215:
regrouped in the early 1970s near the
Leonardo Villas-Boas Indigenous Post (2003). By the 1980s, they had moved to the middle Xingu region, and currently administer the Pavuru Indigenous Post, as well as the Ronuro Vigilance Post, which is near their traditional land on the Jabotá river (2003). From this post, they help defend the Xingu Park from illegal loggers and fishermen (Campetela, 1997). The Ikpeng made an expedition in 2002 to the Jabotá River to collect medicinal plants and shells. They currently seek to regain this territory (Menget & Troncarelli, 2003).
165:(Rodgers, 2013). By 1850, the Ikpeng were known to inhabit an area of converging rivers thought to be the Teles Pires-Juruena river basin (Menget & Troncarelli, 2003). Before 1900, the Ikpeng were at war with several polities, and even encountered settlers of European descent (2003). War and the colonization of the Teles Pires-Juruena basin pushed the Ikpeng across the Formosa Mountain formation and into the Upper Xingu Basin (2003). In 1960, the Ikpeng kidnapped two girls from the
76:
766:
64:
256:
Members of the Ikpeng community are involved with the Vídeo nas
Aldeias project based in Brazil. Ikpeng filmmakers that have received their training through Vídeo nas Aldeias include Karané Ikpeng, Kumaré Ikpeng, and Natuyu Yuwipo Txicão. Natuyu Yuwipo Txicão is the first indigenous woman to join the
214:
rivers and, when they were found malnourished and exposed to disease, they accepted resources and later relocation to the Xingu
National Park in 1967 (Menget & Troncarelli, 2003). The Ikpeng dispersed for a short time, with different family groups living in different parts of the park, but later
193:
had heard from native informants the Ikpeng were suffering from disease after a brutal enemy attack and that the Ikpeng shamans had failed to cure this disease. The informants told
Orlando and Cláudio that it was not uncommon for the Ikpeng to kill their shamans if they fail to expel diseases. So,
227:
within their community (Campetela, 1997). In 1994, Ikpeng teachers developed a form of writing with the help of linguists (Menget & Troncarelli, 2003). This was done through the
Instituto Socioambiental’s Teacher Training program, which has allowed Ikpeng children to learn their own language
228:
alongside
Portuguese in the Ikpeng School (2003). This school plays a central role in the project, and it is responsible for the creation of material and distribution of this material for Ikpeng communities within the Xingu Park (2003).
257:
Vídeo nas
Aldeias project. Notable Ikpeng films include Marangmotxíngmo Mïrang: From the Ikpeng Children to the World (2001), Moyngo, the Dream of Maragareum (2000), and Pïrinop, My First Contact (2007).
173:) to their tribe. The Wauja tribe also attacked the Ikpeng in an unsuccessful attempt to the get the two girls back, and as a result of disease and war, the population of the Ikpeng was cut in half.
754:
377:
1972:
747:
1967:
732:
367:
1962:
740:
404:
182:
651:
770:
1529:
659:
1138:
881:
194:
the brothers decided to act by airdropping gifts to the Ikpeng, who were startled by the presence of the airplane.
1818:
1378:
1232:
1059:
641:
203:
190:
1957:
1876:
584:
1444:
1148:
509:
413:
129:
140:
The Ikpeng are also called Txicão, Txikão, Txikân, Chicao, Tunuli, Tonore, Chicão, or Tchicão people.
1894:
1814:
861:
788:
636:
539:
1607:
1221:
397:
363:
1752:
1602:
1866:
1702:
1697:
1632:
1158:
1153:
444:
372:
339:
1838:
1830:
1765:
1667:
1597:
1469:
1459:
1329:
631:
579:
559:
534:
517:
1464:
1902:
1856:
1687:
1677:
1657:
1577:
1572:
1487:
1398:
1211:
1168:
1097:
1029:
994:
569:
564:
549:
132:
in Mato Grosso, Brazil. They had a population of 459 in 2010, up from a low of 50 in 1969.
