150:
3443:
3464:
36:
128:
140:
762:. To reduce these risks, treatment is provided in a hospital, where adequate isolation from infection is available. They are usually administered for five days intravenously in the appropriate quantity. Patients stay in the hospital as long as three weeks to give the immune system time to recover to a point where there is no longer a risk of
907:, consisting of the α, β, and γ chains. The IL-2a (CD25, T-cell activation antigen, TAC) is expressed only by the already-activated T lymphocytes. Therefore, it is of special significance to the selective immunosuppressive treatment, and research has been focused on the development of effective and safe anti-IL-2 antibodies. By the use of
847:
activation and proliferation by binding the T-cell receptor complex present on all differentiated T cells. As such it was one of the first potent immunosuppressive substances and was administered to control the steroid- and/or polyclonal antibodies-resistant acute rejection episodes. As it acts more
2056:
Kucharzik T, Ellul P, Greuter T, Rahier JF, Verstockt B, Abreu C, Albuquerque A, Allocca M, Esteve M, Farraye FA, Gordon H, Karmiris K, Kopylov U, Kirchgesner J, MacMahon E, Magro F, Maaser C, de Ridder L, Taxonera C, Toruner M, Tremblay L, Scharl M, Viget N, Zabana Y, Vavricka S (June 2021). "ECCO
1094:
Contrary to ciclosporin and tacrolimus, drugs that affect the first phase of T lymphocyte activation, sirolimus affects the second phase, namely signal transduction and lymphocyte clonal proliferation. It binds to FKBP1A like tacrolimus, however the complex does not inhibit calcineurin but another
1001:(NMSC) after kidney transplantation is common and can result in significant morbidity and mortality. The results of several studies suggest that calcineurin inhibitors have oncogenic properties mainly linked to the production of cytokines that promote tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis.
851:
The muromonab's mechanism of action is only partially understood. It is known that the molecule binds TCR/CD3 receptor complex. In the first few administrations this binding non-specifically activates T-cells, leading to a serious syndrome 30 to 60 minutes later. It is characterized by fever,
1181:
may cause immunosuppression of both innate and adaptive immunity. Decrease in proliferation as well as immune function has been observed in macrophages, as well as lymphocytes. It is thought that these effects are mediated by opioid receptors expressed on the surface of these immune cells.
848:
specifically than polyclonal antibodies it was also used prophylactically in transplantations. However, muromonab-CD3 is no longer produced, and this mouse monoclonal antibody has been replaced in the clinic with chimeric, humanized, or human monoclonal antibodies.
1099:. Therefore, sirolimus acts synergistically with ciclosporin and, in combination with other immunosuppressants, has few side effects. Also, it indirectly inhibits several T lymphocyte-specific kinases and phosphatases, hence preventing their transition from G
887:
reducing the effectiveness of muromonab-CD3. Muromonab-CD3 can cause excessive immunosuppression. Although CD3 antibodies act more specifically than polyclonal antibodies, they lower the cell-mediated immunity significantly, predisposing the patient to
919:(Zenapax). These drugs act by binding the IL-2a receptor's α chain, preventing the IL-2 induced clonal expansion of activated lymphocytes and shortening their survival. They are used in the prophylaxis of the acute organ rejection after bilateral
5235:
1233:
or inducing a latent infection to become active. Infliximab and adalimumab have label warnings stating that patients should be evaluated for latent TB infection and treatment should be initiated prior to starting therapy with them.
817:. The most frequent combination is to use antibodies and ciclosporin simultaneously in order to prevent patients from gradually developing a strong immune response to these drugs, reducing or eliminating their effectiveness.
832:- (CD25-) and CD3-directed antibodies. They are used to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs, but also to track changes in the lymphocyte subpopulations. It is reasonable to expect similar new drugs in the future.
1271:
nucleotide synthesis. In contrast to other human cell types, lymphocytes B and T are very dependent on this process. Mycophenolate mofetil is used in combination with ciclosporin or tacrolimus in transplant patients.
860:. Sometimes it develops in a life-threatening reaction of the cardiovascular system and the central nervous system, requiring a lengthy therapy. Past this period CD3 blocks the TCR-antigen binding and causes
648:
are sometimes used as a quick and potent immunosuppressive therapy to prevent the acute rejection reactions as well as a targeted treatment of lymphoproliferative or autoimmune disorders (e.g., anti-
444:. In immunotherapy, they are used in smaller doses than in the treatment of malignant diseases. They affect the proliferation of both T cells and B cells. Due to their highest effectiveness,
5350:
1043:
The drug is used primarily in liver and kidney transplantations, although in some clinics it is used in heart, lung, and heart/lung transplantations. It binds to the immunophilin
3395:
2475:
1210:(Humira) that binds to TNF-α, preventing it from inducing the synthesis of IL-1 and IL-6 and the adhesion of lymphocyte-activating molecules. They are used in the treatment of
2105:
46:
580:(Prometheus' Imuran), is the main immunosuppressive cytotoxic substance. It is extensively used to control transplant rejection reactions. It is nonenzymatically cleaved to
476:
compounds, and others. Cyclophosphamide (Baxter's
Cytoxan) is probably the most potent immunosuppressive compound. In small doses, it is very efficient in the therapy of
868:. The cross-binding of CD3 molecules as well activates an intracellular signal causing the T cell anergy or apoptosis, unless the cells receive another signal through a
903:
is an important immune system regulator necessary for the clone expansion and survival of activated lymphocytes T. Its effects are mediated by the trimer cell surface
952:
inhibitor (CNI). It has been in use since 1983 and is one of the most widely used immunosuppressive drugs. It is a cyclic fungal peptide, composed of 11 amino acids.
864:
or the removal of the entire TCR3/CD3 complex from the T-cell surface. This lowers the number of available T-cells, perhaps by sensitizing them for the uptake by the
1103:
to S phase of the cell cycle. In a similar manner, Sirolimus prevents B cell differentiation into plasma cells, reducing production of IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies.
4943:
3452:
696:
treatment. However, they are added primarily to other immunosuppressives to diminish their dosage and toxicity. They also allow transition to cyclosporin therapy.
5586:
1091:. It is used to prevent rejection reactions. Although it is a structural analogue of tacrolimus, it acts somewhat differently and has different side-effects.
5185:
3501:
1875:"Conversion from calcineurin inhibitor to mycophenolate mofetil-based immunosuppression changes the frequency and phenotype of CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells"
1539:
755:
2465:
1734:"Molecular pathway profiling of T lymphocyte signal transduction pathways; Th1 and Th2 genomic fingerprints are defined by TCR and CD28-mediated signaling"
1261:
3246:
4417:
2443:
5006:
2344:
911:, the mouse anti-Tac antibodies have been modified, leading to the presentation of two chimeric mouse/human anti-Tac antibodies in the year 1998:
319:
proliferation. With decreased T cell proliferation there is decreased production of IL-2. This further decreases the proliferation of T cells.
2819:
1659:
1575:
3106:
3099:
3206:
1291:(lymphatic nodes) and their number in the circulation is diminished. In this respect, it differs from all other known immunosuppressants.
