31:
509:(NDS) initiative, is an industry grouping of car manufacturers, navigation system suppliers and map data suppliers whose objective is the standardization of the data format used in car navigation systems, as well as allow a map update capability. The NDS effort began in 2004 and became a registered association in 2009. Standardization would improve interoperability, specifically by allowing the same navigation maps to be used in navigation systems from 20 manufacturers. Companies involved include
2551:
2571:
397:
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452:) format, but each electronics manufacturer compiles it in an optimized, usually proprietary manner. GDF is not a CD standard for car navigation systems. GDF is used and converted onto the CD-ROM in the internal format of the navigation system. CDF (CARiN Database Format) is a proprietary navigation map format created by
279:
1993: The
Austrian channel ORF airs a presentation of the software company bitMAP and its head Werner Liebig's invention, an electronic city map including street names and house numbers, using a satellite-based navigation system. bitMAP attends Comdex in Las Vegas the same year, but doesn't manage to
254:
Orlando
International Airport office, the other 25 were test-driven by local drivers. A computer system was installed in the trunk of the vehicle with a special antenna mounted in the back and was hooked up to the video screen in the Oldsmobile Toronado (an option in the standard Toronado) to display
137:
Research (GMR) was working on a non-satellite-based navigation and assistance system called DAIR (Driver Aid, Information & Routing). After initial tests GM found that it was not a scalable or practical way to provide navigation assistance. Decades later, however, the concept would be reborn as
121:
Automotive navigation systems represent a convergence of a number of diverse technologies, many of which have been available for many years, but were too costly or inaccessible. Limitations such as batteries, display, and processing power had to be overcome before the product became commercially
748:
the original factory-supplied GNSS unit. In some cases this can be a straightforward "plug-and-play" installation if the required wiring harness is already present in the vehicle. However, with some manufacturers, new wiring is required, making the installation more complex.
620:), or a combination. A common scheme is to have a base map permanently stored in ROM that can be augmented with detailed information for a region the user is interested in. A ROM is always programmed at the factory; the other media may be preprogrammed,
222:
1989: Gregg Howe of Design Works USA applied Hunter
Systems $ 40,000 navigational computer to the Magna Torrero Concept Car. Originally developed to locate hydrants for fire departments, this system utilized both satellite signals &
245:
partnered with the
American Automotive Association, Florida Department of Transportation, as well as the city of Orlando to create TravTek (short for Travel Technology) which was a computerized in-car navigation system. A fleet of 100
145:
1971: Compact
Cassette based navigation following pre-determined routes, instructious would be read followed by a tone that would tell a controller to continue the cassette after the distance (denoted by the tone) had been reached.
1529:
60:
device to get its position data which is then correlated to a position on a road. When directions are needed routing can be calculated. On the fly traffic information (road closures, congestion) can be used to adjust the route.
672:
In practice, Google has updated Google Maps for
Android and iOS to alert users when a faster route becomes available in 2014. This change helps integrate real-time data with information about the more distant parts of a route.
1593:
435:
Map database formats are almost uniformly proprietary, with no industry standards for satellite navigation maps, although some companies are trying to address this with SDAL (Shared Data Access
Library) and
193:
was the first commercially available car navigation system. It used inertial navigation systems, which tracked the distance traveled, the start point, and direction headed. It was also the first with a map
643:
Some navigation device makers provide free map updates for their customers. These updates are often obtained from the vendor's website, which is accessed by connecting the navigation device to a PC.
227:
improving overall system accuracy due to civilian GPS limitations. This system also boast a color raster scan monitor, rather than the monochromatic vector mapping displays used by predecessors.
1586:
309:
1995: Device called "Mobile
Assistant" or short, MASS, produced by Munich-based company ComRoad AG, won the title "Best Product in Mobile Computing" on CeBit by magazine Byte. It offered
2620:
1579:
1393:
652:
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the navigation. TravTek covered a 12,000 square mile area in
Orlando and its metro areas, as well as contained listings for restaurants, AAA-approved hotels and attractions.
