22:
1910:– picture and commentary on the album and cover: "This unusual title was drawn from the axiom that, if you give a monkey a typewriter and an infinite amount of time, it would eventually produce the complete works of Shakespeare, a wry comment on the group's own musical ability. The rest of the Shakespeare quote appears on the Mekons Story". The last sentence refers to the later collection
119:
181:
vast assortment of quotations and experimental designs concerning monkeys and typewriters. They all expand on the theory that if an infinite number of monkeys were left to bang on an infinite number of typewriters, sooner or later they would accidentally reproduce the complete works of
William Shakespeare (or even just one of his sonnets)."
1342:
The examples included invariably refer directly to a variation on the theme of a large number of typing monkeys producing a work of literature, usually, but not always, a work by
Shakespeare. Infinite libraries, and random text generation (instead of monkeys) are also included. Trivial or incomplete
568:
is that Doctor
Rectangle mistakenly believes that he can directly and practically use the infinite monkey theorem, using real monkeys and typewriters, to create a great work of literature or come up with a plan that will make him famous and/or powerful. It is also believed that, unbeknown to Doctor
1001:
2006 – The
Infinite Monkey Project was launched by predictive text company T9. The Europe-wide project sees users, unknown to each other, text a word of their choosing to the Website. The text message is free and as it continues the words are combined to form lyrics. The lyrics are then made into a
958:
1996 – Robert
Wilensky once jocularly remarked, "We've all heard that a million monkeys banging on a million typewriters will eventually reproduce the entire works of Shakespeare. Now, thanks to the Internet, we know this is not true." This version of the internet analogy "began appearing as a very
343:
describes a city full of people that have lost their memories, overseen by a monkey. The monkey entertains these people by letting them play a game of dice with letters on them. The monkey explains that since these people have lost their capability to write stories themselves, the game will make it
180:
The enduring, widespread and popular nature of the knowledge of the theorem was noted in a 2001 paper, "Monkeys, Typewriters and
Networks – the Internet in the Light of the Theory of Accidental Excellence". In their introduction to that paper, Hoffmann and Hofmann stated: "The Internet is home to a
1042:
was launched, which features a random comic generator that creates three-panel comics by placing a random tweet from
Twitter over a random image from Flickr based on keywords of the user's choosing. The result is a nearly inexhaustible collection of potential comics generated by the random musings
222:
The following thematic timelines are based on these existing collections. The timelines are not comprehensive – instead, they document notable examples of references to the theorem appearing in various media. The initial timeline starts with some of the early history following Borel, and the later
403:
January 16, 2023 "Shouts & Murmurs" Department, a hilarious one-page satirical take-off entitled "The
Infinite-Monkey Theorem: Field Notes" by Reuven Perlman. Here, an embedded reporter monitors "onkeys and typewriters as far as the eye can see" for most of December 2022 to eventually report:
532:
1998 – An advertisement for Molson
Canadian beer depicts an array of typing chimpanzees filling a seemingly endless cathedral-like structure while a voice-over sardonically asks "Could an infinite number of monkeys on an infinite number of typewriters eventually define what it is to be
218:
Today, popular interest in the typing monkeys is sustained by numerous appearances in literature, television and radio, music, and the
Internet, as well as graphic novels and stand-up comedy routines. Several collections of cultural references to the theorem have been published.
1635:, Jonathan Woodward, "Issue #25, July '90: "Monkey Puzzles" The text in the typewriter is Morrison's script for this issue. The monkey, of course, is the famous one who, given an infinite amount of time, will eventually write out the complete Shakespeare, completely at random."
1131:
routine in which a lab technician monitoring an "infinitely many monkeys" experiment discovered that one of the monkeys has typed something of interest. A typical punchline would be: "Hey, Harry! This one looks a little famous: 'To be or not to be – that is the
429:, when wireless Morse code signals are detected by radio operators on the carrier Melbourne, the Australian admiral mentions "the old story about an infinite number of monkeys and an infinite number of typewriters", and that "one of them has to end up writing
1527:"Season 1 Vol. 6", "Do you know what he said to me? I explained it to him, I said 'You've got an infinite number of monkeys, an infinite number of typewriters, they will type the complete works of Shakespeare.' He said, 'Have they read Shakespeare?'"
303:
edition; however, the experiment ends prematurely when the mathematician to whom he has revealed the incredible occurrence returns with a rifle and kills the six monkeys. Before it succumbs to its wounds, the sixth monkey laboriously begins to type
378:." The play's humour mainly involves literary references, including moments when the random typing produces passages from great works of literature. The play premiered in January 1987, and is still being performed almost 30 years later.