2368:
5448:
5329:
5324:
4936:
2849:
2712:
1393:
569:. It is used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases (for example rheumatoid arthritis or Behcet's Disease) and in transplantations.
107:
5667:
4993:
4360:
3730:
754:, obtained from rabbit serum. Polyclonal antibodies affect all lymphocytes and cause general immunosuppression, possibly leading to
79:
5255:
5240:
4971:
3494:
1373:
485:
5369:
4769:
3002:
2458:
640:
457:
986:
Ciclosporin is used in the treatment of acute rejection reactions, but has been increasingly substituted with newer, and less
86:
5672:
5374:
5345:
5319:
4929:
2141:
Costantino A, Michelon M, Noviello D, Macaluso FS, Leone S, Bonaccorso N, Costantino C, Vecchi M, Caprioli F (October 2023).
2122:
2114:
1161:
IFN-β suppresses the production of Th1 cytokines and the activation of monocytes. It is used to slow down the progression of
584:, that acts as a purine analogue and an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Mercaptopurine itself can also be administered directly.
2415:
1785:"Monoclonal antibodies that identify the CD3 molecules expressed specifically at the surface of porcine gammadelta-T cells"
1283:
is a synthetic immunosuppressant. It increases the expression or changes the function of certain adhesion molecules (α4/β7
5250:
5230:
2701:
5288:
5215:
3566:
2483:
1377:
828:
are directed towards exactly defined antigens. Therefore, they cause fewer side-effects. Especially significant are the
477:
404:
93:
2192:
Gillett NA, Chan C (April 2000). "Applications of immunohistochemistry in the evaluation of immunosuppressive agents".
786:
54:
5662:
5293:
3675:
3487:
3312:
1601:"The anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids, recent developments and mechanistic insights"
1465:
1461:
5298:
5154:
5076:
3545:
2962:
2451:
2326:
1457:
1087:
75:
5046:
65:
50:
5641:
5180:
5051:
4223:
2021:
Zbinden D, Manuel O (February 2014). "Influenza vaccination in immunocompromised patients: efficacy and safety".
1445:
1433:
865:
736:
256:
5245:
5071:
4603:
2437:
1028:
998:
728:
681:
359:
773:
of polyclonal antibodies, almost all patients have an acute reaction to the treatment. It is characterized by
251:, and autoimmune disorders. They are also administered as posttransplantory immunosuppressants to prevent the
5412:
5357:
5108:
5016:
4598:
3017:
2695:
2546:
889:
689:
562:
1468:
among patients taking immunosuppressive drugs, despite a generally positive attitude towards vaccinations.
1460:
should be investigated before starting any treatment, and patients should eventually be vaccinated against
376:
Glucocorticoids also stimulate the lipocortin-1 escaping to the extracellular space, where it binds to the
5636:
5542:
5362:
5220:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5056:
4403:
3829:
2809:
1452:. However, the vaccination status of patients taking immunosuppressive drugs for chronic diseases such as
1409:
1215:
920:
612:
272:
2143:"Attitudes towards Vaccinations in a National Italian Cohort of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease"
5626:
5563:
5510:
5474:
5402:
5083:
5061:
5041:
4952:
4590:
2739:
2675:
2520:
2085:
1472:
1195:
884:
861:
825:
727:. In this way, polyclonal antibodies inhibit cell-mediated immune reactions, including graft rejection,
661:
2352:
1507:
and action. Actual or suspected immunosuppressive agents can be evaluated in terms of their effects on
260:
2057:
Guidelines on the
Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Infections in Inflammatory Bowel Disease".
1873:
Demirkiran A, Sewgobind VD, van der Weijde J, Kok A, Baan CC, Kwekkeboom J, et al. (April 2009).
5433:
5190:
5066:
5031:
3479:
2814:
2794:
2663:
2201:
1544:
1512:
1453:
1349:
1318:
1211:
542:
252:
2433:
806:
100:
5526:
5021:
4983:
4978:
4966:
3811:
3423:
3159:
2945:
2724:
2551:
1534:
1401:
1365:
1139:
789:. Serum sickness arises seven to fourteen days after the therapy has begun. The patient has fever,
712:
346:
Glucocorticoids influence all types of inflammatory events, no matter their cause. They induce the
3463:
1974:"Efficacy of covid-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients: systematic review and meta-analysis"
5397:
4760:
3861:
3457:
3322:
3181:
2635:
2306:
2225:
1954:
1904:
1413:
1381:
1353:
1162:
716:
4800:
4658:
1397:
1219:
805:(hives) can also be present. It is possible to diminish their toxicity by using highly purified
4810:
4496:
3937:
993:
Calcineurin inhibitors and azathioprine have been linked with post-transplant malignancies and
843:
is a murine anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody of the IgG2a type that was previously used to prevent
5631:
5611:
5606:
5505:
5407:
5159:
4765:
4755:
3556:
3514:
3418:
3201:
3191:
3094:
2924:
2880:
2864:
2668:
2658:
2601:
2591:
2376:
2271:
2217:
2174:
2097:
2074:
2038:
2003:
1946:
1896:
1855:
1814:
1765:
1714:
1665:
1655:
1630:
1581:
1571:
1524:
1357:
1310:
1257:
1033:
1005:
809:
and intravenous administration in the combination with other immunosuppressants, for example,
704:
400:
1440:, because the majority of them act non-selectively, resulting in increased susceptibility to
5453:
5011:
4561:
4464:
4127:
4023:
3428:
3251:
3176:
3164:
3089:
2955:
2834:
2623:
2296:
2261:
2209:
2164:
2154:
2089:
2066:
2030:
1993:
1985:
1938:
1886:
1845:
1804:
1796:
1755:
1745:
1704:
1696:
1620:
1612:
1437:
1322:
1288:
692:) are being used. They are part of the steroid-resistant acute rejection reaction and grave
596:
566:
481:
465:
362:
355:
323:
308:
1564:
Jennings DL (2020). DiPiro JT, Yee GC, Posey LM, Haines ST, Nolin TD, Ellingrod VL (eds.).
5438:
5278:
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5118:
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4745:
3468:
3413:
3282:
3277:
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3049:
3044:
2930:
2876:
2717:
2608:
2561:
908:
759:
693:
276:
2392:
2369:"Are Immunosuppressive Drugs a Useful Adjuvant to Treatment of HIV with Antiretrovirals?"
1026:
Tacrolimus (trade names
Prograf, Astagraf XL, Envarsus XR) is a product of the bacterium
2205:
2169:
2142:
1194:(tumor necrosis factor-alpha) binding protein is a monoclonal antibody or a circulating
149:
5500:
5417:
5210:
5146:
4750:
4618:
4266:
4100:
4079:
4075:
4071:
3699:
3536:
3447:
3347:
3342:
3196:
3186:
3136:
3121:
3111:
3012:
3007:
2997:
2935:
2907:
2859:
2854:
2586:
2541:
2537:
1998:
1973:
1809:
1784:
1760:
1733:
1732:
Smeets RL, Fleuren WW, He X, Vink PM, Wijnands F, Gorecka M, et al. (March 2012).