1928:
1907:
1682:
1627:
1421:
1291:
574:
554:
544:
528:
522:
469:
439:
237:
186:
94:
31:
1785:
1780:
1770:
1612:
1549:
1112:
679:
211:
1775:
1727:
1692:
1647:
1587:
1281:
1258:
1178:
1044:
1009:
989:
964:
720:
669:
479:
459:
390:
312:
1951:
1912:
1790:
1712:
1707:
1672:
1652:
1622:
1617:
1505:
1449:
1426:
1416:
1102:
1064:
1034:
954:
929:
856:
851:
823:
713:
664:
626:
484:
464:
454:
449:
434:
421:
1848:
1722:
1248:
934:
924:
800:
706:
684:
489:
429:
207:
166:
158:
813:
1564:
1436:
1344:
1311:
1227:
1203:
1173:
1039:
999:
984:
944:
914:
833:
818:
689:
674:
357:
154:
153:
The Ikpeng were known to inhabit the same land as the
Txipaya peoples, near the
81:
282:
1732:
1662:
1497:
1479:
1349:
1118:
1092:
1074:
894:
808:
610:
494:
474:
240:. They also fish and farm. Their primary crops include cotton, gourds, maize,
162:
1263:
1193:
17:
1760:
1454:
1321:
1301:
1243:
1143:
979:
828:
600:
224:
170:
1861:
1637:
1554:
1334:
1128:
1107:
974:
899:
1737:
1541:
1408:
1339:
1306:
1238:
1163:
1069:
1019:
1014:
939:
909:
889:
843:
499:
128:(also known as Txikāo) are an indigenous community that now lives in the
382:
1884:
1742:
1717:
1354:
1286:
1273:
1216:
1183:
1084:
1049:
1004:
919:
871:
866:
157:, and they had a strong alliance with that group in times of war. One
1642:
1592:
1253:
1188:
1133:
1123:
1054:
1024:
959:
949:
904:
774:
765:
605:
241:
116:
69:
1582:
1390:
1296:
969:
330:, First Edition, Crown Publishers, United States, 2011, p. 227-228
252:
Involvement in the Video nas
Aldeias/Video in the Villages project
245:
189:, a few days before October 19, 1964 (the date of first contact),
1811:
1526:
1375:
785:
736:
386:
210:
in Mato Grosso (Pacheco, 2005). They lived near the Ronuro and
373:
Link to
Portuguese Knowledge (XXG) site for Vídeo nas Aldeias
202:
A few days after the alleged airdrop, on October 19, 1964,
206:
encountered Ikpeng villages as they were flying over the
328:
The Unconquered: In Search of the Amazon's Lost Tribes
286:
Instituto Socioambiental: Povos Indígenas no Brasil.
161:
traces the Ikpeng ancestral territory as far as the
1921:
1893:
1875:
1847:
1829:
1751:
1563:
1540:
1496:
1478:
1435:
1407:
1389:
1320:
1272:
1202:
1083:
880:
842:
799:
698:
650:
619:
593:
508:
420:
110:
100:
88:
55:
45:
223:By the 1990s, the Ikpeng began to elaborate an
748:
398:
169:, who brought a non-native disease (possibly
8:
40:
1826:
1808:
1537:
1523:
1386:
1372:
796:
782:
755:
741:
733:
405:
391:
383:
39:
378:Guardian article depicting Ikpeng people
308:
306:
304:
302:
300:
298:
296:
294:
278:
276:
274:
272:
270:
266:
368:National Museum of the American Indian
7:
56:Regions with significant populations
25:
1973:Hunter-gatherers of South America
1968:Indigenous peoples of the Amazon
764:
74:
62:
204:Orlando and Cláudio Villas-Boas
191:Orlando and Cláudio Villas-Boas
318:2009. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
1:
181:According to a story told to
1963:Indigenous peoples in Brazil
360:on Instituto Socioambiental
177:Alleged Gifts From the West
106:traditional tribal religion
1989:
1813:Indigenous peoples of the
1528:Indigenous peoples of the
1377:Indigenous peoples of the
787:Indigenous peoples of the
29:
1825:
1807:
1536:
1522:
1385:
1371:
795:
781:
340:Video nas Aldeias website
115:
105:
93:
60:
50:
288:Retrieved 28 March 2012
283:"Ikpeng: Introduction."
