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Nepal because of the insecurity as the Terai part of Nepal was facing strikes from the period before the Nepal's new constitution was declared. Some reports also came in Nepali media that the
Madheshi protesters were sitting on Indian land and throwing stones at Nepal. The government of Nepal was also unable to convey the true message to the International communities about the problem in Nepal at a time when some Nepali scholars were asking the government to Internationalize the issue, as India had moved back from the Nepal India friendship treaty and violated the various International trade, transit and commerce laws. While in Kathmandu, the government had asked for International help to solve the fuel crisis, which was hitting daily Nepalese life very hard. Nepal government started selling firewood in Kathmandu because there were acute shortage of cooking gas (liquified petroleum gas), causing households to resort to buying electrical induction cookers. As Nepal faced big energy problems and power cuts, using induction cookers would not be a permanent alternative to cooking gas.
368:(LPG), kerosene from the state oil corporation, despite standing in line for days. The government of Nepal had imposed a rule to provide fuel to the public as well as private transportation on the basis of odd and even number plate system. Although this system was imposed, the taxi drivers and private vehicle owners faced huge problems, as they had to wait their vehicles in line for two-three days or more, but still often did not get their required fuel. A black market arose, with individuals bringing fuel from the border points with India and selling it in Kathmandu and other places for threefold prices. For instance, before the Madhesi blockade, a price of a liter of petrol in Kathmandu was 104 rupees, whereas after the blockade, the public was forced to buy petrol from the black marketeers paying 300 to 450 rupees for a liter.
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610:. Despite police actions, the protesters managed to return and continue the blockade. Protesters attacked a Nepalese police station with petrol bombs and stones. In retaliation, the police opened fire, killing one person, Ashish Kumar Ram, who was later identified as an Indian citizen, which raised concerns over involvement of Indians in the Madhesh protests. Six Nepalese police officers were injured in the attack and more than 25 protesters and civilians were injured. Since then, a curfew has been imposed in
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only one country for petroleum imports. The common
Nepalese were hopeful to get fuel from the northern neighbor. The other Nepal-China border point, Tatopani in Sindhupalchowk district, was not functional after the Nepal earthquake 2015 because of serious damages and obstructions. China had also donated 1.3 million liters of petrol to Nepal after the fuel crisis through the Kerung border point.
476:, already saw 40% cancellation post-quake, since then new advisories from Germany to US have been issued due to Madhesi related issues., many restaurants remain closed in tourist zones and transport remains at best a hack. Basic goods, mostly imported from India, remain in short supply. Some 14 Nepali pharmaceutical factories remain shut, causing widespread shortages in medicine, including for
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831:. However, the government of India and ruling party at that time held multiple meetings with Madhesi leaders and provoked them to cause blocking. India too participated passively with events like refusing to accept new constitution, orders were sent to border authorities at Indian side to not let any movements of goods across the border.
2578:, pp. 26–27: "Finally, on September 23, 2015 the United Democratic Madhesi Front (UDMF) decided to block all the major highways and customs points bordering India, thus effectively blocking all movement of goods and services to Nepal. Since India was the conduit for Nepal’s third-country trade, that too was affected.".
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almost completely ignored by all
Western and Indian media; they don't have the backing of India nor Kathmandu. Nevertheless, India perceives FLSC as a pro-Nepal force. FLSC has also accused Kathmandu of use of excessive brutal police forces just as the Madhesi parties have. KP Oli, Nepal's PM, issued a statement from
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and various other individuals dissatisfied with the Indian Prime
Minister. Some reports claimed that as soon as Modi arrived back in Delhi, he ordered an assessment of the power that the Nepali people have in Great Britain and other places overseas On 17 November, the "Non-Resident Nepali Association
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The Nepal government has accused India of unofficially backing this protest by slowing or stopping traffic from crossing the border into Nepal completely. However, India has maintained that Nepal's failure to draft an inclusive
Constitution is responsible for the unrest. It has also been pointed out
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on the
Nepalese side of the border. The SSB denied this, stating that the shooting took place in the Indian territory facing Nepal's Haripur village. The SSB also claimed that the people shot at were smuggling prohibited materials, and attacked its personnel when stopped. Nepalese government quickly
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The Nepali government spoke of airlifting fuel and essential supplies when the talk with the Indian side was not fruitful. India repeatedly stated the issue lay with the
Madheshi people, claiming they were the ones blocking the border points and disrupting supplies. The Indian trucks could not go to
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pointed out that India had sent 4,310 trucks to the border, where they had been stranded. He argued that from there onwards, it was Nepal's responsibility to ensure that the trucks entered Nepal safely. On the other hand, it is reported that the vehicles weren't allowed to enter Nepal by the Indian
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The government of Nepal failed to ease this fuel crisis and could not bring petroleum from China on time, although it signed an agreement to buy one third of Nepal's petroleum requirement from their northern neighbor. This agreement was seen as a cornerstone for Nepal to end the full dependency on
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reporter stood by his or her original report restating, "these amendments/changes were communicated by New Delhi to
Kathmandu". According to commentator Amitava Mukherjee, personnel from the Indian Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) "confirmed that at least till the third week of September, they had orders
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In 2016, during Oli's visit to China, the two countries signed a treaty on trade and transit, including a plan to build a high speed railway from
Kathmandu to the Chinese border. In June 2018, Nepal and China agreed on construction of the railway as a component of a series of cooperation projects
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reiterated his "concern over the obstruction of essential supplies on the Nepal-India border. Acute shortages in fuel supplies continue to impede planned deliveries to earthquake-affected villages in Nepal," said spokesman
Stephane Dujarric. "The Secretary-General underlines Nepal's right of free
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stated that the border obstructions were a result of "unrest, protests, and demonstrations on the Nepalese side, by sections of their population." The Government of Nepal contested India's claim, stating that there were no major security concerns that would prevent the trucks from entering Nepal.
