236:
included in an accusation filed by a family member of a military officer against over one hundred people, who supposedly committed disappearances, and participated in genocide and terrorism against society between 1960 and 1985. Despite the evidence that Hernández presented to the court confirming that she was a minor and for part of that time was living in Mexico, the cases remain open. In 2016, after she filed a complaint about a military parade, Hernández and other activists began receiving death and rape threats through social media. In August of that year, another family member of a military officer, filed an accusation against Hernández claiming that she had made a death threat. The
Protection Unit for Human Rights Defenders of Guatemala discovered that the case had initially been filed giving an incorrect address for Hernández's notification and a first hearing had occurred in June without her knowledge. They pointed out to the court that the case appeared to be a revitalization for work Hernández had done to document cases of human rights violations by military personnel. None of the cases had been resolved by 2019.
204:
joined in 2004, by the Centro Para la Acción Legal en
Derechos Humanos (CALDH, Center for Human Rights Legal Action), Hijos e Hijas por la Identidad y la Justicia y Contra el Olvido y el Silencio (HIJOS, Sons and Daughters for Identity and Justice and Against Forgetting and Silence) and the Oficina de Derechos Humanos del Arzobispado de Guatemala (ODHAG, Human Rights Office of the Archbishop of Guatemala) to digitize the records and prevent their destruction. Because of the urgency of the work and the lack of international funding, the context of the images on the more than seven hundred discs were lost, meaning that they were not recorded in sequence or with regard to their relationship to other documents. Despite the problems associated with the preservation, SEDEM and GAM, the two NGOs which remained until the completion of the project, came to be associated with the stewardship of the archives, rather than the official government entity charged with document preservation, the Archivo General de Centroamérica (AGCA, General Archive of Central America).
216:
authority to investigate, while actually bringing cases in the courts was the responsibility of the Public
Ministry. Morales took charge of securing the records to prevent them being discarded or destroyed. Because neither the Archivo General de Centroamérica (AGCA, General Archive of Central America) nor the PDH had sufficient funds or adequate trained personnel to process the archives in a professional manner, the PDH called on volunteers from human rights groups including SEDEM and GAM to assist in organizing the materials. Gaining financial support from international archivists, the groups were able to process the archives for scientific preservation while balancing the need to address the human rights investigations in a timely manner. SEDEM paid for staff to be hired to assist in processing the records.
227:, made a public demand for access to the records and Hernández campaigned for passage of legislation. In 2008, the Guatemalan Congress approved the Ley de Libre Acceso a la Información Pública (Law of Free Access to Public Information), opening the records to the public in 2009. Since that time, Hernández has organized seminars and workshops on both the national and international level to provide training on security reform and implementation of democratic controls. She has worked with organizations like the
123:, hoping to assist families in gaining information to prosecute human rights violations which occurred during the war. In 2000, she co-founded an NGO, Seguridad em Democracia (SEDEM, Security in Democracy), with the goals of helping victims of the war and reestablishing processes which would facilitate democracy and reform in Guatemala. Between 2003 and 2007, she worked on projects to protect and digitize the archival records of the Estado Mayor Presidencial (EMP, Presidential General Staff) and the
143:, Guatemala in 1955. She grew up in a working-class family with five siblings and was encouraged to read rather than watch television by her father. Her mother operated a food stall and was a seamstress. She sewed aprons, which the children sold in the marketplace to help with the family income. At the age of eight, the National Civil Police raided the family home because her father had been reported by a neighbor. Hernández became interested in human rights activism in 1975, while attending the
199:, Seguridad em Democracia (SEDEM, Security in Democracy). Through the organization, she carries out research into atrocities committed during the war, seeks resolution for victims of state violence, and works to improve the processes of democracy and reform in Guatemala. In 2003, Grupo de Apoyo Mutuo (GAM, Mutual Support Group), an association dedicated to helping those with
