729:
6213:
1944:, about 700,000 to 800,000 people per year sustain significant burns, though very few are looked after in specialist burn units. The highest rates occur in women 16–35 years of age. Part of this high rate is related to unsafe kitchens and loose-fitting clothing typical to India. It is estimated that one-third of all burns in India are due to clothing catching fire from open flames. Intentional burns are also a common cause and occur at high rates in young women, secondary to domestic violence and self-harm.
686:
1801:
648:
1193:
1315:
involvement of specific anatomical zones, the age of the person, and associated injuries. Minor burns can typically be managed at home, moderate burns are often managed in a hospital, and major burns are managed by a burn center. Severe burn injury represents one of the most devastating forms of trauma. Despite improvements in burn care, patients can be left to suffer for as many as three years post-injury.
1061:
404:
1215:, and estimations based on a person's palm size. The rule of nines is easy to remember but only accurate in people over 16 years of age. More accurate estimates can be made using Lund and Browder charts, which take into account the different proportions of body parts in adults and children. The size of a person's handprint (including the palm and fingers) is approximately 1% of their TBSA.
782:
6254:
1324:
Experts recommend setting water heaters below 48.8 °C (119.8 °F). Other measures to prevent scalds include using a thermometer to measure bath water temperatures, and splash guards on stoves. While the effect of the regulation of fireworks is unclear, there is tentative evidence of benefit with recommendations including the limitation of the sale of fireworks to children.
1025:, and business disputes. An immersion injury or immersion scald may indicate child abuse. It is created when an extremity, or sometimes the buttocks are held under the surface of hot water. It typically produces a sharp upper border and is often symmetrical, known as "sock burns", "glove burns", or "zebra stripes" - where folds have prevented certain areas from burning. Deliberate
598:
552:
1923:
accidents in the kitchen or domestic violence. In children, deaths from burns occur at more than ten times the rate in the developing than the developed world. Overall, in children it is one of the top fifteen leading causes of death. From the 1980s to 2004, many countries have seen both a decrease in the rates of fatal burns and in burns generally.
1784:. Scarring may also result in a disturbance in body image. To treat hypertrophic scars (raised, tense, stiff and itchy scars) and limit their effect on physical function and everyday activities, silicone sheeting and compression garments are recommended. In the developing world, significant burns may result in social isolation,
473:
entirely insensitive to light touch or puncture. While superficial burns are typically red in color, severe burns may be pink, white or black. Burns around the mouth or singed hair inside the nose may indicate that burns to the airways have occurred, but these findings are not definitive. More worrisome signs include:
1931:
An estimated 500,000 burn injuries receive medical treatment yearly in the United States. They resulted in about 3,300 deaths in 2008. Most burns (70%) and deaths from burns occur in males. The highest incidence of fire burns occurs in those 18–35 years old, while the highest incidence of scalds
1606:
Risk of thromboembolism is high and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that does not resolve with maximal ventilator use is also a common complication. Scars are long-term after-effects of a burn injury. Psychological support is required to cope with the aftermath of a fire accident, while to
1598:
Burn patients require support and care – both physiological and psychological. Respiratory failure, sepsis, and multi-organ system failure are common in hospitalized burn patients. To prevent hypothermia and maintain normal body temperature, burn patients with over 20% of burn injuries should be kept
1171:
Burns can be classified by depth, mechanism of injury, extent, and associated injuries. The most commonly used classification is based on the depth of injury. The depth of a burn is usually determined via examination, although a biopsy may also be used. It may be difficult to accurately determine the
472:
The characteristics of a burn depend upon its depth. Superficial burns cause pain lasting two or three days, followed by peeling of the skin over the next few days. Individuals with more severe burns may indicate discomfort or complain of feeling pressure rather than pain. Full-thickness burns may be
1570:
is of poor quality. While it might be beneficial in reducing pain, and a review from 2007 found tentative evidence of improved healing times, a subsequent review from 2012 did not find improved healing over silver sulfadiazine. There were only three randomized controlled trials for the use of plants
742:
Burns are caused by a variety of external sources classified as thermal (heat-related), chemical, electrical, and radiation. In the United States, the most common causes of burns are: fire or flame (44%), scalds (33%), hot objects (9%), electricity (4%), and chemicals (3%). Most (69%) burn injuries
1722:
injury, other significant injuries such as long bone fractures, and serious co-morbidities (e.g. heart disease, diabetes, psychiatric illness, and suicidal intent) also influence prognosis. On average, of those admitted to burn centers in the United States, 4% die, with the outcome for individuals
1582:, which may include applications of eggs, mud, leaves or cow dung. Surgical management is limited in some cases due to insufficient financial resources and availability. There are a number of other methods that may be used in addition to medications to reduce procedural pain and anxiety including:
1414:
Early cooling (within 30 minutes of the burn) reduces burn depth and pain, but care must be taken as over-cooling can result in hypothermia. It should be performed with cool water 10–25 °C (50.0–77.0 °F) and not ice water as the latter can cause further injury. Chemical burns may require
1336:
may be required. This is followed by care of the burn wound itself. People with extensive burns may be wrapped in clean sheets until they arrive at a hospital. As burn wounds are prone to infection, a tetanus booster shot should be given if an individual has not been immunized within the last five
1323:
Historically, about half of all burns were deemed preventable. Burn prevention programs have significantly decreased rates of serious burns. Preventive measures include: limiting hot water temperatures, smoke alarms, sprinkler systems, proper construction of buildings, and fire-resistant clothing.
831:
are a common cause of burns during holiday seasons in many countries. This is a particular risk for adolescent males. In the United States, for non-fatal burn injuries to children, white males under the age of 6 comprise most cases. Thermal burns from grabbing/touching and spilling/splashing
463:
formula based on body weight and surface area (BSA) damaged. The first 24 hours of treatment entails 1ml/kg/% BSA of crystalloids plus 1 ml/kg/% BSA colloids plus 2000ml glucose in water, and in the next 24 hours, crystalloids at 0.5 ml/kg/% BSA, colloids at 0.5 ml/kg/% BSA, and the same amount of
1362:
can help determine the volume of intravenous fluids required over the first 24 hours. The formula is based on the affected individual's TBSA and weight. Half of the fluid is administered over the first 8 hours, and the remainder over the following 16 hours. The time is calculated
455:
solutions, which significantly reduced mortality. In the 1940s, the importance of early excision and skin grafting was acknowledged, and around the same time, fluid resuscitation and formulas to guide it were developed. In the 1970s, researchers demonstrated the significance of the hypermetabolic
1727:
has historically been used to determine prognosis of major burns. However, with improved care, it is no longer very accurate. The score is determined by adding the size of the burn (% TBSA) to the age of the person and taking that to be more or less equal to the risk of death. Burns in 2013
826:
in baths or showers, hot cooking oil, or steam. Scald injuries are most common in children under the age of five and, in the United States and
Australia, this population makes up about two-thirds of all burns. Contact with hot objects is the cause of about 20–30% of burns in children. Generally,
1357:
should be given. In children with more than 10–20% TBSA (Total Body
Surface Area) burns, and adults with more than 15% TBSA burns, formal fluid resuscitation and monitoring should follow. This should be begun pre-hospital if possible in those with burns greater than 25% TBSA. The
1602:
Metabolism in burn patients proceeds at a higher than normal speed due to the whole-body process and rapid fatty acid substrate cycles, which can be countered with an adequate supply of energy, nutrients, and antioxidants. Enteral feeding a day after resuscitation is required to reduce risk of
1314:
To determine the need for referral to a specialized burn unit, the
American Burn Association devised a classification system. Under this system, burns can be classified as major, moderate, and minor. This is assessed based on a number of factors, including total body surface area affected, the
1922:
In the developed world, adult males have twice the mortality as females from burns. This is most probably due to their higher risk occupations and greater risk-taking activities. In many countries in the developing world, however, females have twice the risk of males. This is often related to
1552:
Skin grafts can involve temporary skin substitutes, derived from animal (human donor or pig) skin or synthesized. They are used to cover the wound as a dressing, preventing infection and fluid loss, but will eventually need to be removed. Alternatively, human skin can be treated to be left on
1422:
In the management of first and second-degree burns, little quality evidence exists to determine which dressing type to use. It is reasonable to manage first-degree burns without dressings. While topical antibiotics are often recommended, there is little evidence to support their use.
1337:
years. In the United States, 95% of burns that present to the emergency department are treated and discharged; 5% require hospital admission. With major burns, early feeding is important. Protein intake should also be increased, and trace elements and vitamins are often required.
1723:
dependent on the extent of the burn injury. For example, admittees with burn areas less than 10% TBSA had a mortality rate of less than 1%, while admittees with over 90% TBSA had a mortality rate of 85%. In
Afghanistan, people with more than 60% TBSA burns rarely survive. The
1419:, and application of dressings are important aspects of wound care. If intact blisters are present, it is not clear what should be done with them. Some tentative evidence supports leaving them intact. Second-degree burns should be re-evaluated after two days.
1760:
and respiratory failure. Risk factors for infection include: burns of more than 30% TBSA, full-thickness burns, extremes of age (young or old), or burns involving the legs or perineum. Pneumonia occurs particularly commonly in those with inhalation injuries.
489:
is common during the healing process, occurring in up to 90% of adults and nearly all children. Numbness or tingling may persist for a prolonged period of time after an electrical injury. Burns may also produce emotional and psychological distress.
1932:
occurs in children less than five years old and adults over 65. Electrical burns result in about 1,000 deaths per year. Lightning results in the death of about 60 people a year. In Europe, intentional burns occur most commonly in middle aged men.
1029:
most often found on the face, or the back of the hands and feet. Other high-risk signs of potential abuse include: circumferential burns, the absence of splash marks, a burn of uniform depth, and association with other signs of neglect or abuse.
1607:
prevent scars and long-term damage to the skin and other body structures consulting with burn specialists, preventing infections, consuming nutritious foods, early and aggressive rehabilitation, and using compressive clothing are recommended.
6372:
6353:
6326:
378:
In 2015, fire and heat resulted in 67 million injuries. This resulted in about 2.9 million hospitalizations and 176,000 deaths. Among women in much of the world, burns are most commonly related to the use of open cooking fires or unsafe
1556:
There is no evidence that the use of copper sulphate to visualise phosphorus particles for removal can help with wound healing due to phosphorus burns. Meanwhile, absorption of copper sulphate into the blood circulation can be harmful.