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467:
in the hope that it would become an industry standard for digital navigation maps, has not been very widely adopted by the industry. Vendors who used this format include:
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1471:
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was founded. It made an early system that used map-matching to improve on dead reckoning instrumentation. Digital map information was stored on standard cassette tapes.
2102:
298:
introduced the first GPS navigation system available in a United States production car, called GuideStar. The navigation system was developed in cooperation with
306:
to make the system widely available in rental cars. This provided many in the United States general public with their first opportunity to use car navigation.
2092:
150:
365:
2007: Toyota introduced Map on Demand, a technology for distributing map updates to car navigation systems, developed as the first of its kind in the world
1103:
106:, which examines how to identify the path that best meets some criteria (shortest, cheapest, fastest, etc.) between two points in a large network.
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2011:
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The primary benefit of this approach is an integrated and factory-standard installation. Many original systems also contain a
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996:
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792:) is referred to as Gps2sms. Some vehicles and vessels are equipped with hardware that is able to automatically send an
373:
170:
1981: The earlier research of CATC led to the first generation of automobile navigation systems from
Japanese companies
157:
sponsored CATC (Comprehensive Automobile Traffic Control), a Japanese research project on automobile navigation systems.
30:
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when a GPS signal is temporarily unavailable. However, the costs can be considerably higher than other options.
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2016:
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1979: MITI established JSK (Association of Electronic Technology for Automobile Traffic and Driving) in Japan.
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as an option in their vehicles. Customers whose vehicles did not ship with GNSS can therefore purchase and
130:
designed a wireless-based navigation system. This design was still primitive and intended for military-use.
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2001:
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in a computer system, draw a map indicating the location, or see it in an automotive navigation system.
449:
428:. This enables users to find a desired destination by street address or as geographic coordinates. (See
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154:
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84:
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first European model featuring GPS navigation. The navigation system was developed in cooperation with
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359:-based navigation system and the industry's first DVD-based navigation system with a built-in
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1196:"1993 Eunos/Mazda Cosmo Classic Drive Uncosmopolitan: Meet the Rarest Mazda in America"
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or a third party add-on used to find direction in an automobile. It typically uses a
42:
2304:
2026:
1937:
1850:
1530:"How mapping software gathers and uses traffic information. The key element is you"
701:
613:
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new era of a mobile device navigation systems had begun gaining in popularity since
369:
352:
2000: The United States made a more accurate GPS signal available for civilian use.
336:
164:
103:
88:
80:
1447:"The United States' Decision to Stop Degrading Global Positioning System Accuracy"
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and reverse gear engagement signal output, thereby allowing them to navigate via
17:
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via wireless internet connection, with both GPS and speed sensor in the car.
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686:
screens on some automotive navigation systems can also be used to display
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1423:"Autoradio GPS Android pas cher, Caméra radar de recul - Player Top"
250:
were rolled out with the system with 75 available for rent through
2309:
2021:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1822:
997:"This is the evolution of in-car navigation technology (pictures)"
717:
542:
395:
380:
317:
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171:
29:
109:
Automotive navigation systems are crucial for the development of
2072:
1798:
694:
83:
can be used for greater reliability, as GNSS signal loss and/or
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2143:
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text message when a particular event happens, such as theft,
41:, on a personal navigation assistant with free map data from
625:
605:
936:
Zhao, Jianfeng; Liang, Bodong; Chen, Qiuxia (2018-01-02).
1370:"How In-Dash Navigation Worked In 1992 – Olds Was First"
416:. Street names or numbers and house numbers, as well as
163:
1980: Electronic Auto Compass with new mechanism on the
1562:
In-Car Positioning and Navigation Technologies—A Survey
265:
1991: Mitsubishi introduced GPS car navigation on the
98:
Mathematically, automotive navigation is based on the
942:
International Journal of Intelligent Unmanned Systems
669:, or by GPRS/3G data transmission via mobile phones.
