223:
portion of the public." Karabell said that this trend continued under Obama, and that "stonewalling" from
Congress "provoked the Obama administration into finding innovative ways to exercise power," making Obama "one of the most powerful presidents ever." He wrote that this trend could potentially set precedent for further expansion of executive power.
302:
made the executive more difficult to control. Ford said that "a principal weakness in the presidency is the inability of the White House to maintain control over the large federal bureaucracy. There is nothing more frustrating for a
President than to issue an order to a Cabinet officer, and then find
61:
system by allowing presidents to create and abuse presidential prerogatives during national emergencies. This was based on: (1) presidential war powers vaguely defined in the
Constitution, and (2) secrecy – a system used that shielded the Presidency from the usual checks and balances afforded by the
222:
saw the beginning of the current move toward an imperial presidency, as George W. Bush keyed off the crisis to expand executive authority in national security and domestic surveillance. In that, his administration had the legal but classified support of
Congress, and for a time, a considerable
238:
as instances which have led to some power being returned to
Congress at the executive branch's expense. Nevertheless, Princeton University historians Kevin M. Kruse and Julian E. Zelizer argued that aspects of the imperial presidency were apparent in the Trump administration.
306:
According to Dino P. Christenson and
Douglas L. Kriner, presidents have considerable leeway to act independently of Congress and the courts, but unless domestic public opinion is in their favor, unilateral action risks inciting political pushback.
267:
A battery of post-Nixon controls on executive power, including transparency rules and "watchdog bureaucracies" such as the federal
Inspectors General, a strengthened Government Accountability Office, and the Congressional Budget
1028:
1748:
2240:
163:
The presidency relies on implicit powers not found in the
Constitution. The extent of foreign policy and war powers of the presidency are questioned. Also, the extent of presidential secrecy is questioned.
259:
argued that the concept of the imperial presidency neglects several important changes in the context of governance over the last three decades, all of which tend to restrict the president's actual power:
248:
The
Executive Office of the President makes up only a minute part of the federal bureaucracy, with no institutional continuity, and the president has little influence as to the appointment of most of its
198:
in
Nicaragua, in explicit contravention of a congressional ban, was highlighted as an example of the ability to act by a "junior courtier" based on his position as a member of a large White House staff.
2113:
1830:
1835:
1930:
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298:. Ford argued that rather than being too powerful, the president does not have enough power to be effective. The growth in the size of the bureaucracy surrounding the president since the
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1400:
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2007:
1609:
1265:
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78:). The office later became used only for ceremonial occasions, but in the 19th and early 20th centuries, presidents regularly operated out of the Capitol Hill office. However,
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1668:
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Changes in information and communication technologies that amplify the effect of official dissent and increase the capacity of opponents to mobilize against executive action
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2066:
1770:
1557:
134:
As staff numbers increased, many people were appointed who held personal loyalty to the person serving as president and were not subject to outside approval or control.
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to address two concerns: that the presidency was uncontrollable and that it had exceeded its constitutional limits. According to professor of political science
1187:
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156:(with only a handful of exceptions), as it does with cabinet appointments. A corollary is that EOP personnel are accountable only to the President and not to
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1847:
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1952:
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The organization and functioning of most of the federal government is determined by law, and the president has thus little power to reorganize it.
138:
203:, who served as Reagan's final Chief of Staff, was critical of the growth, complexity, and apparent unanswerability of the presidential "court".
684:
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2026:
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1765:
1743:
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1103:
1098:
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927:
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The increased willingness of bureaucrats to protest or "blow the whistle" on policies with which they disagree, with stronger protection for
117:, which is beside the White House and used by the Departments of Defense and State. Progressive overcrowding in the West Wing led President
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A plebiscitary presidency is accountable only during elections or impeachment, rather than daily to the Congress, the press and the public.
137:
Advisory bodies developed around the presidency, many of which complemented the main cabinet departments, which declined in influence. The
114:
19:
This article is about the concept of imperial presidency in American politics. For its use in the analysis of South Korean politics under
419:. Frank and Virginia Williams Collection of Lincolniana (Mississippi State University. Libraries). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. pp. x.
334:
office as president. V-Dem was based on the fact that the Yoon Seok-yeol government had taken suppressions against the opposition party.
