Immortal Beloved - Knowledge (XXG)

371:(and a draft letter by him that survived as a copy by Josephine), that could be dated to the period from 1804 to 1809/10 when she was a widow after the early death of her first husband Count Deym. Schmidt-Görg dismissed Kaznelson's discoveries as "sensationalist". Goldschmidt (1980) explains why the German Beethoven scholarship was so reluctant to accept Kaznelson's theory (already published before these "13 letters"): "The fact that, as a result of this meeting, they had to take a natural daughter into account, appeared so venturesome to the professional world that the resistance to the Josephine hypothesis stiffened noticeably." Schmidt-Görg (1957, p. 31) believed that with the last letter (which he still thought to have been written in 1807—not 1809) and with Josephine's marriage to Baron Stackelberg (in 1810) the love relationship was terminated. 556:: "Was there for him in fact … one deep and lasting passion for a certain dear one, marriage to whom was precluded, not by psychological inhibitions of the inner man, but by prohibitive heart-breaking externals? … Where is any evidence whatsoever of true romantic love for even such dear ones as Marie Erdödy or Dorothea von Ertmann, Therese Malfatti or Antonie Brentano? Although all have been advanced as Beethoven's unknown Immortal Beloved, the assessment is unsupported by the record or by any known correspondence. Intimate friends of Beethoven, true, one and all; but loves? There is one, however, and only one, to whom Beethoven did pour his heart out in impassioned declarations of undying love remarkably similar to the phraseology of the anguished letter to his Immortal Beloved… That one is his 'BELOVED AND ONLY J' – Josephine." 597:'s estranged husband Baron Stackelberg was most likely away from home at the beginning of July 1812 (probably from the end of June for ca. two months), as noted in her diary: "Today has been a difficult day for me. – The hand of fate is resting ominously on me – I saw besides my own deep sorrows also the degeneration of my children, and – almost – all courage deserted me –!!! ... Stackelberg wants to leave me on my own. He is callous to supplicants in need." Steblin (2007, p. 169) also discovered a document headed "Table of Rules" and dated 5–11 July with a list of ethical categories in the handwriting of Christoph von Stackelberg: "Thus this whole document, dated at the time when ... he ... was deliberating about his future, is surely further proof that Josephine was left alone ... in June and July 1812." 514:

into love is not yet known. My estimate is ... in the fall of 1811. … The love affair was under way by late 1811." Solomon (1998, p. 229) quotes as supporting his case the Song "An die Geliebte" WoO 140, an autograph of which contains in Antonie's handwriting the remark: "Requested by me from the author on 2 March 1812." The background to this: "In November 1811, we see Beethoven writing a newly composed song with the heading 'An die Geliebte' into the album of the Bavarian Court singer Regina Lang. ... Dilettante verses ... by a clumsy author, a real dilettante, a coffeehouse poet." Solomon (1972, p. 572) declares that Beethoven's separation from his "Only Beloved"

1967: 397:(1955) identified Josephine as the "Immortal Beloved", mainly based on comparisons of the "Letter to the Immortal Beloved" with the earlier 14 (15) love letters: "The letter to the 'Immortal Beloved'... not only uses similar wording, but also emphasizes his long-time faithfulness to his one and only Beloved." In addition, with regard to traces in Beethoven's compositions, the "Massins argue that... the presence of Josephine in Beethoven's life left traces in his music... From the standpoint of music theory, the connections make eminent sense." 1192:"November 1811 sehen wir Beethoven ein neuverfaßtes Lied mit der Überschrift 'An die Geliebte' der bayerischen Hofsängerin Regina Lang ins Stammbuch schreiben. … Die dilettantischen Verse haben ebenfalls Stammbuchcharakter. Als den linkischen Verfasser … von einem wirklichen Dilettanten, dem Kaffeehaus-Literaten Joseph Ludwig Stoll." (Goldschmidt 1980, p. 138 f.) Goldschmidt's judgement about Stoll (1777–1815) is far too negative however. Stoll was a very successful playwright, who from 1809 on even received an honorary pension from Napoleon. 233:: see "Long – Long – may our love last – it is so noble – so much founded on mutual respect and friendship – even great similarity in so many things, in thoughts and feelings – oh let me hope that your heart – will continue to beat for me for a long time – mine can only – stop – to beat for you – if – it does not beat any more – beloved J" (#216, March/April 1805); "your faithful Bethwn" (#279, May 1807); "your faithful Bthwn, eternally devoted to you" (#294, 20 September 1807). Clearly refers to a pre-existing long-term relationship. 404:"Beethoven! It is like a dream, that he was the friend, the confidant of our house—a beautiful mind! Why did not my sister Josephine, as widow Deym, take him as her husband? Josephine's soul-mate! They were born for each other. She would have been happier with him than with Stackelberg. Maternal affection made her forgo her own happiness." She could not contemplate marrying Beethoven, a commoner, for the simple reason that she would have lost the guardianship of her aristocratic children. 1004:"Nur im Negieren ist man in der Lage, zu eindeutigen Schlüssen zu gelangen: weder Giulietta Guicciardi noch Amalie Sebald oder Bettina Brentano können in Frage kommen, und nicht einmal Therese Brunsvik, die für eine lange Zeit ernsthaft als die Empfängerin des berühmten Liebesbriefess galt. Aber merkwürdigerweise sind es genau die gleichen Dokumente, die definitiv, im negativen Sinne, auf Therese hinweisen, Zeugnis von leidenschaftlicher Liebe Beethovens für ihre Schwester Josephine." 87: 2271: 184:, it became clear that the one to the "Immortal Beloved" was not the only love letter authored by him. That Josephine could have been the unknown woman was subsequently suggested by analyses of similarities in wordings and phrases between earlier letters (from 1804 to 1809) and this mysterious one from 1812, mainly in the monographs by Massin (1955, 1970), Goldschmidt (1980) and Tellenbach (1983, p. 103 f.): 608:"A new way of looking at old evidence confirms that Josephine was Beethoven's one and only 'Immortal Beloved'. ... All of the puzzling aspects about Beethoven's affair with the 'Immortal Beloved', including his various cryptic comments, can be explained in terms of his one known beloved – Josephine. Why do we doubt his word that there was only one woman who had captured his heart?" (Steblin 2007, p. 180). 1050:"Beethoven! ist es doch wie ein Traum, er der Freund, der Vertraute unseres Hauses war – ein herrlicher Geist – warum nahm ihn meine Schwester J. nicht zu ihrem Gemahl als Witwe Deym? Josephines Herzensfreund! Sie waren für einander geboren. Sie wäre glücklicher gewesen als mit St. Mutterliebe bestimmte sie—auf eigenes Glück zu verzichten." (Therese's Diary, 4 February 1846, in Schmidt-Görg 1957, p. 23.) 357: 435: 510:"There is no proof that Beethoven and Antonie met in Prague." And regarding Karlsbad: "It is possible that the letter arose from a ... meeting with a woman who informed Beethoven that she was going to Karlsbad and then failed to carry out her declared intention." (Solomon 1998, p. 219 f.) Goldschmidt showed that "for short stays, residents were exempt from reporting requirements". 1860: 32: 1270:"Ich habe heute einen schweren Tag. – Die Hand des Schicksals ruht düster auf mir – Ich sah nebst meinem tiefen Kummer auch noch die Entartung meiner Kinder und – fast – aller Muth wich von mir –!!! ... St. will daß ich mir selbst sitzen soll. er ist gefühllos für bittende in der Noth." (Josephine's Diary, 8 June 1812, in Steblin 2007, p. 159.) 1059:"I would have to violate sacred bonds if I gave in to your request – Believe me – that I, by doing what is my duty, suffer the most—and that surely noble motives were guiding my actions." (Josephine to Beethoven, Winter 1806/7, in Schmidt-Görg 1957, p. 21.) See also Tellenbach (1988) for the effect of guardianship laws. 578:

this field of study: "Unfortunately, several of the most important and controversial studies about the Immortal Beloved have never appeared in English translation, which has substantially restricted their impact." (p. xv) "Tellenbach ... too has unfortunately never appeared in English translation." (p. xvii)