657:
Some systems can receive and display information on
2514:
2468:
2404:
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2191:
2111:
2056:
2045:
1972:
1960:
1923:
1860:
1791:
1784:
1744:
1677:
1668:
1610:
653:
Integration of traffic data with navigation systems
379:2009: With a release of mobile navigation app from
1528:
1058:"Japanese inventions that changed the way we live"
272:1992: Voice assisted GPS navigation system on the
258:1991: Toyota introduced GPS car navigation on the
1605:, self-driving vehicles and enabling technologies
1344:"20 JAHRE NAVIGATION Was ist aus ihnen geworden?"
800:drift or breakdown. The receiving party (e.g., a
67:using distance data from sensors attached to the
938:"The key technology toward the self-driving car"
2103:IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society
1449:. Clinton4.nara.gov. 2000-05-01. Archived from
335:developed as a factory-installed option on the
2621:Applications of geographic information systems
1221:"GM RIDES THE SMART HIGHWAY - Chicago Tribune"
1202:. TEN: The Enthusiast Network. 31 January 2013
700:A few systems integrate (or communicate) with
459:SDAL is a proprietary map format developed by
269:(MMCS: Mitsubishi Multi Communication System).
234:became the first production car with built-in
2159:
1587:
368:2008: World's first navigation system-linked
8:
2093:VisLab Intercontinental Autonomous Challenge
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
151:Ministry of International Trade and Industry
1254:"Mitsubishi DEBONAIR Commercial 1991 Japan"
636:or network connection, or directly using a
345:-based navigation system introduced on the
2166:
2152:
2144:
2053:
1788:
1674:
1594:
1580:
1572:
1015:"Sat nav - without a satellite - in 1971?"
723:Automotive navigation systems can include
211:1987: Toyota introduced the World's first
953:
372:function and Navigation system linked to
2611:Dedicated application electronic devices
760:and may accept input from the vehicle's
1017:. BBC Archive Youtube. 21 December 2021
928:
780:in real-time and transmitting them via
1102:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1095:
1042:Cartographies of Travel and Navigation
977:Cartographies of Travel and Navigation
784:cellular telephone networks using the
324:-based navigation system in the 1996
7:
2560:
2012:Dedicated short-range communications
376:System (NAVI/AI-AVS) on Toyota Crown
1295:"BitMAP on TV (ORF) ZIB1 - YouTube"
740:Many vehicle manufacturers offer a
600:The road database may be stored in
1699:Automated emergency braking system
1118:"IVHS: Positioning and Navigation"
602:solid state read-only memory (ROM)
355:2003: Toyota introduced the first
25:
2527:Automobile auxiliary power outlet
1721:Advanced driver-assistance system
1630:Intelligent transportation system
1505:. NDS Association. Archived from
854:Guidance, navigation, and control
197:1981: Navigation computer on the
2569:
2559:
2550:
2549:
2182:Part of a series of articles on
1943:Safe speed automotive common law
1160:"1990 Magna Torrero Concept Car"
833:Electronic Route Guidance System
440:(NDS). Map data vendors such as
215:-based navigation system on the
1635:Context-aware pervasive systems
1503:"NDS Partners, NDS Association"
1060:. Edition.cnn.com. 13 June 2017
725:personal information management
677:Integration and other functions
551:Harman International Industries
27:Part of the automobile controls
2032:Radio-frequency identification
1756:Automated Lane Keeping Systems
501:Navigation Data Standard (NDS)
448:create the base map in a GDF (
331:1997: Navigation system using
1:
2601:Automotive navigation systems
2239:Electronic instrument cluster
1948:Automated lane keeping system
1689:Lane departure warning system
1330:www.geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at
1185:4x4 & Offroad - June 1989
895:Personal navigation assistant
2199:Automotive navigation system
2068:American Center for Mobility
2037:Automotive navigation system
1825:, formerly Google Car (2012)
1772:Automotive navigation system
1731:Intelligent speed adaptation
1620:History of self-driving cars
1527:Palmer, Brian (2014-02-17).
