239:, a portmanteau of malicious software, is any software used to disrupt computer operation, gather sensitive information, or gain access to private computer systems. Malware is defined by its malicious intent, acting against the requirements of the computer user, and does not include software that unintentionally causes harm due to some deficiency. The term badware applies to both malware and unintentionally harmful software.
1918:
650:(VPN) to encrypt communications between their mail servers. Unlike methods that only encrypt a message body, a VPN can encrypt all communication over the connection, including email header information such as senders, recipients, and subjects. However, a VPN does not provide a message signing mechanism, nor can it provide protection for email messages along the entire route from sender to recipient.
36:
586:. The token has built-in computations and manipulates numbers based on the current time. This means that every thirty seconds only a certain array of numbers validate access. The website is made aware of that device's serial number and knows the computation and correct time to verify the number. After 30–60 seconds the device presents a new random six-digit number to log into the website.
712:. Only authorized traffic is allowed to pass through it. Firewalls create checkpoints between networks and computers. Firewalls can block traffic based on IP source and TCP port number. They can also serve as the platform for IPsec. Using tunnel mode, firewalls can implement VPNs. Firewalls can also limit network exposure by hiding the internal network from the public Internet.
602:
messages are composed, delivered, and stored in a multiple step process, which starts with the message's composition. When a message is sent, it is transformed into a standard format according to RFC 2822. Using a network connection, the mail client sends the sender's identity, the recipient list and
345:
Phishing targets online users in an attempt to extract sensitive information such as passwords and financial information. Phishing occurs when the attacker pretends to be a trustworthy entity, either via email or a web page. Victims are directed to web pages that appear to be legitimate, but instead
645:
The first two methods, message signing and message body encryption, are often used together; however, encrypting the transmissions between mail servers is typically used only when two organizations want to protect emails regularly sent between them. For example, the organizations could establish a
699:
controls access to a single computer. A network firewall controls access to an entire network. A firewall is a security device — computer hardware or software — that filters traffic and blocks outsiders. It generally consists of gateways and filters. Firewalls can also screen network traffic and
326:(DoS) or distributed denial-of-service attack (DDoS) is an attempt to make a computer resource unavailable to its intended users. It works by making so many service requests at once that the system is overwhelmed and becomes unable to process any of them. DoS may target
211:
use AI to produce audio and video that seems real but are actually fake, which increases the danger of fraud and false information. Furthermore, traditional risks can be automated and strengthened by AI-driven attacks, making them harder to identify and neutralize.
278:
is a program of usually limited or no benefit, containing malicious payloads, that is sold via unethical marketing practices. The selling approach uses social engineering to cause shock, anxiety, or the perception of a threat, generally directed at an unsuspecting
894:
A promising technology with low production and installation costs, unattended network operation, and autonomous longtime operation. According to research, building a secure
Internet of Things (IoT) should start with securing WSNs ahead of other components.
418:(2FA) and stressing the usage of strong, one-of-a-kind passwords are essential for protecting personal information. Additionally, users need to understand the dangers of oversharing on social media and how crucial it is to change their privacy settings.
1326:
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mechanism – two or more from the following categories: knowledge (something they know), possession (something they have), and inference (something they are). Internet resources, such as websites and email, may be secured using this technique.
421:
It's critical to educate people on how to spot secure websites (search for HTTPS), steer clear of dubious downloads, and use caution when clicking links. Also, users need to be aware of the dangers of utilizing open WiFi networks without a
330:
systems. According to business participants in an international security survey, 25% of respondents experienced a DoS attack in 2007 and another 16.8% in 2010. DoS attacks often use bots (or a botnet) to carry out the attack.
725:
A packet filter processes network traffic on a packet-by-packet basis. Its main job is to filter traffic from a remote IP host, so a router is needed to connect the internal network to the
Internet. The router is known as a
529:
The algorithm allows these sets to work independently without affecting other parts of the implementation. The IPsec implementation is operated in a host or security gateway environment giving protection to IP traffic.
1146:
Yan, Q.; Yu, F. R.; Gong, Q.; Li, J. (2016). "Software-Defined
Networking (SDN) and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks in Cloud Computing Environments: A Survey, Some Research Issues, and Challenges".
790:
application level. A network packet is forwarded only if a connection is established using a known protocol. Application-level gateways are notable for analyzing entire messages rather than individual packets.
372:
A man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack is a type of cyber attack. Cybercriminals can intercept data sent between people to steal, eavesdrop or modify data for certain malicious purposes, such as extorting money and
672:
to digitally sign a message. This method outputs a MAC value that can be decrypted by the receiver, using the same secret key used by the sender. The
Message Authentication Code protects both a message's
857:
is a software application that creates, stores and provides passwords to applications. Password managers encrypt passwords. The user only needs to remember a single master password to access the store.
411:
emails by looking for odd sender addresses, cliched salutations, and language that seems urgent. Both simulated phishing exercises and real-world examples can be incorporated into training programs.
260:
are programs that can replicate their structures or effects by infecting other files or structures on a computer. The typical purpose of a virus is to take over a computer to steal data.