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location and extremely basic and fragile infrastructure depends on India for almost all its import needs. In 1989, India had closed 19 of the 21 border crossings, after a dispute over renegotiation of lapsed trade and transit treaties between the two countries. Nepal's increasing cooperation with
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The hashtag was used by Nepalese around the world to accuse India of interfering in the country's internal matters. During September–December 2015, more than 6,750 tweets have been created in Twitter with this hashtag. When news of the blockage of shipments reached the government, Kathmandu sent
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India and Nepal seemed to have worked out their differences with passage of a constitutional amendment by Nepal, but Madhesi leaders remained defiant, along with other movements of separatists/autonomists. Nevertheless, Madhesis were the only movement with state support from India, but prominent
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for the entire time the Madhesis have been active doing the same; their demands overlap Madhesh demands and territories of states, both demands cannot be reconciled geographically. Madhesi parties have refrained from direct confrontation with FLSC. FLSC and the Mongoloid voice of the nation been
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has followed with a warning echoing US embassy statements about the looming humanitarian disaster, citing 3 million children at risk of disease and death in Nepal alone. On a separate note, while governments focus on immediate needs and politics, misanthropes take advantage of the situation, in
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The Nepal oil corporation is the only state-owned company that imports and distributes petroleum in Nepal. It does not have enough facilities to store petroleum for even a few weeks use. The fuel shortage caused the public to be angry due to not getting products like petrol, diesel, cooking gas
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and chemical fertilizer shortage, improper seeds from post-quake international donations not suited to climate account for some 10% of the expected crop (half of the crop failure), however due to the fuel crisis the figure is expected to worsen sharply as machinery and fertilizer are affected,
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On 29 March 2016, panic buying caused by worries about another fuel blockade hit Kathmandu, where long lines of motorists formed. The prime minister had just returned from a visit to China with a number of agreements signed that will reduce long term dependence on India. Nepal Oil Corporation
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additional armed-police forces to the border. Many leaders of various parties claimed India had infiltrated the Madhesh with Indian protesters, and Madheshi leaders refuted the infiltration allegations, stating that the Madheshis should not be mistaken for Biharis or other Indians.
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signed an agreement to import fuel from China, the first fuel agreement ever between the two nations. China also pledged to donate 1,300,000 L (290,000 imp gal; 340,000 US gal) of fuel to Nepal. Nepal is planning to import a third of its fuel from China.
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that do not respect borders, some 90 percent of raw and packaging materials usually enter from Birgunj customs point (India). People have resorted to illegal imports of medicines from India, putting patients at risk. The most acute shortages of medicines in Kathmandu are for
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at the northwest frontier of Nepal within India's territory. Kalapani had been included in Nepalese territory ever since the Sugauli Sandhi with British India Company and for almost a century prior to that. Once again, conspiracy theories give rise to disaffection.
