31:
540:
180:
400:
461:
480:
In an industrial society, industry employs a major part of the population. This occurs typically in the manufacturing sector. A labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages, hours, and other working conditions. The trade union,
325:
Measurements of manufacturing industries outputs and economic effect are not historically stable. Traditionally, success has been measured in the number of jobs created. The reduced number of employees in the manufacturing sector has been assumed to result from a decline in the competitiveness of the
1294:
As the
Industrial Revolution proceeded, the main focus of economic attention shifted to the new industries created by Britain's technological prominence. These industries looked not for protection but for an opening of export markets. As the political economy shifted, the West Indian interest became
269:
237:
With the
Industrial Revolution, the manufacturing sector became a major part of European and North American economies, both in terms of labor and production, contributing possibly a third of all economic activity. Along with rapid advances in technology, such as
702:, who gave the most developed definition to the concept of “industrial society” in the 1950s, used the term as a comparative method to identify common features of the Western capitalist and Soviet-style communist societies. Other sociologists, including
283:
Historically certain manufacturing industries have gone into a decline due to various economic factors, including the development of replacement technology or the loss of competitive advantage. An example of the former is the decline in
639:, also contributed to the impression that they might be evolving beyond capitalism, or toward some sort of “convergence” common to all “types” of industrial societies, whether capitalist or communist. State management,
317:
of knowledge and information-based services. For these and other reasons, in a post-industrial society, manufacturers can and often do relocate their industrial operations to lower-cost regions in a process known as
658:
The “industrial society” paradigm of the 1950s and 1960s was strongly marked by the unprecedented economic growth in Europe and the United States after World War II, and drew heavily on the work of economists like
337:
of the product being manufactured. While it is possible to produce a low-technology product with low-skill labour, the ability to manufacture high-technology products well is dependent on a highly skilled staff.
147:
can provide labor to workers and those that benefit financially from them, in exchange for a piece of production profits with which they can buy goods. This leads to the rise of very large cities and surrounding
726:, used similar ideas in their own work, though with sometimes very different definitions and emphases. The principal notions of industrial-society theory were also commonly expressed in the ideas of
171:, associated transportation and storage costs, and are otherwise unsustainable. This makes the reliable availability of the needed energy resources high priority in industrial government policies.
1136:
The empirical findings cast doubt on views that guilds existed because they were efficient institutional solutions to market failures relating to product quality, training, and innovation.
352:
Today, as industry is an important part of most societies and nations, many governments will have at least some role in planning and regulating industry. This can include issues such as
1149:
222:
has suggested the guilds further restrained the quality and productivity of manufacturing. There is some evidence, however, that even in ancient times, large economies such as the
203:
throughout the world in the 20th century, most economies were largely agrarian. Basics were often made within the household and most other manufacturing was carried out in smaller
1316:
Some argue that slavery died out due to the rise of industrial production modes, involving a larger number of work tasks, thus making slavery more costly in terms of supervision.
635:
required updating. The transformation of capitalist societies in Europe and the United States to state-managed, regulated welfare capitalism, often with significant sectors of
1444:
Scot-Smith, Giles (2002). "The
Congress for Cultural Freedom, the End of Ideology and the 1955 Milan Conference: 'Defining the Parameters of Discourse'".
1031:
116:, are used to decrease required human labor while increasing production. No longer needed for the production of food, excess labor is moved into these
1507:
381:
108:, to increase the rate and scale of production. The production of food is shifted to large commercial farms where the products of industry, such as
1268:
1083:
Before the advent of the
Industrial Revolution, ost manufacturing was done in homes or small, rural shops, using hand tools or simple machines.
30:
1169:
941:
884:
421:
1364:
Chirat, Alexandre (2019). "La société industrielle d'Aron et
Galbraith : des regards croisés pour une vision convergente ?".
631:’s position as a world power inspired reflection on whether the sociological association of highly-developed industrial economies with
1238:
1201:
953:
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ideology that aimed to justify the postwar status quo and undermine opposition to capitalism. However, some left-wing thinkers like
447:
505:
largely supplanted the practice in Europe during the Middle Ages, several
European powers reintroduced slavery extensively in the
276:
1502:
652:
425:
1227:
Pujolar, Joan (2018). "Post-Nationalism and
Language Commodification". In Tollefson, James W.; PĂ©rez-Milans, Miguel (eds.).