198:Contact and Relocation
30:For the language, see
414:Xingu Indigenous Park
130:Xingu Indigenous Park
111:Related ethnic groups
642:Villas-Bôas brothers
637:Karl von den Steinen
1530:Central-West Region
42:
1753:Mato Grosso do Sul
771:Indigenous peoples
236:Ikpeng people are
1945:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1819:Southeast Regions
1803:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:
730:
729:
122:
121:
16:(Redirected from
1980:
1827:
1809:
1538:
1524:
1387:
1379:Northeast Region
1373:
797:
783:
769:
768:
757:
750:
743:
734:
407:
400:
393:
384:
342:
337:
331:
325:
319:
310:
289:
280:
238:hunter-gatherers
225:education system
80:
78:
77:
68:
66:
65:
46:Total population
43:
21:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1933:
1917:
1889:
1871:
1843:
1821:
1795:
1747:
1559:
1532:
1510:
1492:
1474:
1431:
1403:
1381:
1359:
1316:
1268:
1198:
1079:
876:
838:
791:
777:
763:
761:
731:
726:
694:
646:
615:
589:
504:
416:
411:
354:
348:
346:
345:
338:
334:
326:
322:
311:
292:
281:
268:
263:
254:
234:
221:
200:
187:Sydney Possuelo
179:
151:
146:
138:
75:
73:
63:
61:
38:
35:
32:Ikpeng language
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1986:
1984:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1950:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1881:
1879:
1877:Santa Catarina
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1835:
1833:
1831:Espírito Santo
1823:
1822:
1812:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1766:Guarani-Kaiowá
1763:
1757:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1693:Kĩsêdjê (Suyá)
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1546:
1544:
1534:
1533:
1527:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1484:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1470:Gavião-Pykobjê
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1393:
1383:
1382:
1376:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1259:Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
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1146:
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987:
982:
977:
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932:
927:
922:
917:
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869:
864:
859:
854:
848:
846:
840:
839:
837:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
805:
803:
793:
792:
786:
779:
778:
762:
760:
759:
752:
745:
737:
728:
727:
725:
724:
721:The Hyperwomen
717:
710:
702:
700:
696:
695:
693:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
670:Curisevo River
667:
662:
656:
654:
648:
647:
645:
644:
639:
634:
632:Cândido Rondon
629:
623:
621:
617:
616:
614:
613:
608:
603:
597:
595:
591:
590:
588:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
526:
520:
514:
512:
506:
505:
503:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
426:
424:
418:
417:
412:
410:
409:
402:
395:
387:
381:
380:
375:
370:
364:Ikpeng weapons
361:
353:
352:External links
350:
344:
343:
332:
320:
290:
265:
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262:
259:
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250:
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199:
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178:
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137:
134:
120:
119:
113:
112:
108:
107:
103:
102:
98:
97:
91:
90:
86:
85:
58:
57:
53:
52:
48:
47:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1985:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1958:Xingu peoples
1956:
1955:
1953:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
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1521:
1507:
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1300:
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1237:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1201:
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1190:
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1177:
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1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
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1111:
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1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1060:White Indians
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
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951:
948:
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908:
906:
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901:
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891:
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879:
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870:
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849:
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835:
832:
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827:
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815:
812:
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802:
798:
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790:
784:
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772:
767:
758:
753:
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149:Early history
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18:Ikpeng people
1849:Minas Gerais
1608:Enawene Nawe
1550:Avá-Canoeiro
1159:Suruí (Pará)
789:North Region
719:
712:
705:
685:Ronuro River
680:Jabotá River
347:
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208:Ronuro River
201:
180:
167:Wauja people
159:oral history
152:
139:
125:
123:
37:Ethnic group
27:Ethnic group
1603:Cinta Larga
1565:Mato Grosso
1228:Cinta Larga
1000:Pira-tapuya
990:Parintintín
690:Xingu River
675:Ferro River
316:Ethnologue.
232:Subsistence
155:Iriri River
82:Mato Grosso
1952:Categories
1922:Widespread
1839:Tupiniquim
1733:Yawalapiti
1668:Nambikwara
1598:Chiquitano
1498:Pernambuco
1235:(Rondônia)
1224:(Rondônia)
611:Yamurikuma
585:Yawalapití
495:Yawalapiti
163:Jari River
51:459 (2010)
1895:São Paulo
1761:Chamacoco
1688:Rikbaktsa
1658:Munduruku
1488:Potiguara
1455:Guajajara
1445:Awá-Guajá
1322:Tocantins
1302:Wapishana
1244:Karitiana
1149:Parkatêjê
1144:Munduruku
1139:Kỳikatêjê
980:Munduruku
829:Machinere
814:Asháninka
620:Explorers
601:Huka-huka
510:Languages
313:"Ikpeng."