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USA" protested against what they refer to as the Indian Government's so-called "economic blockade of Nepal" in front of United Nations Headquarters in New York. Also on 30 November, another branch of the same "non-resident Nepali" group protested in front of
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Nearly all sectors of the economy have taken a severe hit, from tourism to transport to domestic factories to agriculture. The once vigorous construction industry had already come to a standstill before the blockade due to quake fears, new enforcement of
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The blockade has caused the only international airport to deny foreign carriers fuel, contributing to isolating the landlocked nation from the outside world at a time when the country is still reeling from ongoing landslides blocking border trade with
2731:, School of Oriental and African Studies, 14 December 2015. "Received wisdom on the start of Indian occupation stems from the views of Bhuddi Narayan Shrestha, which have been endlessly repeated in just about every article written on the subject."
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them. 66 members of Nepal's 598-strong Constituent Assembly, belonging to these groups, abstained from voting in protest. By 20 September, more than 40 people had been killed in clashes between the protesters and the police. There were also
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approved by the two sides. A mutual agreement over the pre-feasibility study was reached in August 2018. The railway has been viewed as a way to reduce Nepal's dependence on India, which was made apparent during the 2015 Nepal blockade.
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manpower is limited due to mass overseas migration of young males, disproportionately leaving elderly and children behind to tend to farms. To provide heat, people have been increasing turning to electric heaters, causing increasing
344:. Meanwhile, none of the $ 4 billion of internationally donated quake relief funds to the Nepali government have been dispersed to survivors even after many months, causing anger among Nepalis and international agencies alike.
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652:), represents the most ancient of the indigenous groups of Nepal, who have historically had a large degree of autonomy in the Far East Terai. FLSC have been striking and enforcing vehicular bans on a separate region of the
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side thus resulting in long queues of Nepalese trucks stranded for days Inside the Indian border. The Indian Oil Corporation reportedly refused to fill the Nepalese trucks following instructions from higher authorities.
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enter from India on a normal day, but this dwindled to a sporadic passage of 5–10 fuel trucks daily during the crisis, though shipments of perishables like fruits and vegetables had generally been allowed to pass.
2988:[China-Nepal cross-border railway pre-feasibility study review meeting and China-Nepal railway technical exchange held in Xi'an] (in Chinese). National Railway Administration of China. 24 August 2018
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for not allowing the majority of trucks to enter Nepal. The unofficial "Indian Blockade" forced Nepalese to ride bicycles or resort to carpooling, and many also turned to electric vehicles, with demand for
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by India that the “blockade” is taking place on Nepal's side of the border, where protestors have attacked Indian drivers who were trying to transport food and facilitate trade between the two neighbors.
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In spite of an apparent agreement hashed out between India and Nepal, Madhesis stated their demands were still not met. Madhesi protesters have stepped up attacks against Nepali media outlets, with a
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Nepal's spokesperson Laxmi Prasad Dhakal argued that the Madheshi protests had been happening since past few months, and Indian trucks had been entering Nepal until 23 September without any problems.
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as his personal envoy to discuss the concerns. The government of Nepal and the Nepalese media portrayed Madhesi movements as subversively backed by Indian infiltrators, and as an assault on their
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The Government of India denied imposing a blockade, stating that the truck drivers coming from India were not entering Nepal due to safety concerns resulting from the violent protests. India's
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More than 3 million children under the age of 5 in Nepal are at risk of death or disease during the harsh winter months due to a severe shortage of fuel, food, medicines and vaccines.
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and taxis, for a few days at the beginning so as to distribute the fuel to government and prioritized sector use. As a result, some 2,000 factories were shut down by 1 October. The
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Delegation to South Asia, stated the unofficial 'blockade' at the Nepalese border only serves to hurt the Nepalese people who are still recovering from the devastating earthquakes
661:(where FLSC is most active) in December 2015, "The government will not spare those who take the law in their hands ... and air secessionist views, a veiled threat to FLSC actions.
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shouted anti-India slogans to protest the fuel shortage. Nepal Cable Television Association blocked 42 Indian channels in protest against unofficial blockade into the country.
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By all accounts, Jaishankar was uncouth, brash and imperial in his behaviour towards Nepal's politicians. It left no doubt in anybody's mind that the orders had come from the
916:– On 5 November, the US expressed deep concern over the critical shortages of essential supplies in Nepal resulting from a volatile situation along the Nepal-India border.
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campaign against alleged "intervention" by India in Nepal's internal affairs, accusing it of having caused the 2015 Nepal blockade of Nepal. The blockade was caused by
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at 10 Downing Street, London during his visit on 12 November 2015. The demonstrators included ex-military families (the so-called "Gurkha Regiment" and "non-Gurkhas"),
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reported normal fuel shipments but, even one and a half months after the embargo was lifted, domestic diesel and cooking gas deliveries have not returned to normal.
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141:. The blockade choked imports of not only petroleum, but also medicines and earthquake relief material. By March 2016, fuel shipments were mostly back to normal.