1367:. Additionally, those with inhalation injuries require more fluid. While inadequate fluid resuscitation may cause problems, over-resuscitation can also be detrimental. The formulas are only a guide, with infusions ideally tailored to a
281:), solids, or fire. Burns occur mainly in the home or the workplace. In the home, risks are associated with domestic kitchens, including stoves, flames, and hot liquids. In the workplace, risks are associated with fire and chemical and
52:
1072:
and start breaking down. This results in cell and tissue damage. Many of the direct health effects of a burn are caused by failure of the skin to perform its normal functions, which include: protection from bacteria, skin sensation,
1525:
916:
may also result in electrical burns. Risk factors for being struck include involvement in outdoor activities such as mountain climbing, golf and field sports, and working outside. Mortality from a lightning strike is about 10%.
817:
In the United States, fire and hot liquids are the most common causes of burns. Of house fires that result in death, smoking causes 25% and heating devices cause 22%. Almost half of injuries are due to efforts to fight a fire.
1902:
In 2015 fire and heat resulted in 67 million injuries. This resulted in about 2.9 million hospitalizations and 238,000 dying. This is down from 300,000 deaths in 1990. This makes it the fourth leading cause of injuries after
5740:
411:
Cave paintings from more than 3,500 years ago document burns and their management. The earliest
Egyptian records on treating burns describes dressings prepared with milk from mothers of baby boys, and the 1500 BCE
1001:, redness seen after 10 Gy, wet skin peeling after 20 Gy, and necrosis after 30 Gy. Redness, if it occurs, may not appear until some time after exposure. Radiation burns are treated the same as other burns.
1204:(TBSA) affected by partial thickness or full thickness burns. First-degree burns that are only red in color and are not blistering are not included in this estimation. Most burns (70%) involve less than 10% of the TBSA.
750:
Burn injuries occur more commonly among the poor. Smoking and alcoholism are other risk factors. Fire-related burns are generally more common in colder climates. Specific risk factors in the developing world include
1540:
or flaps (typically anything more than a small full thickness burn) should be dealt with as early as possible. Circumferential burns of the limbs or chest may need urgent surgical release of the skin, known as an
1565:
Honey has been used since ancient times to aid wound healing and may be beneficial in first- and second-degree burns. There is moderate evidence that honey helps heal partial thickness burns. The evidence for
4144:
Jeschke MG, Gauglitz GG, Kulp GA, Finnerty CC, Williams FN, Kraft R, Suman OE, Mlcak RP, Herndon DN: Long-term persistence of the pathophysi-ologic response to severe burn injury.PLoS One6:E21245,
936:. In high voltage injuries, most damage may occur internally and thus the extent of the injury cannot be judged by examination of the skin alone. Contact with either low voltage or high voltage may produce
2413:"Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
2359:"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015"
391:. While large burns can be fatal, treatments developed since 1960 have improved outcomes, especially in children and young adults. In the United States, approximately 96% of those admitted to a
351:. It is not clear how to manage blisters, but it is probably reasonable to leave them intact if small and drain them if large. Full-thickness burns usually require surgical treatments, such as
5912:"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013"
1603:
infection, recovery time, non-infectious complications, hospital stay, long-term damage, and mortality. Controlling blood glucose levels can have an impact on liver function and survival.
4131:
Barayan D, Vinaik R, Auger C, Knuth CM, Abdullahi A, Jeschke MG. Inhibition of
Lipolysis With Acipimox Attenuates Postburn White Adipose Tissue Browning and Hepatic Fat Infiltration.
1776:
is estimated to occur in 6 to 25% of people. The hypermetabolic state that may persist for years after a major burn can result in a decrease in bone density and a loss of muscle mass.
1089:
via dehydration (i.e. water in the body evaporated away). Disruption of cell membranes causes cells to lose potassium to the spaces outside the cell and to take up water and sodium.
5747:
5533:
Bahramsoltani R, Farzaei MH, Rahimi R (September 2014). "Medicinal plants and their natural components as future drugs for the treatment of burn wounds: an integrative review".
3653:
Kearns RD, Cairns CB, Holmes JH, Rich PB, Cairns BA (January 2013). "Thermal burn care: a review of best practices. What should prehospital providers do for these patients?".
3242:
Forjuoh SN (August 2006). "Burns in low- and middle-income countries: a review of available literature on descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and prevention".
304:. They appear red without blisters, and pain typically lasts around three days. When the injury extends into some of the underlying skin layer, it is a partial-thickness or
443:
The first hospital to treat burns opened in 1843 in London, England, and the development of modern burn care began in the late 1800s and early 1900s. During World War I,
1780:
may form subsequent to a burn, particularly in those who are young and dark skinned. Following a burn, children may have significant psychological trauma and experience
989:). Sun exposure is the most common cause of radiation burns and the most common cause of superficial burns overall. There is significant variation in how easily people
728:
1196:
Burn severity is determined through, among other things, the size of the skin affected. The image shows the makeup of different body parts, to help assess burn size.
5972:
1494:
are recommended before surgery for those with extensive burns (>60% TBSA). As of 2008, guidelines do not recommend their general use due to concerns regarding
1402:
level falls below 60-80 g/L (6-8 g/dL) due to the associated risk of complications. Intravenous catheters may be placed through burned skin if needed or
2880:
1479:
may be used to aid with itching. Antihistamines, however, are only effective for this purpose in 20% of people. There is tentative evidence supporting the use of
5888:
685:
5988:"Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010"
4497:
Eljaiek R, Heylbroeck C, Dubois MJ (February 2017). "Albumin administration for fluid resuscitation in burn patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis".
5498:
Maenthaisong R, Chaiyakunapruk N, Niruntraporn S, Kongkaew C (September 2007). "The efficacy of aloe vera used for burn wound healing: a systematic review".
1427:(a type of antibiotic) is not recommended as it potentially prolongs healing time. There is insufficient evidence to support the use of dressings containing
420:
of resin. Many other treatments have been used over the ages, including the use of tea leaves by the
Chinese documented to 600 BCE, pig fat and vinegar by
6487:
3340:
Maguire S, Moynihan S, Mann M, Potokar T, Kemp AM (December 2008). "A systematic review of the features that indicate intentional scalds in children".
1332:
Resuscitation begins with the assessment and stabilization of the person's airway, breathing and circulation. If inhalation injury is suspected, early
5321:
Wijesinghe M, Weatherall M, Perrin K, Beasley R (May 2009). "Honey in the treatment of burns: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its efficacy".
647:
2564:
3414:
316:, the injury extends to all layers of the skin. Often there is no pain and the burnt area is stiff. Healing typically does not occur on its own. A
2616:"The global burden of injury: incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years and time trends from the Global Burden of Disease study 2013"
6806:
1363:
from when the burn occurred, and not from the time that fluid resuscitation began. Children require additional maintenance fluid that includes
5139:
1545:. This is done to treat or prevent problems with distal circulation, or ventilation. It is uncertain if it is useful for neck or digit burns.
6801:
6153:
5720:
5686:
5617:
5180:
5023:
4949:
4385:
4197:
4166:
4112:
4074:
3989:
3945:
3883:
3765:
3735:
3633:
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3313:
3208:
3089:
3003:
2941:
2824:
2799:
2793:
2693:
2589:
2289:
2243:
2143:
1518:(rhGH) in those with burns that involve more than 40% of their body appears to speed healing without affecting the risk of death. The use of
4252:
Cianci P, Slade JB, Sato RM, Faulkner J (January–February 2013). "Adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of thermal burns".
1040:, occurs in some cultures, such as India where women have been burned in revenge for what the husband or his family consider an inadequate
5692:
4779:
Storm-Versloot MN, Vos CG, Ubbink DT, Vermeulen H (March 2010). Storm-Versloot MN (ed.). "Topical silver for preventing wound infection".
4080:
3214:
5726:
5186:
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4118:
3771:
3639:
6159:
5623:
4391:
4172:
3951:
3392:
3319:
2830:
2595:
4902:
Zachariah JR, Rao AL, Prabha R, Gupta AK, Paul MK, Lamba S (August 2012). "Post burn pruritus--a review of current treatment options".
1578:
helps with keloids or scarring. Butter is not recommended. In low income countries, burns are treated up to one-third of the time with
335:
Burns are generally preventable. Treatment depends on the severity of the burn. Superficial burns may be managed with little more than
3587:
Edlich RF, Farinholt HM, Winters KL, Britt LD, Long WB (2005). "Modern concepts of treatment and prevention of lightning injuries".
2469:
832:
were the most common type of burn and mechanism, while the bodily areas most impacted were hands and fingers followed by head/neck.
6053:
Edlich RF, Farinholt HM, Winters KL, Britt LD, Long WB (2005). "Modern concepts of treatment and prevention of electrical burns".
5242:
3483:
Hardwicke J, Hunter T, Staruch R, Moiemen N (May 2012). "Chemical burns--an historical comparison and review of the literature".
2488:
2330:
1515:
1476:
6244:
4217:
Rousseau AF, Losser MR, Ichai C, Berger MM (August 2013). "ESPEN endorsed recommendations: nutritional therapy in major burns".
6243:
1915:. This has been attributed partly to overcrowding and an unsafe cooking situation. Overall, nearly 60% of fatal burns occur in
1432:
6177:
2722:
6480:
4859:
Chaganti P, Gordon I, Chao JH, Zehtabchi S (June 2019). "A systematic review of foam dressings for partial thickness burns".
3407:
1781:
1733:
4532:
Curinga G, Jain A, Feldman M, Prosciak M, Phillips B, Milner S (August 2011). "Red blood cell transfusion following burn".
1804:
1379:
912:. The most common causes of electrical burns in children are electrical cords (60%) followed by electrical outlets (14%).
6816:
5145:
1172:
depth of a burn on a single examination and repeated examinations over a few days may be necessary. In those who have a
5880:
5637:
1729:
1069:
997:. Skin effects from ionizing radiation depend on the amount of exposure to the area, with hair loss seen after 3
827:
scalds are first- or second-degree burns, but third-degree burns may also result, especially with prolonged contact.