926:, Bernkastel was involved in a situation which had her make a miracle out of a nearly impossible situation. This was compared to the monkey theorem, trying at random to obtain a miracle that had an incredibly low chance.
1220:"Neo-Darwinism does indeed carry the nineteenth-century brand of materialism to its extreme limits—to the proverbial monkey at the typewriter, hitting by pure chance on the proper keys to produce a Shakespeare sonnet."
587:, features a large room filled with several types of monkeys with typewriters who are working on a novel. When Weasel tries to pay them in bananas, they consider it an insult and quit their job, all except for Baboon.
1471:, Press & Sun-Bulletin, 27 July 2007. "The genius of this joke is a child can laugh at it, but those who understand the allusion to Charles Dickens and the infinite monkey theorem can laugh on another level."
332:, December), tells the story of an angel who is punished by having to supervise (for trillions of years) randomly typing monkeys who are attempting to produce a perfect copy of the collected works of Shakespeare.
190:
article said: "Plenty of people have had fun with the famous notion that an infinite number of monkeys with an infinite number of typewriters and an infinite amount of time could eventually write the works of
998:
where several characters accidentally teleport to an alternate dimension. There they find that this dimension is populated by monkeys with typewriters, presumably typing the scripts of many other dimensions.
412:
on fire and announces her retirement from writing, and then her plans to apply to grad school in the fall. The monkeys then resume their unproductivity and humorous self-distractions to avoid the task of
385:
4, 1996), the main character seeks to find meaning in the universe through text randomly generated through various means; the original program he uses to do so is something he dubs the "Motorola Monkey".*
637:, who refuses to believe it possible. In attempting to explain the mathematics behind the theorem, Gervais eventually gives up and storms out of the room when, after a long explication by Gervais and
801:, he says that "if had a monkey for every time some penny-ante crook tried to pin their criminal malfeasance on Pegnose Pete... have enough monkeys to work out a reasonable sequel to Hamlet by now."
1539:
1094:
uses the phrase "monkeys and typewriters" to describe his acquaintance Klein grouping up with weaker players, implying that there is next to no chance they will all survive at their skill level.
1002:
song by the Hip Hop artist Sparo which will be released as an album. If any of the tracks becomes a hit the people who texted in the words for the lyrics will receive royalties from the project.
146:
illustration of the mathematics of probability, widely known to the general public because of its transmission through popular culture rather than because of its transmission via the classroom.
39:
745:"Thomas Henry Huxley said if you gave keyboards to an infinite amount of monkeys, and gave said monkeys an infinite amount of time… Well it is safe to say…you are not the magic monkey."
372:
have been confined to a cage by a Dr Rosenbaum, who has the hypothesis: "Three monkeys hitting keys at random on typewriters for an infinite amount of time will almost surely produce
1942:
315:, describes a machine that rapidly simulates the infinite monkeys with the result that it generates the sum total of human writing from first principles, and onward into the future.
149:
However, this popularity as either presented to or taken in the public's mind often oversimplifies or confuses important aspects of the different scales of the concepts involved:
295:, so he tests the theory. His monkeys immediately set to work typing, without error, classics of fiction and nonfiction. The rich man is amused to see unexpurgated versions of
1779:
177:
The Hoffmann and Hofmann paper (2001) referenced a collection compiled by Jim Reeds, titled "The Parable of the Monkeys – a.k.a. The Topos of the Monkeys and the Typewriters".
448:
344:
possible for them to produce sentences, stories, or poems by pure chance. Eventually this game would produce any story ever told, including the Neverending Story itself.
713:. According to Colbert, one million monkeys typing for eternity would produce Shakespeare, ten thousand (drinking) monkeys typing for ten thousand years would produce
497:
that "you and I both know, at the end of a millennium they'd still be tapping out gibberish." Tegan's response: "And you'd be tapping it out right alongside them."
404:"Monkey No. 7160043--nicknamed Coco--experienced a 90-minute burst of creative energy and has successfully and independently written the entirety of Shakespeare's
705:
featured a humorous segment on how many monkeys it would take for various works. This was in response to comments made in the news on monkeys typing out the
657:
1562:
86:
1273:
1536:
1057:
58:
1163:
661:, Sheen's science fair project is having an iguana sprawled on a typewriter under the assumption that it will "write the next great American novel".
652:, set after Shakespeare's death in 1616, it is revealed that his plays were written by typewriter-using monkeys that he kept enslaved in his cellar.