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argued that executive power grew further in the 21st century, due in part to congressional inaction. Citing the presidencies of
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3234:
3175:
3084:
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2447:
2437:
2002:
1920:
1858:
1842:
1688:
1683:
1447:
1427:
1417:
1412:
576:. The Collapse of Fortress Bush: The Crisis of Authority in American Government. New York: New York University Press, 2008.
363:
142:
2352:
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2138:
1995:
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1599:
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36:
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altered the previous importance of the office. The new age of electronic media, the growth of executive agencies under the
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2108:
2041:
1898:
1854:
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1621:
1432:
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1125:
1033:
841:
487:
211:
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3162:
3064:
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2513:
2148:
2103:
1910:
1792:
1646:
590:
573:
353:
256:
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were particularly described as surrounded by "courts" in which junior staffers acted occasionally in contravention of
513:
283:
Declining executive discretion over the use of federal funds, which are increasingly committed to mandatory programs
3300:
3170:
3002:
2982:
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2780:
2770:
2452:
2357:
1970:
1960:
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1482:
1472:
1467:
989:
539:
227:
215:
2879:
2185:
1990:
1985:
1547:
1001:
408:
40:
1115:
1055:
2992:
2337:
2327:
2093:
2049:
1890:
1651:
1437:
1301:
388:
368:
286:
Declining regulation of the private sector, as a consequence of the post-Reagan shift to neoliberal policies,
2486:
2222:
1980:
1373:
947:
45:
326:
Especially in South Korea, because of this, the Institute for Democracy and Diversity (V-Dem) insists that
3484:
2938:
2288:
2098:
2078:
1880:
1735:
1530:
1477:
1462:
1306:
994:
287:
157:
3137:
2820:
1935:
1492:
1457:
1452:
1395:
1378:
1108:
79:
71:
3489:
2617:
2491:
2382:
1760:
1192:
1172:
1120:
1070:
1011:
942:
219:
149:
3029:
2945:
2755:
2156:
1787:
984:
720:
75:
24:
2269:
2257:
1975:
1965:
1942:
1925:
1321:
1065:
1060:
932:
648:
544:
468:
378:
3012:
2372:
2342:
2168:
1520:
1018:
937:
922:
781:
638:
598:
549:
430:
420:
234:
immigration policy and the Trump administration's threat to use its position to withdraw from
187:
685:"France election: Why is France's president the most powerful in Europe and is it a problem?"
634:
2928:
2775:
2481:
2301:
1311:
1152:
1135:
1130:
969:
773:
630:
624:
460:
358:
230:
had the possibly unintended effect of eroding executive power, citing the rescission of the
207:
83:
2637:
2413:
2311:
2083:
1383:
1316:
1085:
1006:
952:
183:
179:
702:
3107:
3007:
2390:
1525:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1177:
1040:
974:
777:
758:
343:
272:
58:
20:
3504:
2088:
1388:
1197:
832:
652:
413:
331:
175:
171:
118:
50:
39:. It became popular in the 1960s and served as the title of a 1973 book by historian
2395:
2367:
1422:
200:
191:
87:
2672:
2203:
1540:
1442:
1182:
1045:
348:
327:
320:
295:
110:
95:
190:
affair as an example. Under Reagan (1981–1989), the role of Lieutenant Colonel
1535:
1341:
1167:
1162:
1080:
739:
105:
The post-war presidency has a large executive staff most often crowded in the
602:
553:
102:
in 1939 all marked the growth of the traditionally small presidential staff.
3024:
3017:
106:
770:
The Cult of the Presidency: America's Dangerous Devotion to Executive Power
740:"V-Dem said "South Korea is changing from democratisation to dictatorship""
451:
Cronin, Thomas (1980). "A Resurgent Congress and the Imperial Presidency".
434:
1207:
1157:
801:
299:
91:
760:
The New Imperial Presidency: renewing presidential power after Watergate
57:"imperial presidency" is a term used to define a danger to the American
472:
195:
186:. Schlesinger pointed out activities of some Nixon staffers during the
303:
that, when the order gets out in the field, it is totally mutilated."
316:
577:
464:
264:
The growth in the size and the complexity of the federal bureaucracy
488:"How the GOP Made Obama One of America's Most Powerful Presidents"
70:
Until the 1930s, the president had few staff, most based in the
805:
540:"Opinion | Have We Had Enough of the Imperial Presidency Yet?"