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youths at the border. According to Nepali officials, the youths were trying to bring food and fertilizer into Nepal, and the shooting took place at Bhantabari,
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party opined, "The new generation of Nepalese can go without fuel for months but we are not ready to bend before India." Similarly, Nepalese political analyst
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868:– On 18 October, Tofail Ahmed, Minister of Commerce, Bangladesh, urged an end to the blockade and commented that such blockades hit at agreements like the
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Nepalese political analyst Amit Dhakal stated, "Even a child can make out that it is a deliberate blockade." Kishor Bikram Malla, a student leader of the
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wanting to install radio stations along the border. In Nepal there is the view that the Madhesi protestors are being used as a proxy for Indian actions.
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descent, also Madhesis, have clashed with the Madhesi parties seeking their own separate state different from Madhesi parties in the Western Terai zone.
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There is no gas, no vegetable supplies, no fuel for vehicles, no fuel for airlines, and life is about frozen. We don't want this type of friendship.
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India had expressed concerns over the violent protests, and had asked Nepal to take Madhesi interests into consideration. The Indian prime minister
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newspaper reported that India had demanded specific changes to the new Nepali constitution. While the Indian government denied this claim, the
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between Kathmandu and New Delhi, a major humanitarian crisis has erupted at a time when international agencies are stretched very thin due to
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transit, as a landlocked nation as well as for humanitarian reasons, and calls on all sides to lift the obstructions without further delay."
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who were blocking vehicles from entering Nepal. Around 5,000 protesters were involved. Nepalese police shot and killed three protesters at
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629:. Another protester was killed on 22 November in Rajbiraj. Afterwards, a curfew was imposed on all three towns. To complicate matters,
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triggered by Indian concern about changes to the Nepali constitution, violent ethnic conflict, and Nepal's increasing cooperation with
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India officially may not call it a blockade. But it smells like a blockade, it feels like a blockade and sounds like a blockade.
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493:. In more remote areas zero supplies of medicines have come within 2 months, resulting in complete lack of medicines including
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On 21 November, Nepalese police clashed with protesters led by Samyukta Loktantrik Madhesi Morcha (SLMM) in the district of
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We failed to create pressure on the government by blocking border points, we only caused suffering to ordinary people.
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between Nepal and India, citizens of both countries can move freely, work, and live across borders without passports.
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media van torched on 28 December. India has also been stepping up its control of information in late December, with
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no longer about the Madhes and the constitution, but rather that India also seems to be opposed to KP Oli replacing
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as prime minister, and has a whole host of demands on security and other issues that we haven’t even heard about.
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472:, and monsoon issues, most reconstruction work has been put off until after the monsoon. Tourism, a mainstay of
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and that violence from across the border could spill over to Bihar. There were also speculations that India's
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2966:"How a China-Nepal railway could fast-track change in the Himalayan nation and redraw relations with India"
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on electricity transmission and supply, with some 530 transformers having already exploded as of December.
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415:, who dominate the Nepali politics, were promoting a false propaganda against India. An editorial in the
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1955:"Nepal: Serious shortage of essential supplies threatens millions of children this winter – UNICEF"
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The hashtag was used again in 2019 when the Nepalese discovered that India included the 35 km
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responded with 1 million rupees in compensation to 4 victims' families dispensed within 2 days.
287:, including its purchase of Chinese weaponry, was seen as a major factor behind this blockade.
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2559:"Outrage over India's 'intervention' in Nepal's affairs; #BackOffIndia trends on social media"
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2239:"Those airing secessionist remarks won't be spared, says PM KP Sharma Oli (Watch Full Video)"
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production was already forecast to shrink by 18-20 percent due to several factors. The poor
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the blockade had been done by the Madheshi people and that India had nothing to do with it.
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434:(In reference to 1950 Indo-Nepal friendship treaty) —Khadga Prasad Oli UML Chair &
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The Nepali government decided to stop providing fuel to private automobiles, including
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region, curtailing Terai business but otherwise not affecting the rest of the country.
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1324:"The Kathmandu Post :: Govt not to distribute fuel to pvt vehicles from Thursday"
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1919:"Nepal, once known for farming, now exports people; migrants earn big but face risks"
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783:
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473:
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1863:"Prensa Latina News Agency – Medicine Shortage Increases in Nepal by South Blockade"
2590:"A Yam between Two Boulders: Nepal's Foreign Policy Caught between India and China"
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2260:"4 Nepalis hit by bullets as Indian SSB opens fire in Sunsari village near border"
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to act tough. Otherwise, Jaishankar is too sophisticated to resort to such things.