743:
occur at home or at work (9%), and most are accidental, with 2% due to assault by another, and 1–2% resulting from a
551:
6627:
3550:"Maggot debridement therapy for an electrical burn injury with instructions for the use of Lucilia sericata larvae"
2744:
Pećanac M, Janjić Z, Komarcević A, Pajić M, Dobanovacki D, Misković SS (2013). "Burns treatment in ancient times".
756:
752:
4069:(1st Canadian ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1516.
6473:
6278:
1177:
395:
survive their injuries. The long-term outcome is related to the size of burn and the age of the person affected.
383:. Among men, they are more likely a result of unsafe workplace conditions. Most deaths due to burns occur in the
1919:
with a rate of 11.6 per 100,000. The number of fatal burns has changed from 280,000 in 1990 to 176,000 in 2015.
1502:. Tentative evidence, however, shows that they may improve survival rates in those with large and severe burns.
6431:
6391:
1757:
1435:. Silver sulfadiazine does not appear to differ from silver containing foam dressings with respect to healing.
867:
3132:
Peck MD (November 2011). "Epidemiology of burns throughout the world. Part I: Distribution and risk factors".
597:
3521:
Makarovsky I, Markel G, Dushnitsky T, Eisenkraft A (May 2008). "Hydrogen fluoride--the protoplasmic poison".
1506:
has not been found effective to prevent or treat anemia in burn cases. In burns caused by hydrofluoric acid,
805:
308:. Blisters are frequently present and they are often very painful. Healing can require up to eight weeks and
6652:
1904:
1583:
1201:
115:
6347:
6339:
3792:
Peck MD (August 2012). "Epidemiology of burns throughout the World. Part II: intentional burns in adults".
1983:
6811:
2552:
1764:
Anemia secondary to full thickness burns of greater than 10% TBSA is common. Electrical burns may lead to
1372:
1338:
1212:
1121:
1077:, and prevention of evaporation of the body's water. Disruption of these functions can lead to infection,
429:
73:
822:
is caused by hot liquids or gases and most commonly occurs from exposure to hot drinks, high temperature
5953:
5741:"ACI Statewide Burn Injury Service. Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Clinical Practice Guidelines"
1495:
1403:
1208:
1093:
636:
31:
6622:
3170:
Lloyd EC, Rodgers BC, Michener M, Williams MS (January 2012). "Outpatient burns: prevention and care".
1718:
The prognosis is worse in those with larger burns, those who are older, and females. The presence of a
747:
attempt. These sources can cause inhalation injury to the airway and/or lungs, occurring in about 6%.
6274:
6219:
6212:
5681:(2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1077.
1773:
1765:
1579:
444:
343:. Cooling with tap water may help pain and decrease damage; however, prolonged cooling may result in
1800:
1009:. While exposures as short as two seconds may cause injury, overall this is an uncommon occurrence.
794:
6796:
6734:
6376:
5207:
Orgill DP, Piccolo N (September–October 2009). "Escharotomy and decompressive therapies in burns".
1424:
986:
937:
863:
474:
452:
437:
413:
4940:
Herndon D, ed. (2012). "Chapter 64: Management of pain and other discomforts in burned patients".
2783:
874:
can cause particularly deep burns that may not become symptomatic until some time after exposure.
6702:
6612:
6515:
6035:
5862:
5558:
4884:
4430:
4307:
3465:
3049:
2614:
Haagsma JA, Graetz N, Bolliger I, Naghavi M, Higashi H, Mullany EC, et al. (February 2016).
2277:
1395:
1387:
1160:
974:
933:
929:
380:
348:
84:
896:
Electrical burns or injuries are classified as high voltage (greater than or equal to 1000
5676:
4064:
3198:
3024:
Goutos I, Dziewulski P, Richardson PM (March–April 2009). "Pruritus in burns: review article".
6442:
6402:
6343:
6335:
6149:
6124:
6070:
6066:
6027:
5941:
5854:
5846:
5805:
5772:
Monstrey S, Middelkoop E, Vranckx JJ, Bassetto F, Ziegler UE, Meaume S, Téot L (August 2014).
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5019:
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4919:
4876:
4841:
4792:
4761:
4714:
4665:
4611:
4549:
4514:
4479:
4422:
4381:
4356:
4299:
4282:
Enoch S, Roshan A, Shah M (April 2009). "Emergency and early management of burns and scalds".
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4187:
4162:
4108:
4102:
4070:
4045:
3985:
3941:
3916:
3899:
Jutla RK, Heimbach D (March–April 2004). "Love burns: An essay about bride burning in India".
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282:
205:
64:
6143:
5607:
4375:
4156:
3935:
3376:
3303:
2814:
2231:
6770:
6678:
6617:
6597:
6565:
6560:
6259:
6114:
6106:
6062:
6017:
6007:
5999:
5931:
5923:
5836:
5795:
5785:
5542:
5507:
5470:
5462:
5418:
5410:
5369:
5361:
5293:
5285:
5216:
5111:
5101:
5060:
5052:
4986:
4978:
4911:
4868:
4831:
4823:
4784:
4751:
4741:
4704:
4696:
4655:
4647:
4601:
4591:
4583:
4541:
4506:
4469:
4461:
4448:
Lewis SR, Pritchard MW, Evans DJ, Butler AR, Alderson P, Smith AF, Roberts I (August 2018).
4414:
4346:
4338:
4291:
4226:
4035:
4027:
3908:
3843:
3801:
3693:
3596:
3561:
3492:
3447:
3349:
3251:
3141:
3033:
2853:
2753:
2635:
2627:
2432:
2424:
2378:
2370:
2175:
1912:
1719:
1359:
1350:
1074:
847:
573:
433:
384:
5014:
Herndon D, ed. (2012). "Chapter 31: Etiology and prevention of multisystem organ failure".
1483:
and its use may be reasonable in those who do not improve with antihistamines. Intravenous
1052:(setting oneself on fire) is also used as a form of protest in various parts of the world.
6570:
6550:
6520:
6453:
5986:
Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, et al. (December 2012).
5965:
5579:
Juckett G, Hartman-Adams H (August 2009). "Management of keloids and hypertrophic scars".
4965:
Wasiak J, Mahar PD, McGuinness SK, Spinks A, Danilla S, Cleland H, Tan HB (October 2014).
1785:
1460:
1444:
1192:
1144:
1049:
1026:
1017:
In those hospitalized from scalds or fire burns, 3–10% are from assault. Reasons include:
891:
846:
Chemical burns can be caused by over 25,000 substances, most of which are either a strong
77:
6286:
5348:
Norman G, Christie J, Liu Z, Westby MJ, Jefferies JM, Hudson T, et al. (July 2017).
2932:
Herndon D, ed. (2012). "Chapter 10: Evaluation of the burn wound: management decisions".
6022:
4756:
4733:
4732:
Barajas-Nava LA, López-Alcalde J, Roqué i Figuls M, Solà I, Bonfill Cosp X (June 2013).
6791:
5936:
5911:
5475:
5423:
5398:
5374:
5349:
5298:
5273:
5116:
5089:
5065:
5040:
4991:
4966:
4836:
4811:
4709:
4684:
4660:
4635:
4606:
4571:
4474:
4449:
4040:
4015:
3912:
3436:"Children Younger Than 18 Years Treated for Nonfatal Burns in US Emergency Departments"
2640:
2615:
2496:
2437:
2412:
2383:
2358:
2322:
1769:
1503:
1468:
1391:
1368:
1148:
1136:
1129:
1125:
1002:
958:
953:
941:
879:
388:
372:
209:
6119:
6094:
6003:
5927:
5272:
Barqouni L, Abu
Shaaban N, Elessi K, et al. (Cochrane Wounds Group) (June 2014).
5250:
4351:
4326:
3277:
2757:
2428:
2411:
Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber R, Bhutta Z, Carter A, et al. (October 2016).
2374:
6785:
6724:
6555:
6540:
6012:
4888:
4683:
Hoogewerf CJ, Hop MJ, Nieuwenhuis MK, Oen IM, Middelkoop E, Van Baar ME (July 2020).
3549:
3469:
2857:
2232:"Chapter 3: Epidemiological, Demographic, and Outcome Characteristics of Burn Injury"
1537:
1452:
1383:
1097:
1048:
represent 13% of intentional burns, and are frequently related to domestic violence.
1045:
1033:
966:
859:
841:
640:
460:
448:
352:
179:
6385:
6381:
6291:
5866:
5562:
4311:
3848:
3831:
3760:(2nd ed.). Philadelphia, Pa. : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 205.
2357:
Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, et al. (October 2016).
17:
6765:
6711:
6693:
6602:
6545:
6186:
6039:
5638:"Medically Sound: Treating and Caring for Burn, Electricity, and Radiation Victims"
5466:
5414:
5365:
5289:
5056:
4982:
4827:
4788:
4746:
4700:
4587:
4465:
4434:
4192:(5th ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 422.
3053:
2714:
2631:
1113:
1078:
1060:
909:
768:
403:
5774:"Updated Scar Management Practical Guidelines: Non-invasive and invasive measures"
4636:"Prophylactic antibiotics for burns patients: systematic review and meta-analysis"
4135:
2020;53(2):137-145. doi:10.1097/SHK.0000000000001439, 10.1097/SHK.0000000000001439
790:
6396:
6242:
5220:
4418:
4031:
3565:
3037:
2681:
2136:
Emergency
Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (Emergency Medicine (Tintinalli))
1092:
In large burns (over 30% of the total body surface area), there is a significant
407:
Guillaume
Dupuytren (1777–1835), who developed the degree classification of burns
6760:
6755:
6657:
6647:
6437:
6301:
5511:
5450:
4915:
4545:
4510:
3805:
3496:
3434:
Mitchell M, Kistamgari S, Chounthirath T, McKenzie LB, Smith GA (January 2020).
3353:
3255:
3145:
1916:
1542:
1416:
1156:
1109:
1101:
1082:
1022:
1018:
998:
970:
875:
451:
developed standards for the cleaning and disinfecting of burns and wounds using
421:
392:
347:. Partial-thickness burns may require cleaning with soap and water, followed by
344:
340:
274:
254:
173:
154:
69:
6185:. Dataset Version 8.0. Chicago: American Burn Association. 2012. Archived from
5790:
5773:
5397:
Jull AB, Cullum N, Dumville JC, Westby MJ, Deshpande S, Walker N (March 2015).
4967:"Intravenous lidocaine for the treatment of background or procedural burn pain"
4872:
4450:"Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people"
4230:
3203:(9th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1109.
