette
823:Language and thought
743:disability etiquette
667:disability etiquette
357:Orthotics and braces
342:Assistive technology
61:improve this article
1847:Lum, Doman (2010).
1736:on 19 December 2016
1720:"AFYO about Autism"
1127:1989, Volumes 22â23
1090:Wright, BA (1960).
883:AMA Manual of Style
797:, appearing in the
318:Personal assistance
225:Learning disability
1975:1988 introductions
940:
432:Assured Income for
1287:Fox, Sue (2007).
1117:(3059â3062). 1988
887:academic journals
799:Denver Principles
620:
619:
377:Web accessibility
337:Accessible toilet
220:Special education
158:Disability theory
151:Theory and models
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16:(Redirected from
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1965:Sociolinguistics
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1204:(5): 1280â1283.
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1156:on May 11, 2015.
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959:do not, saying:
942:Autism activist
851:Usage guidelines
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513:Paralympic Games
508:Special Olympics
372:Universal design
295:Pejorative terms
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1062:. 29 April 2020
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59:Please help
54:verification
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1943:(1): 49â51.
1466:NHS England
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970:Lydia Brown
902:NHS England
867:For Dummies
739:NHS England
651:consciously
518:Deaflympics
367:Prosthetics
1954:Categories
1907:2014-05-22
1813:2022-08-05
1705:2022-08-05
1656:2292/68400
1393:2022-08-05
1178:2022-08-05
1121:2022-08-05
1043:References
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721:Definition
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694:alcoholism
686:adjectives
675:appearance
673:, age, or
663:disability
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500:Parasports
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1960:Etiquette
1765:7 January
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1681:254429317
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813:Rationale
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715:remission
639:diagnosis
280:Inclusion
191:Education
1885:June 29,
1789:Archived
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1530:7 August
1500:7 August
1472:7 August
1427:June 29,
1273:June 29,
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1013:See also
967:â
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690:diabetes
649:(either
245:Physical
1760:The Arc
1553:July 5,
1236:8342766
1066:5 April
953:The Arc
807:obesity
773:shaping
766:History
537:Culture
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