1709:
1684:
1625:
1600:
1500:
1496:
869:
814:
770:
763:
751:
581:
528:
504:
370:
240:
226:
17:
1237:
TNF or the effects of TNF are also suppressed by various natural compounds, including
1012:
monotherapy, patients were found to have increased graft success and T-Reg frequency.
5656:
5568:
5558:
5479:
5443:
5273:
5131:
5126:
5088:
5001:
4900:
4830:
4740:
4647:
4433:
4133:
4055:
4007:
3987:
3845:
3761:
3612:
3578:
3379:
3352:
3211:
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2920:
2916:
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2707:
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2511:
1800:
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236:
179:
153:
2310:
2229:
1908:
5495:
5469:
4910:
4870:
4855:
4850:
4566:
4516:
4511:
4491:
4371:
4366:
4229:
4214:
4162:
4138:
4085:
3962:
3952:
3771:
3688:
3683:
3641:
3594:
3551:
3518:
3337:
3256:
2992:
2950:
2784:
2774:
2690:
2685:
1958:
1484:
1476:
1345:
1230:
1082:
1081:
Sirolimus (rapamycin, trade name
Rapamune) is a macrolide lactone, produced by the
1067:. Tacrolimus is more potent than ciclosporin and has less pronounced side-effects.
960:
708:
665:
608:
577:
554:
537:
524:
515:
489:
432:
403:, and the release of various inflammatory mediators (lysosomal enzymes, cytokines,
396:
347:
248:
2895:
1503:. The immunosuppressive drugs also interact with other medicines and affect their
5573:
5225:
5164:
4905:
4845:
4835:
4825:
4725:
4715:
4705:
4700:
4665:
4576:
4571:
4546:
4536:
4526:
4501:
4486:
4481:
4439:
4409:
4395:
4390:
4376:
4319:
4277:
4272:
4258:
4253:
4239:
4219:
4172:
4148:
4106:
4090:
4061:
4045:
4013:
3997:
3992:
3967:
3917:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3886:
3876:
3781:
3693:
3651:
3636:
3630:
3626:
3573:
3221:
3131:
2871:
2824:
2769:
2652:
2618:
1972:
Lee AR, Wong SY, Chai LY, Lee SC, Lee MX, Muthiah MD, et al. (March 2022).
1891:
1874:
1449:
1419:
Treat some other non-autoimmune inflammatory diseases (e.g., long term allergic
1389:
1385:
1326:
1298:
1133:
1052:
1048:
1037:
994:
987:
980:
968:
956:
949:
939:
912:
782:
628:
620:
469:
461:
2213:
2093:
2070:
373:(both COX-1 and COX-2) expression is also suppressed, potentiating the effect.
4895:
4890:
4875:
4815:
4805:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4730:
4720:
4710:
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4449:
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3922:
3912:
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3756:
3705:
3665:
3646:
3588:
3399:
3370:
3328:
3297:
3292:
3231:
3226:
3216:
3154:
3140:
3080:
3035:
2983:
2903:
2899:
2840:
2800:
2755:
2751:
2641:
2577:
2527:
2492:
2488:
1926:
1616:
1585:
1508:
1504:
1280:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1156:
1119:
1064:
1021:
976:
945:
916:
857:
790:
732:
588:
558:
533:
511:
437:
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392:
388:
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366:
232:
175:
143:
2403:
2159:
1669:
4885:
4880:
4865:
4840:
4795:
4775:
4735:
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4634:
4556:
4352:
4305:
4234:
4200:
4167:
3977:
3957:
3866:
3766:
3606:
3307:
3287:
3261:
3236:
3171:
3149:
2977:
2890:
2764:
2397:
2301:
2284:
1989:
1750:
1492:
1441:
1405:
1361:
1268:
1246:
1223:
1166:
1076:
802:
798:
677:
624:
420:
408:
377:
2275:
2221:
2178:
2101:
2078:
2042:
2007:
1900:
1859:
1818:
1769:
1718:
1634:
1565:
1950:
1649:
5616:
5303:
4820:
4695:
4384:
3892:
3802:
3738:
3660:
3408:
3272:
3268:
3241:
2680:
2613:
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2249:
1850:
1833:
1529:
1369:
1294:
1284:
1242:
1238:
1191:
1055:
activity. In this way, it prevents the cell from transitioning from the G
877:
873:
794:
645:
493:
473:
335:
312:
4921:
2334:
259:. Nevertheless, they do not prevent an infection and also inhibit later
4313:
3384:
3302:
2967:
2734:
2556:
2506:
2111:. If this is an intentional citation to a such a paper, please replace
2034:
1942:
1700:
967:. This complex of ciclosporin and cyclophilin inhibits the phosphatase
853:
685:
244:
139:
64:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
785:. Later during the treatment, some patients develop serum sickness or
746:
As of March 2005, there are two preparations available to the market:
4628:
4459:
3066:
2729:
2339:
a brief history of immunosuppressive drugs. Retrieved 21 August 2005.
1420:
1334:
1178:
1044:
844:
740:
720:
669:
520:
445:
327:
316:
1124:
Everolimus is an analog of sirolimus and also is an mTOR inhibitor.
231:
In pharmacologic (supraphysiologic) doses, glucocorticoids, such as
591:
in the induction phase of the immune response, it affects both the
4327:
4180:
3366:
3076:
2571:
1338:
1330:
1260:
acts as a non-competitive, selective, and reversible inhibitor of
1107:
778:
774:
747:
724:
700:
673:
148:
138:
923:, both being similarly effective and with only few side-effects.
5283:
4299:
4247:
4208:
4194:
3748:
3622:
3070:
1651:
Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics
1570:(11th ed.). United States of America: McGraw Hill Medical.
1138:
Zotarolimus is a semi-synthetic derivative of sirolimus used in
1096:
971:, which under normal circumstances induces the transcription of
649:
599:. It is also efficient in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
4925:
3483:
2447:
2285:"Principles and Practice of Monitoring Immunosuppressive Drugs"
1648:
Schimmer BP, Funder JW (2018). Shanahan JF, Lebowitz H (eds.).
4156:
507:
interfere with the synthesis of nucleic acids. These include:
29:
1348:
or diseases that are most likely of autoimmune origin (e.g.,
380:
membrane receptors and inhibits various inflammatory events:
1929:(November 1996). "Effects of opioids on the immune system".
983:
release, leading to a reduced function of effector T-cells.
699:
Polyclonal antibodies inhibit T lymphocytes and cause their
190:
Immunosuppressive drugs can be classified into five groups:
1464:. Some studies showed a low vaccination rate against some
1297:
has been reported being 10 to 100 times more potent than
1008:(T-Reg) and after converting from a CNI monotherapy to a
955:
Ciclosporin is thought to bind to the cytosolic protein
1004:
This drug has been reported to reduce the frequency of
61:
1838:
Clinical
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
2476:
5599:
5551:
5535:
5519:
5488:
5462:
5426:
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5383:
5338:
5312:
5264:
5199:
5173:
5145:
5117:
4992:
4959:
4688:
4616:
4589:
4474:
4117:
3819:
3810:
3801:
3794:
3747:
3729:
3720:
3674:
3605:
3535:
3526:
3393:
3365:
3321:
3130:
3065:
3028:
2976:
2889:
2833:
2793:
2750:
2634:
2570:
2482:
1567:Pharmacotherapy : A Pathophysiologic Approach
1448:and decreased ability to produce antibodies after
810:
334:. This diminishes both B cell clone expansion and
209:
2349:World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA)
1832:Naesens M, Kuypers DR, Sarwal M (February 2009).