188:, heading their analysis department. As an expert witness in the case to investigate and prosecute those who murdered Mack, a protection order was issued because of threats to her safety and remained in place from 2003 to 2009. As soon as the protective order was released, new threats were made against Hernández and her staff, which prompted the
215:
which had been stored by the Policía
Nacional Civil (PNC, National Civil Police), during the dictatorship in Guatemala. Sergio Morales, the ombudsman for PDH, called for special authority to be given to his office to prosecute violations which the records might document. Typically the office only had
203:
family members, and SEDEM worked with the
Procuraduría de los Derechos Humanos (PDH, Human Rights Ombudsman's Office) to assist in processing the archives of the Estado Mayor Presidencial (EMP, Presidential General Staff), when the EMP was dissolved as per requirements of the Peace Accords. They were
231:
in
Washington D.C. to establish protocols for declassifying information related to Guatemala and the systems the state implemented in the name of security. She has been involved in pressing for legislation to protect on-going monitoring and auditing of state institutions to ensure transparency, and
130:
Hernández has written numerous reports analyzing the war and the processes necessary re-establish systems which offer both transparency and provide for state security within a democratic framework. She has also conducted training on both national and an international level for the implementation of
103:
and rebuilding the structures to support the country's democracy. In her childhood, her father was threatened by the
National Civil Police and her husband was killed in 1984. She interrupted her education after his murder and moved to Mexico, living in exile there and working as a journalist until
171:
in 1990. Many of her articles focused on the war and counterinsurgency and she interviewed some of the key people involved in military intelligence. Though her investigations drew criticism and threats from some factions, in 1995, she was awarded the Premio
Centroamericano de Peridismo (Central
235:
Hernández has faced three prosecutions for allegations of participation in the atrocities committed during the Civil War. In
December 2011, she was among a group of fifty-one people accused of kidnappings, murders, and tortures, which occurred between 1965 and 1980. In April 2012, she was also
232:
implement procedures to ensure that government operatives are not granted impunity for their actions. In her research, she focuses on corruption and institutions and methods to protect society, which have resulted in numerous threats against her and other staff at SEDEM.
127:. Because she believed the public had a right to access the records, she was among the activists who successfully pressed for the passage of the 2008 Ley de Libre Acceso a la Información Pública (Law of Free Access to Public Information).
99:(born 1955) is a Guatemalan journalist and internationally-known human rights activist. Her work has involved analyzing democracy and state security. Specifically, her research has focused on the violence which occurred during the
343:
1054:
883:
155:. At the time, she was continuing her studies for a degree in psychology, but was unable to complete her education. Fleeing the country, she went into exile in Mexico, where she remained until 1989.
792:[Life Stories of Women Human Rights Defenders Guatemala] (Report) (in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Unidad de Protección a Defensoras y Defensores de Derechos Humanos de Guatemala
131:
processes to ensure that security services are balanced. Her work has resulted in numerous threats against her safety and intervention from international human rights organizations.
1114:
839:
331:
275:
1129:
999:
1144:
1134:
192:
to urge
Guatemala to guarantee the safety of the activists and keep the commission advised of measures to prevent future endangerment of human rights defenders.
1046:
814:
173:
856:
1124:
911:
189:
1149:
1139:
246:
Hernández, Iduvina (2002). "Capítulo 4: El proceso POLSEDE – una mirada desde dentro ". In Arévalo, Bernardo; Beltrán, José; Fluri, Philipp (eds.).
387:
311:
144:
72:
1154:
949:
269:
224:
971:
223:
of GAM and their organizations were excluded from discussion of what would become of the archives, as well as access to them. Montenegro, a
831:
1159:
915:
181:
116:
247:
1026:
339:
212:
177:
124:
112:
967:
167:, Hernández began working as a journalist. In 1989, she returned to Guatemala and began working as a journalist for the magazine
1119:
1030:
987:
806:
375:
299:
228:
788:
Ardón, Patricia; Orantes, Roxana; Pellecer, Carmen Lucía (August 2012). Samayoa Pineda, Claudia Virginia (ed.).