294:
The "Imperiled Presidency" was a theory of former President
280:
Declining public trust in and deference to federal authority
667:"The powers of the French president: A modern-day monarch?"
74:, where the president had always maintained an office (the
384:
Separation of powers under the United States Constitution
121:
to convert the former presidential swimming pool into a
538:
Kruse, Kevin M.; Zelizer, Julian E. (January 9, 2019).
589:
Ford, Gerald R.; Nixon, Richard (November 10, 1980).
152:
does not "advise and consent to" appointments to the
3288:
3161:
3093:
2746:
2733:
2681:
2537:
2404:
2381:
2320:
2287:
2278:
2221:
2184:
2147:
2124:
2040:
2020:
1951:
1889:
1811:
1734:
1592:
1583:
1570:
1283:
1228:
915:
849:
840:
323:have also been described as imperial presidencies.
412:
623:Christenson, Dino P.; Kriner, Douglas L. (2020).
2236:Native American recognition in the United States
738:The Seoul Economic Daily, ed. (March 8, 2024).
194:, USMC, in the facilitation of funding to the
2633:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States
817:
703:"[Editorial] End imperial presidency"
8:
796:The Return of the Imperial Presidency ?
578:Chapter 9, "Beyond the Imperial Presidency."
374:Powers of the president of the United States
3516:Constitutional history of the United States
2743:
2739:
2543:
2284:
2037:
1589:
1580:
1576:
1289:
846:
824:
810:
802:
591:"Nation: Two Ex-Presidents Assess the Job"
109:(redesigned in 1934), the basement of the
2246:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes
330:'s dictatorship has been under way since
16:Term for excessive US presidential power
2297:List of counties and county equivalents
400:
635:10.7208/chicago/9780226704531.001.0001
512:Karabell, Zachary (October 24, 2017).
514:"How Trump Throws Away His Own Power"
446:
444:
290:, and the growth of corporate lobbies
82:'s presidency (1933–1945) during the
7:
798:Wilson Quarterly. 26:2 (2002) pg. 37
486:Karabell, Zachary (April 14, 2016).
115:Eisenhower Executive Office Building
626:The Myth of the Imperial Presidency
62:legislative and judicial branches.
14:
1642:Director of National Intelligence
154:Executive Office of the President
100:Executive Office of the President
1798:Government Accountability Office
35:is a term applied to the modern
3511:Presidency of the United States
763:. University of Michigan Press.
629:. University of Chicago Press.
364:Monarchism in the United States
226:Karabell later argued that the
143:Office of Management and Budget
37:presidency of the United States
3441:Separation of church and state
1657:National Reconnaissance Office
1600:President of the United States
1:
1803:Government Publishing Office
1271:Technological and industrial
55:The State of the Presidency,
3275:Women's reproductive health
2241:Federally recognized tribes
2104:Public utilities commission
2008:Public Health Service Corps
1911:Code of Federal Regulations
1793:Congressional Budget Office
1647:Central Intelligence Agency
1553:Water supply and sanitation
980:Declaration of Independence
757:Rudalevige, Andrew (2006).
453:Political Science Quarterly
354:Fourth branch of government
129:Arguments for its existence
3532:
2453:Red states and blue states
2358:City commission government
2353:Council–manager government
409:Schlesinger, Arthur M. Jr.
228:presidency of Donald Trump
98:, and the creation of the
41:Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.
18:
3462:
2742:
2546:
2433:
2209:Comparison of governments
1579:
1292:
1188:Post-Cold War (1991–2008)
1029:drafting and ratification
1002:Articles of Confederation
794:Wolfensberger, Donald R.
721:"End imperial presidency"
139:National Security Council
3228:Prescription drug prices
2348:Mayor–council government
2338:Coterminous municipality
2328:Consolidated city-county
2094:Agriculture commissioner
1744:House of Representatives
1652:National Security Agency
1302:Contiguous United States
389:Unitary executive theory
369:National Emergencies Act
311:Usage in other countries
218:as examples, he wrote: "
3313:Criticism of government
2658:Social welfare programs
2251:State-recognized tribes
1236:Outline of U.S. history
948:Continental Association
415:The Imperial Presidency
46:The Imperial Presidency
3375:Environmental movement
3218:Health insurance costs
3113:Educational attainment
2638:Federal Reserve System
2596:Science and technology
2099:Insurance commissioner
1637:Intelligence Community
1332:minor outlying islands
1095:Civil rights movement
288:economic globalization
3201:Immigrant health care
2716:Transportation safety
2711:Transportation policy
2701:Public transportation
1771:President pro tempore
1627:Executive departments
1396:National Park Service
1051:Territorial evolution
768:Healy, Gene (2009) .