264:. Madheshis share strong socio-cultural ties to the neighbouring Indian states of
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criticized the Nepali media reports blaming the blockade on India. Its President
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such as high blood pressure, diabetes, anesthesia, injectable antibiotics, and
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Indian man killed by police during violent clash in Birgunj,Nepal (Live Video)
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118:. India denied the allegations, stating the supply shortages were imposed by
2316:"Nepal's steps to resolve Madhesi crisis: India's 'positive' response helps"
1342:"The Kathmandu Post :: 2,000 factories remain shut due to Tarai unrest"
755:
748:
3009:"To decrease its dependence on India, Nepal eagerly awaits China rail plan"
2635:
2406:"Nepal: Madhesi community rejects constitutional amendment as 'incomplete'"
1287:"The Kathmandu Post :: Govt weighing options to airlift aviation fuel"
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Nepalese residing in the UK demonstrated against the Indian Prime Minister
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As issue of post-quake vulnerability became lost in the increasingly vocal
149:
35:
2523:"Nepal PM KP Sharma Oli's Party Trashes Reports Of His Anti-India Remarks"
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2544:
2508:
2470:
1306:"Nepal Hasn't Spent Any of The $ 4 Billion in Donations Since Earthquake"
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717:
Madhesi leader, Mahato, has backed down as of 4 February 2016.
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626:
622:
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279:
119:
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2666:"Don't mistake Madhesi people for Bihari or Indian, says Mahanta Thakur"
1619:"The Indian blockade is no longer about the Madhes and the constitution"
1269:"Nepal's Economy Is Gasping as India, a Huge Neighbor, Squeezes It Hard"
3027:"Nepal pushes to end dependency on India with China rail, tunnel deals"
2826:
1138:"Nepal: Terai Agitation and the Constitution Making Process – Analysis"
816:
813:
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On 2 November, Nepalese police moved in to clear out the protesters in
257:
129:, Nepal imports most of its petroleum supplies from India. Roughly 300
91:, which began on 23 September 2015 and lasted about six months, was an
2054:"PMO asks High Commission for report on Nepalese protesters in London"
1703:"China says will support Nepal 'sovereignty' after landmark fuel deal"
569:; some 400 girls who have entered India from Nepal have gone missing.
2788:"European Union calls on India to ensure essential supplies to Nepal"
2592:, in Sebastian von Einsiedel; David M. Malone; Suman Pradhan (eds.),
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498:
182:— had been protesting against the new constitution, alleging that it
2928:"Nepal gets access to China ports, analysts say it's a 'huge deal'"
153:
Topographic map of Nepal, showing mountain, hill and plains regions
137:
Moreover, India had also been stopping some Nepalese trucks at the
1521:"Nepal govt mulls airlifting fuel to ease crisis – Times of India"
1238:"Opinion-Commentary: Nepalese thorn will only get worse for India"
853:
2015–2016 Nepal humanitarian crisis § International reactions
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citizens moving along the border had long been an issue straining
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was using its support to the Madhesi cause to win votes in Bihar.
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3058:
Nepal Blockade: A Humanitarian Crisis amidst Diplomatic Kerfuffle
2618:"BackOffIndia! Nepal protesters slam 'interference' over statute"
2221:"Limbuwan withdraws general strike in east – The Himalayan Times"
827:
protestors in Nepal who were dissatisfied with the newly adopted
83:
Shortages of bottled gas caused a fuel crisis during the blockade
2254:
2252:
1656:"Nepal turns to UN over 'obstruction' of trade point with India"
999:
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545:
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was passed in Nepal's Constituent Assembly. Two ethnic groups —
1539:"Govt calls for help to ease fuel crisis – The Himalayan Times"
2541:"Nepal constitution: Mind your own business, media tell India"
2280:"Three smugglers, three SSB personnel injured in border clash"
2168:"Tharuhat, intact far-west cadres clash – The Himalayan Times"
294:
29:
2909:"UN chief calls for lifting of blockade on Indo-Nepal border"
2887:"UN chief calls for lifting of blockade on Indo-Nepal border"
2298:"Govt releases Rs 1 m to kin of each Tarai protest dead"
2102:"Police in south Nepal fire at protesters; Indian man killed"
1744:"Unrest Challenges Nepal's Post-Earthquake Tourism Recovery"
1384:"Nepalis Adapt to Fuel Shortage by Carpooling, Riding Bikes"
1181:"Make seven changes to your Constitution: India tells Nepal"
391:
officially denied Nepal's accusations. India's spokesperson
2711:, School of Oriental and African Studies, 14 December 2015.
