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A number of laws were passed by Labour governments to allocate national and local funding to the costs of starting worker cooperatives. This included the setup of the national Co-operative
Development Agency in 1978 and the Inner Urban Areas Act 1978. In subsequent years common ownership was promoted
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Industrial Common
Ownership Finance (ICOF) was set up in 1973 as a financial arm of ICOM, to allow a revolving loan fund for worker co-operatives. This was needed because worker co-operatives commonly had trouble raising capital since their democratic model excluded the possibility of investment by
54:. The emphasis on common ownership that inhibits the transfer of capital and assets to private interests is what differentiates the UK cooperative model from its continental European counterpart. ICOM had a monopoly on registering UK co-ops under the common ownership model until the late 1980s.
23:, set up in 1971. It worked to increase the number of worker co-ops in the country. ICOM's model rules for cooperatives, published in 1976, were based on a de-centralised and collectivist concept of democracy. In 2001 ICOM merged with the Co-operative Union to become
58:
as a model to create employment, and approximately 100 local authorities in the UK established co-operative development agencies for this purpose. Funding was also allocated to co-ops through the job creation schemes of
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outside shareholders. In 1976 ICOF received £250 000 through the
Industrial Common Ownership Act. The current trading name of ICOF is "Co-operative & Community Finance".
376:
222:"Ridley-Duff, Rory, Cooperative Social Enterprises: Company Rules, Access to Finance and Management Practice, Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2009, p 2"
190:"Ridley-Duff, Rory, Cooperative Social Enterprises: Company Rules, Access to Finance and Management Practice, Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2009 p 2"
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The
Industrial Common Ownership Act that recognised common ownership companies in law was passed by the
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ICOM is one of the founder organisations of CECOP, the
European regional organisation of
320:"What are 'the commons' in the 21st century? Interview with Pat Conaty by Michael Lewis"
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255:"The role of local co-operative development agencies in promoting worker co-operatives"
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89:"What are 'the commons' in the 21st century? Interview with Pat Conaty"
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165:"Scott Bader : a viable form of workplace democracy"
19:(ICOM) was a UK national umbrella organisation for
50:in 1976. The first certificate was awarded to
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346:"Industrial Common Ownership Finance (ICOF)"
259:Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics
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285:from the original on 17 November 2023
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202:from the original on 28 January 2021
144:from the original on 27 January 2021
17:Industrial Common Ownership Movement
377:Co-operatives in the United Kingdom
66:Industrial Common Ownership Finance
42:The Industrial Common Ownership Act
271:10.1111/j.1467-8292.1984.tb01777.x
36:International Cooperative Alliance
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326:from the original on 3 March 2021
99:from the original on 3 March 2021
306:The New Workers' Co-operatives
120:The New Workers' Co-operatives
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350:National Co-operative Archive
308:, Focus, Marxism Today, 1985
122:, Focus, Marxism Today, 1985
60:Manpower Services Commission
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359:– via Archives Hub.
253:Cornforth, Chris (1984).
382:Cooperative federations
163:Jones, Michael (1994).
322:. 24 February 2019.
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52:Scott Bader Company
21:worker cooperatives
48:British Parliament
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324:Archived
283:Archived
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197:Archived
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355:2 March
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134:"CECOP"
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138:Cecop
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