408:! The theorem has been confirmed!" Coco is ecstatic until she starts to reread the manuscript "with a furrowed brow," and then lights her copy of
65:
1594:
1020:
shows a depiction of the Infinite Monkey Theorem which states that when good monkeys go bad, one of the infinite monkeys would surely plagiarize
464:
962:
A variant appeared in USENET at about the same time: "The Experiment has begun! A million monkeys and a million keyboards. We call it USENET."
1828:(2015). "Humanist computing at the end of the individual voice and the authoritative text". In Svensson, Patrik; Goldberg, David Theo (eds.).
1397:
569:
Rectangle, the monkeys are in fact very intelligent and just type things at random to amuse themselves and receive a steady income of bananas.
1845:
1355:
785:
miniseries "The Hamlet Factory". It follows three monkeys working in an office with infinite monkeys with typewriters trying to write Hamlet.
1509:
72:
1292:
989:
214:
Another study of the history was published in the introduction to a study published in 2007 by Terry Butler, "Monkeying Around with Text".
1451:
249:
54:
1468:
1151:
1783:
105:
1013:
site where anyone can sign up and add writing "snippets" that others can add on to, eventually creating stories with many outcomes.
1493:
1434:
1628:
975:
proposed an "Infinite Monkey Protocol Suite (IMPS)", a method of directing a farm of infinitely many monkeys over the Internet.
968:
543:
1413:
1254:
514:
has his own room with 1000 monkeys at typewriters, one of which he chastises for mistyping a word in the opening sentence of
472:
invoked the theorem to illustrate the power of the ‘Infinite Improbability Drive’ that powered a spaceship. From Episode 2: "
440:
43:
597:
452:
shows a large hall with many people sitting on desks using typewriters in an attempt to preserve digital records on paper.
614:
The scene then cuts to several monkeys in a room, arguing over which flower is most appropriate in the famous line from
79:
564:, one of the series main villains, Doctor Rectangle, keeps a basement full of monkeys typing away on typewriters. The
994:
223:
timelines record examples of the history, from the stories by Maloney and Borges in the 1940s, up to the present day.
261:
1069:
1006:
726:
173:'s use of the metaphor in his essay in 1913, and this imagery has recurred many times since in a variety of media.
32:
1099:
1091:
1086:
952:
797:
684:
871:
752:
507:
473:
425:
244:
1559:
972:
135:
885:
makes Peter a program to generate random numbers of the alphabet, with Peter stating that "If it works for
1167:
922:
625:
1261:, Ute Hoffmann & Jeanette Hofmann, Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung gGmbH (WZB), 2001.
906:
cartoon, with a monkey asking "How can I credibly delay Hamlet's revenge until Act V" in the final frame.
161:—all of these are in measures beyond average human experience and practical comprehension or comparison.
1010:
393:
336:
1029:
2008 – Monkeys are depicted typing random bits of text in Google's online comic book advertising their
1926:
1716:
1235:
1223:
674:
production logo's background is made up of upside-down text pertaining to the Infinite Monkey Theorem.
1381:
1184:
1022:
516:
389:
328:
305:
195:
198:
funded experiment involving real monkeys and a computer keyboard received widespread press coverage.
1394:
1309:
1107:
902:
846:
352:
1891:
1758:
1696:
1352:
1326:
237:
1505:
1418:
701:
493:", the Doctor mentions the theorem in passing (quoting it as "a treeful of monkeys"), stating to
208:
1289:
742:
jokingly asks if she's testing the Infinite Monkey Theorem. When asked what this is, he replies:
870:) including a monkey who typed not only the works of Shakespeare, but comic books as well. The
1841:
1159:
611:"Oh, art-schmart. Put enough monkeys in a room with a typewriter they'll produce Shakespeare."
538:
272:
268:
123:
1455:
1238:, as of 2007, is hosted at the website of the experimental music/dance/performance art group
476:, there’s an infinite number of monkeys outside who want to talk to us about this script for
1833:
980:
941:
714:
638:
616:
511:
203:
948:, a humorous demonstration of Apple BASIC, on their DOS 3.2 disk for the Apple II computer.
1825:
1632:
1566:
1543:
1513:
1438:
1401:
1376:
1359:
1296:
1258:
1215:
1128:
1073:
731:
634:
560:
547:
186:
139:
1874:
687:", Veronica, commenting on the sudden realization she did know David 'Curly' Moran says:
641:, Karl says, "If they haven't even read Shakespeare, how do they know what they're doin?"