1394:"1996 Acura 3.5 RL Interior"
1122:www.wirelesscommunication.nl
557:, Preh Car Connect formerly
374:Adaptive Variable Suspension
50:automotive navigation system
34:Navigation with Gosmore, an
2325:Electronic throttle control
1726:Driver drowsiness detection
1625:Impact of self-driving cars
742:satellite navigation device
361:Electronic throttle control
2637:
2371:Automatic vehicle location
1966:Self-driving car liability
1870:Automated guideway transit
1704:Collision avoidance system
1564:, I. Skog, and P. Händel,
955:10.1108/IJIUS-08-2017-0008
823:Automatic vehicle location
736:Original factory equipment
650:
2596:Global Positioning System
2545:
2179:
2098:Eureka Prometheus Project
2078:European Land-Robot Trial
1997:Artificial neural network
1953:Regulation (EU) 2019/2144
1645:Smart, connected products
1326:"Bitmap Digital City Map"
1136:"Toyota Crown Royal 1987"
848:Global Positioning System
400:A GPS system designed by
2017:Real-time Control System
1896:Freightliner Inspiration
1761:Vehicular ad hoc network
1348:auto-motor-und-sport.de/
879:Navigation Data Standard
507:Navigation Data Standard
438:Navigation Data Standard
2204:Automotive night vision
1845:Yandex self-driving car
1747:the driving environment
1714:Adaptive cruise control
1680:the driving environment
1176:Motor Trend - June 1989
906:Traffic Message Channel
864:Map database management
430:map database management
412:The road database is a
311:turn-by-turn navigation
302:. Zexel partnered with
280:market itself properly.
2002:Computer stereo vision
1950:(unece regulation 157)
1678:Human driver monitors
1472:"Short History of NDS"
1225:www.chicagotribune.com
426:geographic coordinates
409:
45:
2386:Remote keyless system
2088:DARPA Grand Challenge
1911:Mobility as a service
1861:Buses and commercial
1274:"Mit falschen Karten"
843:GPS navigation device
786:Short Message Service
463:, which was released
450:Geographic Data Files
399:
320:introduced the first
155:Fuji Heavy Industries
100:shortest path problem
33:
1655:Ambient intelligence
1650:Ubiquitous computing
1044:, James R. Akerman,
874:Mobile data terminal
248:Oldsmobile Toronados
58:satellite navigation
2616:Japanese inventions
2129:Anthony Levandowski
1811:General Motors EN-V
1164:testdrivejunkie.com
838:GPS eXchange Format
283:1994: BMW 7 series
267:Mitsubishi Debonair
54:automobile controls
2234:Check engine light
2214:Blind spot monitor
1906:Self-driving truck
1901:Driverless tractor
1736:Blind spot monitor
1660:Internet of things
912:Hybride Navigation
859:List of auto parts
778:points of interest
659:traffic congestion
616:, magnetic media (
580:2020-08-01 at the
531:Alpine Electronics
424:), are encoded as
418:points of interest
410:
238:-navigation system
46:
2583:
2582:
2491:Glove compartment
2445:Child safety lock
2141:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2007:Image recognition
1919:
1918:
1780:
1779:
1694:Automatic parking
1603:Self-driving cars
818:Augmented reality
604:, optical media (
232:Mazda Eunos Cosmo
191:Electro Gyrocator
111:self-driving cars
87:can occur due to
18:In-car navigation
16:(Redirected from
2628:
2606:Computer systems
2573:
2563:
2562:
2553:
2552:
2450:Rear-view mirror
2381:Power door locks
2168:
2161:
2154:
2145:
2054:
1805:Spirit of Berlin
1789:
1745:System monitors
1675:
1640:Mobile computing
1596:
1589:
1582:
1573:
1567:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1532:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1483:
1477:. Archived from
1476:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1400:. Archived from
1390:
1384:
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1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1340:
1334:
1333:
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1316:
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1312:
1303:. Archived from
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1081:. Archived from
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1054:
1048:
1039:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1001:www.gpspower.net
993:
987:
981:James R. Akerman
974:
968:
967:
957:
933:
804:) can store the
333:Differential GPS
291:(Philips CARIN).