309:. Additionally, since the late 20th century, rapid changes in communication and information technology (sometimes called an
1193:
The Third Sector as a Job
Machine?: Conditions, Potentials, and Policies for Job Creation in German Nonprofit Organizations
750:
904:
1215:'Tertiarization', the quantitative shift of economic relevance from agricultural and especially industrial production .
592:
572:
410:
1522:
1512:
1196:. European University Studies: Economics and Management – ISSN 0531-7339. Vol. 2805. Peter Lang. p. 52.
429:
414:
544:
254:
economies. Even today, industrial manufacturing is significant to many developed and semi-developed economies.
1295:
vulnerable to their opponents. The slave trade was abolished in 1807 and slavery eventually abolished in 1833.
779:
889:
660:
296:
272:
664:
310:
83:
965:
1322:
899:
719:
688:
676:
648:
196:
71:
1279:
539:
999:
680:
624:
596:
548:
514:
377:
361:
990:
828:
668:
506:
385:
299:. This has come with a major shift in labor and production away from manufacturing and towards the
263:
218:
to self-regulate their trades and collectively pursue their business interests. Economic historian
164:
95:
91:
753:, “industrial society” theory was often criticized by left-wing sociologists and Communists as a
1461:
1381:
1127:
1050:
584:
576:
534:
518:
334:
327:
133:
109:
63:
1234:
1197:
1165:
937:
879:
869:
715:
672:
615:“Industrial society” took on a more specific meaning after World War II in the context of the
600:
522:
347:
314:
200:
153:
101:
59:
932:
S. Langlois, Traditions: Social, In: Neil J. Smelser and Paul B. Baltes, Editor(s)-in-Chief,
1517:
1453:
1373:
1157:
1119:
1111:
1045:
1040:
1026:
1007:
945:
914:
766:
731:
219:
144:
75:
1308:
517:, partly because domestic manufacturing's new economic dominance undercut interests in the
1335:
762:
711:
707:
692:
636:
486:
389:
55:
1255:
refers to the dominance of so-called third- or tertiary-sector production in the economy.
1003:
1068:
746:
723:
684:
604:
552:
305:
300:
268:
188:
79:
1011:
482:
295:
A recent trend has been the migration of prosperous, industrialized nations towards a
1496:
1465:
1385:
1131:
1115:
1096:
949:
909:
894:
874:
758:
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125:
121:
67:
1054:
275:'s sector model of an economy undergoing technological change. In later stages, the
699:
628:
564:
247:
223:
179:
143:
desirable, in part so that workers can be closer to centers of production, and the
140:
105:
87:
525:
with less worker supervision, which may have been incompatible with forced labor.
1457:
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703:
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510:
399:
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239:
227:
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17:
481:
through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members (
754:
745:
Because of its association with non-Marxist modernization theory and
American
640:
632:
588:
365:
289:
160:
129:
47:
1431:
A Hundred Years of
Socialism: The West European Left in the Twentieth Century
1097:"Guilds, efficiency, and social capital: evidence from German proto-industry"
683:, which achieved major influence in social science in the context of postwar
1351:
Transcending Capitalism: Visions of a New Society in Modern American Thought
769:
used aspects of industrial society theory in their critiques of capitalism.
727:
568:
357:
353:
251:
231:
117:
51:
39:
850:
One-Dimensional Man: Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society
1377:
801:
The End of Ideology: On the Exhaustion of Political Ideas in the Fifties.
616:
473:
469:
285:
204:
1154:
Origins of the European Economy: Communications and Commerce AD 300–900
1123:
735:
502:
498:
208:
246:
production, the new manufacturing drastically reconfigured previously
163:
require the input of external energy sources in order to overcome the
1269:"Slavery, the British Atlantic Economy and the Industrial Revolution"
966:"Chapter 1: Energy Fundamentals, Energy Use in an Industrial Society"
794:
La lutte des classes: nouvelles leçons sur les sociétés industrielles
620:
465:
214:
In Europe during the late Middle Ages, artisans in many towns formed
184:
149:
124:
is utilized to further increase efficiency. As populations grow, and
34:
Chicago and Northwestern railroad locomotive shop in the 20th century
988:
Arthur, Brian (February 1990). "Positive Feedbacks in the Economy".