104:
1989. After her return to Guatemala, Hernández wrote articles focused on the war and counterinsurgency for
1109:
200:
995:
941:
1081:(in Spanish). Vol. 8, no. 393. Guatemala City, Guatemala: Editorial Anahté. 15 September 1995
363:
287:
1104:
152:
100:
789:
959:
290:[Central America: The Current Challenges of the Framework Treaty on Democratic Security]
1053:(in Spanish). Paris, France: Federación Internacional por los derechos humanos. 31 August 2016.
430:
428:
426:
424:
422:
420:
945:
875:
871:
379:
303:
265:
220:
903:
838:(in Italian). Milan, Italy: Centro de Estudios, Formación e Información de América Latina.
184:. After their work concluded and a report was issued, in 1999, she began working for the
208:
140:
60:
1049:[Guatemala: Judicial Harassment against Iduvina Estalinova Hernández Batres].
1098:
1047:"Guatemala: Hostigamiento judicial en contra de Iduvina Estalinova Hernández Batres"
1018:
151:. Upon graduating, Hernández married, but her husband was killed in 1984 during the
449:
447:
445:
443:
22:
1070:
334:[Rocky Road: Advances and Challenges of Intelligence Reform in Guatemala]
286:
Hernández, Iduvina (October 2011). Mathieu, Hans; Niño Guarnizo, Catalina (eds.).
434:
288:"Centroamérica: los desafíos actuales del Tratado Marco de Seguridad Democrática"
164:
906:[Annual report of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 2009]
185:
180:
were finally signed in 1996, Hernández worked as a staff investigator for the
120:
879:
383:
307:
332:
Camino rocoso: Avances y desafíos de la reforma de inteligencia en Guatemala
148:
767:
765:
362:
Hernández Batres, Iduvina (November 2013). Niño Guarnizo, Catalina (ed.).
790:
Historias de Vida de Mujeres Defensoras de los Derechos Humanos Guatemala
935:
26:
752:
750:
590:
588:
832:"Guatemala: una lunga strada verso la riconciliazione (parte finale)"
725:
723:
453:
261:
904:
Informe anual de la Comisión Interamericana De Derechos Humanos 2009
478:
476:
474:
366:[Guatemala: Violence and Authoritarianism, a Dangerous Mix]
372:
Anuario 2013 de la seguridad regional en América Latina y el Caribe
296:
Anuario 2011 de la seguridad regional en América Latina y el Caribe
207:
In June 2005, an explosion at the Mariscal Zavala Military Base in
195:
In 2000, Hernández co-founded and became executive director for an
834:[Guatemala: A Long Road to Reconciliation (Final Part)].
864:
Loyola of Los Angeles International & Comparative Law Review
555:
176:
for her work on Guatemalan refugees living in Mexico. When the
902:
Mejía Guerrero, Luz Patricia; et al. (30 December 2009).
855:
Cossart-Daly, Elise (2014). Kim, Grace; Meise, Sascha (eds.).
196:
364:"Guatemala: Violencia y autoritarismo , una mezcla peligrosa"
211:, caused by improperly stored explosives, revealed a massive
990:[Challenge the Power, Combat the Discrimination]
937:
Paper Cadavers: The Archives of Dictatorship in Guatemala
960:"April 23 – May 9: Speaking Tour with Iduvina Hernandez"
435:
Federación Internacional por los derechos humanos 2016
771:
756:
594:
512:
510:
497:
495:
493:
491:
147:, from which she graduated in 1980, with a degree in
809:[Freedom of expression: Iduvina Hernández].