39:routing software
21:
2636:
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2630:
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2627:
2626:
2625:
2586:
2585:
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2579:
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2510:
2464:
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2400:
2354:
2293:
2249:Head-up display
2187:
2175:
2172:
2142:
2133:
2107:
2060:
2058:
2057:Organizations,
2049:
2048:Projects &
2047:
2046:Organizations,
2041:
1974:
1968:
1956:
1915:
1862:
1856:
1839:LUTZ Pathfinder
1776:
1748:
1746:
1740:
1681:
1679:
1664:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1570:
1560:
1556:
1547:
1545:
1535:Washington Post
1526:
1525:
1521:
1512:
1510:
1501:
1500:
1496:
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1474:
1470:
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1249:Wayback Machine
1242:
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1214:
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1116:
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1111:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1079:"Archived copy"
1077:
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1072:
1063:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1040:
1029:
1020:
1018:
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1008:
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990:
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930:
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774:
738:
679:
655:
649:
612:), solid state
598:
582:Wayback Machine
503:
394:
357:Hard disk drive
322:hard disk drive
304:Avis Car Rental
142:(founded 1996).
119:
52:is part of the
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2634:
2632:
2624:
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2618:
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2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2481:Center console
2478:
2472:
2470:
2469:Other elements
2466:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
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2427:
2421:
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2417:
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2411:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2350:Steering wheel
2347:
2345:Power steering
2342:
2337:
2335:Manettino dial
2332:
2327:
2322:
2320:Cruise control
2317:
2312:
2307:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2264:Radar detector
2261:
2259:Parking sensor
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2195:
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2180:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2124:Alberto Broggi
2121:
2119:Harold Goddijn
2115:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2051:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1978:
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1970:
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1964:
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1958:
1957:
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1954:
1951:
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1935:
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1927:
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1898:
1893:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1829:Tesla Model S
1826:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1795:
1793:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1750:
1749:(Levels 3,4,5)
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1709:Cruise control
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1682:(Levels 0,1,2)
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1616:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1576:
1569:
1568:
1554:
1519:
1494:
1463:
1438:
1414:
1398:Honda Newsroom
1385:
1361:
1350:. 15 July 2014
1335:
1317:
1286:
1265:
1236:
1212:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1151:
1127:
1109:
1070:
1049:
1027:
1006:
988:
969:
927:
925:
922:
921:
920:
915:
909:
903:
898:
892:
887:
882:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
845:
840:
835:
830:
828:Autonomous car
825:
820:
813:
810:
773:
770:
766:dead reckoning
737:
734:
733:
732:
721:
698:
690:broadcasts or
678:
675:
651:Main article:
648:
647:Real-time data
645:
597:
594:
563:Continental AG
502:
499:
498:
497:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
393:
390:
389:
388:
377:
366:
363:
353:
350:
347:Toyota Progres
339:
329:
314:
307:
292:
281:
277:
274:Toyota Celsior
270:
263:
256:
243:General Motors
239:
228:
225:dead reckoning
220:
209:
202:
195:
189:1981: Honda's
187:
184:dead reckoning
168:
161:
158:
149:1973: Japan's
147:
143:
135:General Motors
131:
128:Hidetsugu Yagi
118:
115:
65:Dead reckoning
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2633:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
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2609:
2607:
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2599:
2597:
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2576:
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2556:
2548:
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2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2496:Molded carpet
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2461:
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2415:
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2364:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2340:Parking brake
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2289:Trip computer
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2209:Backup camera
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2178:
2169:
2164:
2162:
2157:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2055:
2052:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1885:Navia shuttle
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1859:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1817:MadeInGermany
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1767:Connected car
1765:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1743:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1611:Overview and
1609:
1604:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1566:
1563:
1558:
1555:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1523:
1520:
1509:on 2015-02-13
1508:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1484:on 2016-03-04
1480:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1453:on 2016-12-23
1452:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1428:
1427:player-top.fr
1424:
1418:
1415:
1404:on 2018-06-16
1403:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1307:on 2020-02-27
1306:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1166:. 2012-04-04.