2179:
1748:
being the most common. In order of frequency, potential complications include:
300:
Burns that affect only the superficial skin layers are known as superficial or
6739:
6683:
6592:
6465:
6407:
5675:
King C, Henretig FM, King BR, Loiselle J, Ruddy RM, Wiley II JF, eds. (2008).
5546:
4565:
4563:
1984:"Burns - British Association of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons"
1753:
1724:
1546:
1528:(Stratagraft) was approved for medical use in the United States in June 2021.
1491:
1480:
1399:
1333:
1152:
1006:
905:
721:
589:
336:
286:
199:
183:
6110:
5850:
4342:
3452:
3435:
2163:
6729:
6720:
6662:
6607:
6448:
6366:
6362:
1958:
1749:
1745:
1575:
1567:
1484:
1464:
1448:
1443:
Burns can be very painful and a number of different options may be used for
994:
921:
913:
855:
828:
823:
525:
368:
360:
290:
266:
258:
166:
158:
120:
6128:
6074:
6031:
5945:
5858:
5823:
Meaume S, Le Pillouer-Prost A, Richert B, Roseeuw D, Vadoud J (July 2014).
5809:
5592:
5554:
5519:
5484:
5432:
5383:
5334:
5307:
5228:
5125:
5074:
5000:
4923:
4880:
4845:
4796:
4765:
4718:
4669:
4615:
4553:
4518:
4483:
4426:
4360:
4303:
4265:
4238:
4049:
3920:
3857:
3813:
3707:
3698:
3681:
3666:
3625:
Forensic pathology for police, death investigators, and forensic scientists
3608:
3573:
3534:
3504:
3461:
3361:
3263:
3183:
3153:
3045:
2892:
2765:
2649:
2446:
2392:
2187:
1526:
Allogeneic cultured keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts in murine collagen
332:. The burn is often black and frequently leads to loss of the burned part.
5841:
5824:
2865:
6688:
6588:
5800:
5140:"FDA Approves StrataGraft for the Treatment of Adults with Thermal Burns"
4107:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 216–219.
1963:
1908:
1587:
1519:
1511:
1173:
1140:
1117:
920:
While electrical injuries primarily result in burns, they may also cause
819:
530:
486:
482:
309:
294:
278:
262:
162:
93:
6262:
was created from a revision of this article dated 26 July 2014
5825:"Management of scars: updated practical guidelines and use of silicones"
289:
and smoking are other risk factors. Burns can also occur as a result of
51:
6532:
4596:
1953:
1777:
1499:
1472:
1456:
1364:
990:
744:
620:
569:
478:
270:
6318:
4327:"Initial management of a major burn: II--assessment and resuscitation"
4295:
1599:
in an environment with the temperature at or above 30 degree Celsius.
1068:
At temperatures greater than 44 °C (111 °F), proteins begin
789:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
6639:
6580:
6501:
6426:
6357:
6330:
6297:
5910:
GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (January 2015).
5041:"Recombinant human growth hormone for treating burns and donor sites"
4651:
1428:
982:
715:
703:
696:
Extends through entire skin, and into underlying fat, muscle and bone
612:
563:
325:
321:
238:
5987:
5106:
4634:
Avni T, Levcovich A, Ad-El DD, Leibovici L, Paul M (February 2010).
4014:
Rojas Y, Finnerty CC, Radhakrishnan RS, Herndon DN (December 2012).
2844:
Hutcher N, Haynes BW Jr (June 1972). "The Evans Formula Revisited".
2715:"Burn Incidence and Treatment in the United States: 2012 Fact Sheet"
5090:"Clinical review: the critical care management of the burn patient"
1207:
There are a number of methods to determine the TBSA, including the
436:
was the first to describe different degrees of burns in the 1500s.
339:, while major burns may require prolonged treatment in specialized
6706:
6697:
6497:
1941:
1799:
1398:
are rarely required. They are typically only recommended when the
1191:
1105:
1059:
1041:
901:
897:
699:
666:
662:
616:
425:
417:
402:
364:
3080:
Marx J (2010). "Chapter 140: Electrical and Lightning Injuries".
6217:
Knowledge's health care articles can be viewed offline with the
3982:
Rosen's emergency medicine : concepts and clinical practice
3728:
Rosen's emergency medicine : concepts and clinical practice
3302:
Eisen S, Murphy C (2009). Murphy C, Gardiner M, Eisen S (eds.).
3082:
Rosen's emergency medicine : concepts and clinical practice
851:
539:
329:
250:
246:
242:
150:
146:
6469:
2464:(7th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 45.
1394:, and as colloids are more expensive they are not recommended.
812:
Rate of deaths (per 100,000) due to fire between 1990 and 2017.
724:, significant functional impairment and, in some cases, death.
681:
Scarring, contractures, amputation (early excision recommended)
4066:
Porth pathophysiology : concepts of altered health states
3940:. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. p. 82.
3874:
Herndon D, ed. (2012). "Chapter 61: Intential burn injuries".
3381:. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. p. 86.
2998:(9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Division.
775:
440:
expanded these degrees into six different severities in 1832.
5088:
Snell JA, Loh NH, Mahambrey T, Shokrollahi K (October 2013).
4812:"Negative pressure wound therapy for partial-thickness burns"
3682:"Ultraviolet radiation: a hazard to children and adolescents"
432:
documented to the 1st century CE. French barber-surgeon
6240:
4734:"Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing burn wound infection"
1809:
1590:, and behavioral approaches such as distraction techniques.
1371:
of >30 mL/h in adults or >1mL/kg in children and
4405:
Endorf FW, Ahrenholz D (December 2011). "Burn management".
1487:
requires more study before it can be recommended for pain.
1382:
is often used, there is no evidence that it is superior to
1147:
that can last for years. This is associated with increased
459:
The "Evans formula", described in 1952, was the first burn
5778:
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
2682:"Chapter 1: A Brief History of Acute Burn Care Management"
5612:(3rd ed.). New York, NY: Facts on File. p. 64.
2584:(2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders. p. 235.
4570:
Wasiak J, Cleland H, Campbell F, Spinks A (March 2013).
320:
additionally involves injury to deeper tissues, such as
138:
First degree, second degree, third degree, fourth degree
4572:"Dressings for superficial and partial thickness burns"
3878:(4th ed.). Edinburgh: Saunders. pp. 689–698.
3305:
Training in paediatrics : the essential curriculum
2138:. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. pp. 1374–1386.
277:). Most burns are due to heat from hot liquids (called
27:
Injury to flesh or skin, often caused by excessive heat
3832:"Child abuse: skin markers and differential diagnosis"
30:
This article is about the injury. For other uses, see
2788:(3rd ed.). Edinburgh: Saunders. p. 393.e1.
1341:
may be useful in addition to traditional treatments.
6308:
2816:
The life and times of Guillaume Dupuytren, 1777–1835
1415:
extensive irrigation. Cleaning with soap and water,
6748:
6671:
6638:
6579:
6531:
6508:
6417:
6312:
4810:Dumville JC, Munson C, Christie J (December 2014).
2819:. Brussels: Brussels University Press. p. 60.
854:(26%). Most chemical burn deaths are secondary to
223:
215:
198:
190:
172:
142:
134:
126:
114:
83:
63:
44:
6095:"Burns in the developing world and burn disasters"
5449:Dat AD, Poon F, Pham KB, Doust J (February 2012).
5039:Breederveld RS, Tuinebreijer WE (September 2014).
5018:(4th ed.). Edinburgh: Saunders. p. 664.
4944:(4th ed.). Edinburgh: Saunders. p. 726.
3726:Marx J (2010). "Chapter 144: Radiation Injuries".
2936:(4th ed.). Edinburgh: Saunders. p. 127.
1571:for burns, two for aloe vera and one for oatmeal.
1467:to help with anxiety. During the healing process,
1224:American Burn Association severity classification
1200:The size of a burn is measured as a percentage of
878:may cause the breakdown of significant numbers of
5715:(4th ed.). New York: Guilford. p. 421.
5451:"Aloe vera for treating acute and chronic wounds"
3757:Clinical environmental health and toxic exposures
2284:(4th ed.). Edinburgh: Saunders. p. 46.
2238:(4th ed.). Edinburgh: Saunders. p. 23.
1298:Significant burn to face, joints, hands, or feet
1112:, with the remaining blood suffering significant
367:. The most common complications of burns involve
355:. Extensive burns often require large amounts of
6055:Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants
3589:Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants
2688:(4th ed.). Edinburgh: Saunders. p. 1.
2157:
2155:
1807:for fires per 100,000 inhabitants in 2004.
1514:and may be used intravenously and/or topically.
3308:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 36.
2553:"An Evidence-Based Approach to Pediatric Burns"
5661:
5659:
5202:
5200:
5198:
5196:
4104:An introduction to clinical emergency medicine
3984:(7th ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby/Elsevier.
3730:(7th ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby/Elsevier.
3721:
3719:
3717:
3084:(7th ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby/Elsevier.
3075:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3063:
6481:
5274:"Interventions for treating phosphorus burns"
4016:"Burns: an update on current pharmacotherapy"
3901:The Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation
3825:
3823:
559:Superficial partial thickness (second-degree)
8:
4277:
4275:
3980:Marx J (2010). "Chapter 60: Thermal Burns".
3975:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3749:
3747:
3019:
3017:
3015:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2777:
2775:
2352:
2350:
2348:
1447:. These include simple analgesics (such as
759:in children and chronic diseases in adults.
678:Prolonged (months) and unfinished/incomplete
6088:
6086:
6084:
5704:
5702:
5609:The encyclopedia of skin and skin disorders
5574:
5572:
5455:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
5444:
5442:
5403:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
5354:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
5278:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
5172:Handbook of Burns Volume 1: Acute Burn Care
5045:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4971:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4935:
4933:
4816:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4781:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4738:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4689:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4629:
4627:
4625:
4576:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4454:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
4377:Handbook of Burns Volume 1: Acute Burn Care
4158:Handbook of Burns Volume 1: Acute Burn Care
3869:
3867:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3121:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2164:"Management of local burn wounds in the ED"
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
1176:or are dizzy and have a fire-related burn,
6488:
6474:
6466:
6309:
6148:. Jaypee Brothers Publishers. p. 42.