741:
729:
528:
482:
465:
254:
Towards a Security Policy for Democracy in Guatemala
86:
78:
68:
49:
42:
249:Hacia una política de seguridad para la democracia
219:After the recovery of the records, Hernández and
115:were accepted in 1996, Hernández worked with the
139:Iduvina Estalinova Hernández Batres was born in
33: and the second or maternal family name is
16:Guatemalan journalist and human rights activist
579:
1115:Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala alumni
988:Desafiar al poder, combatir la discriminación
174:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
8:
567:
807:"Libertad de expresión: Iduvina Hernández"
454:Guatemala Human Rights Commission/USA 2012
39:
1025:(in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala:
912:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
910:(Report) (in Spanish). Washington, D.C.:
813:(in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala.
338:(Report) (in Spanish). Washington, D.C.:
190:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
1130:Guatemalan women human rights activists
540:
516:
501:
416:
1005:from the original on 11 September 2022
817:from the original on 16 September 2021
172:American Prize for Journalism) by the
145:Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala
73:Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala
1145:21st-century Guatemalan women writers
1135:20th-century Guatemalan women writers
330:Hernández, Iduvina (September 2005).
317:from the original on 1 September 2022
7:
1057:from the original on 19 January 2022
974:from the original on 25 October 2019
889:from the original on 30 October 2020
842:from the original on 20 January 2021
714:
702:
690:
678:
666:
654:
642:
630:
618:
606:
556:Universidad Francisco Marroquín 2009
998:. 1 October 2019. ACT 30/1139/201.
914:. report #OEA/Ser.L/V/II, Doc. 51.
182:Historical Clarification Commission
117:Historical Clarification Commission
54:Iduvina Estalinova Hernández Batres
1033:from the original on 2 August 2021
921:from the original on 3 August 2022
742:Ardón, Orantes & Pellecer 2012
730:Ardón, Orantes & Pellecer 2012
529:Ardón, Orantes & Pellecer 2012
483:Ardón, Orantes & Pellecer 2012
466:Ardón, Orantes & Pellecer 2012
393:from the original on 31 March 2022
349:from the original on 11 April 2022
340:Washington Office on Latin America
281:from the original on 8 March 2022.
14:
1125:Guatemalan human rights activists
968:Guatemala Human Rights Commission
830:Bottoni, Simona (4 August 2017).
805:Arreaga, Stef (30 January 2019).
82:Journalist, human rights activist
374:(in Spanish). Bogotá, Colombia:
298:(in Spanish). Bogotá, Colombia:
1150:21st-century Guatemalan writers
1140:20th-century Guatemalan writers
1027:Universidad Francisco Marroquín
994:(Report) (in Spanish). London:
857:"Myrna Mack Chang v. Guatemala"
1:
1155:Guatemalan women journalists
25:, the first or paternal
870:. Los Angeles, California:
570:, pp. 1429, 1450–1451.
57:1955 (age 68–69)
1176:
1160:People from Guatemala City
1073:[In House Prizes]
940:. Durham, North Carolina:
772:Amnesty International 2019
757:Amnesty International 2019
595:Amnesty International 2019
376:Friedrich Ebert Foundation
300:Friedrich Ebert Foundation
20:
260:(in Spanish). Guatemala:
229:National Security Archive
135:Early life and education
125:National Police Archives
1120:Guatemalan journalists
934:Weld, Kirsten (2014).
996:Amnesty International
942:Duke University Press
186:Myrna Mack Foundation
121:Myrna Mack Foundation
966:. Washington, D.C.:
213:archive of documents
153:Guatemalan Civil War
101:Guatemalan Civil War
1019:"Iduvina Hernández"
580:Mejía Guerrero 2009
811:Prensa Comunitaria
774:, pp. 26, 38.
693:, pp. 41, 43.
621:, pp. 37, 65.
264:. pp. 79–96.
163:After arriving in
119:and then with the
1071:"Premios en casa"
951:978-0-8223-5597-7
872:Loyola Law School
744:, pp. 45–46.
681:, pp. 35–37.
645:, pp. 66–67.