797:that can be soothed with the use of steroids and
1654:(13th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill Medical.
1545:Treatment methods for preventing organ rejection
2410:. National Kidney Foundation. 24 December 2015.
5587:List of organ transplant donors and recipients
1229:These drugs may raise the risk of contracting
488:, and other immune diseases. High doses cause
60:Please review the contents of the article and
4937:
3495:
2459:
2254:Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
2248:Gummert JF, Ikonen T, Morris RE (June 1999).
1783:Yang H, Parkhouse RM, Wileman T (June 2005).
963:) of immunocompetent lymphocytes, especially
756:post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders
307:, and TNF-alpha by binding to corticosteroid
8:
5186:Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
2474:Major chemical drug groups – based upon the
1685:"Marketed therapeutic antibodies compendium"
1540:Discovery and development of mTOR inhibitors
1287:) in lymphocytes, so they accumulate in the
1047:, followed by the binding of the complex to
758:(PTLD) or serious infections, especially by
178:that inhibit or prevent the activity of the
27:Drug that inhibits activity of immune system
2416:"Immunosuppressants, Pharmacologic profile"
1471:There are also other side-effects, such as
350:(annexin-1) synthesis, which then binds to
5387:
4944:
4930:
4922:
3816:
3807:
3798:
3726:
3532:
3502:
3488:
3480:
2466:
2452:
2444:
2125:|...|intentional=yes}}
948:, ciclosporin (Novartis' Sandimmune) is a
448:analogs are most frequently administered.
2436:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
2300:
2265:
2250:"Newer immunosuppressive drugs: a review"
2168:
2158:
1997:
1890:
1849:
1808:
1759:
1749:
1708:
1624:
2327:"Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation: Drugs"
1920:
1918:
872:. CD3 antibodies shift the balance from
1556:
1165:. IFN-Îł is able to trigger lymphocytic
330:to express smaller amounts of IL-2 and
3453:Pharmacological classification systems
2820:Selective estrogen receptor modulators
1834:"Calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity"
1599:Coutinho AE, Chapman KE (March 2011).
1264:(IMPDH), which is a key enzyme in the
1262:inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase
707:-mediated cytolysis and cell-mediated
587:By preventing the clonal expansion of
3100:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
611:is the most important. It is used in
7:
1605:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
1309:Immunosuppressive drugs are used in
680:or lymphocytes. The antilymphocyte (
194:
5330:Canadian Society of Transplantation
5325:American Society of Transplantation
2713:Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
2194:Human & Experimental Toxicology
1436:of many immunosuppressive drugs is
836:T-cell receptor directed antibodies
676:), and injected with the patient's
1394:focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
1110:that are PI3K/AKT/mTOR-dependent.
880:as CD3 stimulates Th1 activation.
615:. Other cytotoxic antibiotics are
358:from coming into contact with its
322:Glucocorticoids also suppress the
25:
896:IL-2 receptor directed antibodies
787:immune complex glomerulonephritis
750:, obtained from horse serum, and
5256:United Network for Organ Sharing
5241:National Transplant Organization
3462:
3442:
3441:
2345:"Immunosuppressive drug therapy"
1801:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02137.x
1511:subpopulations in tissues using
1374:granulomatosis with polyangiitis
997:in organ transplant recipients.
743:-dependent antibody production.
486:granulomatosis with polyangiitis
214:
199:
126:
34:
5370:Organ transplantation in Israel
2850:Hypothalamic–pituitary hormones
641:Biologics for immunosuppression
573:Azathioprine and mercaptopurine
204:
5375:Organ transplantation in Japan
5346:Organ transplantation in China
5320:American Society of Nephrology
2283:Armstrong VW (February 2002).
62:add the appropriate references
1:
5251:Trillium Gift of Life Network
5231:National Marrow Donor Program
2602:Thrombolytics / fibrinolytics
2084:(This paper currently has an
927:Drugs acting on immunophilins
243:are used to suppress various
210:drugs acting on immunophilins
5289:Halachic Organ Donor Society
5216:Gift of Life Marrow Registry
3567:dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
3313:Wakefulness-promoting agents
1378:systemic lupus erythematosus
478:systemic lupus erythematosus
405:tissue plasminogen activator
5294:Kidney Foundation of Canada
3546:purine synthesis inhibitors
1892:10.1097/tp.0b013e31819d2032
1466:Vaccine-preventable disease
1462:Vaccine-preventable disease
909:recombinant gene technology
365:. This leads to diminished
267:Immunosuppressive mechanism
47:reliable medical references
5689:
5351:harvesting from Falun Gong
5299:National Kidney Foundation
5155:Non-heart-beating donation
2963:Intravenous immunoglobulin
2214:10.1191/096032700678815819
1458:Inflammatory bowel disease
1325:organs and tissues (e.g.,
1154:
1131:
1117:
1106:It is also active against
1088:Streptomyces hygroscopicus
1074:
1051:and the inhibition of its
1019:
937:
866:epithelial reticular cells
638:
565:and prevents synthesis of
460:used in immunotherapy are
430:
253:acute transplant rejection
224:
5582:
5181:Graft-versus-host disease
3731:IL-1 receptor antagonists
3437:
1617:10.1016/j.mce.2010.04.005
1446:cancer immunosurveillance
1311:immunosuppressive therapy
975:. The drug also inhibits
737:graft-versus-host disease
342:Anti-inflammatory effects
311:on DNA. This decrease in
275:. They act by inhibiting
271:Glucocorticoids suppress
257:graft-versus-host disease
172:antirejection medications
53:or relies too heavily on
5668:Transplantation medicine
5246:NHS Blood and Transplant
4604:Anti-lymphocyte globulin
3018:Topoisomerase inhibitors
2702:renin–angiotensin system
2696:Calcium channel blockers
2438:Medical Subject Headings
2434:Immunosuppressive+Agents
2160:10.3390/vaccines11101591
2094:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab227
2071:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab052
1683:Reichert JM (May 2012).
1029:Streptomyces tsukubensis
999:Non-melanoma skin cancer
890:opportunistic infections
883:The patient may develop
735:skin reaction), and the
729:delayed hypersensitivity
164:immunosuppressive agents
76:"Immunosuppressive drug"
5622:Immunosuppressive drugs
5358:Organ donation in India
4599:Anti-thymocyte globulin
3511:Immunosuppressive drugs
2302:10.1515/LabMed.2002.005
1990:10.1136/bmj-2021-068632
1751:10.1186/1471-2172-13-12
1276:Small biological agents
1036:and acts by inhibiting
885:neutralizing antibodies
870:co-stimulatory molecule
711:followed by removal of
613:kidney transplantations
563:dihydrofolate reductase
279:of cytokines including
160:Immunosuppressive drugs
18:Immunosuppressive agent
5642:Frankenstein's monster
5637:Total body irradiation
5363:Gurgaon kidney scandal
5221:Human Tissue Authority
4404:Interleukin-6 receptor
3830:Complement component 5
2810:Hormonal contraception
2740:Bile acid sequestrants
2521:Proton-pump inhibitors
2484:gastrointestinal tract
2393:Induction of Tolerance
1931:Neurochemical Research
1410:ankylosing spondylitis
1216:ankylosing spondylitis
990:, immunosuppressants.