5881:"WHO Disease and injury country estimates"
5678:Textbook of pediatric emergency procedures
4861:The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
4096:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4009:
4007:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3830:Gondim RM, Muñoz DR, Petri V (June 2011).
3335:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3165:
3163:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3101:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2483:
2481:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2168:The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1744:A number of complications may occur, with
1116:loss, making the blood more concentrated.
492:
50:
41:
6118:
6067:10.1615/jlongtermeffmedimplants.v15.i5.50
6021:
6011:
5935:
5840:
5799:
5789:
5474:
5422:
5399:"Honey as a topical treatment for wounds"
5373:
5297:
5115:
5105:
5064:
4990:
4835:
4755:
4745:
4708:
4659:
4605:
4595:
4473:
4350:
4039:
3847:
3697:
3601:10.1615/jlongtermeffmedimplants.v15.i2.60
3516:
3514:
3451:
3408:"World report on child injury prevention"
2994:Brunicardi C (2010). "Chapter 8: Burns".
2639:
2436:
2382:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
870:as found in paint remover, among others.
424:documented to 400 BCE, and wine and
416:describes treatments using honey and the
6270:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
6253:
6093:Ahuja RB, Bhattacharya S (August 2004).
5971:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2846:Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery
2278:"Chapter 4: Prevention of Burn Injuries"
1614:
1222:
1005:occur via thermal heating caused by the
961:may be caused by protracted exposure to
3937:World report on child injury prevention
3378:World report on child injury prevention
1975:
1774:Blood clotting in the veins of the legs
1536:Wounds requiring surgical closure with
753:cooking with open fires or on the floor
5961:
5951:
5606:Turkington C, Dover JS, Cox B (2007).
4325:Hettiaratchy S, Papini R (July 2004).
4101:Mahadevan SV, Garmel GM, eds. (2012).
3523:The Israel Medical Association Journal
2598:from the original on 21 December 2016.
1549:may be required for electrical burns.
606:Deep partial thickness (second-degree)
5891:from the original on 11 November 2009
3628:. Totowa, N.J.: Humana. p. 485.
3429:
3427:
2725:from the original on 21 February 2013
2567:from the original on 17 October 2013.
2557:Pediatric Emergency Medicine Practice
562:Extends into superficial (papillary)
7:
6304:. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
6179:National Burn Repository 2012 Report
4685:"Topical treatment for facial burns"
1070:losing their three-dimensional shape
1021:, personal disputes, spousal abuse,
900:), low voltage (less than 1000
609:Extends into deep (reticular) dermis
6162:from the original on 27 April 2016.
5729:from the original on 30 April 2016.
5535:Archives of Dermatological Research
5209:Journal of Burn Care & Research
3395:from the original on 24 April 2016.
3322:from the original on 25 April 2016.
3026:Journal of Burn Care & Research
375:should be given if not up to date.
4254:Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine
3954:from the original on 17 June 2016.
3913:10.1097/01.bcr.0000111929.70876.1f
1911:. About 90% of burns occur in the
312:may occur. In a full-thickness or
25:
5695:from the original on 22 May 2016.
5626:from the original on 18 May 2016.
5189:from the original on 10 May 2016.
4394:from the original on 19 May 2016.
4206:from the original on 20 May 2016.
4175:from the original on 17 May 2016.
4121:from the original on 20 May 2016.
4020:Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
3836:Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia
3642:from the original on 20 May 2016.
3420:from the original on 31 May 2013.
3217:from the original on 12 May 2016.
2833:from the original on 16 May 2016.
2333:from the original on 21 July 2017
6252:
6211:
5712:Handbook of pediatric psychology
5665:National Burn Repository, Pg. 10
4407:Current Opinion in Critical Care
4189:The Washington manual of surgery
4083:from the original on 1 May 2016.
3774:from the original on 5 May 2016.
3197:Rosdahl CB, Kowalski MT (2008).
2996:Schwartz's principles of surgery
2858:10.1097/00005373-197206000-00001
2802:from the original on 2 May 2016.
1516:Recombinant human growth hormone
1477:transcutaneous nerve stimulation
780:
727:
684:
646:
596:
550:
456:state that follows large burns.
5829:European Journal of Dermatology
5323:The New Zealand Medical Journal
3849:10.1590/S0365-05962011000300015
1553:permanently without rejection.
1433:negative-pressure wound therapy
1120:to organs like the kidneys and
5746:. 5 March 2018. Archived from
5467:10.1002/14651858.CD008762.pub2
5415:10.1002/14651858.CD005083.pub4
5366:10.1002/14651858.cd011821.pub2
5290:10.1002/14651858.CD008805.pub3
5057:10.1002/14651858.CD008990.pub3
4983:10.1002/14651858.CD005622.pub4
4828:10.1002/14651858.CD006215.pub4
4789:10.1002/14651858.CD006478.pub2
4747:10.1002/14651858.CD008738.pub2
4701:10.1002/14651858.cd008058.pub3
4588:10.1002/14651858.CD002106.pub4
4466:10.1002/14651858.CD000567.pub7
3227:National Burn Repository Pg. i
2879:Regan A, Hotwagner DT (2023).
2632:10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041616
2581:Ferri's netter patient advisor
2134:Tintinalli, Judith E. (2010).
1805:Disability-adjusted life years
1782:post-traumatic stress disorder
1734:disability adjusted life years
1574:There is little evidence that
245:, or other tissues, caused by
105:: Area stiff and not painful
59:Second-degree burn of the hand
1:
6807:Hazards of outdoor recreation
6004:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0
5928:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61682-2
5150:(Press release). 15 June 2021
3548:Nasoori A, Hoomand R (2017).
2758:10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00603-5
2429:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1
2375:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6
1355:isotonic crystalloid solution
862:as found in toilet cleaners,
658:Extends through entire dermis
655:Full thickness (third-degree)
6802:Emergency medical procedures
6171:General and cited references
5221:10.1097/BCR.0b013e3181b47cd3
5146:Food and Drug Administration
4419:10.1097/MCC.0b013e32834c563f
4186:Klingensmith M, ed. (2007).
4032:10.1517/14656566.2012.738195
3566:10.12968/jowc.2017.26.12.734
3038:10.1097/BCR.0b013e318198a2fa
2495:. April 2014. Archived from
1096:. This results in increased
186:, dangerous work environment
5512:10.1016/j.burns.2006.10.384
4916:10.1016/j.burns.2011.12.003
4546:10.1016/j.burns.2011.01.016
4511:10.1016/j.burns.2016.08.001
3806:10.1016/j.burns.2011.12.028
3497:10.1016/j.burns.2011.09.014
3406:World Health Organization.
3354:10.1016/j.burns.2008.02.011
3256:10.1016/j.burns.2006.04.002
3146:10.1016/j.burns.2011.06.005
2782:Song D (5 September 2012).
2462:Clinically Oriented Anatomy
1730:years lived with disability
1463:may be used in addition to
1375:greater than 60 mmHg.
1268:>5% full thickness burn
1184:should also be considered.
1075:body temperature regulation
592:) but no scarring typically
514:Prognosis and Complications
178:Open cooking fires, unsafe
6833:
6628:Retroperitoneal hemorrhage
5791:10.1016/j.bjps.2014.04.011
5243:"General data about burns"
4873:10.1016/j.ajem.2019.04.014
4231:10.1016/j.clnu.2013.02.012
2551:Granger J (January 2009).
2180:10.1016/j.ajem.2006.12.008
1498:and the increased risk of
1380:lactated Ringer's solution
1285:Possible inhalation injury
1262:<2% full thickness burn
1257:Young or old >10% TBSA
951:
889:
839:
766:
757:developmental disabilities
639:(may require excision and
522:Superficial (first-degree)
297:between people (assault).
29:
5885:World Health Organization
5581:American Family Physician
5547:10.1007/s00403-014-1474-6
5175:. Springer. p. 266.
3200:Textbook of basic nursing
3172:American Family Physician
2887:. StatPearls Publishing.
2719:American Burn Association
2327:World Health Organization
1772:due to muscle breakdown.
1251:Young or old < 5% TBSA
1178:carbon monoxide poisoning
858:. Common agents include:
619:. Less blanching. May be
58:
49:
6111:10.1136/bmj.329.7463.447
4380:. Springer. p. 77.
4343:10.1136/bmj.329.7457.101
4161:. Springer. p. 46.
3453:10.1177/0009922819884568
2489:"Burns Fact sheet N°365"
1905:motor vehicle collisions
1758:urinary tract infections
1728:resulted in 1.2 million
1522:is of unclear evidence.
1288:Known inhalation injury
1265:2–5% full thickness burn
1104:, and subsequent tissue
868:halogenated hydrocarbons
866:as found in bleach, and
6287:WHO fact sheet on burns
5350:"Antiseptics for burns"
2881:"Burn Fluid Management"
2680:Herndon D, ed. (2012).
2276:Herndon D, ed. (2012).
2230:Herndon D, ed. (2012).
1584:virtual reality therapy
1390:appear just as good as
1254:Young or old 5–10% TBSA
1202:total body surface area
965:(such as from the sun,
629:Pressure and discomfort
194:Depends on the severity
6248:
6228:Listen to this article
3699:10.1542/peds.2010-3502
3680:Balk SJ (March 2011).
2162:Singer A (June 2007).
1899:
1417:removal of dead tissue
1404:intraosseous infusions
1373:mean arterial pressure
1339:Hyperbaric oxygenation
1213:Lund and Browder chart
1197:
1180:should be considered.
1122:gastrointestinal tract
1108:. This causes overall
1079:loss of skin sensation
1065:
1064:Three degrees of burns
408:
337:simple pain medication
110:: Bone and tendon loss
74:critical care medicine
6735:Occupational injuries
6247:
6220:Medical Knowledge app
6013:10536/DRO/DU:30050819
5842:10.1684/ejd.2014.2356
3554:Journal of Wound Care
1803:
1496:antibiotic resistance
1305:Other health problems
1209:Wallace rule of nines
1195:
1094:inflammatory response
1063:
406:
275:ultraviolet radiation
32:Burn (disambiguation)
6740:Traumatic amputation
6279:More spoken articles
2423:(10053): 1459–1544.
2369:(10053): 1545–1602.