80:Franklin D. Roosevelt
3370:Environmental issues
3035:Political ideologies
2934:Indigenous languages
2134:List of legislatures
1931:separation of powers
1632:Independent agencies
1558:World Heritage Sites
1193:September 11 attacks
1116:Spanish–American War
1056:Mexican–American War
1012:Confederation period
943:Continental Congress
315:The presidencies of
170:The presidencies of
96:Brain Trust advisors
3213:Health care finance
2706:Rail transportation
2472:Imperial presidency
2194:State constitutions
2139:List of legislators
2089:Auditor/Comptroller
2062:Lieutenant governor
1788:Library of Congress
1679:Diplomatic Security
1322:Indian reservations
985:American Revolution
145:are prime examples.
33:Imperial presidency
25:Yushin Constitution
3323:affirmative action
3296:Capital punishment
3255:Poverty and health
3250:Physician shortage
3223:Health care prices
3153:Standard of living
2836:standard of living
2643:Financial position
2270:Hawaiian home land
2258:Indian reservation
2231:Tribal sovereignty
2074:Secretary of state
1943:United States Code
1859:Territorial courts
1831:Associate Justices
1716:Inspector generals
1203:War in Afghanistan
1066:Reconstruction era
933:Stamp Act Congress
545:The New York Times
379:President for life
3498:
3497:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3424:National security
3133:Income inequality
3013:Statue of Liberty
2816:income inequality
2729:
2728:
2721:Trucking industry
2533:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2460:Foreign relations
2448:Electoral College
2429:
2428:
2217:
2216:
2169:District attorney
2016:
2015:
1843:Courts of appeals
1566:
1565:
1279:
1278:
1220:COVID-19 pandemic
1173:Feminist Movement
1019:American frontier
938:Thirteen Colonies
727:. April 27, 2022.
709:. March 17, 2022.
691:. April 11, 2022.
644:978-0-226-70436-4
518:POLITICO Magazine
492:POLITICO Magazine
3523:
3478:
3471:
3358:African American
3240:Health insurance
3128:Household income
2998:National symbols
2929:American English
2902:Federal holidays
2811:household income
2744:
2740:
2544:
2482:Anti-Americanism
2406:Special district
2333:Independent city
2302:County executive
2285:
2079:Attorney general
2038:
2027:Federal District
1610:Executive Office
1590:
1581:
1577:
1337:populated places
1317:federal enclaves
1312:federal district
1290:
1153:American Century
1136:Great Depression
1131:Roaring Twenties
1091:Women's suffrage
970:Halifax Resolves
963:Founding Fathers
958:military history
923:Pre-colonial era
847:
826:
819:
812:
803:
791:
772:(2nd ed.).
764:
744:
743:
735:
729:
728:
717:
711:
710:
707:The Korea Herald
699:
693:
692:
681:
675:
674:
673:. March 9, 2022.
