108:. Examples of such situations include: “Remembering where to find things which have been put in a different place from usual” and “Handling money for shopping”. Each situation is rated by the informant for amount of change over the previous 10 years, using the following scale: 1. Much improved, 2. A bit improved, 3. Not much change, 4. A bit worse, 5. Much worse.
92:, especially if that person had a higher level of education or intelligence originally. The IQCODE attempts to overcome this problem by assessing change from earlier in life, rather than the person's current level of functioning. It does this by making use of the informant's knowledge of both the person's earlier and current cognitive functioning.
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The IQCODE is generally scored by averaging the ratings across the 26 situations. A person who has no cognitive decline will have an average score of 3, while scores of greater than 3 indicate that some decline has occurred. However, some users of the IQCODE have scored it by summing the scores to
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The original IQCODE has 26 items. A Short IQCODE has been developed, consisting of the 16 items, and has been found to be as valid as the full version. Because it is briefer and of equal validity, the Short IQCODE can generally be used in preference to the original version.
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Various cutoff scores have been used to distinguish dementia from normality. In community samples, cutoff scores for likely dementia have ranged from 3.3 and above to 3.6 and above, while in patient samples the cutoff scores have ranged from 3.4 and above to 4.0 and above.
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with a person's level of education or with their intelligence earlier in life. This is in contrast to conventional dementia screening tests like the Mini-Mental State
Examination, which are affected by education and intelligence as well as the presence of dementia.
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The IQCODE has been found to distinguish people who have or do not have dementia. A low score on the IQCODE in a person who does not currently have dementia has also been found to predict that they will develop dementia in the future.
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A Cochrane review conducted in 2021 focused on the use of the IQCODE in primary care settings for the detection of dementia was unable to provide any guidance due to a surprising lack of research in this specific area.
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To improve the detection of dementia, the IQCODE can be used in combination with the Mini-Mental State
Examination. A graphical method of combining the two tests has been developed and is known as the Demegraph.
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The IQCODE has been translated into many languages, including
Chinese, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, Canadian French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish and Thai.
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Because the IQCODE does not require the involvement of the person being assessed, it can be used to assess probable dementia in someone who is unable to be assessed because they have had a
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The IQCODE has found to correlate highly with conventional dementia screening tests, such as the Mini-Mental State
Examination, and to have moderate correlations with a range of
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Most screening tests for dementia involve a brief list of questions to directly assess cognitive functioning. Probably the best-known dementia screening test of this kind is the
402:
Burton, Jennifer K; Fearon, Patricia; Noel-Storr, Anna H; McShane, Rupert; Stott, David J; Quinn, Terry J (2021-07-19). Cochrane
Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group (ed.).
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Quinn, Terry J; Fearon, Patricia; Noel-Storr, Anna H; Young, Camilla; McShane, Rupert; Stott, David J (2021-07-19). Cochrane
Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group (ed.).
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in people with lower education, culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, and lower intelligence. Cognitive screening tests may also have the opposite problem,
61:. If the person is found to have significant cognitive decline, then this needs to be followed up with a medical examination to determine whether dementia is present.
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404:"Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) for the detection of dementia within a general practice (primary care) setting"
260:"The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): Socio-demographic correlates, reliability, validity and some norms"
500:"Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) for the detection of dementia within community dwelling populations"
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453:"A short form of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): Development and cross-validation"
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that can be filled out by a relative or other supporter of an older person to determine whether that person has declined in
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365:"Combining Cognitive Testing and Informant Report to Increase Accuracy in Screening for Dementia"
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tests. It has also been found to correlate with change in cognitive test scores over time.
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and culture in their country, and level of intelligence before the onset of dementia.
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A brief screening tool designed for
General Practitioners and Primary Care Physicians
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318:"The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): A review"
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or have died. A Retrospective IQCODE has been developed for this purpose.
229:"Assessment of cognitive impairment and dementia using informant reports"
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The IQCODE lists 26 everyday situations where a person has to use their
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The
Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE)
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determine whether that person has declined in cognitive functioning
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Cognitive impairment and dementia screening and assessment tools
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falsely indicating that a person does not have dementia
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A shorter, 10 question screen for impaired cognition.
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209:Self-administered Gerocognitive Examination (SAGE)
84:Because of this, cognitive screening tests can
363:MacKinnon, Andrew; Mulligan, Reinhild (1998).
57:. The IQCODE is used as a screening test for
16:Cognitive functioning test for elderly people
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193:General Practitioner Assessment Of Cognition
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258:Jorm, A. F.; Jacomb, P. A. (1989).
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77:, familiarity with the dominant
516:10.1002/14651858.CD010079.pub3
420:10.1002/14651858.CD010771.pub3
369:American Journal of Psychiatry
322:International Psychogeriatrics
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204:Montreal Cognitive Assessment
187:Abbreviated mental test score
117:give a range from 26 to 130.
71:mini–mental state examination
245:10.1016/0272-7358(95)00056-9
157:Other versions of the IQCODE
65:Rationale behind the IQCODE
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233:Clinical Psychology Review
469:10.1017/S003329170002691X
334:10.1017/S1041610204000390
316:Jorm, Anthony F. (2004).
276:10.1017/S0033291700005742
199:Mental status examination
144:The IQCODE has near-zero
86:falsely indicate dementia
381:10.1176/ajp.155.11.1529
457:Psychological Medicine
264:Psychological Medicine
129:Validity of the IQCODE
55:cognitive functioning
451:Jorm, A. F. (1994).
227:Jorm, A.F. (1996).
139:neuropsychological
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181:See also
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28:Synonyms
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112:Scoring
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