1936:Developing countries
1766:compartment syndrome
1616:Prognosis in the US
1580:traditional medicine
1561:Alternative medicine
1308:Associated injuries
1295:Circumferential burn
1145:hypermetabolic state
1135:Increased levels of
345:low body temperature
18:Immersion scald burn
6817:Medical emergencies
6145:Textbook of Surgery
5709:Roberts MC (2009).
5644:. 26 September 2020
3440:Clinical Pediatrics
2499:on 10 November 2015
1927:Developed countries
1891: > 600
1617:
1425:Silver sulfadiazine
1349:In those with poor
1275:High voltage injury
1246:Adult >20% TBSA
1225:
987:radioactive fallout
938:cardiac arrhythmias
934:muscle contractions
864:sodium hypochlorite
718:; Requires excision
568:Redness with clear
475:shortness of breath
453:sodium hypochlorite
438:Guillaume Dupuytren
414:Edwin Smith Papyrus
100:: Blisters and pain
6703:Penetrating trauma
6623:Grey Turner's sign
6613:Subungual hematoma
6418:External resources
6249:
5998:(9859): 2095–128.
5964:has generic name (
5253:on 18 October 2018
5169:Jeschke M (2012).
4374:Jeschke M (2012).
4219:Clinical Nutrition
4155:Jeschke M (2012).
3754:Krieger J (2001).
3622:Prahlow J (2010).
3278:"Fire death rates"
2746:Medicinski Pregled
2329:. September 2016.
1900:
1823: < 50
1615:
1459:such as morphine.
1396:Blood transfusions
1388:Crystalloid fluids
1345:Intravenous fluids
1278:High voltage burn
1240:Adult <10% TBSA
1223:
1198:
1066:
975:ionizing radiation
930:blunt force trauma
850:(55%) or a strong
477:, hoarseness, and
468:Signs and symptoms
464:glucose in water.
409:
387:, particularly in
363:fluid leakage and
318:fourth-degree burn
306:second-degree burn
302:first-degree burns
206:intravenous fluids
6779:
6778:
6463:
6462:
6245:
6155:978-81-7179-965-7
5722:978-1-60918-175-8
5688:978-0-7817-5386-9
5619:978-0-8160-7509-6
5182:978-3-7091-0348-7
5025:978-1-4377-2786-9
4951:978-1-4377-2786-9
4387:978-3-7091-0348-7
4296:10.1136/bmj.b1037
4199:978-0-7817-7447-5
4168:978-3-7091-0348-7
4114:978-0-521-74776-9
4076:978-1-60547-781-7
4063:Hannon R (2010).
3991:978-0-323-05472-0
3947:978-92-4-156357-4
3885:978-1-4377-2786-9
3767:978-0-683-08027-8
3737:978-0-323-05472-0
3635:978-1-59745-404-9
3388:978-92-4-156357-4
3315:978-0-19-922773-0
3282:Our World in Data
3210:978-0-7817-6521-3
3091:978-0-323-05472-0
3005:978-0-07-154769-7
2943:978-1-4377-2786-9
2826:978-90-5487-572-7
2813:Wylock P (2010).
2795:978-1-4557-1055-3
2695:978-1-4377-2786-9
2620:Injury Prevention
2591:978-1-4557-2826-8
2578:Ferri FF (2012).
2291:978-1-4377-2786-9
2245:978-1-4377-2786-9
2145:978-0-07-148480-0
1897:
1896:
1790:child abandonment
1732:and 12.3 million
1716:
1715:
1508:calcium gluconate
1500:fungal infections
1312:
1311:
1243:Adult 10–20% TBSA
1182:Cyanide poisoning
1157:a fast heart rate
1110:blood volume loss
1087:hypovolemic shock
1038:domestic violence
979:radiation therapy
963:ultraviolet light
872:Hydrofluoric acid
809:
802:
801:
735:
734:
588:Local infection (
357:intravenous fluid
314:third-degree burn
231:
230:
219:67 million (2015)
204:Pain medication,
39:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
6824:
6771:Abdominal trauma
6679:Ballistic trauma
6566:Friction blister
6561:Fracture blister
6490:
6483:
6476:
6467:
6310:
6305:
6292:Parkland Formula
6269:
6267:
6256:
6255:
6246:
6236:
6234:
6229:
6215:
6201:
6199:
6197:
6191:
6184:
6164:
6163:
6139:
6133:
6132:
6122:
6090:
6079:
6078:
6050:
6044:
6043:
6025:
6015:
5983:
5977:
5976:
5969:
5963:
5959:
5957:
5949:
5939:
5922:(9963): 117–71.
5907:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5896:
5877:
5871:
5870:
5844:
5820:
5814:
5813:
5803:
5793:
5784:(8): 1017–1025.
5769:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5758:
5753:on 19 April 2017
5752:
5745:
5737:
5731:
5730:
5706:
5697:
5696:
5672:
5666:
5663:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5649:
5634:
5628:
5627:
5603:
5597:
5596:
5576:
5567:
5566:
5530:
5524:
5523:
5495:
5489:
5488:
5478:
5446:
5437:
5436:
5426:
5394:
5388:
5387:
5377:
5345:
5339:
5338:
5318:
5312:
5311:
5301:
5269:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5258:
5249:. Archived from
5247:Burn Centre Care
5239:
5233:
5232:
5204:
5191:
5190:
5166:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5155:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5119:
5109:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5068:
5036:
5030:
5029:
5011:
5005:
5004:
4994:
4977:(10): CD005622.
4962:
4956:
4955:
4937:
4928:
4927:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4867:(6): 1184–1190.
4856:
4850:
4849:
4839:
4822:(12): CD006215.
4807:
4801:
4800:
4776:
4770:
4769:
4759:
4749:
4729:
4723:
4722:
4712:
4680:
4674:
4673:
4663:
4652:10.1136/bmj.c241
4631:
4620:
4619:
4609:
4599:
4567:
4558:
4557:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4494:
4488:
4487:
4477:
4445:
4439:
4438:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4354:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4279:
4270:
4269:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4214:
4208:
4207:
4183:
4177:
4176:
4152:
4146:
4142:
4136:
4129:
4123:
4122:
4098:
4085:
4084:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4043:
4011:
3996:
3995:
3977:
3956:
3955:
3934:Peden M (2008).
3931:
3925:
3924:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3871:
3862:
3861:
3851:
3827:
3818:
3817:
3789:
3776:
3775:
3751:
3742:
3741:
3723:
3712:
3711:
3701:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3518:
3509:
3508:
3480:
3474:
3473:
3455:
3431:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3412:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3375:Peden M (2008).
3372:
3366:
3365:
3337:
3324:
3323:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3239:
3228:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3167:
3158:
3157:
3129:
3096:
3095:
3077:
3058:
3057:
3021:
3010:
3009:
2991:
2948:
2947:
2929:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2779:
2770:
2769:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2711:
2700:
2699:
2677:
2654:
2653:
2643:
2611:
2600:
2599:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2548:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2485:
2476:
2475:
2460:Moore K (2014).
2457:
2451:
2450:
2440:
2408:
2397:
2396:
2386:
2354:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2319:
2296:
2295:
2273:
2250:
2249:
2227:
2192:
2191:
2159:
2150:
2149:
2131:
1992:
1991:
1980:
1913:developing world
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1720:smoke inhalation
1618:
1360:Parkland formula
1351:tissue perfusion
1226:
1098:leakage of fluid
908:secondary to an
803:
784:
783:
776:
731:
688:
650:
600:
554:
533:without blisters
493:
385:developing world
54:
42:
21:
6832:
6831:
6827:
6826:
6825:
6823:
6822:
6821:
6782:
6781:
6780:
6775:
6744:
6667:
6634:
6575:
6571:Sucking blister
6551:Delayed blister
6527:
6504:
6494:
6464:
6459:
6458:
6454:article/1278244
6413:
6412:
6321:
6296:
6283:
6282:
6271:
6265:
6263:
6260:This audio file
6257:
6250:
6241:
6238:
6232:
6231:
6227:
6224:
6216:
6208:
6195:
6193:
6192:on 3 March 2016
6189:
6182:
6176:
6173:
6168:
6167:
6156:
6141:
6140:
6136:
6105:(7463): 447–9.
6092:
6091:
6082:
6052:
6051:
6047:
5985:
5984:
5980:
5970:
5960:
5950:
5909:
5908:
5904:
5894:
5892:
5879:
5878:
5874:
5822:
5821:
5817:
5771:
5770:
5766:
5756:
5754:
5750:
5743:
5739:
5738:
5734:
5723:
5708:
5707:
5700:
5689:
5674:
5673:
5669:
5664:
5657:
5647:
5645:
5642:Medically Sound
5636:
5635:
5631:
5620:
5605:
5604:
5600:
5578:
5577:
5570:
5532:
5531:
5527:
5497:
5496:
5492:
5461:(2): CD008762.
5448:
5447:
5440:
5409:(3): CD005083.
5396:
5395:
5391:
5360:(7): CD011821.
5347:
5346:
5342:
5329:(1295): 47–60.
5320:
5319:
5315:
5284:(6): CD008805.
5271:
5270:
5266:
5256:
5254:
5241:
5240:
5236:
5206:
5205:
5194:
5183:
5168:
5167:
5163:
5153:
5151:
5138:
5137:
5133:
5107:10.1186/cc12706
5087:
5086:
5082:
5051:(9): CD008990.
5038:
5037:
5033:
5026:
5016:Total burn care
5013:
5012:
5008:
4964:
4963:
4959:
4952:
4942:Total burn care
4939:
4938:
4931:
4901:
4900:
4896:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4809:
4808:
4804:
4783:(3): CD006478.
4778:
4777:
4773:
4740:(6): CD008738.
4731:
4730:
4726:
4695:(7): CD008058.
4682:
4681:
4677:
4633:
4632:
4623:
4582:(3): CD002106.
4569:
4568:
4561:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4496:
4495:
4491:
4460:(8): CD000567.
4447:
4446:
4442:
4404:
4403:
4399:
4388:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4337:(7457): 101–3.
4324:
4323:
4319:
4281:
4280:
4273:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4200:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4169:
4154:
4153:
4149:
4143:
4139:
4130:
4126:
4115:
4100:
4099:
4088:
4077:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4026:(17): 2485–94.
4013:
4012:
3999:
3992:
3979:
3978:
3959:
3948:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3886:
3876:Total burn care
3873:
3872:
3865:
3829:
3828:
3821:
3791:
3790:
3779:
3768:
3753:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3725:
3724:
3715:
3692:(3): e791-817.