663:
657:
656:
620:
614:
613:
611:
609:
586:
580:
574:Alasdair Roberts
571:
565:
564:
562:
560:
535:
529:
528:
526:
524:
509:
503:
502:
500:
498:
483:
477:
476:
448:
439:
438:
418:
405:
359:Madisonian model
257:Alasdair Roberts
208:Zachary Karabell
184:Acts of Congress
180:executive orders
84:Great Depression
76:President's Room
51:Thomas E. Cronin
3531:
3530:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3450:
3436:Opioid epidemic
3353:Native American
3333:intersex rights
3284:
3280:Life expectancy
3270:Medical deserts
3260:Race and health
3157:
3143:Personal income
3089:
2993:National anthem
2826:personal income
2791:Economic issues
2725:
2677:
2525:
2425:
2414:School district
2400:
2383:Minor divisions
2377:
2316:
2274:
2213:
2199:Statutory codes
2180:
2143:
2120:
2030:
2025:
2012:
1947:
1904:civil liberties
1885:
1876:Other tribunals
1855:District courts
1807:
1766:current members
1749:current members
1730:
1664:Law enforcement
1562:
1275:
1224:
1215:Great Recession
1086:Progressive Era
1076:Native genocide
1007:Perpetual Union
995:Treaty of Paris
953:United Colonies
911:
836:
830:
788:
767:
756:
753:
751:Further reading
748:
747:
737:
736:
732:
725:The Korea Times
719:
718:
714:
701:
700:
696:
683:
682:
678:
665:
664:
660:
645:
622:
621:
617:
607:
605:
588:
587:
583:
572:
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522:
520:
511:
510:
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496:
494:
485:
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480:
465:10.2307/2149365
450:
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68:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3472:
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3449:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3392:Mass shootings
3389:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3380:Climate change
3377:
3367:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3318:Discrimination
3315:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3298:
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3108:American Dream
3105:
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3087:
3082:
3077:
3075:Transportation
3072:
3067:
3062:
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3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
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3020:
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3008:Mount Rushmore
3005:
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2628:Federal budget
2625:
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2598:
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2566:Communications
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2487:exceptionalism
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2465:foreign policy
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2162:Chief justices
2157:Supreme courts
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2018:
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2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2005:
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1996:National Guard
1993:
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1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1957:
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1899:Bill of Rights
1895:
1893:
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1873:
1872:
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1869:list of judges
1866:
1864:list of courts
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1848:list of judges
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1800:
1795:
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1783:Capitol Police
1780:
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1704:Secret Service
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1617:Vice President
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1401:National Parks
1393:
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1354:Extreme points
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1041:Federalist Era
1038:
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1034:Bill of Rights
1031:
1021:
1016:
1015:
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998:
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992:
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831:
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792:
787:978-1933995199
786:
778:Cato Institute
774:Washington, DC
765:
752:
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694:
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658:
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615:
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344:Abuse of power
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273:whistleblowing
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212:George W. Bush
168:
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135:
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127:
67:
64:
59:constitutional
21:Park Chung Hee
15:
13:
10:
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3365:Energy policy
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3306:incarceration
3304:
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3189:
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3186:Birth control
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3123:Homeownership
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3119:
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3111:
3109:
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3098:
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2846:working class
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2806:homeownership
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2514:Third parties
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2019:
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1881:U.S. attorney
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1389:Sierra Nevada
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1327:insular zones
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1198:War on Terror
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1178:LGBT Movement
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3407:Human rights
3387:Gun politics
3338:Islamophobia
3328:antisemitism
3196:Hospice care
3138:Middle class
3118:Homelessness
3095:Social class
3055:Social class
2919:Human rights
2909:Homelessness
2821:middle class
2786:Demographics
2761:Architecture
2668:Unemployment
2648:Labor unions
2471:
2396:Town meeting
2373:City council
2368:City manager
2109:State police
1971:Marine Corps
1961:Armed Forces
1936:civil rights
1916:Constitution
1488:Southwestern
1483:Southeastern
1473:Northwestern
1468:Northeastern
1433:Mid-Atlantic
1423:Great Plains
1141:World War II
1024:Constitution
928:Colonial era
907:2008–present
795:
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759:
742:(in Korean).
733:
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689:euronews.com
688:
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606:. Retrieved
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349:Color of law
325:
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305:
293:
255:
225:
216:Barack Obama
205:
201:Howard Baker
192:Oliver North
169:
113:, or in the
104:
88:World War II
69:
54:
53:, author of
44:
43:, who wrote
32:
31:
29:
3412:Immigration
3343:LGBT rights
3245:Food safety
3080:Video games
2673:Wall Street
2653:Public debt
2556:Agriculture
2492:nationalism
2204:Uniform act
2126:Legislative
2033:Territorial
1991:Coast Guard
1986:Space Force
1736:Legislative
1531:Red (South)
1521:Mississippi
1443:New England
1379:Appalachian
1349:Earthquakes
1246:Discoveries
1241:Demographic
1183:Vietnam War
1126:World War I
1121:Imperialism
1071:Indian Wars
1046:War of 1812
559:January 10,
523:October 25,
497:October 25,
328:South Korea
321:South Korea
296:Gerald Ford
111:White House
3505:Categories
3446:Xenophobia
3235:Disability
3176:Healthcare
3085:Visual art
3030:Philosophy
2976:television
2966:newspapers
2956:journalism
2946:Literature
2858:attainment
2509:Republican
2504:Democratic
2477:Ideologies
2438:Corruption
2003:NOAA Corps
1926:preemption
1921:federalism
1536:Rio Grande
1438:Midwestern
1418:West Coast
1413:East Coast
1256:Inventions
1168:Space Race
1163:Korean War
1146:home front
1081:Gilded Age
459:(2): 211.