1041:"3 Briefe von Beethoven... sie werden wohl an Josephine sein, die er leidenschaftlich geliebt hat." (Therese's Diary, 15 January 1847, in Tellenbach 1983, p. 16.) This was then also in response to the biography by Schindler (1840), refuting his hypothesis that Julie Guicciardi was the "immortal Beloved". 559:

Pulkert's (2000) claim about one Almerie Esterházy, whom Beethoven did not even know, was refuted by Steblin (2001). Meredith (2000, p. 47) summarily comments: "… we lack evidence of a connection between Almerie and Beethoven... I must reiterate that we have no such evidence of a passionate love

530:

Goldschmidt (1980) summarizes: "The Antonia hypothesis… is not so fully convincing that it excludes all others." and: "In order to possibly verify the Antonia-Hypothesis with its inherent factual contradictions once and forever, it is necessary to falsify the other hypotheses that have been offered."

1256:

Two of three letters by Beethoven to Bettina (and published by her) are generally considered forgeries (like similar letters by Goethe she published), although Walden devotes an entire Chapter setting out evidence in support of the letter's authenticity. Walden's book is also summarized and reviewed

570:

was Beethoven's "Immortal Beloved", based on the assumption that one of the two spurious letters by Beethoven to her is true: "If that letter to Bettina was genuine, it would prove conclusively that Bettina was the Immortal Beloved, but the original has not survived, and the authenticity is strongly

513:

ad 2: There are no love letters from or to Antonie, and no other documents supporting the possibility of a love relationship with Beethoven, there is only a letter by Antonie to her brother-in-law Clemens, where she expressed her "admiration" of Beethoven: "At what point this worship was transformed

509:

ad 1: Antonie arrived in Prague on 3 July 1812 after an arduous journey with husband, child and servant (and was registered there); she left at dawn the following morning: "Where did she have time that night for a tryst with Beethoven?" (Steblin 2007, p. 148) Solomon (1972, p. 577) admits:

577:

Meredith (2011), reviewing the history of the debate so far, deplores the fact that French and German authors (like Massin & Massin and – until then – Goldschmidt) were never translated into English, thus depriving especially the US-based Beethoven scholarship of the most valuable resources in

662:

There was no address on the letter, and no envelope was found (thus suggesting it was probably never sent). The letter was addressed to "My Angel...", but as the term "Immortal Beloved" (appearing only once towards the end of the letter) was unique in Beethoven's vocabulary, it has been used ever

890:

reprinted in Goldschmidt (1980). This forgery fooled many scholars at the time: "The editors of 'Die Musik' submitted this Beethoven manuscript to many well-known experts, all of whom independently declared it to be genuine." (Goldschmidt 1980). Not enough: "Bekker made it then public that his

331:

Kaznelson (1954) evaluated more of the documents in the Brunsvik estates, and even though he thought that Rahel Varnhagen was behind the "Distant Beloved" he concluded that the "Immortal Beloved" must have been Josephine mainly because her daughter Minona was born exactly nine months after the

400:

After Massin & Massin (1955) and Goldschmidt (1980), Tellenbach (1983, 1987, 1988, 1999) argued extensively the case for Josephine, based on many newly discovered documents, like Therese's later diary notes, e.g., on the discovery of the "Three letters by Beethoven… they must have been to

518:

two years before (due to her second marriage) does not rule out that she could have been the "Immortal Beloved": "There is no certainty that the affair was not momentarily rekindled a half-decade later. ... There is still room for a reasonable doubt." (Solomon 1998, p. 461, n. 48.)

379:, who for a long time was seriously regarded as the recipient of the famous love letter. But curiously enough, it is precisely the same documents which shed a definitive light, in the negative sense, on Therese which bear witness to Beethoven's passionate love for her sister Josephine." 563:

Finally, Kopitz' (2001) "valiant effort… show that Antonie cannot have been the 'Immortal Beloved'. She was a happily married wife and mother... her candidacy, which includes the improbable scenario of a 'ménage à trois' in Karlsbad, makes no psychological sense." (Steblin 2007, p.

263:

In his biography of Beethoven, Schindler (1840) named Julie ("Giulietta") Guicciardi as the "Immortal Beloved". But research by Tellenbach (1983) indicated that her cousin Franz von Brunsvik may have suggested Giulietta to Schindler, to distract any suspicion away from his sister

1116:"...les nombreuses lettres qu'il écrira à Antonina marquent une amitié profonde mais presque cérémonieuse à force d'être réservée, et Beethoven semble toujours considérer Franz, Antonia et leurs enfants comme un ensemble undivisible." (Jean and Brigitte Massin 1955, p. 240.) 646:(2012). The cycle sets excerpts from Beethoven's letter of 6–7 July 1812. The Juno award-winning Gryphon Trio has recorded the work with both Canadian mezzo-soprano Julie Nesrallah (New York: Naxos, 2015) and Luxembourg baritone David John Pike (Montreal: Analekta, 2019). 1237:

It had already been refuted by Goldschmidt (1980) with regard to Steichen (1959). Cooper's statement however that "To get to Jedlersee from Klosterneuburg, you have to cross the Kahlenberg." left a lot to be desired, as far as basic expertise in Viennese topography is

1279:"Ich will Liebert in Prag prechen. ich will die Kinder nie von mir lassen. ... Ich habe Stackb zu liebe physisch zugrunde gerichtet indem ich ... noch so viele Kummer und Krankheit durch ihn zugezogen habe." (Josephine's Diary, June 1812, in Steblin 2007, p. 162.) 714:(1972, 1998), supported by Cooper (2000, 2008), Kopitz (2001) and Lockwood (2003), contested by Goldschmidt (1980), Tellenbach (1983, 1987, 1988, 1993/1994, 1998), Beahrs (1972, 1986, 1988, 1993), Dahlhaus (1991), Pichler (1994), Altman (1996), Meredith (2000), 995:"Der Umstand, daß man … als Folge dieser Begegnung eine natürliche Tochter in Kauf zu nehmen hatte, erschien der professionellen Welt als so abenteuerlich, daß die Widerstände gegen die Josephinen-Hypothese sich merklich versteiften." Goldschmidt (1980, p. 15) 949:

Refuted by Goldschmidt (1980), p. 325 f. Astonishingly, this book was published in 1964 in German translation even though the "13 Letters" (translated by Anderson, 1961) had meanwhile been published, clearly indicating a very heterosexual drive in the

291:

at the beginning of July 1812, and Cooper (2000, p. 416) consequently ruled her out as a candidate. Thomas-San-Galli then speculated (in 1910) that it might instead have been Teréz Brunszvik, who he thought could have secretly traveled to Prague.