2485:"Nepal Rations Fuel as Political Crisis With India Worsens"
2684:"India's updated political map stirs controversy in Nepal"
1900:"Paddy output to fall sharply; may hurt econ, farm income"
1724:"Nepal Signs Fuel Deal With China Amid Supply Disruptions"
1438:"Nepal inks fuel agreement with China to ease fuel crisis"
1366:"Nepal accuses India of 'trade blockade' amid fuel crisis"
782:
CPN (UML) has however denied any statement by the then PM
3045:
Nepal's Divisive New Constitution: An Existential Crisis
1882:"India's 'blockade' snuffs out Nepal's medical lifeline"
1503:"Fuel-strapped Nepal Sends Team to China to Ease Supply"
711:—Rajendra Mahato, senior leader of Unified Madhesi Front
2743:"Bangladesh Minister pitches for end to Nepal blockade"
2594:
Nepal in Transition: From People's War to Fragile Peace
1638:"Nepali leader says India 'breaking international law'"
311:
222:
On 24 September, the day that the fuel blockade began,
2872:
Indian government block border between Nepal and India
1809:"Shortage of drugs hits patients in several districts"
1579:"Wrong to blame India for blockade on the border: NPS"
1463:"Nepal signs agreement with China to ease fuel crisis"
2072:"Memorandum submitted to UN against India's blockade"
1077:"Unveiling Nepal's constitution amid deadly protests"
2588:
Chaturvedy, Rajeev Ranjan; Malone, David M. (2012),
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2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2017:"UNICEF warns over new humanitarian crisis in Nepal"
1359:
1357:
1355:
1160:"Why India is concerned about Nepal's constitution"
1113:
1111:
1096:"Nepal's New Constitution: 65 Years in the Making"
995:"Nepal PM Wants India to Lift Undeclared Blockade"
233:from above to intercept fuel shipments to Nepal".
2505:"Nepal blocks Indian TV channels over 'blockade'"
2467:"Nepal blockade: Doctors warn of medicine crisis"
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2352:"SSB wants radio towers along India-Nepal border"
1999:"Nepal lobbies for UN General Assembly president"
1304:Omar Havana via Getty Images (3 September 2015).
1055:"Nepal passes secular constitution amid protests"
2449:"I will never forgive what India has done to me"
1774:"The Kathmandu Post :: Come back, tourists"
1696:
1694:
1420:"Black marketeers filling fuel demand in Valley"
1015:"IOC refuses to provide fuel despite assurances"
2207:"Nepalnews.com – News from Nepal as it happens"
772:
729:
706:
581:Protest in USA against Indian Blockade to Nepal
528:
429:
161:Provinces of Nepal as per the 2015 constitution
2722:The Indian checkposts, Lipu Lekh, and Kalapani
2702:The Indian checkposts, Lipu Lekh, and Kalapani
2189:"Limbuwan committee enforces vehicular strike"
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
644:(FLSC), representing different ethnic groups (
27:2015 economic and humanitarian crisis in Nepal
2424:"Embargo fears set off gasoline panic buying"
2183:
2181:
1675:"China deal ends an Indian monopoly in Nepal"
1255:ICG, Nepal's Divisive New Constitution (2016)
1200:"India's spectacular policy failure in Nepal"
1070:
1068:
534:—UNICEF media press release, 30 November 2015
236:Indian concerns were also exacerbated by the
8:
1803:
1801:
1219:"Nepal's Constitution and Lessons for India"
1175:
1173:
1153:
1151:
2596:, Cambridge University Press, p. 287,
1985:"UNICEF: 3 million Nepali children at risk"
1485:"China to provide Nepal oil to ease crisis"
1120:"A Nepalese Student Explains #BackOffIndia"
1049:
1047:
738:, Nepalese journalist and political analyst
1597:"Nepal burning – The real problem at hand"
364:surging in response to the fuel shortage.
1788:"Dearth of medicine hits health services"
2741:Kallol Bhattacherjee (19 October 2015).
1827:"Dearth of essential drugs hits Sarlahi"
60:of all important aspects of the article.
3064:. South Asians for Human Rights. 2016.
2875:. 11 November 2015 – via YouTube.
2809:U.S. Embassy Nepal (5 November 2015).
2100:Gurubacharya, Binaj (2 November 2015).
986:
170:On 20 September 2015, the long-stalled
2947:"Railway project to link Tibet, Nepal"
2926:Adhikari, Deepak (19 September 2018).