1861:
1496:, TV.com episode guide: "Weasel tries to test the "monkeys typing Shakespeare" theorem".
1675:
1155:
1017:
937:
859:
766:
671:
490:
365:
323:
287:
233:
170:
1804:
1431:
1936:
1837:
1030:
914:
910:
897:
774:
761:
739:
679:
666:
630:
605:
494:
469:
127:
1625:
1158:
in the United Kingdom, its cover features a photo, not of a monkey, but of a typing
778:, Lady Mary remarks, “A monkey will type out the Bible if you leave it long enough.”
1251:
601:
502:
340:
296:
690:"Somewhere, those million chimps, with their million typewriters, must've written
1124:
829:
811:
583:
565:
369:
361:
319:
300:
285:
1940 – In "Inflexible Logic" by Russell Maloney, a short story that appeared in
256:
21:
1657:
1644:
1612:
1147:
945:
863:
854:
782:
592:
485:
357:
312:
1061:
a somewhat sarcastic look at contemporary art uses the monkeys as a metaphor.
878:– 2003) featured an "infinite" number of Grant Morrisons typing on the cover.
169:
The history of the imagery of "typing monkeys" dates back at least as far as
1579:
1524:
1143:
735:
718:
691:
574:
431:
1239:
710:
572:
1999 – The infinite monkey theorem is the subject of a brief sketch in the
118:
1226:, a collection of historical references to the theorem in various formats.
1550:
Stoopid Monkey production logo that refers to the Infinite Monkey Theorem
1121:
985:
955:
which was, in 2000, to be included as a reference in RFC 2795 (see below)
810:, one of the characters, Colonel Hakha, remarks "Even a monkey can write
806:
1595:"'The Hamlet Factory' Brings More Monkey Business to Adult Swim Smalls"
1203:
1081:
1066:
882:
842:
837:
348:
292:
143:
553:"Pinciotti actually scores! Hell freezes over! A monkey types Hamlet!"
381:
1996 – In Jim Cowan's short story "The Spade of Reason" (published in
1432:
It's All in the Laughing, All in the Timing will have you in stitches
477:
374:
291:, the protagonist feels that his wealth obligates him to support the
1914:, which included the song 'It Falleth Like Gentle Rain from Heaven'.
1738:
1310:"The Best Thought Experiments: Schrödinger's Cat, Borel's Monkeys"
1104:
730:(broadcast January and February 2007 in Canada and the USA), when
706:
1907:
1613:"Dilbert Comic Strip on 1989-05-15 | Dilbert by Scott Adams"
1202:
Examples of the theorem being referred to as proverbial include:
1404:, synopsis by Fred Galvin, at the Mathematical Fiction database.
717:, and ten monkeys typing for three days would produce a work of
1038:
951:
1995 – "The famous Brett Watson" published his Internet paper,
15:
1077:
a social literature website, where the users are the monkeys.
1048:
917:, monkeys on laptops are used as an analogy to random data.
1441:, review by Melissa Bearns for Eugene Weekly, 4 June 2006.
959:
frequent email and web-page epigraph starting in 1997".
769:
references it in a segment of "Scenes We'd Like to See."
1658:"FoxTrot by Bill Amend for October 09, 1998 - GoComics"
1469:
Woo-hoo! A look at the 10 best 'Simpsons' episodes ever
1204:
Why Creativity Is Not like the Proverbial Typing Monkey
130:
produce one of Shakespeare's plays (or any other text).
849:
that his poem would take "three monkeys, ten minutes".
1739:"RFC 2795: The Infinite Monkey Protocol Suite (IMPS)"
1508:– script of the "Monkeys Writing Shakespeare" scene.
992:, started in August 2005 an ongoing story line named
759:
2011 – On an episode of the topical comedy programme
1269:
1267:
1110:
project that checks for the Infinite Monkey Theorem.
1379:, published in 1956, and in the classic collection
1371:The story was reprinted in the classic four-volume
734:copies scrambled letters obtained from the Grugeon
623:2001 – In the sixth episode of the first season of
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1580:"BBC Radio 4 - the Infinite Monkey Cage, Series 1"
756:derives its name from the Infinite Monkey Theorem.
1290:"Notes Towards the Complete Works of Shakespeare"
536:1998 – In the "Battle of the Sexists" episode of
1645:Animal Man, Book 3 – Deus Ex Machina (Paperback)
1362:, synopsis at the Mathematical Fiction database.
396:used it as an example of the role of randomness.