1081:"Ich Glückliche hatte Beethovens intimen, geistigen Umgang so viele Jahre! Josephinens Haus- und Herzensfreund! Sie waren für einander geboren und lebten beide noch, hätten sie sich vereint." (Therese's Diary, March 1848, in Goldschmidt 1980, p. 296.) 327:

Czeke (1938), for the first time, published Therese's diary notes ending in 1813; some were known already to Rolland (1928). and concluded that Beethoven was in love with Josephine, but nonetheless he tended towards Therese as the "Immortal Beloved".

909:"… es war mir leid, lieber V. den letzten Abend in Prag nicht mit ihnen zubringen zu können, und ich fand es selbst für unanständig, allein ein Umstand den ich nicht vorhersehen könnte, hielt mich davon ab." (Beethoven to Varnhagen, 14 July 1812, in 486:"The many letters he wrote Antonie prove that a true and deep but—due to mutual restraint—nevertheless only formal friendship existed between them and Beethoven always seems to perceive Franz, Antonia and their children as an inseparable unity." 1013:

In a review of Tellenbach (1983) in the leading German newspaper F.A.Z. (on 24 February 1984), Dahlhaus stated: "Daß Beethovens berühmter 'Brief an die unsterbliche Geliebte'... an Josephine von Brunswick gerichtet war, steht inzwischen fest."

1090:"Ohne schlüssige Beweise des Gegenteils wird man sich nicht mehr voreilig von der zunehmend begründeten Annahme trennen wollen, daß die 'Unsterbliche Geliebte' schwerlich eine andere als die 'Einzig Geliebte' war." (Goldschmidt 1980, p. 296.) 321:, which suggests he must have met his "Immortal Beloved" on 3 July 1812: "I am sorry, dear V., that I could not spend the last evening in Prague with you, and I myself found it impolite, but a circumstance I could not foresee prevented me." 490:

There was four years later also a claim by a Japanese author (Aoki 1959, 1968) who had "discovered" Antonie. However, this had not been noticed outside Japan. She also published her findings again in a recent book in German (Aoki 2008).

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Beethoven was briefly infatuated with her in 1801-2 (when she was his piano pupil, and dedicated his renowned "Moonlight" Sonata to her), but was aware that without a title of nobility he couldn't hope to marry a countess (see Steblin

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Ley (1957, p. 78) saw it differently: "Only on the negative side has one been able to arrive at certain conclusions: neither Giulietta Guicciardi, nor Amalie Sebald, nor Bettina Brentano can be considered any longer, and not even

413:"I was so lucky to have been acquainted with Beethoven, intimately and intellectually, for so many years! Josephine's intimate friend, her soul mate! They were born for each other, and if both were still alive, they would be united." 1703:

Steblin, Rita (2002): "Josephine Gräfin Brunswick-Deyms Geheimnis enthüllt: Neue Ergebnisse zu ihrer Beziehung zu Beethoven." (Josephine Countess Brunsvik-Deym's Secret Revealed: New Results about her Relationship to Beethoven.)

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Beethoven letter was a forgery. many Beethoven scholars did not want to believe this, and in many newspapers and journals ... expressed their conviction that this was undoubtedly a valuable genuine document." (Goldschmidt 1980)

604:(in June 1812): "I want to see Liebert in Prague. I will never let the children be taken from me. ... On account of Stackelberg I have ruined myself physically, in that I have incurred so much distress and illness through him." 534:

Altman (1996) "demonstrates, as indeed Tellenbach has done, that much of the basis for the claims of Antonie's supporters consists of distortions, suppositions, opinions, and even plain inaccuracies." (Cooper 1996, p. 18)

191:(used again towards the end of this letter): see "farewell angel – of my heart – of my life." (#219, April 1805) – this also uses the intimate German "Du" ("Leb wohl Engel"); "farewell angel of my heart" (#220, April/May 1805). 734:(1920); Kaznelson (1954); Riezler (1962); Massin (1955, 1970); Goldschmidt (1980); Tellenbach (1983, 1987, 1988, 1999); Beahrs (1986, 1988, 1993); Dahlhaus (1991); Pichler (1994); Noering (1995); Steblin (2002, 2007, 2009a). 276:'s memoirs, which show her full of admiration and adoration of Beethoven. This, together with interviews of some of the Brunsvik descendants, led her to the conclusion that Therese must have been the "Immortal Beloved". 1470:. Munich: Rogner & Bernhard (expanded version of "Um die Unsterbliche Geliebte. Eine Bestandsaufnahme"; in English: "All About Beethoven's Immortal Beloved. A Stocktaking". Leipzig: Deutscher Verlag für Musik 1977). 751:, No. 2), which was written in Italian, he referred to her as "Giulietta". For some reason this name has stuck ever since (one of many myths about her, like her incorrect age and wedding date, see Steblin 2009, p. 145). 419:: "Without conclusive proofs of the opposite one should no longer want to part prematurely with the increasingly justified assumption that the 'Immortal Beloved' could hardly be anyone else but the 'Only Beloved'." 693:, Letter #582, and Goldschmidt (1980), pp. 21–23; facsimile p. 240 f. An early English translation, with several errors, was offered by Anderson (1961), Letter #373; a much better translation is in Beahrs (1990). 1647:

Skwara, Dagmar/Steblin, Rita (2007): "Ein Brief Christoph Freiherr von Stackelbergs an Josephine Brunsvik-Deym-Stackelberg." (A Letter by Christoph Baron von Stackelberg to Josephine Brunsvik-Deym-Stackelberg.)

1219:"Um die Antonia–Hypothese möglicherweise mit den ihr sachlich innewaltenden Widersprüchen endgültig zu verifizieren, bedarf es der Falsifizierung anderer sich anbietender Hypothesen." (Goldschmidt 1980, p. 166.) 1165:"Beethovens heilige Hände … den ich tief verehre, er wandelt göttlich under den Sterblichen, sein höheren Standpunkt gegen die niedere Welt." (Antonie to Clemens, 26 January 1811, in Goldschmidt 1980, p. 524) 1501:(2001): "Antonie Brentano in Wien (1809–1812). Neue Quellen zur Problematik 'Unsterbliche Geliebte'." (Antonie Brentano in Vienna (1809–1812). New Sources to the Difficulties with the "Immortal Beloved".) 522:

Solomon's hypothesis was contested by Goldschmidt (1980), Tellenbach (1983, 1987, 1988, 1993/1994, 1998), Beahrs (1972, 1986, 1988, 1993), Dahlhaus (1991), Pichler (1994), Altman (1996), Meredith (2000),

1201:"The flaw in this methodology was that he established requirements that he knew only his candidate could meet. They were therefore not independent objective requirements at all." (Walden 2011, p. 104) 254:: the heavily crossed-out words are probably the strongest indication that their love had been consummated (and may explain the birth of Minona, Josephine's seventh child, exactly nine months later). 283:, also thought Therese was the "Immortal Beloved". Thayer thought the letter must have been written around 1806–07. Thomas-San-Galli (1909, 1910) checked out the official listings of guests in 805:

Walden (2002, 2011). According to Varnhagen's diary, 15 February 1856: "Bettina ... claims Beethoven had been in love with her and wanted to marry her! ... Nothing but bubbles and dreams! (

324:

La Mara (1920), after discovering more letters and notes in the Brunsvik estates, was now convinced "that ... Josephine widowed Countess Deym was Beethoven's 'Immortal Beloved'".