568:Cossart-Daly 2014
271:978-99922-66-63-2
221:Nineth Montenegro
97:Iduvina Hernández
94:
93:
87:Years active
44:Iduvina Hernández
1167:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1042:
1040:
1038:
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1012:
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40:
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1074:
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1034:
1029:. 11 May 2009.
1017:
1008:
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1002:
991:
986:
977:
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958:
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69:Alma mater
64:
58:
56:
55:
45:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1173:
1171:
1163:
1162:
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1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1067:
1043:
1015:
984:
970:. April 2012.
956:
950:
931:
899:
852:
827:
802:
784:
782:
779:
777:
776:
761:
746:
734:
719:
717:, p. 222.
707:
695:
683:
671:
659:
647:
635:
623:
611:
599:
584:
572:
560:
548:
533:
521:
506:
487:
470:
458:
439:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
404:
403:
359:
327:
283:
270:
241:
240:Selected works
238:
209:Guatemala City
160:
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141:Guatemala City
136:
133:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
61:Guatemala City
59:
53:
51:
47:
46:
43:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1172:
1161:
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1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1110:Living people
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1080:
1072:
1068:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1001:
997:
989:
985:
973:
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965:
961:
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953:
947:
943:
939:
938:
932:
917:
913:
905:
900:
885:
881:
877:
874:: 1429–1454.
873:
869:
865:
858:
853:
841:
837:
833:
828:
816:
812:
808:
803:
791:
786:
785:
780:
773:
768:
766:
762:
759:, p. 26.
758:
753:
751:
747:
743:
738:
735:
732:, p. 40.
731:
726:
724:
720:
716:
711:
708:
705:, p. 37.
704:
699:
696:
692:
687:
684:
680:
675:
672:
669:, p. 33.
668:
663:
660:
657:, p. 32.
656:
651:
648:
644:
639:
636:
633:, p. 66.
632:
627:
624:
620:
615:
612:
609:, p. 58.
608:
603:
600:
597:, p. 38.
596:
591:
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585:
582:, p. 55.
581:
576:
573:
569:
564:
561:
557:
552:
549:
545:
543:
537:
534:
531:, p. 44.
530:
525:
522:
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513:
511:
507:
503:
498:
496:
494:
492:
488:
485:, p. 42.
484:
479:
477:
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471:
468:, p. 43.
467:
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459:
455:
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225:congresswoman
222:
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183:
179:
178:Peace Accords
175:
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113:Peace Accords
109:
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89:
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79:Occupation(s)
77:
74:
71:
67:
62:
52:
48:
41:
36:
32:
28:
24:
19:
1085:10 September
1083:. Retrieved
1078:
1061:10 September
1059:. Retrieved
1050:
1037:11 September
1035:. Retrieved
1023:newmedia.ufm
1022:
1009:11 September
1007:. Retrieved
978:11 September
976:. Retrieved
964:ghrc-usa.org
963:
936:
925:11 September
923:. Retrieved
893:11 September
891:. Retrieved
867:
863:
846:10 September
844:. Retrieved
835:
821:10 September
819:. Retrieved
810:
796:11 September
794:. Retrieved
781:Bibliography
737:
710:
698:
686:
674:
662:
650:
638:
626:
614:
602:
575:
563:
551:
546:, p. 4.
541:
536:
524:
517:Arreaga 2019
502:Bottoni 2017
461:
397:11 September
395:. Retrieved
371:
353:10 September
351:. Retrieved
321:11 September
319:. Retrieved
295:
253:
248:
234:
218:
206:
194:
168:
162:
138:
129:
110:
105:
96:
95:
90:1975–present
34:
30:
23:Spanish name
18:
1105:1955 births
378:: 124–134.
201:disappeared
165:Mexico City
108:magazine.
63:, Guatemala
1099:Categories
836:Panorámica
407:References
880:1533-5860
715:Weld 2014
703:Weld 2014
691:Weld 2014
679:Weld 2014
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