3679:
3678:
3674:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3636:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3560:(12): 734–741.
3547:
3546:
3542:
3520:
3519:
3512:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3433:
3432:
3425:
3417:
3410:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3389:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3339:
3338:
3327:
3316:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3286:
3284:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3241:
3240:
3231:
3226:
3222:
3211:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3169:
3168:
3161:
3140:(7): 1087–100.
3131:
3130:
3099:
3092:
3079:
3078:
3061:
3023:
3022:
3013:
3006:
2993:
2992:
2951:
2944:
2934:Total burn care
2931:
2930:
2907:
2897:
2895:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2827:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2796:
2785:Plastic surgery
2781:
2780:
2773:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2728:
2726:
2713:
2712:
2703:
2696:
2686:Total burn care
2679:
2678:
2657:
2613:
2612:
2603:
2592:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2550:
2549:
2512:
2502:
2500:
2487:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2410:
2409:
2400:
2356:
2355:
2346:
2336:
2334:
2321:
2320:
2299:
2292:
2282:Total burn care
2275:
2274:
2253:
2246:
2236:Total burn care
2229:
2228:
2195:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2133:
2132:
1995:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1950:
1938:
1929:
1898:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1798:
1786:extreme poverty
1742:
1613:
1596:
1594:Patient support
1563:
1534:
1461:Benzodiazepines
1445:pain management
1441:
1412:
1347:
1330:
1321:
1221:
1190:
1169:
1161:immune function
1118:Poor blood flow
1058:
1056:Pathophysiology
1050:Self-immolation
1044:. In Pakistan,
1027:cigarette burns
1015:
1003:Microwave burns
993:based on their
959:Radiation burns
956:
950:
894:
892:Electrical burn
888:
880:red blood cells
844:
838:
815:
814:
813:
810:
798:
785:
781:
771:
765:
740:
702:; charred with
669:. No blanching.
499:Layers involved
470:
401:
365:tissue swelling
106:
101:
96:
78:plastic surgery
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6830:
6828:
6820:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6784:
6783:
6777:
6776:
6774:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6752:
6750:
6746:
6745:
6743:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6714:
6709:
6700:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6675:
6673:
6669:
6668:
6666:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6644:
6642:
6636:
6635:
6633:
6632:
6631:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6585:
6583:
6577:
6576:
6574:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6537:
6535:
6529:
6528:
6526:
6525:
6524:
6523:
6512:
6510:
6506:
6505:
6495:
6493:
6492:
6485:
6478:
6470:
6461:
6460:
6457:
6456:
6445:
6434:
6422:
6421:
6419:
6415:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6399:
6388:
6369:
6350:
6322:
6317:
6316:
6314:
6313:Classification
6307:
6306:
6294:
6289:
6272:
6258:
6251:
6239:
6226:
6225:
6210:
6209:
6207:
6206:External links
6204:
6203:
6202:
6172:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6154:
6142:Gupta (2003).
6134:
6080:
6045:
5978:
5962:|author1=
5902:
5872:
5835:(4): 435–443.
5815:
5764:
5732:
5721:
5698:
5687:
5667:
5655:
5629:
5618:
5598:
5568:
5525:
5490:
5438:
5389:
5340:
5313:
5264:
5234:
5192:
5181:
5161:
5131:
5080:
5031:
5024:
5006:
4957:
4950:
4929:
4894:
4851:
4802:
4771:
4724:
4675:
4621:
4559:
4524:
4489:
4440:
4397:
4386:
4366:
4317:
4271:
4244:
4225:(4): 497–502.
4209:
4198:
4178:
4167:
4147:
4137:
4124:
4113:
4086:
4075:
4055:
3997:
3990:
3957:
3946:
3926:
3891:
3884:
3863:
3819:
3777:
3766:
3743:
3736:
3713:
3672:
3645:
3634:
3614:
3579:
3540:
3510:
3475:
3423:
3398:
3387:
3367:
3348:(8): 1072–81.
3325:
3314:
3294:
3269:
3229:
3220:
3209:
3189:
3159:
3097:
3090:
3059:
3011:
3004:
2949:
2942:
2905:
2871:
2836:
2825:
2805:
2794:
2771:
2752:(5–6): 263–7.
2736:
2701:
2694:
2655:
2601:
2590:
2570:
2510:
2477:
2470:
2452:
2398:
2344:
2297:
2290:
2251:
2244:
2193:
2174:(6): 666–671.
2151:
2144:
1993:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1949:
1946:
1937:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1917:Southeast Asia
1895:
1894:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1808:
1797:
1794:
1770:rhabdomyolysis
1741:
1738:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1612:
1609:
1595:
1592:
1562:
1559:
1533:
1530:
1510:is a specific
1504:Erythropoietin
1469:antihistamines
1440:
1437:
1411:
1408:
1392:colloid fluids
1369:urinary output
1346:
1343:
1329:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1220:
1217:
1189:
1186:
1168:
1165:
1149:cardiac output
1137:catecholamines
1130:stomach ulcers
1126:kidney failure
1124:may result in
1057:
1054:
1014:
1013:Non-accidental
1011:
977:(such as from
967:tanning booths
954:Radiation burn
952:Main article:
949:
946:
942:cardiac arrest
890:Main article:
887:
884:
840:Main article:
837:
834:
811:
800:
799:
788:
786:
779:
774:
773:
772:
767:Main article:
764:
761:
739:
736:
733:
732:
725:
719:
712:
709:
706:
697:
694:
690:
689:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
659:
656:
652:
651:
644:
633:
632:3–8 weeks
630:
627:
624:
610:
607:
603:
602:
593:
586:
583:
580:
577:
576:with pressure.
566:
560:
556:
555:
548:
545:
544:5–10 days
542:
537:
534:
528:
523:
519:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
469:
466:
445:Henry D. Dakin
400:
397:
389:Southeast Asia
373:Tetanus toxoid
283:electric burns
265:, or ionizing
229:
228:
227:176,000 (2015)
225:
221:
220:
217:
213:
212:
210:tetanus toxoid
202:
196:
195:
192:
188:
187:
180:cooking stoves
176:
170:
169:
144:
140:
139:
136:
132:
131:
128:
124:
123:
118:
112:
111:
92:: Red without
87:
81:
80:
67:
61:
60:
56:
55:
47:
46:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6829:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6812:Heat transfer
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6753:
6751:
6747:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6725:Chemical burn
6722:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:/superficial/
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6676:
6674:
6670:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6645:
6643:
6641:
6637:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6618:Cullen's sign
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6598:Battle's sign
6596:
6595:
6594:
6590:
6587:
6586:
6584:
6582:
6578:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6556:Edema blister
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6541:Blood blister
6539:
6538:
6536:
6534:
6530:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6517:
6514:
6513:
6511:
6507:
6503:
6499:
6491:
6486:
6484:
6479:
6477:
6472:
6471:
6468:
6455:
6451:
6450:
6446:
6444:
6440:
6439:
6435:
6433:
6429:
6428:
6424:
6423:
6420:
6416:
6409:
6405:
6404:
6400:
6398:
6394:
6393:
6389:
6387:
6383:
6379:
6378:
6374:
6370:
6368:
6364:
6360:
6359:
6355:
6351:
6349:
6345:
6341:
6337:
6333:
6332:
6328:
6324:
6323:
6320:
6315:
6311:
6303:
6299:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6284:
6280:
6276:
6261:
6222:
6221:
6214:
6205:
6188:
6181:
6180:
6175:
6174:
6170:
6161:
6157:
6151:
6147:
6146:
6138:
6135:
6130:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6112:
6108:
6104:
6100:
6096:
6089:
6087:
6085:
6081:
6076:
6072:
6068:
6064:
6061:(5): 511–32.
6060:
6056:
6049:
6046:
6041:
6037:
6033:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6005:
6001:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5982:
5979:
5974:
5967:
5955:
5947:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5929:
5925:
5921:
5917:
5913:
5906:
5903:
5890:
5886:
5882:
5876:
5873:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5856:
5852:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5834:
5830:
5826:
5819:
5816:
5811:
5807:
5802:
5801:11577/2834337
5797:
5792:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5775:
5768:
5765:
5749:
5742:
5736:
5733:
5728:
5724:
5718:
5714:
5713:
5705:
5703:
5699:
5694:
5690:
5684:
5680:
5679:
5671:
5668:
5662:
5660:
5656:
5643:
5639:
5633:
5630:
5625:
5621:
5615:
5611:
5610:
5602:
5599:
5594:
5590:
5587:(3): 253–60.
5586:
5582:
5575:
5573:
5569:
5564:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5541:(7): 601–17.
5540:
5536:
5529:
5526:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5501:
5494:
5491:
5486:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5445:
5443:
5439:
5434:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5393:
5390:
5385:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5367:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5344:
5341:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5324:
5317:
5314:
5309:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5268:
5265:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5238:
5235:
5230:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5215:(5): 759–68.
5214:
5210:
5203:
5201:
5199:
5197:
5193:
5188:
5184:
5178:
5174:
5173:
5165:
5162:
5149:
5147:
5141:
5135:
5132:
5127:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5094:Critical Care
5091:
5084:
5081:
5076:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5035:
5032:
5027:
5021:
5017:
5010:
5007:
5002:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4961:
4958:
4953:
4947:
4943:
4936:
4934:
4930:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4898:
4895:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4855:
4852:
4847:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4806:
4803:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4775:
4772:
4767:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4728:
4725:
4720:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4679:
4676:
4671:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4622:
4617:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4566:
4564:
4560:
4555:
4551:
4547:
4543:
4540:(5): 742–52.
4539:
4535:
4528:
4525:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4493:
4490:
4485:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4444:
4441:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4401:
4398:
4393:
4389:
4383:
4379:
4378:
4370:
4367:
4362:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4321:
4318:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4267:
4263:
4260:(1): 89–108.
4259:
4255:
4248:
4245:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4213:
4210:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4191:
4190:
4182:
4179:
4174:
4170:
4164:
4160:
4159:
4151:
4148:
4141:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4125:
4120:
4116:
4110:
4106:
4105:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4082:
4078:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4059:
4056:
4051:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3993:
3987:
3983:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3939:
3938:
3930:
3927:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3907:(2): 165–70.