317:

The date of the "Immortal Beloved" letter—6/7 July 1812—has meanwhile been firmly established, not only by watermarks and references, but also by a later letter by Beethoven to

2241: 132:

yielded the year, and by extension the place of the letter. Scholars disagree about the intended recipient of the letter. Two people favored by most contemporary scholars are

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relationship between Antonie and Beethoven either, just of a close friendship; for Josephine, … we know he was indeed passionately in love with her in 1805–1807 at least."

1380:

Beahrs, Virginia (1990): "My Angel, My All, My Self": A Literal Translation of Beethoven's Letter to the Immortal Beloved. In: The Beethoven Newsletter 5/2, p. 29.

46: 205:– you – my everything, my happiness ... my solace – my everything" (#214, 1st quarter 1805); "dear J. everything – everything for you" (#297, after 20 September 1807). 1776:

Tellenbach, Marie-Elisabeth (1988): "Künstler und Ständegesellschaft um 1800: die Rolle der Vormundschaftsgesetze in Beethovens Beziehung zu Josephine Gräfin Deym."

1072:– sie beide zusammen wären glüklich gewesen (vielleicht). Ihm hat eine Frau gefehlt das ist gewiß." (Therese's Diary, 22 December 1846, in Goldschmidt 1980, p. 296.) 1892: 2251: 1797:

Tellenbach, Marie-Elisabeth (1999): "Die Bedeutung des Adler-Gleichnisses in Beethovens Brief an Therese Gräfin Brunswick. Ein Beitrag zu seiner Biographie."

382:

Riezler (1962, p. 46), still very much a "standard" German biography of Beethoven, followed Kaznelson regarding Josephine being his "only love", likewise

1910: 2046: 1637:. (Beethoven: Thirteen Unknown Letters to Josephine Countess Deym née von Brunsvik.) Bonn: Beethoven-Haus. (Also contains several letters by Josephine.) 922:"… drängte sich mir die Überzeugung auf, daß ... Josephine verwitwete Gräfin Deym die 'unsterbliche Geliebte' Beethovens ... sei." (La Mara 1920, p. 1.) 545:

Lund (1988) made a claim that Antonie's son Karl, born exactly eight months after the alleged encounter with Beethoven, should have been his son; even

881:"The tone of the notes to Amalie Sebald in September, 1812, is incompatible with that of the letter to the 'Immortal Beloved'." (Forbes 1967, p. 1090) 245:: During 1807, Josephine began to withdraw from Beethoven due to family pressure; she was not home when Beethoven came to see her (see #294 and #307). 498:(1972, 1998) suggested Antonie Brentano to have been the "Immortal Beloved". His hypothesis was founded on two major assumptions (or prerequisites): 2051: 748: 1790:

Tellenbach, Marie-Elisabeth (1998): "Psychoanalyse und historisch-philologische Methode. Zu Maynard Solomons Beethoven- und Schubert-Deutungen."

1727:

Steblin, Rita (2009): "'A dear, enchanting girl who loves me and whom I love': New Facts about Beethoven's Beloved Piano Pupil Julie Guicciardi".

1147:"… requirements …, that the Immortal Beloved be a woman closely acquainted with Beethoven during the period in question." (Solomon 1998, p. 218) 931:

Rolland was in contact with Marianne Czeke, who seemed to have known quite a lot more about the relationship between Beethoven and the Brunsviks

1956: 2168: 900:(Beethoven's mention in the letter of Prince Esterházy's presence at Teplitz confirms that the year must have been 1812) (Goldschmidt 1980). 2003: 1138:

for identification of the Immortal Beloved is that she must have been in Karlsbad during the week of July 6, 1812." (Solomon 1998, p. 219)

342:

Steichen (1959) identified Marie Erdödy to have been a lifelong beloved of Beethoven, and thus she could also be the "Immortal Beloved".

121:). The unsent letter is written in pencil on 10 small pages. It was found in the composer's estate following his death and is now in the 2202: 1996: 1484:

Vol. 120, No. 1642, pp. 987–990. In German as "Der Mälzelkanon – eine weitere Fälschung Schindlers?", in: Harry Goldschmift (ed.):

1885: 1734:

Steblin, Rita (2009a): "Beethovens 'Unsterbliche Geliebte': des Rätsels Lösung." (Beethoven's "Immortal Beloved": the Riddle Solved.)

1299:

Albrecht, Theodore (2009): "Anton Schindler as destroyer and forger of Beethoven's conversation books: A case for decriminalization."

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2. she must have been closely acquainted (at least on very friendly terms) with Beethoven, at the time immediately before this event.

1783:

Tellenbach, Marie-Elisabeth (1993/1994): "Psychoanalysis and the Historiocritical Method: On Maynard Solomon's Image of Beethoven."

1720:

Steblin, Rita (2007): "'Auf diese Art mit A geht alles zugrunde'. A New Look at Beethoven's Diary Entry and the 'Immortal Beloved."

1317: 71: 20: 332:

encounter with Beethoven and her husband Baron Stackelberg was away. Kaznelson arrived at his conclusion even though H C Bodmer in

2061: 1929: 1822:

Beethoven und die unsterbliche Geliebte: Amalie Sebald, Goethe, Therese Brunswik und anderes; mit Benutzung unbekannten Materials

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Schindler (1840). Her first name was in fact "Julie", as she was always called (Steblin 2009); in Beethoven's dedication of his

2156: 1864: 744: 314:. But it was already shown to be a hoax by Newman (1911)—a last-ditch effort to salvage the discredited Guicciardi hypothesis. 1330:

Aoki, Yayoi (1959): "Ai no densetsu – Betoven to 'fumetsu no koibito'" (Love-legends – Beethoven and the "Immortal Beloved"),

1304: 1574:

Meredith, William (2000): "Mortal Musings: Testing the Candidacy of Almerie Esterházy against the Antonie Brentano Theory."

575:, has reviewed the debate over the major candidates and he believes that "Walden's proposal merits unbiased consideration". 2295: 2274: 2162: 2066: 1941: 1878: 1210:…die Antonia-Hypothese … nicht so restlos überzeugend ist, daß sie jede andere ausschließt. (Goldschmidt 1980, p. 165 f.) 2300: 2221: 2105: 1991: 622: 1125:

He used documents about Beethoven's and the Brentanos' whereabouts discovered by Marek (1969); see Goldschmidt (1980).