2646:from the original on 25 September 2015
2126:. 3 November 2015 – via YouTube.
1722:Mandhana, Niharika (29 October 2015).
1236:Mukherjee, Amitava (20 October 2015).
1158:Majumder, Sanjoy (22 September 2015).
747:On 23 September 2015 demonstrators in
56:Please consider expanding the lead to
3007:Sangraula, Bikash (11 October 2019).
2763:. European Parliament. Archived from
2616:Parashar, Utpal (23 September 2015).
2146:Khadga, Jitendra (23 November 2015).
524:Nepal humanitarian crisis (2015–2017)
7:
1701:Krishnan, Ananth (29 October 2015).
1198:Bhushan, Bharat (13 February 2017).
1075:Gyanu Adhikari (20 September 2015).
1034:"R.I.P., India's Influence in Nepal"
930:– On 11 November, Secretary-General
802:Protest against Indian maps showing
602:Police action against the protesters
560:, and their spawned refugee crises.
18:India's blockade of Nepal, 2015
1390:. Associated Press. 3 October 2015.
1267:Barbara Crossette (11 April 1989).
1118:Satish Gurung (30 September 2015).
800:Protest against blockade in Nepal,
419:has claimed the Indian blockade is
399:On 6 October, the Madheshi-centric
166:Concerns about Nepal's constitution
3051:, International Crisis Group, 2016
1961:. 30 November 2015. Archived from
1094:Phuyal, Hari (18 September 2015).
573:Overseas protests against blockade
25:
2964:Pandey, Lekhanath (8 July 2018).
2811:"Statement from the U.S. Embassy"
2565:. dna webdesk. 22 September 2015.
2035:"Over 400 girls missing in India"
1880:Khalid, Saif (21 November 2015).
1750:. 17 October 2015. Archived from
1673:Sharma, Kiran (31 October 2015).
1402:"Electric two-wheelers: In limbo"
1364:Sugam Pokharel (3 October 2015).
552:as well as exploding conflict in
362:electric motorcycles and scooters
1937:"NEA's 530 transformers explode"
1563:. 1 October 2015. Archived from
960:
920:
906:
876:
858:
298:
34:
3104:2015 in international relations
2388:"Front regrets failed blockade"
1032:Arora, Vishal (November 2015).
48:may be too short to adequately
2148:"At least 3 killed in Saptari"
1557:"Sushma denies Nepal blockade"
770:on his conduct towards Nepal:
673:(SSB) border police shot four
642:Federal Limbuwan State Council
387:On 1 October, Indian minister
58:provide an accessible overview
1:
2985:中尼跨境铁路预可行性研究评审会及中尼铁路技术交流在西安举行
1917:Anup Kaphle (24 March 2014).
1217:Mukesh Rawat (October 2015).
411:The Indians alleged that the
211:on 25 August, and later sent
381:Ministry of External Affairs
165:
89:2015 India Blockade of Nepal
3029:. Reuters. 13 October 2019.
2945:Hu, Yongqi (22 June 2018).
2576:SAHR, Nepal Blockade (2016)
1987:. Reuters. 1 December 2015.
665:Indian border police action
238:upcoming elections in Bihar
3150:
3119:Political history of Nepal
942:
850:
521:
340:following the devastating
191:(strikes) declared in the
110:of imposing an undeclared
3114:Economic history of Nepal
122:protesters within Nepal.
3099:2015 in economic history
2984:
2970:South China Morning Post
2374:Nepali Times (Editorial)
436:Prime minister-designate
2727:3 December 2020 at the
2707:3 December 2020 at the
2563:Daily News And Analysis
1729:The Wall Street Journal
847:International reactions
764:Prime Minister of India
686:Attacks on Nepali media
669:On 25 November, Indian
99:that severely affected
2334:"Kantipur van torched"
806:
780:
740:
713:
582:
550:agricultural disasters
537:
443:Nepal has lobbied the
440:
401:Nepal Sadbhawana Party
357:Indian Oil Corporation
242:Bharatiya Janata Party
162:
154:
84:
3134:China–Nepal relations
3129:India–Nepal relations
1406:The Annapurna Express
976:Anti-Indian sentiment
829:Constitution of Nepal
799:
648:) than the Madhesis (
580:
452:Nepal Oil Corporation
353:Nepal Oil Corporation
342:2015 Nepal earthquake
262:Nepal-India relations
172:Constitution of Nepal
160:
152:
82:
2897:on 17 November 2015.
2511:. 29 September 2015.
2493:. 28 September 2015.