921:kidney transplantation
811:calcineurin inhibitors
739:(GVHD), but influence
664:are obtained from the
273:cell-mediated immunity
156:
146:
5673:Organ transplantation
5627:Lung allocation score
5564:Jean-Michel Dubernard
4953:Organ transplantation
2123:expression of concern
2117:|...}}
2115:expression of concern
2086:expression of concern
862:conformational change
826:Monoclonal antibodies
821:Monoclonal antibodies
662:polyclonal antibodies
656:Polyclonal antibodies
603:Cytotoxic antibiotics
152:
142:
5434:J. Hartwell Harrison
5191:Transplant rejection
3419:Radiopharmaceuticals
3207:Antiparkinson agents
2404:"Immunosuppressants"
2289:LaboratoriumsMedizin
2267:10.1681/ASN.V1061366
1851:10.2215/CJN.04800908
1513:immunohistochemistry
1454:Rheumatoid arthritis
1350:rheumatoid arthritis
1245:) and catechins (in
1212:rheumatoid arthritis
1186:TNF binding proteins
684:) and antithymocyte
261:reparative processes
5543:André van der Merwe
5527:Richard C. Lillehei
5200:Transplant networks
4984:Xenotransplantation
4979:Autotransplantation
4967:Allotransplantation
3202:Antimigraine agents
3192:Antidementia agents
3095:Anti-inflammatories
2785:Medicated dressings
2725:Antihyperlipidemics
2552:Diabetes medication
2408:A to Z Health Guide
2379:on 28 February 2019
2373:Hivandhepatitis.com
2355:on 30 November 2016
2337:on 29 October 2013.
2331:pancreas-kidney.com
2206:2000HETox..19..251G
1366:psoriatic arthritis
1346:autoimmune diseases
1140:drug-eluting stents
813:, cytostatics, and
781:episodes, and even
713:reticuloendothelial
561:analogue. It binds
536:analogues, such as
523:analogues, such as
514:analogues, such as
315:production reduces
5663:Immunosuppressants
5398:Christiaan Barnard
4994:Organs and tissues
4761:Diroximel fumarate
4434:IL-2 receptor/CD25
3862:Certolizumab pegol
3515:Immunosuppressants
3055:Immunosuppressants
2925:Antimycobacterials
2881:Antithyroid agents
2865:Mineralocorticoids
2669:Cardiac stimulants
2659:Cardiac glycosides
2651:cardiac therapy /
2547:Anti-obesity drugs
2035:10.2217/imt.13.171
1943:10.1007/BF02532379
1701:10.4161/mabs.19931
1414:ulcerative colitis
1382:systemic sclerosis
1354:multiple sclerosis
1241:(an ingredient in
1163:multiple sclerosis
1006:regulatory T cells
892:and malignancies.
769:Because of a high
668:of animals (e.g.,
168:immunosuppressants
157:
147:
5650:
5649:
5632:Machine perfusion
5612:Edmonton protocol
5607:Biomedical tissue
5595:
5594:
5506:Vladimir Demikhov
5408:Adrian Kantrowitz
5160:Organ procurement
4919:
4918:
4766:Efgartigimod alfa
4756:Dimethyl fumarate
4684:
4683:
4612:
4611:
4585:
4584:
3790:
3789:
3716:
3715:
3557:Mycophenolic acid
3477:
3476:
3380:Ophthalmologicals
3090:Anabolic steroids
2993:Anticancer agents
2956:Ectoparasiticides
2676:Antihypertensives
2624:Antifibrinolytics
2343:Papich M (2001).
1937:(11): 1375–1386.
1661:978-1-259-58473-2
1577:978-1-260-11681-6
1525:Immunosuppression
1358:myasthenia gravis
1258:Mycophenolic acid
1177:Prolonged use of
1034:macrolide lactone
543:protein synthesis
482:hemolytic anemias
462:nitrogen mustards
458:alkylating agents
452:Alkylating agents
401:respiratory burst
309:response elements
135:
134:
111:
16:(Redirected from
5680:
5454:Michael Woodruff
5388:
5119:Medical grafting
4946:
4939:
4932:
4923:
4562:Telimomab aritox
4465:Zolimomab aritox
4286:CD62L/L-selectin
4024:Immunoglobulin E
3817:
3808:
3799:
3727:
3533:
3504:
3497:
3490:
3481:
3466:
3445:
3444:
3429:Senotherapeutics
3283:Neuroprotectives
3278:Mood stabilizers
3177:Anti-ADHD agents
3117:Muscle relaxants
3050:Immunostimulants
3045:Immunomodulators
2877:Thyroid hormones
2815:Fertility agents
2718:Renin inhibitors
2609:Antihemorrhagics
2576:forming organs (
2562:Dietary minerals
2468:
2461:
2454:
2445:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2411:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2375:. Archived from
2364:
2362:
2360:
2351:. Archived from
2338:
2333:. Archived from
2314:
2304:
2279:
2269:
2260:(6): 1366–1380.
2234:
2233:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2172:
2162:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2118:
2107:Retraction Watch
2082:
2059:J Crohns Colitis
2053:
2047:
2046:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2001:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1922:
1913:
1912:
1894:
1885:(7): 1062–1068.