724:2007 – In an episode of the daytime soap opera
655:2004 – In "The Science Fair Affair" episode of
126:typing at random would, as part of its output,
1943:Mathematics-related topics in popular culture
449:Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One
438:2021 – The theorem was mentioned in the film
311:1969 – "Uncollected Works", a short story by
299:' diaries, of which he owns only a copy of a
8:
953:"The Mathematics of Monkeys and Shakespeare"
55:"Infinite monkey theorem in popular culture"
795:2000 – When talking to Inspector Canard in
658:The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius
138:and its associated imagery is considered a
1896:Computing in the Humanities Working Papers
1780:"Infinite Monkey Project wants your texts"
1331:Computing in the Humanities Working Papers
238:“Mécanique Statistique et Irréversibilité”
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
900:satirized the thought experiment in his
781:2022 – The theorem is the basis for the
117:
1894:, Terry Butler, University of Alberta,
1862:"10th Page of Google Chrome comic book"
1195:
523:"'It was the best of times, it was the
1172:"The quality of mercy is not strain'd"
581:1999 – "A Troo Storee", an episode of
1593:Milligan, Mercedes (April 15, 2022).
7:
1875:Flashback: Computer poetry from 1985
1647:, Amazon.com scan of the book cover.
1206:Jonathan W. Schooler, Sonya Dougal,
1052:draws its namesake from the theorem.
465:The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
207:magazine in a list of eight classic
44:adding citations to reliable sources
1385:in 1958, edited by Clifton Fadiman.
608:'s creativity, to which he replies:
550:scored during a game of basketball:
201:In 2007, the theorem was listed by
1830:Between Humanities and the Digital
1152:The Quality of Mercy Is Not Strnen
909:2008 – In a comic book written by
866:DC character) contained an issue (
122:Given enough time, a hypothetical
14:
1626:Grant Morrison's Animal Man #8-26
1252:Monkeys, Typewriters and Networks
1185:Model for a rare event comparison
633:tries to explain this theorem to
1929:, a bibliography with quotations
1676:""Tom the Dancing Bug July 2008"
1414:The Stage: One-acts at Punchline
1142:1979 – The debut album by Leeds
1058:Lyrois Beating a Million Monkeys
881:1998 – Jason in the comic strip
250:The Nature of the Physical World
20:
1454:. Simpson Crazy. Archived from
971:Internet standards committee's
446:2023 – The opening sequence of
31:needs additional citations for
1838:10.7551/mitpress/9465.003.0010
750:2009 – The BBC Radio 4 series
558:1998 – In the animated series
527:of times?' You stupid monkey!"
441:The Boss Baby: Family Business
1:
1890:The date of 1960 is given in
1832:. MIT Press. pp. 83–93.
1805:"The Infinite Monkey Project"
1782:. Pocket-lint. Archived from
1210:, Vol. 10, No. 4 (1999); and
1067:www.shakespearean-monkeys.com
1043:and typing of internet users.
946:"The Infinite No. Of Monkeys"
931:Software and internet culture
828:, a science fiction comic by
1737:S. Christey (1 April 2000).
1327:"Monkeying Around with Text"
1280:, 28 October 2002, page C01.
1236:"The Parable of the Monkeys"
1218:, New York, 1972, page 30):
1212:The Case of the Midwife Toad
920:2009 – In the graphic novel
874:this issue is collected in (
738:onto a dry board, Professor
326:, "Been a Long, Long Time" (
1506:Family Guy official website
1222:The latter is sourced from
670:episode "Badunkadunk", the
546:yells after his girlfriend
1959:
1927:The Parable of the Monkeys
1892:Monkeying Around with Text
1452:"Last Exit To Springfield"
1007:One Million Monkeys Typing
889:, why won't it work for a
835:1989 – In the comic strip
727:The Young and the Restless
462:1978 – In his radio play,
1329:, University of Alberta,
1154:. Originally released on
1087:Sword Art Online Abridged
819:Comics and graphic novels
798:Escape from Monkey Island
685:Cheatty Cheatty Bang Bang
664:2005 – At the end of the
1759:"The articulate monkeys"
1717:"Parable of the Monkeys"
1373:The World of Mathematics
1343:references are excluded.
1049:Monkeys With Typewriters
772:2016 – In an episode of
753:The Infinite Monkey Cage
578:episode "Super Writers".
508:Last Exit to Springfield
335:1979 – Chapter XXIII of
1879:The Syracuse Newspapers
1299:– some press clippings.