426:0395177138
395:References
243:Criticisms
206:Historian
123:press room
3429:Terrorism
3206:Rationing
3103:Affluence
3050:Sexuality
3018:Uncle Sam
2924:Languages
2853:Education
2796:affluence
2756:Americana
2683:Transport
2581:Insurance
2571:Companies
2551:By sector
2443:Elections
2084:Treasurer
2042:Executive
1981:Air Force
1953:Uniformed
1776:President
1593:Executive
1364:Mountains
1297:Territory
1285:Geography
1109:1954–1968
1104:1896–1954
1099:1865–1896
1061:Civil War
902:1991–2008
897:1980–1991
892:1964–1980
887:1945–1964
882:1917–1945
877:1865–1917
872:1849–1865
867:1815–1849
862:1789–1815
857:1776–1789
850:By period
671:France 24
653:203390471
603:0040-781X
554:0362-4331
188:Watergate
107:West Wing
3485:Category
3181:Abortion
3045:Religion
3003:Columbia
2961:internet
2897:Holidays
2892:Folklore
2863:literacy
2801:eviction
2691:Aviation
2663:Taxation
2618:Currency
2611:by state
2521:Scandals
2391:Township
2149:Judicial
2050:Governor
1813:Judicial
1699:Marshals
1572:Politics
1526:Missouri
1516:Columbia
1511:Colorado
1506:Arkansas
1499:Longest
1478:Southern
1463:Northern
1307:counties
1261:Military
1251:Economic
1229:By topic
1208:Iraq War
1158:Cold War
916:By event
608:April 1,
411:(1973).
338:See also
300:New Deal
249:members.
158:Congress
141:and the
92:New Deal
3469:Outline
3417:illegal
3402:Smoking
3265:Obesity
3148:Poverty
3070:Theater
3060:Society
2914:Housing
2875:Fashion
2831:poverty
2776:Cuisine
2748:Culture
2735:Society
2696:Driving
2623:Exports
2601:Tourism
2561:Banking
2539:Economy
2499:Parties
2343:Charter
2307:Sheriff
1754:Speaker
1622:Cabinet
1585:Federal
1493:Western
1458:Eastern
1453:Central
1448:Pacific
1408:Regions
1359:Islands
842:History
473:2149365
196:Contras
72:Capitol
66:History
3490:Portal
3397:Hunger
3348:racism
3289:Issues
3163:Health
3065:Sports
3025:People
2870:Family
2841:wealth
2766:Cinema
2591:Mining
2576:Energy
2321:Cities
2289:County
2223:Tribal
1761:Senate
1605:powers
1501:rivers
1374:ranges
1342:states
1266:Postal
784:
651:
641:
601:
552:
471:
435:704887
433:
423:
317:France
268:Office
150:Senate
94:, his
23:, see
3476:Index
3301:Crime
3171:Aging
2988:Names
2983:Music
2971:radio
2951:Media
2781:Dance
2771:Crime
2606:Trade
2363:Mayor
2312:Clerk
2280:Local
2022:State
1541:Yukon
1384:Rocky
1369:peaks
649:S2CID
469:JSTOR
236:NAFTA
3040:Race
2885:list
2880:Flag
2419:list
2263:list
2174:list
2114:list
2067:list
2055:list
2031:and
1976:Navy
1966:Army
1836:list
1548:Time
1428:Gulf
782:ISBN
639:ISBN
610:2019
599:ISSN
595:Time
561:2019
550:ISSN
525:2017
499:2017
431:OCLC
421:ISBN
319:and
232:DACA
220:9/11
214:and
174:and
148:The
86:and
2939:ASL
2186:Law
1891:Law
1709:TSA
1694:ICE
1689:FBI
1684:DEA
1674:CBP
1669:ATF
990:War
631:doi
461:doi
182:or
3507::
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125:.
2029:,
2024:,
1857:/
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27:.
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