1870:
1864:
1863:
1853:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1812:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1763:
1753:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1712:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1628:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1561:
1535:Behcet's Disease
1438:immunodeficiency
1402:Behcet's Disease
1289:lymphatic tissue
856:, headache, and
703:, which is both
597:humoral immunity
567:tetrahydrofolate
492:and hemorrhagic
466:cyclophosphamide
369:production. The
363:arachidonic acid
356:phospholipase A2
324:humoral immunity
162:, also known as
130:
129:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
38:
37:
30:
21:
5688:
5687:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5678:
5677:
5653:
5652:
5651:
5646:
5591:
5578:
5547:
5531:
5515:
5484:
5458:
5439:John P. Merrill
5422:
5379:
5334:
5313:Joint societies
5308:
5279:Blood Cancer UK
5266:
5260:
5203:
5201:
5195:
5169:
5141:
5137:Vascular bypass
5113:
4988:
4955:
4950:
4920:
4915:
4861:Rozanolixizumab
4746:Deucravacitinib
4680:
4608:
4581:
4470:
4119:
4113:
3821:
3786:
3743:
3722:
3712:
3670:
3610:
3601:
3537:Antimetabolites
3528:
3522:
3508:
3478:
3473:
3469:Medicine portal
3433:
3389:
3361:
3356:
3348:Cough medicines
3343:Bronchodilators
3324:
3317:
3197:Antidepressants
3187:Anticonvulsants
3135:
3126:
3122:Bisphosphonates
3112:Corticosteroids
3074:
3061:
3033:
3024:
3008:Spindle poisons
2998:Antimetabolites
2981:
2972:
2894:
2885:
2860:Glucocorticoids
2855:Corticosteroids
2836:
2829:
2796:
2789:
2746:
2664:Antiarrhythmics
2637:
2630:
2587:Antithrombotics
2575:
2566:
2542:Antipropulsives
2538:Antidiarrhoeals
2515:
2486:
2478:
2472:
2424:
2422:
2414:
2402:
2382:
2380:
2367:
2358:
2356:
2342:
2325:
2322:
2317:
2282:
2247:
2243:
2241:Further reading
2238:
2237:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2120:
2112:
2110:
2083:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2020:
2019:
2015:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1924:
1923:
1916:
1879:Transplantation
1872:
1871:
1867:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1662:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1578:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1521:
1430:
1398:Crohn's disease
1307:
1278:
1255:
1220:Crohn's disease
1188:
1175:
1159:
1153:
1148:
1136:
1130:
1122:
1116:
1102:
1079:
1073:
1062:
1058:
1024:
1018:
979:production and
942:
936:
929:
915:(Simulect) and
898:
838:
823:
815:corticosteroids
807:serum fractions
760:cytomegalovirus
715:cells from the
694:aplastic anemia
658:
643:
637:
605:
575:
552:
505:Antimetabolites
502:
500:Antimetabolites
454:
435:
429:
354:preventing the
344:
277:gene expression
269:
229:
223:
221:Glucocorticoids
195:glucocorticoids
188:
131:
127:
122:
116:
113:
70:
59:
55:primary sources
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5686:
5684:
5676:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5655:
5654:
5648:
5647:
5645:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5603:
5601:
5600:Related topics
5597:
5596:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5555:
5553:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5545:
5539:
5537:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5529:
5523:
5521:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5513:
5511:James D. Hardy
5508:
5503:
5501:Joel D. Cooper
5498:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5475:James D. Hardy
5472:
5466:
5464:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5456:
5451:
5449:Elizabeth Ward
5446:
5441:
5436:
5430:
5428:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5420:
5418:Norman Shumway
5415:
5410:
5405:
5403:James D. Hardy
5400:
5394:
5392:
5385:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5355:
5354:
5353:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5316:
5314:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5270:
5268:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5211:Eurotransplant
5207:
5205:
5202:and government
5197:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5177:
5175:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5151:
5149:
5147:Organ donation
5143:
5142:
5140:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5123:
5121:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5080:
5079:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4998:
4996:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4975:
4974:
4963:
4961:
4957:
4956:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4941:
4934:
4926:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4770:+hyaluronidase
4763:
4758:
4753:
4751:Deuruxolitinib
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4656:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4624:
4622:
4614:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4595:
4593:
4587:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4393:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4336:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4244:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4224:+hyaluronidase
4217:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4191:
4190:
4189:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4123:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4067:
4066:
4065:
4064:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4003:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3825:
3823:
3814:
3805:
3796:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3753:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3735:
3733:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3700:PDE4 inhibitor
3696:
3691:
3686:
3680:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3618:
3616:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3584:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3541:
3539:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3484:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3414:Contrast media
3411:
3405:
3403:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3367:sensory organs
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3334:
3332:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3212:Antipsychotics
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3182:Antiaddictives
3179:
3174:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3137:nervous system
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3107:Antirheumatics
3104:
3103:
3102:
3092:
3086:
3084:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3041:
3039:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3013:Antineoplastic
3010:
3005:
3000:
2989:
2987:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2946:Antiprotozoals
2941:Antiparasitics
2938:
2933:
2928:
2921:Antibacterials
2917:Antimicrobials
2913:
2911:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2874:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2852:
2846:
2844:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2780:Antipsoriatics
2777:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2759:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2708:ACE inhibitors
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2647:
2645:
2636:cardiovascular
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2597:Anticoagulants
2594:
2583:
2581:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2498:
2496:
2480:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2431:
2412:
2400:
2389:
2365:
2340:
2321:
2320:External links
2318:
2316:
2315:
2295:(1–2): 27–36.
2280:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2200:(4): 251–254.
2184:
2133:
2065:(6): 879–913.
2048:
2029:(2): 131–139.
2013:
1964:
1914:
1865:
1844:(2): 481–508.
1824:
1795:(2): 189–196.
1775:
1738:BMC Immunology
1724:
1695:(3): 413–415.
1675:
1660:
1640:
1591:
1576:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1520:
1517:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1417:
1342:
1306:
1303:
1277:
1274:
1254:
1251:
1187:
1184:
1174:
1171:
1155:Main article:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1132:Main article:
1129:
1126:
1118:Main article:
1115:
1112:
1100:
1075:Main article:
1072:
1069:
1060:
1056:
1020:Main article:
1017:
1014:
938:Main article:
935:
932:
928:
925:
905:receptor IL-2a
897:
894:
837:
834:
822:
819:
771:immunogenicity
764:serum sickness
752:Thymoglobuline
657:
654:
652:monoclonals).
