748:
1127:
970:
669:
658:
249:
886:
914:
31:
289:
413:
806:
872:
759:
724:
774:
340:
359:
820:
149:
325:
900:
260:
785:
271:
844:
393:
445:
710:
696:
858:
646:
624:
639:
74:, which became the fundamental law by which all future kings and emperors were elected. After 1508, rulers usually were recognized as "Emperor elect" after their first, royal coronation.
1115:
936:
632:
1131:
463:
248:
1093:
1472:
288:
1467:
958:
1462:
1108:
527:
1010:
1101:
1049:
458:
63:
412:
421:
324:
1001:
974:
1301:
1296:
601:
582:
567:
1336:
951:
259:
1341:
1311:
67:
417:
358:
30:
1331:
363:
270:
1231:
889:
329:
203:
The secular electoral seats were hereditary. However, spiritual electors (and other prince-bishops) were elected by the
184:
1316:
1236:
339:
1477:
1326:
1191:
1156:
1151:
944:
875:
847:
180:
788:
397:
293:
450:
344:
95:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1321:
1306:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
992:
861:
392:
1078:
1058:
823:
809:
727:
429:
375:
264:
160:
148:
99:
137:
From the 13th century, the right to elect kings in the Holy Roman Empire came upon a limited number of
777:
762:
401:
367:
333:
305:
176:
17:
917:
903:
713:
699:
521:
371:
297:
275:
253:
220:
192:
164:
156:
103:
71:
1146:
751:
231:
208:
168:
152:
47:
43:
1135:
1126:
978:
969:
597:
578:
563:
313:
301:
204:
126:
122:
118:
109:
There were elective monarchies in several
Germanic successor states after the collapse of the
87:
404:, granted elector status in 1623, replacing the Count Palatinate of the Rhine following the
348:
212:
172:
114:
38:
as Roman-German
Emperor by the prince electors in 1612 depicted on a contemporary engraving
1019:
594:
Königtum, Burgen und Königsfreie. Königsumritt und
Huldigungen in ottonisch-salischer Zeit
531:
405:
352:
138:
589:. Beihefte zu J. F. Böhmer, Regesta Imperii 7), (Zugleich: Tübingen, Univ., Diss., 1985).
498:
662:
227:
142:
51:
35:
1456:
425:
309:
54:. This was then followed shortly thereafter by his coronation as king, originally at
618:
216:
145:. There are various theories over the emergence of their exclusive election right.
110:
223:
of clerics and imperially appointed as princely rulers in a pertaining territory.
440:
1039:
207:
as religious leaders, but simultaneously ruled as princes of a territory of
196:
188:
59:
215:
were elective monarchies too. The same holds true for prince-abbeys, whose
604:(Konstanzer Arbeitskreis für mittelalterliche Geschichte e.V. (publ.):
211:(which usually comprised a part of their diocesan territory). Thus the
50:
was elected by a small body of the greatest princes of the realm, the
553:
55:
428:, granted elector status in 1692. From 1714 the Duke was also the
300:
at the time of the Golden Bull, but from 1526 onward ruled by the
147:
235:
91:
1097:
940:
628:
587:
98:
of the monarch in some cultures is governed by the rules of
560:
Königswahl und
Thronfolge in fränkisch-karolingischer Zeit
562:, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt, 1975,
62:. The king was then expected to march to Rome, to be
1071:
1032:
985:
464:
List of imperial elections in the Holy Roman Empire
312:. The Bohemian Crown itself was also theoretically
555:. 2. erweiterte Auflage. Rohrer, Brünn u. a. 1944.
387:Later additions to the electoral council were:
332:, throughout the entire period a member of the
234:". The king then went on to be crowned by the
46:was generally a two-stage process whereby the
1109:
952:
640:
8:
575:Königswahl und Thronfolge im 12. Jahrhundert
86:was the election of royal candidates in the
665:of the Holy Roman Empire from 1356 to 1806
483:Noble; Strauss; Osheim; Neuschel; Accampo.
1116:
1102:
1094:
959:
945:
937:
679:
647:
633:
625:
596:. 2nd edn. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen, 1981,
94:by a specified elective body. Whilst the
129:, period of the Aristocratic Republic).