2227:. 24 September 2015.
1187:. 24 September 2015.
1144:. 12 September 2015.
1061:. 20 September 2015.
598:in Washington, D.C.
447:on the obstruction.
2798:on 27 October 2015.
2473:. 18 November 2015.
2358:. 25 December 2015.
2322:. 22 December 2015.
2286:. 25 November 2015.
2268:. 25 November 2015.
2265:The Himalayan Times
2243:Online Canada Nepal
2225:The Himalayan Times
2172:The Himalayan Times
2107:The Washington Post
1943:. 28 December 2015.
1941:The Himalayan Times
1923:The Washington Post
1687:on 1 November 2015.
1680:Nikkei Asian Review
1543:The Himalayan Times
1473:on 5 December 2015.
945:China–Nepal railway
896:European Parliament
696:Sashastra Seema Bal
671:Sashastra Seema Bal
518:Humanitarian crisis
507:South Asian monsoon
487:Intensive Care Unit
478:infectious diseases
463:Cascading shortages
450:On 28 October, the
331:Effects of blockade
97:humanitarian crisis
2913:The Times of India
2845:namnewsnetwork.org
2841:"NAM NEWS NETWORK"
2767:on 29 October 2015
2670:The Kathmandu Post
2490:The New York Times
2428:The Kathmandu Post
2412:. 24 January 2016.
2410:The Indian Express
2394:. 4 February 2016.
2338:The Kathmandu Post
2320:The Indian Express
2195:. 24 January 2016.
2193:The Kathmandu Post
2153:The Kathmandu Post
2077:The Kathmandu Post
2058:The Indian Express
2039:The Kathmandu Post
2023:. 8 November 2015.
1965:on 20 January 2016
1904:The Kathmandu Post
1849:The Kathmandu Post
1845:"Inhuman blockade"
1831:The Kathmandu Post
1813:The Kathmandu Post
1792:The Kathmandu Post
1754:on 18 October 2015
1660:The Indian Express
1607:on 9 October 2015.
1583:The Times of India
1567:on 5 October 2015.
1545:. 27 October 2015.
1525:The Times of India
1491:. 24 October 2015.
1424:The Kathmandu Post
1408:. 7 February 2018.
1388:The New York Times
1346:The Kathmandu Post
1328:The Kathmandu Post
1291:The Kathmandu Post
1273:The New York Times
1185:The Indian Express
1019:The Kathmandu Post
840:Kalapani territory
807:
804:Kalapani territory
583:
310:. You can help by
278:Nepal, due to its
163:
155:
106:Nepal has accused
85:
3071:978-955-1489-18-2
2792:Review Nepal News
2603:978-1-107-00567-9
2284:Business Standard
2174:. 18 August 2015.
2005:. 30 August 2010.
1662:. 3 October 2015.
1625:. 9 October 2015.
1585:. 6 October 2015.
1242:Business Standard
1021:. 4 October 2015.
900:earlier this year
894:and Chair of the
886:– On 24 October,
725:Nepalese opinions
567:Human trafficking
491:hyperbaric oxygen
328:
327:
127:landlocked nation
103:and its economy.
75:
74:
16:(Redirected from
3141:
3109:2015 in politics
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2052:Roy, Shubhajit.
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760:Kanak Mani Dixit
736:Kanak Mani Dixit
679:Sunsari District
349:public transport
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3013:The Japan Times
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2851:on 18 June 2018
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2729:Wayback Machine
2719:
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2709:Wayback Machine
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2649:
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2636:"#BackOffIndia"
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2622:Hindustan Times
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762:contended that
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596:India's embassy
591:Sikh extremists
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542:information war
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405:Rajendra Mahato
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248:Ties and border
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199:Indian concerns
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139:Kolkata harbour
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43:This article's
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2786:Review Nepal.
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230:Indian Express
225:Indian Express
209:Sushil Koirala
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176:Madhesi people
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52:the key points
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3094:2015 in India
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3089:2015 in Nepal
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1969:22 January
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1081:Al Jazeera
1059:Al Jazeera
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851:See also:
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1124:The Quint
939:Aftermath
756:CPN (UML)
749:Kathmandu
319:July 2023
280:Himalayan
50:summarize
2891:MSN News
2725:Archived
2705:Archived
2644:Archived
2545:BBC News
2527:NDTV.com
2509:BBC News
2471:BBC News
2003:Zee News
1507:NDTV.com
1370:CNN News
1310:HuffPost
1164:BBC News
954:See also
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627:Rajbiraj
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548:related
495:vaccines
480:such as
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