636:
633:
617:anthracyclines
604:
601:
582:mercaptopurine
574:
571:
551:
548:
547:
546:
540:
531:
529:mercaptopurine
518:
501:
498:
453:
450:
431:Main article:
428:
425:
371:cyclooxygenase
352:cell membranes
343:
340:
332:IL-2 receptors
268:
265:
241:hydrocortisone
227:Glucocorticoid
225:Main article:
222:
219:
218:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
187:
186:Classification
184:
133:
132:
125:
123:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5685:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5660:
5658:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5598:
5588:
5585:
5584:
5581:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5569:Donna Mansell
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5559:Alexis Carrel
5557:
5556:
5554:
5550:
5544:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5534:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5518:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5487:
5481:
5480:Thomas Starzl
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5461:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5444:Joseph Murray
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5425:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5413:Richard Lower
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5389:
5386:
5382:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5359:
5356:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5337:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5311:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5274:Anthony Nolan
5272:
5271:
5269:
5267:organizations
5263:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5198:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5174:Complications
5172:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5148:
5144:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5132:Skin grafting
5130:
5128:
5127:Bone grafting
5125:
5124:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4991:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4947:
4942:
4940:
4935:
4933:
4928:
4927:
4924:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4901:Tildrakizumab
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4831:Pegcetacoplan
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4741:Darvadstrocel
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4648:TNF inhibitor
4645:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4615:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4592:
4588:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4473:
4466:
4462:
4461:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4431:
4430:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4314:CD147/Basigin
4311:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4134:Muromonab-CD3
4132:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4116:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4009:
4008:Interleukin 5
4005:
4004:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3988:Tildrakizumab
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3822:(noncellular)
3818:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3797:
3795:Extracellular
3793:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3762:Ridaforolimus
3760:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3721:Intracellular
3719:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3608:
3604:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3579:Teriflunomide
3577:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3527:Intracellular
3525:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3505:
3500:
3498:
3493:
3491:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3470:
3465:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3358:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3338:Decongestants
3336:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3257:Dissociatives
3255:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3247:Hallucinogens
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3031:
3027:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2979:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2951:Anthelmintics
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2795:genitourinary
2792:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2775:Antipruritics
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2741:
2738:
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2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2691:Beta blockers
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
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2654:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2592:Antiplatelets
2590:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2558:
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2519:
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2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2469:
2464:
2462:
2457:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2421:
2420:Drugguide.com
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2354:
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2341:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2137:
2134:
2124:
2116:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2052:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2023:Immunotherapy
2017:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1965:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1869:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1728:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1644:
1641:
1636:
1632:
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1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1595:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1560:
1557:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1501:kidney injury
1498:
1494:
1490:
1489:lipodystrophy
1486:
1485:peptic ulcers
1482:
1481:hyperglycemia
1478:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1253:Mycophenolate
1252:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1206:(Enbrel), or
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1135:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1078:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1063:phase of the
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1023:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1010:mycophenolate
1007:
1002:
1000:
996:
991:
989:
984:
982:
978:
974:
973:interleukin-2
970:
966:
965:T-lymphocytes
962:
958:
953:
951:
947:
941:
933:
931:
926:
924:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
901:Interleukin-2
895:
893:
891:
886:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
849:
846:
842:
841:Muromonab-CD3
835:
833:
831:
830:IL-2 receptor
827:
820:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
660:Heterologous
655:
653:
651:
647:
642:
634:
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
607:Among these,
602:
600:
598:
594:
590:
585:
583:
579:
572:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
549:
544:
541:
539:
535:
532:
530:
526:
522:
519:
517:
513:
510:
509:
508:
506:
499:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
480:, autoimmune
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
451:
449:
447:
443:
442:cell division
439:
434:
426:
424:
422:
418:
414:
411:, etc.) from
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
383:
379:
374:
372:
368:
364:
361:
357:
353:
349:
341:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
281:Interleukin 1
278:
274:
266:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
237:dexamethasone
234:
228:
220:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
192:
191:
185:
183:
181:
180:immune system
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
155:
154:Dexamethasone
151:
145:
141:
137:
124:
120:
117:February 2022
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
67:
63:
57:
56:
52:
48:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
19:
5621:
5496:Fikri Alican
5470:Fikri Alican
4911:Upadacitinib
4871:Satralizumab
4856:Ritlecitinib
4851:Risankizumab
4646:
4627:
4567:Teprotumumab
4517:Inebilizumab
4512:Fontolizumab
4492:Atorolimumab
4460:T-lymphocyte
4458:
4432:
4416:
4402:
4383:
4372:Lerdelimumab
4367:Bertilimumab
4359:
4347:
4326:
4312:
4298:
4284:
4265:
4246:
4230:Pascolizumab
4215:Obinutuzumab
4207:
4193:
4179:
4163:Clenoliximab
4155:
4139:Otelixizumab
4126:
4099:
4086:Lebrikizumab
4070:
4054:
4038:
4022:
4006:
3963:Satralizumab
3953:Risankizumab
3885:
3844:
3828:
3820:Serum target
3772:Temsirolimus
3698:
3689:Pomalidomide
3684:Lenalidomide
3642:Pimecrolimus
3621:
3595:Methotrexate
3587:
3565:
3552:Azathioprine
3544:
3529:(initiation)
3510:
3252:Psychedelics
3222:Aphrodisiacs
3054:
2896:infestations
2872:Sex hormones
2825:Sex hormones
2770:Cicatrizants
2700:
2686:Vasodilators
2653:antianginals
2650:
2502:stomach acid
2501:
2423:. Retrieved
2419:
2407:
2391:
2381:. Retrieved
2377:the original
2372:
2357:. Retrieved
2353:the original
2348:
2335:the original
2330:
2292:
2288:
2257:
2253:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2153:(10): 1591.
2150:
2146:
2136:
2121:{{
2113:{{
2106:
2104:,
2062:
2058:
2051:
2026:
2022:
2016:
1981:
1977:
1967:
1934:
1930:
1882:
1878:
1868:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1792:
1788:
1778:
1741:
1737:
1727:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1650:
1643:
1608:
1604:
1594:
1566:
1559:
1477:dyslipidemia
1473:hypertension
1470:
1444:, decreased
1431:
1428:Side effects
1323:transplanted
1317:Prevent the
1308:
1293:
1279:
1265:
1256:
1236:
1231:tuberculosis
1228:
1202:(Remicade),
1189:
1176:
1160:
1137:
1123:
1105:
1093:
1086:
1083:actinomycete
1080:
1042:
1027:
1025:
1003:
995:skin cancers
992:
985:
961:immunophilin
954:
943:
930:
899:
882:
850:
839:
824:
768:
745:
709:opsonization
698:
659:
644:
609:dactinomycin
606:
586:
578:Azathioprine
576:
555:Methotrexate
553:
550:Methotrexate
538:fluorouracil
525:azathioprine
516:methotrexate
503:
490:pancytopenia
470:nitrosoureas
455:
436:
433:Chemotherapy
397:phagocytosis
375:
348:lipocortin-1
345:
321:
270:
249:inflammatory
230:
189:
171:
167:
163:
159:
158:
136:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
51:verification
44:
5574:Bruce Reitz
5226:LifeSharers
5204:departments
5165:Organ trade
5007:Bone marrow
4906:Tofacitinib
4846:Ravulizumab
4836:Pirfenidone
4826:Peficitinib
4726:Canakinumab
4716:Briakinumab
4706:Bimekizumab
4701:Baricitinib
4666:Aflibercept
4577:Vepalimomab
4572:Vapaliximab
4547:Rovelizumab
4537:Pexelizumab
4527:Morolimumab
4502:Cedelizumab
4487:Anifrolumab
4482:Alemtuzumab
4440:Basiliximab
4410:Tocilizumab
4396:Vedolizumab
4391:Natalizumab
4377:Metelimumab
4320:Gavilimomab
4278:Toralizumab
4273:Teneliximab
4259:Lumiliximab
4254:Gomiliximab
4240:Ublituximab
4220:Ocrelizumab
4173:Zanolimumab
4149:Visilizumab
4107:Secukinumab
4091:Ustekinumab
4062:Elsilimomab
4046:Faralimomab
4014:Mepolizumab
3998:Ustekinumab
3993:Tocilizumab
3968:Secukinumab
3918:Canakinumab
3908:Briakinumab
3903:Bimekizumab
3898:Basiliximab
3887:Interleukin
3877:Nerelimomab
3782:Zotarolimus
3723:(reception)
3694:Thalidomide
3652:Voclosporin
3637:Ciclosporin
3631:Calcineurin
3627:Cyclophilin
3574:Leflunomide
3570:inhibitors
3385:Otologicals
3357:antagonists
3323:respiratory
3298:Orexigenics
3293:Neurotoxins
3242:Euphoriants
3232:Entactogens
3227:Depressants
3217:Anxiolytics
3155:Anesthetics
2931:Antifungals
2528:Antiemetics
2516:antagonists
2088:, see
1984:: e068632.