29:
485:Western Civilization: Beyond Boundaries
475:
219:or prince-abbesses were elected by a
1473:Imperial election (Holy Roman Empire)
534:, article dated 25 March 2013 in the
18:Imperial election (Holy Roman Empire)
7:
499:"The Golden Bull of Charles IV 1356"
459:Coronation of the Holy Roman Emperor
316:, but under the Habsburgs it became
1468:Elections in the Holy Roman Empire
592:Gerhard Baaken, Roderich Schmidt:
66:by the pope. In 1356, the Emperor
25:
1463:Monarchy of the Holy Roman Empire
1125:
968:
912:
898:
884:
870:
856:
842:
818:
804:
783:
772:
757:
746:
722:
708:
694:
667:
656:
538:portal, retrieved 16 August 2013
443:
411:
391:
357:
338:
323:
287:
269:
258:
247:
121:, the Holy Roman Empire and the
27:Election of a Holy Roman Emperor
577:. Böhlau, Cologne, etc.. 1987,
536:historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de
1:
374:; from 1415, a member of the
370:; from 1373, a member of the
351:; from 1423, a member of the
366:, from 1356 a member of the
347:, from 1356 a member of the
265:Prince-Archbishop of Cologne
238:. The prince-electors were:
185:Electorate of the Palatinate
400:; of another branch of the
330:Count Palatine of the Rhine
155:and the eight electors (of
1494:
418:Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
276:Prince-Archbishop of Trier
254:Prince-Archbishop of Mainz
1142:
838:Added in the 19th century
800:Added in the 17th century
677:
606:Vorträge und Forschungen
451:Holy Roman Empire portal
96:succession to the throne
90:and its predecessors as
364:Margrave of Brandenburg
125:from 1573 to 1795 (see
200:
39:
619:The Holy Roman Empire
430:King of Great Britain
376:House of Hohenzollern
304:, who also ruled the
151:
100:hereditary succession
33:
1079:Imperial Itinerary (
1059:Coronation Service (
558:Eduard Hlawitschka:
402:House of Wittelsbach
368:House of Wittelsbach
334:House of Wittelsbach
306:Archduchy of Austria
1011:Electoral College (
420:(also known as the
372:House of Luxembourg
298:House of Luxembourg
104:elective monarchies
683:
551:Heinrich Mitteis:
530:2015-11-18 at the
422:Elector of Hanover
383:Subsequent changes
242:Spiritual electors
232:King of the Romans
209:imperial immediacy
205:cathedral chapters
201:
48:King of the Romans
44:Holy Roman Emperor
42:The election of a
40:
1478:Elective monarchy
1450:
1449:
1136:Holy Roman Empire
1091:
1090:
979:Holy Roman Empire
934:
933:
929:
928:
768:(until 1777)
621:at Heraldica.org.
302:House of Habsburg
213:prince-bishoprics
127:History of Poland
123:Kingdom of Poland
119:Early Middle Ages
102:, there are also
88:Holy Roman Empire
16:(Redirected from
1485:
1130:
1129:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1095:
1033:Spiritual rites:
973:
972:
961:
954:
947:
938:
923:
922:
916:
915:
909:
908:
902:
901:
895:
894:
888:
887:
881:
880:
874:
873:
867:
866:
860:
859:
853:
850:
846:
845:
829:
826:
822:
821:
815:
812:
808:
807:
791:
787:
786:
780:
776:
775:
769:
765:
761:
760:
754:
750:
749:
733:
730:
726:
725:
719:
716:
712:
711:
705:
702:
698:
697:
680:
672:
671:
670:
661:
660:
659:
649:
642:
635:
626:
573:Ulrich Schmidt:
539:
519:
513:
512:
510:
509:
495:
489:
488:
480:
453:
448:
447:
446:
415:
395:
361:
349:House of Ascania
342:
327:
291:
282:Secular electors
273:
262:
251:
226:Initially seven
139:imperial princes
115:Migration Period
70:promulgated the
34:The election of
21:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1138:
1124:
1122:
1092:
1087:
1067:
1028:
981:
967:
965:
935:
930:
925:
924:
920:
913:
911:
910:
906:
899:
897:
896:
892:
885:
883:
882:
878:
871:
869:
868:
864:
857:
855:
854:
851:
843:
841:
840:
831:
830:
827:
819:
817:
816:
813:
805:
803:
802:
793:
792:
784:
782:
781:
773:
771:
770:
767:
758:
756:
755:
747:
745:
744:
735:
734:
731:
723:
721:
720:
717:
709:
707:
706:
703:
695:
693:
692:
673:
668:
666:
657:
655:
653:
615:
548:
543:
542:
532:Wayback Machine
520:
516:
507:
505:
497:
496:
492:
482:
481:
477:
472:
449:
444:
442:
439:
406:Bohemian Revolt
398:Duke of Bavaria
385:
353:House of Wettin
294:King of Bohemia
284:
244:
143:prince-electors
135:
133:Prince-electors
80:
64:crowned Emperor
52:prince-electors
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1491:
1489:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1455:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1312:1349 (January)
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1098:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1056:
1047:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1017:
1008:
999:
989:
987:
983:
982:
975:Royal election
966:
964:
963:
956:
949:
941:
932:
931:
927:
926:
836:
835:
834:
832:
798:
797:
796:
794:
740:
739:
738:
736:
688:
687:
686:
684:
678:
675:
674:
654:
652:
651:
644:
637:
629:
623:
622:
614:
613:External links
611:
610:
609:
590:
571:
556:
547:
544:
541:
540:
514:
490:
474:
473:
471:
468:
467:
466:
461:
455:
454:
438:
435:
434:
433:
409:
384:
381:
380:
379:
355:
345:Duke of Saxony
336:
321:
283:
280:
279:
278:
267:
256:
243:
240:
134:
131:
79:
76:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1490:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1302:1314 (20 Oct)
1300:
1298:
1297:1314 (19 Oct)
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1107:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1084:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1000:
998:
996:
993:Designation (
991:
990:
988:
984:
980:
976:
971:
962:
957:
955:
950:
948:
943:
942:
939:
919:
905:
891:
877:
863:
849:
839:
833:
825:
811:
801:
795:
790:
779:
764:
753:
743:
737:
729:
715:
701:
691:
685:
682:
681:
676:
664:
650:
645:
643:
638:
636:
631:
630:
627:
620:
617:
616:
612:
607:
603:
602:3-799-56606-6
599:
595:
591:
588:
584:
583:3-412-04087-8
580:
576:
572:
569:
568:3-534-04685-4
565:
561:
557:
554:
550:
549:
545:
537:
533:
529:
526:
525:
518:
515:
504:
500:
494:
491:
486:
479:
476:
469:
465:
462:
460:
457:
456:
452:
441:
436:
431:
427:
426:House of Welf
423:
419:
414:
410:
407:
403:
399:
394:
390:
389:
388:
382:
377:
373:
369:
365:
360:
356:
354:
350:
346:
341:
337:
335:
331:
326:
322:
319:
315:
311:
310:Inner Austria
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
286:
285:
281:
277:
272:
268:
266:
261:
257:
255:
250:
246:
245:
241:
239:
237:
233:
229:
224:
222:
218:
217:prince-abbots
214:
210:
206:
198:
194:
193:Abraham Aubry
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
144:
140:
132:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
77:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
58:and later at
57:
53:
49:
45:
37:
32:
19:
1081:Königsumritt
1080:
1072:Recognition:
1061:Krönungsordo
1060:
1051:
1050:Coronation (
1043:
1021:
1012:
1003:
994:
837:
799:
741:
732:(until 1803)
718:(until 1803)
704:(until 1803)
689:
605:
593:
586:
574:
559:
552:
535:
523:
522:Armin Wolf:
517:
506:. Retrieved
502:
493:
484:
478:
386:
317:
225:
202:
136:
111:Roman Empire
108:
83:
81:
41:
1317:1349 (June)
1252:1237 Vienna
995:Designation
921:(1803–1806)
907:(1803–1806)
893:(1803–1806)
890:Württemberg
879:(1805–1806)
865:(1803–1805)
852:(1803–1806)
789:Brandenburg
320:hereditary.
230:chose the "
181:Brandenburg
153:The Emperor
113:during the
72:Golden Bull
1457:Categories
1342:1410 (Oct)
1337:1410 (Sep)
1332:1400 (Aug)
1327:1400 (May)
1237:1198 (Jun)
1232:1198 (Mar)
1004:Königswahl
1002:Election (
848:Regensburg
763:Palatinate
546:Literature
524:Kurfürsten
508:2017-11-22
503:ordham.edu
470:References
199:, 1663/64.
187:). Copper
84:Königswahl
78:Background
68:Charles IV
1132:Elections
1040:Anointing
1022:Huldigung
986:Election:
690:Spiritual
424:) of the
296:, of the
197:Nuremberg
189:engraving
60:Frankfurt
1020:Homage (
876:Würzburg
862:Salzburg
663:Electors
528:Archived
437:See also
318:de facto
314:elective
228:electors
183:and the
36:Matthias
1134:in the
1052:Krönung
1044:Salbung
977:in the
824:Hanover
810:Bavaria
752:Bohemia
742:Secular
728:Cologne
221:college
173:Bavaria
169:Bohemia
161:Cologne
141:called
1227:(1198)
828:(1692)
814:(1623)
778:Saxony
766:
600:
581:
566:
177:Saxony
117:, the
56:Aachen
918:Hesse
904:Baden
714:Trier
700:Mainz
165:Mainz
157:Trier
1442:1792
1437:1790
1432:1764
1427:1745
1422:1742
1417:1711
1412:1690
1407:1658
1402:1653
1397:1636
1392:1619
1387:1612
1382:1575
1377:1562
1372:1531
1367:1519
1362:1486
1357:1440
1352:1438
1347:1411
1322:1376
1307:1346
1292:1308
1287:1298
1282:1292
1277:1273
1272:1257
1267:1252
1262:1247
1257:1246
1247:1220
1242:1208
1222:1196
1217:1169
1212:1152
1207:1147
1202:1138
1197:1127
1192:1125
1187:1098
1182:1081
1177:1077
1172:1075
1167:1051
1162:1028
1157:1024
1152:1002
598:ISBN
579:ISBN
564:ISBN
416:The
396:The
362:The
343:The
328:The
308:and
292:The
274:The
263:The
252:The
236:pope
92:king
82:The
1147:983
1013:Kur
608:6).
585:, (
191:by
1459::
501:.
195:,
179:,
175:,
171:,
167:,
163:,
159:,
106:.
1117:e
1110:t
1103:v
1083:)
1063:)
1054:)
1046:)
1042:(
1024:)
1015:)
1006:)
997:)
960:e
953:t
946:v
648:e
641:t
634:v
570:.
511:.
487:.
432:.
408:.
378:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.