1165:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1110:
1105:
1099:
1085:on 2016-04-11
1084:
1080:
1074:
1071:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1002:
998:
992:
989:
986:
982:
978:
973:
970:
965:
961:
956:
951:
947:
943:
939:
932:
929:
923:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
902:
899:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
811:
809:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
776:Establishing
771:
769:
767:
763:
762:speed sensors
759:
758:accelerometer
755:
750:
747:
743:
735:
730:
726:
722:
719:
715:
712:(i.e., using
711:
710:SMS messaging
707:
703:
702:mobile phones
699:
696:
693:
689:
685:
681:
680:
676:
674:
670:
668:
664:
661:using either
660:
654:
646:
644:
641:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
595:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
537:, Navis-AMS,
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
500:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
469:
468:
466:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
407:
403:
398:
391:
386:
382:
378:
375:
371:
367:
364:
362:
358:
354:
351:
348:
344:
340:
338:
334:
330:
327:
323:
319:
315:
312:
308:
305:
301:
297:
293:
290:
286:
282:
278:
275:
271:
268:
264:
261:
260:Toyota Soarer
257:
253:
249:
244:
240:
237:
233:
229:
226:
221:
218:
214:
210:
207:
203:
200:
199:Toyota Celica
196:
192:
188:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
166:
162:
159:
156:
152:
148:
144:
141:
136:
132:
129:
125:
124:
123:
116:
114:
112:
107:
105:
101:
96:
94:
90:
89:urban canyons
86:
82:
78:
74:
73:accelerometer
70:
66:
62:
59:
55:
51:
44:
43:OpenStreetMap
40:
37:
32:
19:
2305:Bowden cable
2198:
2181:
2174:Car interior
2036:
2027:Eye tracking
1975:technologies
1938:IEEE 802.11p
1851:Honda Legend
1830:
1771:
1561:
1557:
1546:. Retrieved
1534:
1522:
1511:. Retrieved
1507:the original
1497:
1486:. Retrieved
1479:the original
1466:
1455:. Retrieved
1451:the original
1441:
1430:. Retrieved
1426:
1417:
1406:. Retrieved
1402:the original
1397:
1388:
1377:. Retrieved
1373:
1364:
1352:. Retrieved
1347:
1338:
1329:
1320:
1309:. Retrieved
1305:the original
1298:
1289:
1278:. Retrieved
1268:
1257:
1245:Ghostarchive
1243:Archived at
1239:
1228:. Retrieved
1224:
1215:
1204:. Retrieved
1199:
1190:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1154:
1143:. Retrieved
1140:favcars.com/
1139:
1130:
1121:
1112:
1087:. Retrieved
1083:the original
1073:
1062:. Retrieved
1052:
1041:
1019:. Retrieved
1009:
1000:
991:
976:
972:
945:
941:
931:
775:
751:
739:
708:talking and
671:
656:
642:
614:flash memory
599:
504:
465:royalty free
458:
434:
411:
370:brake assist
341:1998: First
337:Toyota Prius
217:Toyota Crown
182:. They used
165:Toyota Crown
120:
108:
104:graph theory
97:
81:magnetometer
63:
49:
47:
2515:Convenience
2506:Vehicle mat
2455:Rumble seat
2440:Bucket seat
2396:VIN etching
2376:Immobiliser
2269:Speedometer
2219:Boost gauge
2192:Instruments
1933:Legislation
1880:ParkShuttle
1200:Motor Trend
948:(1): 2–20.
869:Mapscape BV
754:gyrocompass
638:card reader
186:technology.