3906:
3902:
3895:
3892:
3887:
3881:
3877:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3859:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3842:(3): 527–36.
3841:
3837:
3833:
3826:
3824:
3820:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3778:
3773:
3769:
3763:
3759:
3758:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3739:
3733:
3729:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3709:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3676:
3673:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3649:
3646:
3641:
3637:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3618:
3615:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3595:(2): 185–96.
3594:
3590:
3583:
3580:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3544:
3541:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3479:
3476:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3399:
3394:
3390:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3371:
3368:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3298:
3295:
3283:
3279:
3273:
3270:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3250:(5): 529–37.
3249:
3245:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3202:
3201:
3193:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3087:
3083:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3001:
2997:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2935:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2840:
2837:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2809:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2740:
2737:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2574:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2471:9781451119459
2467:
2463:
2456:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1935:
1933:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1907:, falls, and
1906:
1885: 500–600
1879: 450–500
1873: 400–450
1867: 350–400
1861: 300–350
1856:
1853: 250–300
1847: 200–250
1841: 150–200
1835: 100–150
1817: no data
1812:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1740:Complications
1739:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1569:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1453:acetaminophen
1450:
1446:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1409:
1407:
1406:may be used.
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1384:normal saline
1381:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1353:, boluses of
1352:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1327:
1325:
1318:
1316:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1194:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1062:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1034:Bride burning
1031:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
955:
947:
945:
943:
939:
935:
931:
928:secondary to
927:
923:
918:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
893:
885:
883:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
860:sulfuric acid
857:
853:
849:
843:
842:Chemical burn
835:
833:
830:
825:
821:
807:
796:
795:MediaWiki.org
792:
787:
778:
777:
770:
762:
760:
758:
754:
748:
746:
737:
730:
726:
723:
720:
717:
713:
710:
707:
705:
701:
698:
695:
693:Fourth-degree
692:
691:
687:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
664:
660:
657:
654:
653:
649:
645:
642:
641:skin grafting
638:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
618:
614:
611:
608:
605:
604:
601:
599:
594:
591:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
571:
567:
565:
561:
558:
557:
553:
549:
546:
543:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
527:
524:
521:
520:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
494:
491:
488:
484:
480:
476:
467:
465:
462:
461:resuscitation
457:
454:
450:
449:Alexis Carrel
446:
441:
439:
435:
434:Ambroise Paré
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
405:
398:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
353:skin grafting
350:
346:
342:
338:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
226:
222:
218:
214:
211:
207:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
175:
171:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
145:
141:
137:
133:
130:Days to weeks
129:
125:
122:
119:
117:
116:Complications
113:
109:
108:Fourth degree
104:
99:
98:Second degree
95:
91:
88:
86:
82:
79:
75:
71:
68:
66:
62:
57:
53:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
6766:Chest trauma
6716:
6712:Aerosol burn
6694:Blunt trauma
6603:Raccoon eyes
6546:Coma blister
6447:
6436:
6425:
6401:
6390:
6371:
6352:
6325:
6218:
6194:. Retrieved
6187:the original
6178:
6144:
6137:
6102:
6098:
6058:
6054:
6048:
5995:
5991:
5981:
5954:cite journal
5919:
5915:
5905:
5893:. Retrieved
5884:
5875:
5832:
5828:
5818:
5781:
5777:
5767:
5755:. Retrieved
5748:the original
5735:
5711:
5677:
5670:
5646:. Retrieved
5641:
5632:
5608:
5601:
5584:
5580:
5538:
5534:
5528:
5506:(6): 713–8.
5503:
5499:
5493:
5458:
5454:
5406:
5402:
5392:
5357:
5353:
5343:
5326:
5322:
5316:
5281:
5277:
5267:
5255:. Retrieved
5251:the original
5246:
5237:
5212:
5208:
5171:
5164:
5152:. Retrieved
5143:
5134:
5097:
5093:
5083:
5048:
5044:
5034:
5015:
5009:
4974:
4970:
4960:
4941:
4910:(5): 621–9.
4907:
4903:
4897:
4864:
4860:
4854:
4819:
4815:
4805:
4780:
4774:
4737:
4727:
4692:
4688:
4678:
4643:
4639:
4579:
4575:
4537:
4533:
4527:
4505:(1): 17–24.
4502:
4498:
4492:
4457:
4453:
4443:
4413:(6): 601–5.
4410:
4406:
4400:
4376:
4369:
4334:
4330:
4320:
4287:
4283:
4257:
4253:
4247:
4222:
4218:
4212:
4188:
4181:
4157:
4150:
4140:
4132:
4127:
4103:
4065:
4058:
4023:
4019:
3981:
3936:
3929:
3904:
3900:
3894:
3875:
3839:
3835:
3800:(5): 630–7.
3797:
3793:
3756:
3727:
3689:
3685:
3675:
3661:(1): 43–51.
3658:
3654:
3648:
3624:
3617:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3557:
3553:
3543:
3529:(5): 381–5.
3526:
3522:
3491:(3): 383–7.
3488:
3484:
3478:
3446:(1): 34–44.
3443:
3439:
3401:
3377:
3370:
3345:
3341:
3304:
3297:
3285:. Retrieved
3281:
3272:
3247:
3243:
3223:
3199:
3192:
3178:(1): 25–32.
3175:
3171:
3137:
3133:
3081:
3032:(2): 221–8.
3029:
3025:
2995:
2933:
2896:. Retrieved
2884:
2874:
2852:(6): 453–8.
2849:
2845:
2839:
2815:
2808:
2784:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2727:. Retrieved
2718:
2685:
2623:
2619:
2580:
2573:
2560:
2556:
2501:. Retrieved
2497:the original
2492:
2461:
2455:
2420:
2416:
2366:
2362:
2335:. Retrieved
2326:
2281:
2235:
2171:
2167:
2135:
1987:
1978:
1939:
1930:
1921:
1901:
1829: 50–100
1796:Epidemiology
1763:
1743:
1717:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1573:
1564:
1555:
1551:
1547:Fasciotomies
1535:
1524:
1490:Intravenous
1489:
1442:
1421:
1413:
1377:
1348:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1206:
1199:
1170:
1143:can cause a
1134:
1091:
1067:
1036:, a form of
1032:
1016:
957:
926:dislocations
919:
910:electric arc
895:
845:
816:
804:See or edit
769:Thermal burn
749:
741:
637:contractures
595:
582:Very painful
511:Healing Time
471:
458:
442:
410:
377:
341:burn centers
334:
317:
313:
305:
301:
299:
273:, caused by
234:
232:
174:Risk factors
107:
103:Third degree
102:
97:
90:First degree
89:
36:
6761:Head injury
6756:Hand injury
6438:MedlinePlus
6302:MedlinePlus
5895:11 November
5757:18 February
4597:10072/58266
3287:17 November
2626:(1): 3–18.
1543:escharotomy
1538:skin grafts
1492:antibiotics
1439:Medications
1159:, and poor
1102:capillaries
1083:hypothermia
1023:elder abuse
1019:child abuse
971:arc welding
906:flash burns
876:Formic acid
806:source data
791:Phabricator
755:as well as
547:Heals well.
422:Hippocrates
393:burn center
381:cook stoves
255:electricity
182:, smoking,
155:electricity
70:Dermatology
6797:Acute pain
6786:Categories
6684:Stab wound
6593:Ecchymosis
6403:DiseasesDB
6275:Audio help
6266:2014-07-26
5648:1 November
5100:(5): 241.
3686:Pediatrics
2898:31 October
2885:StatPearls
1970:References
1754:cellulitis
1746:infections
1725:Baux score
1709:Inhalation
1624:Mortality
1481:gabapentin
1465:analgesics
1410:Wound care
1400:hemoglobin
1334:intubation
1328:Management
1319:Prevention
1153:metabolism
1046:acid burns
1007:microwaves
973:) or from
886:Electrical
722:Amputation
661:Stiff and
635:Scarring,
626:Fairly dry
621:blistering
590:cellulitis
502:Appearance
287:Alcoholism
200:Medication
184:alcoholism
6749:By region
6730:Frostbite
6721:Corrosion
6608:Black eye
6509:Abrasions
6449:eMedicine
5851:1167-1122
4889:121615225
4290:: b1037.
3655:EMS World
3470:207816299
1959:Frostbite
1750:pneumonia
1611:Prognosis
1576:vitamin E
1568:aloe vera
1485:lidocaine
1449:ibuprofen
1167:Diagnosis
1100:from the
995:skin type
948:Radiation
922:fractures
914:Lightning
904:), or as
856:ingestion
829:Fireworks
824:tap water
714:Does not
585:2–3 weeks
526:Epidermis
508:Sensation
487:Itchiness
369:infection
361:capillary
359:, due to
349:dressings
291:self-harm
269:(such as
267:radiation
259:chemicals
216:Frequency
191:Treatment
167:radiation
159:chemicals
121:Infection
65:Specialty
6689:Splinter
6589:Hematoma
6533:Blisters
6521:Avulsion
6516:Abrasion
6502:injuries
6496:General
6277: ·
6196:20 April
6160:Archived
6129:15321905
6075:16218900
6032:23245604
6023:10790329
5946:25530442
5889:Archived
5887:. 2009.
5867:25937084
5859:25141160
5810:24888226
5727:Archived
5693:Archived
5624:Archived
5593:19621835
5563:23859340
5555:24895176
5520:17499928
5485:22336851
5433:25742878
5384:28700086
5335:19648986
5308:24896368
5229:19692906
5187:Archived
5154:20 April
5126:24093225
5075:25222766
5001:25321859
4924:22244605
4881:31000315
4846:25500895
4797:20238345
4766:23740764
4757:11303740
4719:32725896
4670:20156911
4646:: c241.
4616:23543513
4554:21367529
4519:27613476
4484:30073665
4427:21986459
4392:Archived
4361:15242917
4312:40561988
4304:19357185
4266:23397872
4239:23582468
4204:Archived
4173:Archived
4119:Archived
4081:Archived
4050:23121414
3952:Archived
3921:15091143
3858:21738970
3814:22325849
3772:Archived
3708:21357345
3667:23393776
3640:Archived
3609:15777170
3574:29244970
3535:18605366
3505:22037150
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3184:22230304
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1909:violence
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6397:D002056
6298:"Burns"
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