1005:2007 – A website named
804:2004 – in the PS2 game
262:The Mysterious Universe
136:infinite monkey theorem
1537:The Robot Chicken Wiki
1512:June 23, 2006, at the
1395:Been a long, long time
1316:Issue 15.06, May 2007.
1224:Parable of the Monkeys
1168:The Merchant of Venice
1162:. The title refers to
1039:Infinite Monkey Comics
923:Umineko: When They Cry
896:2008 – The cartoonist
747:
696:
626:The Ricky Gervais Show
613:
555:
529:
360:, three monkeys named
347:1987 – In the one-act
131:
1208:Psychological Inquiry
1090:, the main character
1011:collaborative writing
814:, given enough time."
743:
699:2006 – In June 2006,
688:
609:
551:
521:
394:Nassim Nicholas Taleb
337:The Neverending Story
121:
1382:Fantasia Mathematica
1274:"Hello? This is Bob"
1023:A Tale of Two Cities
995:infinite typewriters
973:April Fools' Day RFC
517:A Tale of Two Cities
480:they’ve worked out".
457:Radio and television
390:Fooled by Randomness
40:improve this article
1569:, at tvmegasite.net
1164:a Shakespeare quote
1108:volunteer computing
1016:2008 – An issue of
903:Tom the Dancing Bug
646:2000 Years of Radio
423:1959 – In the film
353:Words, Words, Words
209:thought experiments
1631:2007-08-20 at the
1599:Animation Magazine
1565:2007-11-12 at the
1560:Episode transcript
1542:2011-09-30 at the
1480:"Molson Monkeys",
1458:on 19 August 2008.
1437:2012-03-28 at the
1422:, 15 January 1987.
1419:The New York Times
1400:2007-08-08 at the
1358:2007-08-05 at the
1295:2007-07-16 at the
1257:2008-05-13 at the
1240:"Infinite Monkeys"
1072:2011-12-29 at the
1009:was introduced, a
990:Jonathan Rosenberg
862:(a revival of the
702:The Colbert Report
318:1970 – A humorous
245:Arthur Eddington's
132:
1847:978-0-262-02868-4
1132:gggzornonplatt.'"
306:Uncle Tom's Cabin
273:The Total Library
269:Jorge Luis Borges
116:
115:
108:
90:
1950:
1915:
1912:The Mekons Story
1905:
1899:
1888:
1882:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1826:Drucker, Johanna
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1761:. Computer Music
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1576:
1570:
1557:
1551:
1546:– Screenshot of
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1448:
1442:
1429:
1423:
1411:
1405:
1392:
1386:
1369:
1363:
1353:Inflexible Logic
1350:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1323:
1317:
1306:
1300:
1287:
1281:
1271:
1262:
1249:
1243:
1233:
1227:
1200:
942:Bruce Tognazzini
639:Stephen Merchant
617:Romeo and Juliet
598:The King is Dead
512:Montgomery Burns
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1933:
1932:
1923:
1918:
1906:
1902:
1898:, January 2007.
1889:
1885:
1873:
1869:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1848:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1810:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1789:
1787:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1764:
1762:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1743:
1741:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1722:
1720:
1719:. Angelfire.com
1715:
1714:
1710:
1701:
1699:
1697:"Google Chrome"
1695:
1694:
1690:
1681:
1679:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1643:
1639:
1633:Wayback Machine
1624:
1620:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1567:Wayback Machine
1558:
1554:
1544:Wayback Machine
1535:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1514:Wayback Machine
1504:
1500:
1494:"A Troo Storee"
1492:
1488:
1482:Advertising Age
1479:
1475:
1467:
1463:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1439:Wayback Machine
1430:
1426:
1412:
1408:
1402:Wayback Machine
1393:
1389:
1377:James R. Newman
1370:
1366:
1360:Wayback Machine
1351:
1347:
1341:
1337:
1325:Terry Butler,
1324:
1320:
1307:
1303:
1297:Wayback Machine
1288:
1284:
1278:Washington Post
1272:
1265:
1259:Wayback Machine
1250:
1246:
1234:
1230:
1216:Arthur Koestler
1201:
1197:
1193:
1181:
1139:
1120:1960 onwards –
1117:
1115:Stand-up comedy
1100:GoofyxGrid@Home
1074:Wayback Machine
988:illustrated by
933:
876:Deus ex Machina
821:
792:
732:Colleen Carlton
635:Karl Pilkington
561:Fat Dog Mendoza
548:Donna Pinciotti
459:
420:
282:
229:
187:Washington Post
167:
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
1956:
1954:
1946:
1945:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1922:
1921:External links
1919:
1917:
1916:
1908:Mekons fansite
1900:
1883:
1877:, Al Fasoldt,
1867:
1853:
1846:
1817:
1796:
1771:
1750:
1729:
1708:
1688:
1678:. Gocomics.com
1667:
1649:
1637:
1618:
1604:
1585:
1571:
1552:
1529:
1517:
1498:
1486:
1473:
1461:
1443:
1424:
1416:, Mel Gussow,
1406:
1387:
1364:
1345:
1335:
1318:
1301:
1282:
1276:, Ken Ringle,
1263:
1244:
1228:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1156:Virgin Records
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1095:
1080:2013 – In the
1078:
1062:
1053:
1044:
1034:
1027:
1014:
1003:
999:
976:
965:
964:
963:
956:
949:
938:Apple Computer
932:
929:
928:
927:
918:
907:
894:
879:
868:Monkey Puzzles
860:Grant Morrison
850:
833:
820:
817:
816:
815:
802:
791:
788:
787:
786:
779:
770:
767:Micky Flanagan
757:
748:
722:
697:
677:2005 – In the
675:
672:Stoopid Monkey
662:
653:
644:2002 – In the
642:
621:
590:2000 – In the
588:
579:
570:
556:
539:That '70s Show
534:
530:
498:
491:Mawdryn Undead
483:1983 – In the
481:
458:
455:
454:
453:
444:
436:
419:
416:
415:
414:
401:The New Yorker
397:
386:
379:
345:
333:
324:R. A. Lafferty
316:
309:
288:The New Yorker
281:
278:
277:
276:
265:
253:
241:
228:
225:
216:
215:
212:
199:
192:
182:
178:
166:
163:
114:
113:
28:
26:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1955:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1868:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1786:on 2007-11-17
1785:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1740:
1733:
1730:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1589:
1586:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1548:Robot Chicken
1545:
1541:
1538:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1349:
1346:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1308:Greta Lorge,
1305:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1031:Google Chrome
1028:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
997:
996:
991:
987:
983:
982:
977:
974:
970:
966:
961:
960:
957:
954:
950:
947:
943:
939:
935:
934:
930:
925:
924:
919:
916:
915:Google Chrome
912:
911:Scott McCloud
908:
905:
904:
899:
898:Ruben Bolling
895:
893:book report?"
892:
888:
884:
880:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
856:
851:
848:
844:
840:
839:
834:
831:
827:
823:
822:
818:
813:
809:
808:
803:
800:
799:
794:
793:
789:
784:
780:
777:
776:
775:Downton Abbey
771:
768:
764:
763:
762:Mock the Week
758:
755:
754:
749:
746:
741:
740:Adrian Korbel
737:
733:
729:
728:
723:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
703:
698:
695:
693:
686:
682:
681:
680:Veronica Mars
676:
673:
669:
668:
667:Robot Chicken
663:
660:
659:
654:
651:
647:
643:
640:
636:
632:
631:Ricky Gervais
628:
627:
622:
619:
618:
612:
607:
603:
599:
595:
594:
589:
586:
585:
580:
577:
576:
571:
567:
563:
562:
557:
554:
549:
545:
541:
540:
535:
531:
528:
526:
519:
518:
513:
509:
505:
504:
499:
496:
492:
488:
487:
482:
479:
475:
471:
470:Douglas Adams
467:
466:
461:
460:
456:
451:
450:
445:
443:
442:
437:
434:
433:
428:
427:
422:
421:
417:
411:
407:
402:
398:
395:
391:
387:
384:
380:
377:
376:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
331:
330:
325:
321:
317:
314:
310:
307:
302:
298:
294:
290:
289:
284:
283:
279:
274:
270:
266:
264:
263:
258:
254:
252:
251:
246:
242:
239:
235:
234:Émile Borel's
231:
230:
227:Early history
226:
224:
220:
213:
210:
206:
205:
200:
197:
193:
191:Shakespeare".
189:
188:
183:
179:
176:
175:
174:
172:
164:
162:
160:
156:
152:
147:
145:
141:
137:
129:
128:almost surely
125:
120:
110:
107:
99:
96:February 2012
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
1911:
1903:
1895:
1886:
1878:
1870:
1856:
1829:
1820:
1809:. Retrieved
1799:
1788:. Retrieved
1784:the original
1774:
1763:. Retrieved
1753:
1742:. Retrieved
1732:
1721:. Retrieved
1711:
1700:. Retrieved
1691:
1680:. Retrieved
1670:
1661:
1652:
1640:
1621:
1607:
1598:
1588:
1574:
1555:
1547:
1532:
1525:XFM archives
1520:
1501:
1489:
1481:
1476:
1464:
1456:the original
1446:
1427:
1417:
1409:
1390:
1380:
1372:
1367:
1348:
1338:
1330:
1321:
1313:
1304:
1285:
1277:
1247:
1231:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1198:
1171:
1098:
1085:
1065:
1056:
1047:
1037:
1033:Web Browser.