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Editha and Richard Sterba (1954), using psychoanalysis, argued for Beethoven's nephew Karl as the "Immortal Beloved".

1837:

Walden, Edward (2002): "Beethoven's 'Immortal Beloved': Arguments in Support of the Candidacy of Bettina Brentano".

239:: Josephine was not only frequently ill, but especially desperate around that time because her husband had left her. 1764:

Beethoven und seine 'Unsterbliche Geliebte' Josephine Brunswick. Ihr Schicksal und der Einfluß auf Beethovens Werk

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Canadian composer James K. Wright has written a song cycle for baritone (or mezzo-soprano) and piano trio titled

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Again Therese on Beethoven: "How unhappy, with such intellectual talent. At the same time Josephine was unhappy!

280: 42: 2150: 1827: 1522:. (Beethoven and the Brunsviks. According to Family Documents from Therese Brunsvik's Estate.) Leipzig: Siegel. 1390:

Beck, Dagmar & Herre, Grita (1979): "Anton Schindlers fingierte Eintragungen in den Konversationsheften."

1383:

Beahrs, Virginia (1993): "Beethoven's Only Beloved? New Perspectives on the Love Story of the Great Composer."

571:

doubted today. ... her reliability and truthfulness are today under a cloud." Meredith (2011, p. xxii), in his

296: 287:, and at first (in 1909) concluded that Amalie Sebald was the "Immortal Beloved". Sebald was definitely not in 1515:. (Beethoven's Immortal Beloved. Countess Brunsvik's Secret and her Memoirs). Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel. 2031: 1986: 1946: 813:

since 1811, she is usually considered one of the less likely candidates for the title of "Immortal Beloved".

627: 460:"The assumption that it could have been Antonie Brentano, is both tantalizing and absurd." They then argue: 2231: 634:, with whom he had a long and frustrating legal battle over the custody of his nephew Karl van Beethoven. 2305: 2174: 1981: 1431:

Cooper, Barry (1996): "Beethoven's Immortal Beloved and Countess Erdödy: A Case of Mistaken Identity?",

631: 141: 2084: 685:

For a transcription of the German original, an English translation and helpful historical context, see

590:(2002, 2007, 2009, 2009a) and Skwara/Steblin (2007). These can be summarized into two important items: 1669:, chapter "Recherche de Josephine Deym". Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, pp. 157–165. 2212: 2144: 1966: 1934: 1901: 1543: 539: 345: 165: 157: 145: 122: 106: 336:, owner of the "13 Letters" after World War II (see following), would not allow him access to them. 2207: 1709: 1498: 1156:"Von der Meldepflicht bei Kurzaufenthalten waren ... Inländer befreit." Goldschmidt (1980), p. 235. 442: 2216: 2180: 2113: 2097: 2056: 2013: 1799: 1402: 594: 553: 515: 411:—both together they would have been happy (perhaps). What he needed was a wife, that's for sure." 368: 360: 265: 181: 137: 502:

1. the woman must have been in Prague and Karlsbad around the time in question (like Beethoven);

376: 273: 149: 2128: 2121: 1508: 1391: 1313: 731: 567: 269: 169: 1815:

Die "Unsterbliche Geliebte" Beethovens, Amalie Sebald: Lösung eines Vielumstrittenen Problems

426:(1988), mainly in response to Massin (1955, 1970), Goldschmidt (1980) and Tellenbach (1983). 2246: 2226: 450: 438: 161: 133: 1640:

Schmidt-Görg, Joseph (1969): "Neue Schriftstücke zu Beethoven und Josephine Gräfin Deym."

237:

You are suffering you my dearest ... you are suffering – Oh, wherever I am, you are with me

86: 2041: 1924: 1655: 1557: 1104: 810: 711: 546: 495: 423: 394: 318: 114: 1754:

Ludwig van Beethoven und sein Neffe. Tragödie eines Genies. Eine psychoanalytische Studie

760:

Thayer (rev. Forbes, 1967), Thomas-San-Galli (1909, 1910), La Mara (1920), Rolland (1928)

128:

Beethoven did not specify a year or a location. In the 1950s an analysis of the paper's

1621:

Beethoven the Creator. The Great Creative Epochs: I. From the Eroica to the Appassionata

1068:"Wie unglüklich bei so grossen Geistesgaben. Zu gleicher Zeit war Josephine unglüklich! 977:

More love letters (also by Josephine to Beethoven) were published by Schmidt-Görg (1969)

2197: 2036: 1428:

Caeyers, Jan: Beethoven. Der einsame Revolutionär. Eine Biographie . Munich: Beck 2012.

549:

did not endorse this, as he thought "it was 'sensationalistic'." (Meredith 2011, p. x)

118: 1769:

Tellenbach, Marie-Elisabeth (1987): "Beethoven and the Countess Josephine Brunswick."

1425:(Facsimile, transcription and commentary in German, English and Japanese, new edition) 2289: 1529:, chapter "Eine unsterbliche Geliebte Beethovens", pp. 78–85. Siegburg: Schmitt. 1513:

Beethovens Unsterbliche Geliebte. Das Geheimnis der Gräfin Brunsvik und ihre Memoiren

469:

In the summer of 1812 he lived in the same hotel in Franzensbad as the Brentanos, and

383: 300: 153: 223:

since you know my faithfulness to you, never can another own my heart, never – never

1693: 715: 587: 524: 454: 356: 1480:

Howell, Standley (1979): "Beethoven's Mälzel Canon. Another Schindler Forgery?",

457:

at the time and proposed her as a possible candidate for the "Immortal Beloved":

367:

Schmidt-Görg (1957) published 13 heretofore unknown love letters by Beethoven to

180:

After Schmidt-Görg (1957) published 13 then-unknown love letters by Beethoven to

1553: 1520:

Beethoven und die Brunsviks. Nach Familienpapieren aus Therese Brunsviks Nachlaß

1100: 434: 390: 386:(1991, p. 247) who concluded that "internal evidence" points to Josephine. 307: 299:(1910) against Amalie Sebald. A summary of the older literature can be found in 1635:

Beethoven: Dreizehn unbekannte Briefe an Josephine Gräfin Deym geb. v. Brunsvik

1591:

Newman, William S (1984): "Yet Another Major Beethoven Forgery by Schindler?",

872:(the "Louis" mentioned by Therese in her diary was in fact Count Louis Migazzi) 1759:

Swafford, Jan: Beethoven: Anguish and Triumph. London: Faber & Faber 2014.

295:

Doubts were raised by de Hevesy (1910), who ruled out Teréz Brunszvik, and by

268:, with whom Beethoven had been hopelessly in love from 1799 to ca. 1809/1810. 1698:

Abstracts of Papers Read at the Meeting of the American Musicological Society

1359:

Beahrs, Virginia Oakley (1972): "New Light on Beethoven's Immortal Beloved?"

1696:(2001): "Beethoven's Immortal Beloved: Evidence against Almerie Esterházy". 1373:

Beahrs, Virginia Oakley (1988): "The Immortal Beloved Riddle Reconsidered."