460:
619:, the internationalization of sociology through organizations like
167:
of agricultural consolidation, due partially to the lack of nearby
934:
International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences
538:
459:
267:
243:
215:
178:
29:
1401:
Mandarins of the Future: Modernization Theory in Cold War America
183:
A factory, a traditional symbol of the industrial development (a
27:
Society driven by the use of technology to enable mass production
513:. The Industrial revolution played a central role in the later
521:. Additionally, the new industrial methods required a complex
485:
members) and negotiates labour contracts with employers. This
393:
313:) have allowed sections of some economies to specialize in a
679:
gave the industrial society paradigm strong resemblances to
1069:"Industrial Revolution - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com"
1025:
McGranahan, Gordon; Satterthwaite, David (November 2003).
1156:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 42–63,
563:
weaponry and supplies, machine-powered transportation,
234:
for more centralized production in certain industries.
655:
were taken as common markers of industrial society.
1230:
The Oxford Handbook of Language Policy and Planning
1233:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 487.
773:Selected bibliography of industrial society theory
199:in Europe and North America, followed by further
1027:"URBAN CENTERS: An Assessment of Sustainability"
559:The Industrial Revolution changed warfare, with
611:Use in 20th century social science and politics
509:, particularly for the harshest labor in their
468:amidst heavy steel components (KINEX BEARINGS,
333:Related to this change is the upgrading of the
104:societies use external energy sources, such as
1483:. London: Macmillan Education. pp. 31–40.
1150:"Late Roman industry: case studies in decline"
808:Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society
1433:. New York: Free Press. pp. chapter ten.
936:, Pergamon, Oxford, 2001, pages 15829-15833,
8:
1481:Sociology: A Short But Critical Introduction
1403:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
843:Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics.
810:. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1959.
1416:Dix-huit leçons sur la société industrielle
787:Dix-huit leçons sur la société industrielle
587:, but its full potential showed during the
428:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1032:Annual Review of Environment and Resources
211:with limited specialization or machinery.
128:is further refined, often to the level of
1044:
831:". Berkeley, CA: Jolly Roger Press, 1995.
497:Ancient Mediterranean cultures relied on
448:Learn how and when to remove this message
382:industrial and organizational psychology
86:age. Industrial societies are generally
1353:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
1046:10.1146/annurev.energy.28.050302.105541
925:
734:parties who advocated a turn away from
1331:
1320:
838:Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1960.
815:Stratégie ouvrière et néo-capitalisme
780:Late Capitalism or Industrial Society
489:first rose among industrial workers.
7:
1307:Lagerlöf, Nils-Petter (2006-08-30).
426:adding citations to reliable sources
70:in the period of time following the
66:. Such a structure developed in the
1309:"Slavery and other property rights"
326:sector, or the introduction of the
1267:Harley, Charles (September 2011).
627:to Europe. The cementation of the
132:, many workers shift to expanding
46:is a society driven by the use of
25:
1012:10.1038/scientificamerican0290-92
845:Garden City, NJ: Doubleday, 1959.
836:Industrialism and Industrial Man.
829:Industrial Society and its Future
551:, United States, 1944) producing
94:. They are often contrasted with
1148:McCormick, Michael, ed. (2002),
1116:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2004.00279.x
501:throughout their economy. While
398:
277:Quaternary sector of the economy
1508:Secondary sector of the economy
1446:Journal of Contemporary History
675:. The fusion of sociology with
1095:Ogilvie, Sheilagh (May 2004).
950:10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/02028-3
1:
852:. Boston: Beacon Press, 1964.
751:Congress for Cultural Freedom
623:, and the spread of American
90:, and may be succeeded by an
1458:10.1177/00220094020370030601
1366:Cahiers d'Ă©conomie politique
1162:10.1017/CBO9781107050693.004
905:Newly industrialized country
803:New York: Free Press, 1960.
593:military-industrial complex
573:weapons of mass destruction
1539:
543:The assembly plant of the
532:
375:
345:
261:
152:areas with a high rate of
1479:Giddens, Anthony (1982).
796:. Paris: Gallimard, 1964.
789:. Paris: Gallimard, 1961.
545:Bell Aircraft Corporation
139:Industrial society makes
62:with a high capacity for
1429:Sassoon, Donald (1996).
1190:Betzelt, Sigrid (2001).
841:Lipset, Seymour Martin.
827:Kaczynski, Theodore J. "
1104:Economic History Review
890:Post-industrial society
824:Paris: Gallimard, 1956.