1021:
993:
979:
921:
901:
890:
886:
875:
867:
853:
836:
825:
805:
796:
773:
760:
751:
744:
725:
700:
689:
678:
665:
656:
649:
645:
624:
615:
610:
591:
582:
573:
559:
552:
537:
524:
522:
515:
503:The Simpsons
501:
484:
463:
447:
439:
430:
426:On the Beach
424:
409:
405:
400:
382:
373:
351:
341:Michael Ende
327:
297:Samuel Pepys
286:
260:
257:James Jeans'
248:
221:
217:
202:
196:Arts Council
194:In 2003, an
185:
168:
158:
154:
150:
148:
133:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
1807:. Crossfire
1484:, June 1998
1125:Bob Newhart
967:2000 – The
852:1990 – The
830:Milo Manara
812:Shakespeare
790:Video games
765:, Comedian
629:, comedian
584:I Am Weasel
566:running gag
544:Eric Forman
320:short story
301:bowdlerised
271:' essay – “
184:In 2002, a
171:Émile Borel
155:probability
1811:2006-11-09
1790:2006-11-09
1765:2006-11-09
1744:2006-06-13
1723:2019-09-17
1702:2008-09-04
1682:2019-09-17
1191:References
1160:chimpanzee
1150:is called
1148:the Mekons
864:Animal Man
855:Animal Man
783:Adult Swim
650:Tempest FM
604:questions
593:Family Guy
533:Canadian?"
500:1993 – In
486:Doctor Who
399:2023 – In
388:2001 – In
358:David Ives
313:Lin Carter
280:Literature
165:Popularity
144:proverbial
124:chimpanzee
66:newspapers
1144:punk rock
940:released
858:comic by
736:Reliquary
719:Dan Brown
715:Hemingway
692:King Lear
683:episode "
596:episode "
575:Histeria!
506:episode "
489:episode "
432:King Lear
329:Fantastic
1937:Category
1662:GoComics
1629:Archived
1563:Archived
1540:Archived
1510:Archived
1435:Archived
1398:Archived
1356:Archived
1293:Archived
1255:Archived
1179:See also
1129:stand-up
1122:Comedian
1070:Archived
986:webcomic
807:Killzone
648:episode
413:writing.
293:sciences
236:essay –
151:infinity
1881:, 1985.
1333:, 2007.
1097:2015 –
1084:series
1082:YouTube
1064:2011 –
1055:2010 –
1046:2009 –
1036:2009 –
978:2005 –
936:1979 –
883:FoxTrot
847:Dilbert
843:Dogbert
838:Dilbert
824:1981 –
709:or the
383:Century
267:1939 –
259:book –
255:1931 –
247:book –
243:1928 –
232:1913 –
140:popular
80:scholar
1844:
1127:had a
1092:Kirito
913:about
891:Hamlet
887:Hamlet
845:tells
711:Qur'an
525:blurst
478:Hamlet
410:Hamlet
406:Hamlet
375:Hamlet
368:, and
362:Milton
157:, and
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
1314:Wired
1166:from
1146:band
1137:Music
1105:BOINC
1103:is a
981:Goats
707:Bible
606:Peter
495:Tegan
370:Kafka
366:Swift
204:Wired
87:JSTOR
73:books
1842:ISBN
984:, a
969:IETF
826:Fone
602:Lois
474:Ford
418:Film
349:play
159:time
142:and
134:The
59:news
1834:doi
1375:by
1018:MAD
944:'s
872:TPB
600:",
510:",
356:by
339:by
322:by
42:by
1939::
1840:.
1660:.
1597:.
1312:,
1266:^
1170::
841:,
694:."
542:,
520::
468:,
435:".
392:,
364:,
153:,
1864:.
1850:.
1836::
1814:.
1793:.
1768:.
1747:.
1726:.
1705:.
1685:.
1664:.
1615:.
1601:.
1582:.
1242:.
1214:(
1174:.
1026:.
832:.
721:.
620:.
308:.
275:”
240:.
211:.
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.