171:influenza
89:Languages
1929:Kaingang
1908:Kaingang
1867:Xakriabá
1703:Tapirapé
1698:Tapayúna
1633:Kamayurá
1628:Kalapalo
1437:Maranhão
1422:Tabajara
1345:Tapirapé
1312:Ye'kuana
1307:Yanomami
1292:Patamona
1204:Rondônia
1174:Turiwára
1154:Parakanã
1070:Yanomami
1040:Turiwára
1020:Tenharim
940:Jamamadi
910:Barasana
890:Amahuaca
882:Amazonas
862:Karipuna
834:Yaminawá
819:Kaxinawá
560:Mehinaku
540:Kamayurá
535:Kalapalo
525:(Txikão)
470:Mehinako
445:Kamayurá
440:Kalapalo
101:Religion
1885:Xokleng
1776:Kadiweu
1728:Xavante
1718:Umutina
1663:Nahukuá
1648:Kuikuro
1588:Bakairi
1480:Paraíba
1465:Krĩkatí
1460:Ka'apor
1355:Xerente
1350:Xambioá
1330:Apinajé
1287:Macushi
1282:Akawaio
1274:Roraima
1217:Akuntsu
1184:Wayampi
1179:Wai-wai
1119:Araweté
1093:Amanayé
1075:Zuruahã
1050:Wayampi
1045:Wai-wai
1010:Tariana
1005:Siriano
920:Cambeba
895:Apurinã
872:Wayampi
867:Palikur
809:Apurinã
594:Rituals
565:Nahukwa
550:Kuikuro
531:(Yudja)
475:Nahukuá
460:Kuikuro
219:Schools
144:History
1913:Terena
1903:Aimoré
1862:Kaxixó
1857:Aimoré
1791:Terena
1713:Trumai
1708:Terena
1683:Paresi
1678:Panará
1673:Paiter
1653:Matipu
1643:Kayapo
1638:Karajá
1623:Kaiabi
1618:Ikpeng
1593:Bororo
1578:Apiacá
1573:Aimoré
1555:Karajá
1506:Xukuru
1450:Canela
1427:Tapeba
1417:Kiriri
1399:Pataxó
1335:Karajá
1254:Paiter
1233:Gavião
1212:Aikanã
1189:Wayana
1169:Tiriyó
1134:Kayapo
1129:Karajá
1124:Atikum
1115:(Pará)
1108:Apiacá
1103:Aparai
1098:Anambé
1065:Witoto
1055:Wayana
1035:Tucano
1030:Tiriyó
1025:Ticuna
995:Pirahã
975:Matsés
960:Macuna
955:Kulina
950:Korubo
905:Baniwa
900:Banawá
857:Kalina
852:Aparai
824:Kulina
775:Brazil
714:Kaurup
652:Rivers
606:Quarup
575:Trumai
555:Matipu
545:Kayabi
529:Juruna
523:Ikpeng
485:Trumai
465:Matipu
455:Kayapo
450:Kaiabi
435:Ikpeng
358:Ikpeng
244:, and
242:manioc
212:Jabotá
126:Ikpeng
95:Ikpeng
79:
70:Brazil
67:
41:Ikpeng
1815:South
1786:Ofayé
1781:Mbayá
1771:Guató
1738:Yudjá
1723:Wauja
1613:Guató
1583:Aweti
1542:Goiás
1409:Ceará
1391:Bahia
1340:Krahô
1297:Pemon
1264:Wari’
1249:Kwaza
1239:Kanoê
1222:Arara
1164:Tembé
1113:Arara
1015:Tembé
970:Matis
935:Hupda
925:Cubeo
844:Amapá
707:Xingu
699:Films
580:Waurá
518:Awetï
500:Yudjá
490:Wauja
430:Aweti
261:Notes
246:urucu
117:Arara
1817:and
1743:Zoró
1194:Zo'é
1085:Pará
985:Mura
965:Mawé
945:Juma
915:Bora
801:Acre
570:Suyá
480:Suyá
136:Name
124:The
930:Dâw
773:of
185:by
1954::
366:,
293:^
269:^
248:.
756:e
749:t
742:v
406:e
399:t
392:v
84:)
72:(
34:.
20:)
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