153:(MITI) and
36:open source
2590:Categories
2532:Cup holder
2476:Boot liner
2435:Bench seat
2359:Anti-theft
2330:Gear stick
2279:Telematics
2274:Tachometer
2244:Fuel gauge
2061:and events
1925:Regulation
1670:SAE Levels
1548:2019-10-08
1513:2015-02-13
1488:2012-11-05
1457:2009-10-18
1432:2016-07-18
1408:2018-06-16
1379:2015-01-19
1374:jesda.com/
1311:2018-09-12
1280:2022-04-12
1230:2021-04-28
1206:2015-01-18
1145:2015-01-19
1089:2016-04-01
1064:2022-04-12
1021:2023-12-31
924:References
756:and/or an
706:hands-free
688:television
682:The color
622:downloaded
547:Mitsubishi
515:Volkswagen
496:InfoGation
442:Tele Atlas
414:vector map
406:Opel Omega
404:in a 1995
392:Technology
296:Oldsmobile
201:(NAVICOM).
69:drivetrain
2537:Car phone
2501:Sun visor
2486:Dashboard
2460:Seat belt
2391:Smart key
2284:Tell-tale
2059:projects
1973:Enabling
1961:Liability
1833:Autopilot
1543:0190-8286
964:2049-6427
802:tow truck
714:Bluetooth
618:hard disk
559:TechniSat
555:Panasonic
487:Panasonic
472:Microsoft
422:waypoints
102:, within
85:multipath
77:gyroscope
2555:Category
2298:Controls
2254:Odometer
2229:Carputer
1890:NuTonomy
1875:CAVForth
1863:vehicles
1785:Vehicles
1276:. Bod.de
1247:and the
1098:cite web
914:(Hybrid)
812:See also
806:waypoint
746:retrofit
729:meetings
634:computer
578:Archived
527:Aisin AW
525:, ADIT,
477:Magellan
194:display.
122:viable.
79:, and a
2565:Commons
2430:Armrest
2414:Seating
1613:context
1300:YouTube
1259:YouTube
624:from a
575:Navinfo
567:Clarion
561:, PTV,
535:Navigon
523:Renault
519:Daimler
492:Clarion
482:Pioneer
454:Philips
408:vehicle
402:Philips
289:Philips
117:History
93:tunnels
2575:Portal
2425:Airbag
2409:Safety
2315:Clutch
2224:Buzzer
2112:People
2083:Navlab
2050:People
1853:(2021)
1847:(2017)
1841:(2015)
1835:(2015)
1819:(2011)
1813:(2010)
1807:(2007)
1801:(1994)
1541:
962:
918:Garmin
901:TomTom
890:Navteq
885:NavPix
798:anchor
695:movies
632:via a
590:Zenrin
586:TomTom
571:Navteq
461:Navteq
446:Navteq
316:1995:
294:1995:
241:1991:
230:1990:
213:CD-ROM
204:1983:
180:Toyota
176:Nissan
140:OnStar
133:1966:
126:1961:
2522:Audio
2366:Alarm
2310:Brake
2022:rFpro
1992:LIDAR
1987:Laser
1982:Radar
1823:Waymo
1763:(V2V)
1482:(PDF)
1475:(PDF)
1354:4 May
1046:p.279
985:p.277
908:(TMC)
897:(PNA)
881:(NDS)
850:(GPS)
718:Wi-Fi
596:Media
543:DENSO
539:Bosch
381:Sygic
318:Acura
300:Zexel
252:Avis'
172:Honda
71:, an
2184:cars
2073:DAVI
1892:taxi
1831:with
1799:VaMP
1792:Cars
1539:ISSN
1356:2017
1104:link
960:ISSN
727:for
704:for
588:and
505:The
444:and
383:for
206:Etak
178:and
75:, a
950:doi
794:SMS
790:SMS
782:GSM
772:SMS
716:or
692:DVD
684:LCD
667:RDS
663:TMC
630:DVD
628:or
610:DVD
608:or
511:BMW
432:.)
385:iOS
343:DVD
285:E38
236:GPS
91:or
48:An
2592::
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1533:.
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