489:(IETF). It provides security and authentication at the IP layer by transforming data using encryption. Two main types of transformation form the basis of IPsec: the
1812:
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Threat
Modeling tools helps you to proactively analyze the cyber security posture of a system or system of systems and in that way prevent security threats.
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is a type of malware that restricts access to the computer system that it infects, and demands a ransom in order for the restriction to be removed.
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refers to programs that surreptitiously monitor activity on a computer system and report that information to others without the user's consent.
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As cyberthreats become more complex, user education is essential for improving internet security. Important areas of attention consist of:
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as a whole. Its objective is to establish rules and measures to use against attacks over the
Internet. The Internet is an inherently
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provides confidentiality by encrypting messages to be transmitted or data files to be stored using an encryption algorithm such as
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307:, is a general term for malware that pretends to be harmless, so that a user will be convinced to download it onto the computer.
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and other components. They also offer theft protection, portable storage device safety check, private
Internet browsing, cloud
582:
Some online sites offer customers the ability to use a six-digit code which randomly changes every 30–60 seconds on a physical
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770:(NAT), which can hide the user's IP address from the Internet, effectively protecting internal information from the outside.
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Encrypting the communications between mail servers to protect the confidentiality of both message body and message header.
485:
IPsec is designed to protect TCP/IP communication in a secure manner. It is a set of security extensions developed by the
292:
malware. Often referred to as keylogging or keyboard capturing, is the action of recording (logging) the keys struck on a
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the message content to the server. Once the server receives this information, it forwards the message to the recipients.
79:
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1775:- Firefox & IE browser extensions that transparently convert a user's password into a domain-specific password.
993:
779:
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886:, a file shredder or make security-related decisions (answering popup windows) and several were free of charge.
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1947:
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915:) introduced the earliest products designed for dealing with online security. Atalla later added its Identikey
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Butun, Ismail (2020). "Security of the
Internet of Things: Vulnerabilities, Attacks, and Countermeasures".
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bugs or flawed authentication checks. Such bugs can give network attackers full control over the computer.
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1122:"101 Data Protection Tips: How to Keep Your Passwords, Financial & Personal Information Safe in 2020"
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937:, the Identikey system was extended to shared-facility operations. It was compatible with various
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628:. Email messages can be protected by using cryptography in various ways, such as the following:
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Proceedings of the 4th
International Symposium on Information and Communication Technologies
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Applications used to access
Internet resources may contain security vulnerabilities such as
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377:. Public WiFi is often insecure because monitoring or intercepting Web traffic is unknown.
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At the National Association of Mutual Savings Banks (NAMSB) conference in January 1976,
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2007:
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944:, and was capable of resetting itself electronically to any one of 64,000 irreversible
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is granted access only after successfully presenting separate pieces of evidence to an
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Emerging cyberthreats are a result of recent technological breakthroughs. For example,
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2017:
1769:-Computer Security Resource Center -Guidelines on Electronic Mail Security, version 2
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1394:"How to extract data from an iCloud account with two-factor authentication activated"
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1327:"Justice Department charges Russian spies and criminal hackers in Yahoo intrusion"
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claimed that phishing accounted for worldwide losses of $ 10.8 billion in 2016.
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Encrypting the message body of an email message to ensure its confidentiality.
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and statically defines what traffic will be allowed. Circuit proxies forward
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attempt to make emails appear to be from legitimate senders, or long complex
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1992:
1960:
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Web browser market share predicts the share of hacker attacks. For example,
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1763:- Information Technology portal with links to computer- and cyber security
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1975:
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835:. A variety of techniques are used, such as signature-based, heuristics,
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are programs that can replicate themselves throughout a computer network.
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the message to ensure its integrity and confirm the sender's identity.
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1094:
Internet Security: Cryptographic Principles, Algorithms and Protocols
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440:
243:
1240:"Characteristics and Responsibilities Involved in a Phishing Attack"
1787:- Broadband Reports, FAQs and forums on Internet security, est 1999
1674:
599:
494:
490:
480:
468:
1302:"Improving Web Application Security: Threats and Countermeasures"
766:. The main advantage of a proxy server is its ability to provide
511:
Security association for policy management and traffic processing
1794:
1370:"Two-factor authentication: What you need to know (FAQ) – CNET"
1238:
van der Merwe, Alta; Loock, Marianne; Dabrowski, Marek (2005).
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can protect a programmable device by detecting and eliminating
501:
services. These protocols can be used alone or in combination.
497:. They provide data integrity, data origin authentication, and
1784:
423:
351:
29:
1916:
1184:"Welke virusscanners zijn het beste voor macOS High Sierra"
730:, which screens packets leaving and entering the network.
1767:
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST.gov)
1761:
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST.gov)
254:
that performs large-scale malicious acts for its creator.
190:
Many methods are used to combat these threats, including
809:
6, which used to lead the market, was heavily attacked.