749:organizations like the
698:The French sociologist
297:post-industrial society
288:manufacturing when the
1414:Aron, Raymond (1961).
1349:Brick, Howard (2006).
1330:Cite journal requires
857:Sociologie de l'action
822:Le Travail en miettes.
665:John Kenneth Galbraith
651:, and the rise of the
556:
477:
311:information revolution
280:
192:
175:Industrial development
112:and fossil fuel-based
35:
1503:Sociological theories
1399:Gilman, Nils (2003).
1278:: 7–8. Archived from
900:Industrial Revolution
859:. Paris: Seuil, 1965.
817:. Paris: Seuil, 1964.
720:Seymour Martin Lipset
677:development economics
649:collective bargaining
637:nationalized industry
575:. Early instances of
542:
463:
376:Further information:
271:
197:Industrial Revolution
182:
96:traditional societies
72:Industrial Revolution
33:
1378:10.3917/cep.076.0047
834:Kerr, Clark, et al.
820:Friedmann, Georges.
681:modernization theory
647:, institutionalized
625:industrial relations
549:Wheatfield, New York
515:abolition of slavery
422:improve this section
378:industrial sociology
362:vocational education
354:industrial pollution
1418:. Paris: Gallimard.
1004:1990SciAm.262b..92A
991:Scientific American
507:early modern period
386:industrial district
303:, a process dubbed
292:was mass-produced.
264:Deindustrialisation
258:Deindustrialisation
165:diminishing returns
92:information society
74:, and replaced the
885:North–South divide
848:Marcuse, Herbert.
806:Dahrendorf, Ralf.
778:Adorno, Theodor. "
585:American Civil War
577:industrial warfare
557:
535:Industrial warfare
493:Effects on slavery
478:
328:lean manufacturing
281:
193:
134:service industries
110:combine harvesters
76:agrarian societies
64:division of labour
44:industrial society
36:
1523:Stages of history
1513:Industrialisation
1171:978-0-521-66102-7
942:978-0-08-043076-8
880:Industrialization
870:Developed country
855:Touraine, Alain.
732:social-democratic
716:Georges Friedmann
601:military industry
523:division of labor
458:
457:
450:
372:Industrial labour
348:Industrial policy
342:Industrial policy
315:quaternary sector
201:industrialization
154:economic activity
16:(Redirected from
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915:Dystopian future
767:Frankfurt School
761:, Serge Mallet,
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220:Sheilagh Ogilvie
145:service industry
60:large population
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18:Industrial labor
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792:Aron, Raymond.
785:Aron, Raymond.
775:
763:Herbert Marcuse
712:Ralf Dahrendorf
708:Reinhard Bendix
653:tertiary sector
613:
597:arms industries
537:
531:
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476:, c. 1995–2000)
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1452:(3): 437–455.
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1253:Tertiarization
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799:Bell, Daniel.
797:
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774:
771:
738:and an end to
724:Alain Touraine
685:decolonization
673:Jean Fourastié
612:
609:
605:modern warfare
553:P-39 Airacobra
533:Main article:
530:
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464:An industrial
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346:Main article:
343:
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306:tertiarization
301:service sector
262:Main article:
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230:had developed
189:Kunda, Estonia
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88:mass societies
84:pre-industrial
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1285:on 2020-08-02
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895:Western world
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1073:HISTORY.com
1039:: 243–274.
704:Daniel Bell
689:development
669:W.W. Rostow
661:Colin Clark
645:bureaucracy
591:. See also
581:Crimean War
519:slave trade
320:off-shoring
273:Colin Clark
240:steam power
228:Han dynasty
226:or Chinese
187:factory in
169:arable land
114:fertilizers
1497:Categories
1289:2020-08-11
1246:6 November
1209:6 November
1177:2024-02-14
1078:2018-07-04
974:2007-12-18
921:References
765:, and the
759:André Gorz
742:politics.
728:reformists
641:automation
633:capitalism
589:world wars
366:labour law
290:automobile
248:mercantile
130:automation
102:Industrial
80:pre-modern
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1132:154328341
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569:total war
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358:financing
330:process.
242:and mass
232:factories
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864:See also
695:states.
687:and the
617:Cold War
583:and the
555:fighters
511:colonies
487:movement
474:Slovakia
286:carriage
209:artisans
1518:Society
1000:Bibcode
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185:cement
159:These
150:suburb
120:where
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