1611:(1): 2–13.
1450:vaccination
1434:side-effect
1390:sarcoidosis
1386:scleroderma
1327:bone marrow
1299:Ciclosporin
1151:Interferons
1146:Other drugs
1134:Zotarolimus
1128:Zotarolimus
1053:phosphatase
1049:calcineurin
1038:calcineurin
988:nephrotoxic
981:interleukin
969:calcineurin
957:cyclophilin
950:calcineurin
940:Ciclosporin
934:Ciclosporin
913:basiliximab
783:anaphylaxis
717:circulation
629:mithramycin
621:mitomycin C
589:lymphocytes
545:inhibitors.
438:Cytostatics
427:Cytostatics
417:macrophages
413:neutrophils
338:synthesis.
215:other drugs
200:cytostatics
45:needs more
5657:Categories
5077:islet cell
5047:Heart–lung
4896:Sutimlimab
4891:Spesolimab
4876:Siltuximab
4816:Olokizumab
4806:Ixekizumab
4801:Itacitinib
4791:Guselkumab
4786:Fingolimod
4781:Filgotinib
4731:Crovalimab
4721:Brodalumab
4711:Blisibimod
4676:Rilonacept
4659:Opinercept
4654:Etanercept
4640:Belatacept
4591:Polyclonal
4552:Siplizumab
4542:Reslizumab
4532:Ofatumumab
4522:Maslimomab
4507:Emapalumab
4450:Inolimomab
4445:Daclizumab
4424:Odulimomab
4339:Ruplizumab
4334:Frexalimab
4292:Aselizumab
4187:Efalizumab
4144:Teplizumab
4040:Interferon
4030:Omalizumab
3983:Spesolimab
3973:Siltuximab
3948:Rilonacept
3943:Olokizumab
3933:Ixekizumab
3928:Guselkumab
3923:Daclizumab
3913:Brodalumab
3872:Infliximab
3857:Afelimomab
3852:Adalimumab
3836:Eculizumab
3812:Monoclonal
3803:Antibodies
3777:Umirolimus
3757:Everolimus
3706:Apremilast
3666:Gusperimus
3647:Tacrolimus
3615:inhibitors
3607:Macrolides
3589:antifolate
3308:Stimulants
3288:Nootropics
3262:Deliriants
3237:Entheogens
3172:Anorectics
3150:Analgesics
3003:Alkylating
2936:Antivirals
2891:infections
2765:Emollients
2619:Coagulants
2489:metabolism
1789:Immunology
1586:1142934194
1551:References
1509:lymphocyte
1505:metabolism
1442:infections
1281:Fingolimod
1208:adalimumab
1204:etanercept
1200:infliximab
1157:Interferon
1120:Everolimus
1114:Everolimus
1085:bacterium
1065:cell cycle
1032:. It is a
1022:Tacrolimus
1016:Tacrolimus
977:lymphokine
946:tacrolimus
917:daclizumab
858:arthralgia
799:analgesics
791:joint pain
733:tuberculin
705:complement
678:thymocytes
646:Antibodies
639:See also:
635:Antibodies
559:folic acid
534:pyrimidine
512:folic acid
421:mastocytes
409:chemokines
393:chemotaxis
389:emigration
382:epithelial
367:eicosanoid
326:, causing
233:prednisone
205:antibodies
144:Prednisone
87:newspapers
5339:Countries
5052:Intestine
4886:Sirukumab
4881:Siponimod
4866:Sarilumab
4841:Ponesimod
4811:Netakimab
4796:Iptacopan
4776:Etrasimod
4736:Danicopan
4671:Alefacept
4635:Abatacept
4557:Talizumab
4497:Begelomab
4353:Belimumab
4306:Galiximab
4235:Rituximab
4201:Erlizumab
4168:Keliximab
3978:Sirukumab
3958:Sarilumab
3938:Netakimab
3867:Golimumab
3767:Sirolimus
3458:ATC codes
3424:Dressings
3409:Antidotes
3273:Sedatives
3269:Hypnotics
2978:malignant
2835:endocrine
2681:Diuretics
2614:Platelets
2574:and blood
2533:Laxatives
2398:eMedicine
2383:21 August
2359:21 August
1744:(1): 12.
1670:993810322
1493:moon face
1432:A common
1423:control).
1406:pemphigus
1362:psoriasis
1319:rejection
1269:guanosine
1247:green tea
1224:psoriasis
1167:apoptosis
1095:protein,
1077:Sirolimus
1071:Sirolimus
878:Th2 cells
803:Urticaria
625:bleomycin
378:leukocyte
360:substrate
5617:Eye bank
5520:Pancreas
5304:ORGANIZE
5265:Advocacy
5072:Pancreas
4821:Ozanimod
4696:Avacopan
4689:Unsorted
4475:Unsorted
4385:Integrin
4118:Cellular
3893:Anakinra
3739:Anakinra
3661:Abetimus
3513: /
3303:Serenics
2968:Vaccines
2735:Fibrates
2557:Vitamins
2507:Antacids
2425:15 March
2311:79514959
2276:10361877
2230:31374180
2222:10918517
2179:37896993
2170:10611209
2147:Vaccines
2102:35073579
2079:33730753
2043:24491087
2008:35236664
1909:23118360
1901:19352129
1860:19218475
1819:15885124
1770:22413885
1719:22531442
1635:20398732
1530:BK virus
1519:See also
1370:vitiligo
1295:Myriocin
1285:integrin
1243:turmeric
1239:curcumin
1198:such as
1196:receptor
795:erythema
686:antigens
595:and the
494:cystitis
474:platinum
440:inhibit
385:adhesion
336:antibody
313:cytokine
283:(IL-1),
245:allergic
5017:Corneal
4617:-cept (
3160:General
3067:muscles
3036:L03–L04
3032:disease
2984:L01–L02
2980:disease
2730:Statins
2202:Bibcode
1999:8889026
1959:7652574
1951:8947928
1925:Roy S,
1810:1782146
1761:3355027
1710:3355480
1626:3047790
1305:Therapy
1266:de novo
1179:opioids
1173:Opioids
854:myalgia
731:(i.e.,
719:in the
328:B cells
101:scholar
66:removed
5427:Kidney
5384:People
5236:NOD-Lb
5109:Vagina
5104:Uterus
5099:Thymus
5094:Spleen
5057:Kidney
4629:CTLA-4
4619:Fusion
4120:target
4101:IL-17A
4078:, and
3611:other
3467:
3446:
3394:other
3325:system
3077:joints
3030:immune
2837:system
2797:system
2638:system
2440:(MeSH)
2309:
2274:
2228:
2220:
2177:
2167:
2100:
2096:,
2077:
2041:
2006:
1996:
1957:
1949:
1927:Loh HH
1907:
1899:
1858:
1817:
1807:
1768:
1758:
1717:
1707:
1668:
1658:
1633:
1623:
1584:
1574:
1421:asthma
1412:, and
1344:Treat
1335:kidney
1222:, and
1108:tumors
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3448:Drugs
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3071:bones
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2307:S2CID
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