1310:

Beethoven: A Man of His Word – Undisclosed Evidence for his Immortal Beloved

845:"… da Giulietta ihre Affären nicht verheimlichte…" (Tellenbach 1983, p. 17) 586:

Significant new discoveries in European archives were made and published by

466:

Beethoven and Antonie, since her return to Vienna, were "on friendly terms",

129: 90: 1449:. (Countess Therese Brunsvik's Diaries and Notes.) Vol. 1. Budapest: Kötet. 769:

Thomas-San-Galli (1909, 1910); see: Goldschmidt (1977), pp. 182–185, p. 349

472:

He had dedicated in the same year to her daughter Maxe a one-movement trio.

333: 1859: 1354:

Beethoven – Die Entschlüsselung des Rätsels um die "Unsterbliche Geliebte"

2256: 1581:

Meredith, William (2011): "Introduction", in Walden (2011), pp. ix–xxxiv.

1870: 1099:"L'hypothèse d'Antonia Brentano est à la fois séduisante et absurde." ( 284: 110: 1750:

Beethoven and His Nephew: a Psychoanalytic Study of Their Relationship

1715:

A History of Key Characteristics in the 18th and Early 19th Centuries

601: 288: 644:

Briefe an die unsterbliche Geliebte/Letters to the Immortal Beloved

1616:. Zürich: Atlantis (8th ed.). First published in 1936 (in German). 433: 355: 211:: This Hungarian Prince was well known to the Hungarian Brunsviks. 85: 422:

Josephine's candidacy as the "Immortal Beloved" was contested by

449:

In 1955 the French scholars Jean and Brigitte Massin noted that

93:

of the first page of the letter addressed to "Immortal Beloved".

1874: 1658:(1972): "New Light on Beethoven's Letter to an Unknown Woman." 1605:

Pulkert, Oldrich (2000): "Beethoven's Unsterbliche Geliebte."

1495:. (Beethoven's Distant and Immortal Beloved.) Zürich: Standard. 2008: 1349:(Love-legends – Artists and Women) Tokyo: San'ichishobo, 1968. 25: 538:

However, Altman's suggestion that the "Immortal Beloved" was

480:

Beethoven's lasting friendship with Antonie's husband, Franz,

1421:

Ludwig van Beethoven, Der Brief an die Unsterbliche Geliebte

527:(2007), Walden (2011), Caeyers (2012), and Swafford (2014). 1700:, Sixty-Seventh Annual Meeting, 15–18 November, p. 45. 1562:

Ludwig van Beethoven. Biographie. Histoire des Œvres. Essai

1366:

Beahrs, Virginia (1986): "The Immortal Beloved Revisited."

702:

The letter's signature is "Mus. ep. autogr. Beethoven 127."

1686:

Stadlen, Peter (1977): "Schindler's Beethoven Forgeries",

1032:

Meredith (2011), p. xv. Elaborated by Goldschmidt (1980).

227:

never misjudge the most faithful heart of your beloved L.

1778:

Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte

1717:. 2nd ed. (1st ed. 1983). University of Rochester Press. 809:)" (Tellenbach 1983, p. 101). Being happily married to 53: 1683:. (Beethoven's Diary 1812–1818.) Bonn: Beethoven-Haus. 430:

Antonie Brentano and other alternatives (1955 to 2011)

1532:

Lockwood, Lewis (1997): "Film Biography as Travesty:

1488:, vol. 2. Berlin: Neue Musik 1984, pp. 163–171. 630:, the Immortal Beloved is Beethoven's sister-in-law 105:") is the addressee of a love letter which composer 2190: 2137: 2091:

Beethoven with the Manuscript of the Missa Solemnis

2077: 2024: 1974: 1917: 718:(2007), and Walden (2011); numerous refutations in 1602:. (Beethoven. Myth and Reality.) Vienna: Amalthea. 352:The discovery of Josephine Brunsvik (1957 to 1999) 16:Unsent love letter written by Ludwig van Beethoven 1846:Beethoven's Immortal Beloved. Solving the Mystery 1832:Auf Spuren von Beethovens Unsterblicher Geliebten 1407:Ludwig van Beethoven: Briefwechsel. Gesamtausgabe 600:Josephine expressed her clear intention to go to 476:Absurd, they argue, is the assumption because of 1623:. Transl. Ernest Newman. New York: Garden City. 1468:Um die Unsterbliche Geliebte. Ein Beethoven-Buch 1630:. (Biography of Ludwig van Beethoven.) Münster. 1411:Ludwig van Beethoven: Letters. Complete Edition 1294:Letters to Beethoven & other Correspondence 542:was shown to be "impossible" by Cooper (1996). 1676:, 2nd ed., New York: Schirmer (1st ed. 1977). 1564:. Paris: Club Français du Livre. 2nd ed. 1967. 1463:. 2 vols. 2nd ed. Princeton: University Press. 2252:Ira F. Brilliant Center for Beethoven Studies 1886: 1454:Ludwig van Beethoven: Approaches to his Music 1447:Brunszvik Teréz grófno naplói és feljegyzései 1183:"Den 2tn März, 1812 mir vom Author erbethen." 348:(1969) argued the case for Dorothea Ertmann. 8: 1584:Newman, Ernest (1911): "A Beethoven Hoax?", 306:There was also a forged Beethoven letter by 1787:8/3, pp. 84–92; 9/3, pp. 119–127. 1548:Ludwig van Beethoven. Biography of a Genius 910: 823: 690: 686: 673: 1893: 1879: 1871: 1662:, Vol. 58, No. 4 (Oct.), pp. 572–587. 1493:Beethovens Ferne und Unsterbliche Geliebte 1347:Ai no densetsu – geijutsuka to joseitachi 363:, miniature drawn by pencil, before 1804. 72:Learn how and when to remove this message 552:Beahrs (1993, p. 183 f.) supported 259:The period of speculation (1827 to 1969) 1396:Zu Beethoven. Aufsätze und Annotationen 655: 566:Walden (2011, p. 5) suggests that 462:Tantalizing is the assumption, because 401:Josephine whom he loved passionately." 231:forever thine, forever mine, forever us 582:Josephine re-discovered (2002 to date) 1820:Thomas-San-Galli, Wolfgang A (1910): 1813:Thomas-San-Galli, Wolfgang A (1909): 1748:Sterba, Editha & Richard (1954): 1690:Vol. 118, No. 1613, pp. 549–552. 822:Letters in the following quoted from 279:At first most researchers, including 243:but – but never hide yourself from me 7: 1762:Tellenbach, Marie-Elisabeth (1983): 1567:Massin, Jean & Brigitte (1970): 1486:Zu Beethoven. Aufsätze und Dokumente 1752:. New York: Pantheon. In German as 1628:Biographie von Ludwig van Beethoven 1419:Brandenburg, Sieghard, ed. (2001). 689:. The letter was also published by 199:you – you – my life – my everything 2242:British première of Symphony No. 9 1633:Schmidt-Görg, Joseph (1957, ed.): 1600:Beethoven. Mythos und Wirklichkeit 1228:See also Meredith (2011, p. xxii). 14: 1841:, vol. 17, no. 2: pp. 54–68. 1808:Beethoven's Unsterbliche Geliebte 21:Immortal Beloved (disambiguation) 2270: 2269: 2203:Birthplace of Beethoven's mother 1965: 1930:Relationship with contemporaries 1858: 1736:Österreichische Musikzeitschrift 1706:Österreichische Musikzeitschrift 1644:1965/68, pp. 205–208. Bonn. 1595:Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 397–422. 1550:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. 1377:, Vol. 129/1740, pp. 64–70. 1292:Albrecht, Theodore (1996, ed.): 415:Goldschmidt's evaluation of the 30: 1296:. University of Nebraska Press. 796:Steichen (1959), Altman (1996). 483:He borrowed money from him, and 140:. (Other possibilities include 1848:. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow. 1679:Solomon, Maynard (2005, ed.): 1387:54, no. 3/4, pp. 183–197. 1363:, Vol. XI/3, pp. 177–185. 959:Refuted by Goldschmidt (1980). 787:Tenger (1890), La Mara (1909). 722:16/1 (Summer 2001), pp. 42–50. 146:Julie ("Giulietta") Guicciardi 1: 1708:57/6 (June), pp. 23–31. 1681:Beethovens Tagebuch 1812–1818 1323:Anderson, Emily (1961, ed.): 968:Refuted by Tellenbach (1983). 638:The Immortal Beloved in music 494:Once again and more detailed 409:Le mieux est l'ennemi du bien 109:wrote on 6 or 7 July 1812 in 47:deprecated on Knowledge (XXG) 1491:Kaznelson, Siegmund (1954): 1459:Forbes, Elliot (1967, ed.): 1301:Music's Intellectual History 1070:Le mieux est l'enemi du bien 303:(1967, pp. 1088–1092). 1957:Concert of 22 December 1808 1724:, vol. 6, pp. 147–180. 1652:, vol. 6, pp. 181–187. 1505:, vol. 2, pp. 115–146. 1466:Goldschmidt, Harry (1980): 1456:. Oxford: University Press. 1442:. Oxford: University Press. 1334:31, no. 7, pp. 8–21. ( 986:Schmidt-Görg (1957, p. 35). 2324: 2067:New York and San Francisco 1731:, vol. 8, pp. 89–152. 1475:Petites Amies de Beethoven 1461:Thayer's Life of Beethoven 1370:1/2, pp. 22–24. 626:, written and directed by 453:was present in Prague and 18: 2265: 2237:Beethoven Quartet Society 1982:Relationship with C minor 1963: 1908: 1672:Solomon, Maynard (1998): 1665:Solomon, Maynard (1988): 1626:Schindler, Anton (1840): 1593:The Journal of Musicology 1588:52/825, pp. 714–717. 1527:Aus Beethovens Erdentagen 1473:Hevesy, André de (1910): 1361:Michigan Quarterly Review 1257:by Patricia Stroh in the 281:Alexander Wheelock Thayer 43:parenthetical referencing 1794:30/II, pp. 661–719. 1771:The Beethoven Newsletter 1729:Bonner Beethoven-Studien 1722:Bonner Beethoven-Studien 1650:Bonner Beethoven-Studien 1619:Rolland, Romain (1928): 1612:Riezler, Walter (1962): 1503:Bonner Beethoven-Studien 1445:Czeke, Marianne (1938): 1325:The Letters of Beethoven 1947:Heiligenstadt Testament 1844:Walden, Edward (2011): 1806:Tenger, Mariam (1890): 1741:Steichen, Dana (1959): 1598:Pichler, Ernst (1994): 1452:Dahlhaus, Carl (1991): 1423:. Bonn: Beethoven-Haus. 1338:is the magazine of the 1308:Altman, Gail S (1996): 1247:See also Walden (2002). 1023:Steblin (2007), p. 149. 251:o go with me go with me 215:remain my faithful only 2232:Beethoven Project Trio 1824:. Munich: Wunderhorn. 1780:2/2, pp. 253–263. 1745:. New York: Doubleday. 1713:Steblin, Rita (2002): 1569:Recherche de Beethoven 1438:Cooper, Barry (2000): 1403:Brandenburg, Sieghard 1340:NHK Symphony Orchestra 1174:Solomon (1998), p. 238 446: 364: 94: 1865:Unsterbliche Geliebte 1839:The Beethoven Journal 1792:Analecta Musicologica 1660:The Musical Quarterly 1578:15/1, pp. 42–47. 1538:The Musical Quarterly 1525:Ley, Stephan (1957): 1435:XI/2, pp. 18–24. 1413:]. Munich: Henle. 854:La Mara (1909) p. 17. 720:The Beethoven Journal 672:For a facsimile, see 437: 359: 142:Johanna van Beethoven 103:Unsterbliche Geliebte 89: 2296:Ludwig van Beethoven 2213:Beethoven quadrangle 1997:Compositional method 1911:List of compositions 1902:Ludwig van Beethoven 1867:at Wikimedia Commons 1785:Beethoven Newsletter 1773:2/3, pp. 41–51. 1766:. Zürich: Atlantis. 1738:64/2, pp. 4–17. 1609:15/1, pp. 2–18. 1499:Kopitz, Klaus Martin 1368:Beethoven Newsletter 1356:. Munich: Iudicium. 1352:Aoki, Yayoi (2008): 1345:Aoki, Yayoi (1968): 1327:. London: Macmillan. 1303:, pp. 168–181. 417:Josephine hypothesis 219:your faithful ludwig 158:Dorothea von Ertmann 123:Berlin State Library 107:Ludwig van Beethoven 54:improve this article 19:For other uses, see 2301:Unidentified people 2208:Beethoven Peninsula 1743:Beethoven's Beloved 1540:, pp. 190–198. 863:(rev. Forbes, 1967) 745:Piano Sonata No. 14 443:Joseph Karl Stieler 389:The French authors 2085:Mähler's portraits 2047:List of sculptures 2014:Biamonti Catalogue 1800:Die Musikforschung 1642:Beethoven-Jahrbuch 1477:. Paris: Champion. 940:Goldschmidt (1980) 447: 369:Josephine Brunsvik 365: 361:Josephine Brunsvik 266:Josephine Brunsvik 182:Josephine Brunsvik 138:Josephine Brunsvik 95: 2283: 2282: 2122:Copying Beethoven 1987:Collected edition 1863:Media related to 1817:. Halle: Hendel. 1810:. Bonn: Nusser. 1688:The Musical Times 1607:Beethoven Journal 1586:The Musical Times 1576:Beethoven Journal 1482:The Musical Times 1433:Beethoven Journal 1392:Harry Goldschmidt 1312:. Anubian Press; 1261:26 (2011), p. 34. 1259:Beethoven Journal 272:(1909) published 249:I must go to bed 170:Bettina von Arnim 166:Anna Maria Erdődy 82: 81: 74: 2313: 2273: 2272: 2247:Eroica Peninsula 2227:Beethoven Frieze 2217:Beethoven crater 2106:Immortal Beloved 1969: 1952:Immortal Beloved 1895: 1888: 1881: 1872: 1862: 1667:Beethoven Essays 1656:Solomon, Maynard 1571:. Paris: Fayard. 1544:Marek, George R. 1536:and Beethoven." 1534:Immortal Beloved 1518:La Mara (1920): 1424: 1414: 1280: 1277: 1271: 1268: 1262: 1254: 1248: 1245: 1239: 1235: 1229: 1226: 1220: 1217: 1211: 1208: 1202: 1199: 1193: 1190: 1184: 1181: 1175: 1172: 1166: 1163: 1157: 1154: 1148: 1145: 1139: 1132: 1126: 1123: 1117: 1114: 1108: 1097: 1091: 1088: 1082: 1079: 1073: 1066: 1060: 1057: 1051: 1048: 1042: 1039: 1033: 1030: 1024: 1021: 1015: 1011: 1005: 1002: 996: 993: 987: 984: 978: 975: 969: 966: 960: 957: 951: 947: 941: 938: 932: 929: 923: 920: 914: 911:Brandenburg 1996 907: 901: 898: 892: 888: 882: 879: 873: 870: 864: 861: 855: 852: 846: 843: 837: 833: 827: 824:Brandenburg 1996 820: 814: 807:Schaum und Traum 803: 797: 794: 788: 785: 779: 776: 770: 767: 761: 758: 752: 741: 735: 729: 723: 709: 703: 700: 694: 691:Brandenburg 1996 687:Brandenburg 2001 683: 677: 674:Brandenburg 2001 670: 664: 660: 623:Immortal Beloved 614:Immortal Beloved 568:Bettina Brentano 451:Antonie Brentano 439:Antonie Brentano 377:Therese Brunsvik 162:Therese Malfatti 150:Therese Brunsvik 134:Antonie Brentano 99:Immortal Beloved 77: 70: 66: 63: 57: 34: 33: 26: 2323: 2322: 2316: 2315: 2314: 2312: 2311: 2310: 2286: 2285: 2284: 2279: 2261: 2222:Beethoven Burst 2186: 2177:(sister-in-law) 2133: 2073: 2042:Beethoven House 2020: 1970: 1961: 1913: 1904: 1899: 1855: 1834:. Langensalza. 1558:Brigitte Massin 1418: 1401: 1289: 1284: 1283: 1278: 1274: 1269: 1265: 1255: 1251: 1246: 1242: 1236: 1232: 1227: 1223: 1218: 1214: 1209: 1205: 1200: 1196: 1191: 1187: 1182: 1178: 1173: 1169: 1164: 1160: 1155: 1151: 1146: 1142: 1133: 1129: 1124: 1120: 1115: 1111: 1105:Brigitte Massin 1098: 1094: 1089: 1085: 1080: 1076: 1067: 1063: 1058: 1054: 1049: 1045: 1040: 1036: 1031: 1027: 1022: 1018: 1012: 1008: 1003: 999: 994: 990: 985: 981: 976: 972: 967: 963: 958: 954: 948: 944: 939: 935: 930: 926: 921: 917: 908: 904: 899: 895: 889: 885: 880: 876: 871: 867: 862: 858: 853: 849: 844: 840: 834: 830: 821: 817: 811:Achim von Arnim 804: 800: 795: 791: 786: 782: 777: 773: 768: 764: 759: 755: 742: 738: 730: 726: 710: 706: 701: 697: 684: 680: 671: 667: 661: 657: 652: 640: 618: 584: 576: 565: 461: 432: 414: 412: 395:Brigitte Massin 354: 319:Rahel Varnhagen 274:Teréz Brunszvik 261: 178: 115:Austrian Empire 78: 67: 61: 58: 51: 35: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2321: 2320: 2317: 2309: 2308: 2303: 2298: 2288: 2287: 2281: 2280: 2278: 2277: 2266: 2263: 2262: 2260: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2198:1815 Beethoven 2194: 2192: 2188: 2187: 2185: 2184: 2178: 2172: 2166: 2160: 2154: 2148: 2141: 2139: 2135: 2134: 2132: 2131: 2126: 2118: 2110: 2102: 2094: 2087: 2081: 2079: 2075: 2074: 2072: 2071: 2070: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2044: 2039: 2037:Beethovenhalle 2034: 2032:Beethoven Hall 2028: 2026: 2022: 2021: 2019: 2018: 2017: 2016: 2011: 2004:Works catalogs 2001: 2000: 1999: 1989: 1984: 1978: 1976: 1972: 1971: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1959: 1954: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1938: 1937: 1927: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1914: 1909: 1906: 1905: 1900: 1898: 1897: 1890: 1883: 1875: 1869: 1868: 1854: 1853:External links 1851: 1850: 1849: 1842: 1835: 1825: 1818: 1811: 1804: 1795: 1788: 1781: 1774: 1767: 1760: 1757: 1756:. Munich 1964. 1746: 1739: 1732: 1725: 1718: 1711: 1701: 1691: 1684: 1677: 1670: 1663: 1653: 1645: 1638: 1631: 1624: 1617: 1610: 1603: 1596: 1589: 1582: 1579: 1572: 1565: 1551: 1541: 1530: 1523: 1516: 1511:(1909) : 1506: 1496: 1489: 1478: 1471: 1464: 1457: 1450: 1443: 1436: 1429: 1426: 1416: 1405:, ed. 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Leipzig. 1336:Philharmony 1332:Philharmony 616:, 1994 film 308:Paul Bekker 56:if you can. 45:, which is 2290:Categories 2078:Depictions 1925:Birthplace 1828:Unger, Max 1238:concerned. 650:References 2165:(brother) 2159:(brother) 2025:Memorials 1674:Beethoven 1614:Beethoven 1440:Beethoven 950:composer! 595:Josephine 554:Josephine 516:Josephine 312:Die Musik 209:Esterhazy 130:watermark 101:(German " 91:Facsimile 2275:Category 2257:Three Bs 2183:(nephew) 2153:(mother) 2147:(father) 1830:(1910): 1560:(1955): 1546:(1969): 913:, #583.) 455:Karlsbad 384:Dahlhaus 189:My angel 2191:Related 2175:Johanna 1509:La Mara 1394:(ed.): 1287:Sources 732:La Mara 716:Steblin 712:Solomon 588:Steblin 547:Solomon 525:Steblin 496:Solomon 424:Solomon 285:Bohemia 270:La Mara 201:: see " 111:Teplitz 2169:Ludwig 2163:Johann 2157:Kaspar 2145:Johann 2138:Family 2114:Eroica 2098:Eroica 2052:Berlin 1935:Mozart 1556:& 1316: 836:2009). 749:Op. 27 663:since. 602:Prague 445:, 1808 334:Zürich 301:Forbes 289:Prague 168:, and 2151:Maria 1975:Music 1942:Death 1409:[ 1134:"The 346:Marek 297:Unger 41:uses 2181:Karl 2057:Bonn 1918:Life 1554:Jean 1314:ISBN 1103:and 1101:Jean 612:The 564:148) 393:and 391:Jean 136:and 97:The 2009:WoO 310:in 203:you 172:.) 2292:: 2215:/ 1803:4. 1342:.) 229:, 225:, 221:, 217:, 197:, 164:, 160:, 156:, 152:, 148:, 144:, 125:. 1894:e 1887:t 1880:v 1320:. 826:. 747:( 676:. 75:) 69:( 64:) 60:( 50:. 23:.

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