758:(formatted data) containing a given port number, if the
1352:"Securing the Network Layer Against Malicious Attacks"
866:
Security suites were first offered for sale in 2003 (
346:
route information to the attackers. Tactics such as
2228:
1928:
1828:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1215:Handbook of Information and Communication Security
1064:
955:information. In 1979, Atalla introduced the first
1706:"Four Products for On-Line Transactions Unveiled"
220:Malicious software comes in many forms, such as
1543:"It's Time to Finally Drop Internet Explorer 6"
786:operates at the very top of the OSI model, the
1213:. In Stamp, Mark; Stavroulakis, Peter (eds.).
1806:
8:
1439:Resnick, Peter W. (2001). Resnick, P (ed.).
514:Manual and automatic key management for the
163:for information exchange, with high risk of
1781:- surveying federal Internet security work.
668:(MAC) is a cryptography method that uses a
1813:
1799:
1791:
2357:Security information and event management
1673:
1662:IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials
1452:
1149:IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials
983:Cybersecurity information technology list
750:that operates at the network level of an
708:Firewalls restrict incoming and outgoing
354:hide the actual website. Insurance group
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1718:(4). IDG Enterprise: 3. 26 January 1976.
1500:"What Is a Message Authentication Code?"
250:that have been taken over by a robot or
1031:
1014:Usability of web authentication systems
782:is a third-generation firewall where a
1211:"Phishing attacks and countermeasures"
407:Users should have the ability to spot
2334:Host-based intrusion detection system
1040:"What Is Internet Security? | McAfee"
752:Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model
7:
1565:"Build Your Own Free Security Suite"
1276:"Fraud Insights Through Integration"
58:adding citations to reliable sources
2365:Runtime application self-protection
1246:. Trinity College Dublin: 249–254.
700:block traffic deemed unauthorized.
1274:Long, Mathew (February 22, 2017).
988:Cyberspace Electronic Security Act
475:Internet Protocol Security (IPsec)
288:One particular kind of spyware is
25:
2297:Security-focused operating system
1417:Margaret Rouse (September 2005).
508:Security protocols for AH and ESP
2093:Insecure direct object reference
973:Comparison of antivirus software
907:(founded by Mohamed Atalla) and
34:
2347:Information security management
1647:"Free products for PC security"
999:Internet Crime Complaint Center
890:Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)
487:Internet Engineering Task Force
45:needs additional citations for
1624:. PC World.com. Archived from
1595:. scsccbkk.org. Archived from
911:(founded by George Bunker and
443:protocols may be secured with
1:
1694:– via PISCATAWAY: IEEE.
1590:"USE A FREE PASSWORD MANAGER"
471:for network layer security.
2352:Information risk management
2273:Multi-factor authentication
1829:Related security categories
1773:PwdHash Stanford University
1729:Burkey, Darren (May 2018).
1563:Larkin, Eric (2008-08-26).
1419:"What is a security token?"
768:Network Address Translation
666:Message authentication code
660:Message Authentication Code
654:Message Authentication Code
553:Multi-factor authentication
548:Multi-factor authentication
542:Multi-factor authentication
381:Application vulnerabilities
27:Branch of computer security
2412:
2329:Intrusion detection system
2287:Computer security software
1943:Advanced persistent threat
1684:10.1109/COMST.2019.2953364
1161:10.1109/COMST.2015.2487361
994:Identity driven networking
846:
821:
798:
780:application-level firewall
734:Stateful packet inspection
688:
657:
610:
575:
545:
504:Basic components include:
478:
451:. These protocols include
384:
365:
338:
315:
194:and ground-up engineering.
1914:
1908:Digital rights management
1779:Cybertelecom.org Security
1475:"Virtual Private Network"
1441:"Internet Message Format"
1398:iphonebackupextractor.com
1209:Ramzan, Zulfikar (2010).
1071:. Indianapolis: Que Pub.
774:Application-level gateway
607:Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)
416:two-factor authentication
312:Denial-of-service attacks
147:, web site security, and
2053:Denial-of-service attack
1948:Arbitrary code execution
1731:"Data Security Overview"
1063:Gralla, Preston (2007).
917:hardware security module
590:Electronic mail security
457:Transport Layer Security
368:Man-in-the-middle attack
324:denial-of-service attack
318:Denial-of-service attack
2263:Computer access control
2215:Rogue security software
1878:Electromagnetic warfare
1009:Network security policy
978:Comparison of firewalls
909:Bunker Ramo Corporation
648:virtual private network
151:as it applies to other
2309:Obfuscation (software)
2038:Browser Helper Objects
1922:
1620:Rebbapragada, Narasu.
1477:. NASA. Archived from
1067:How the Internet Works
930:. Designed to process
436:Network layer security
303:, commonly known as a
2396:Web security exploits
2304:Data-centric security
2185:Remote access trojans
1920:
1622:"All-in-one Security"
1278:. RSA. Archived from
744:circuit-level gateway
516:Internet key exchange
491:Authentication Header
467:(PGP) for email, and
139:. It encompasses the
2236:Application security
2130:Privilege escalation
1998:Cross-site scripting
1851:Cybersex trafficking
1822:Information security
1521:"Browser Statistics"
1421:. SearchSecurity.com
1092:Rhee, M. Y. (2003).
762:is permitted by the
691:Firewall (computing)
455:(SSL), succeeded by
453:Secure Sockets Layer
387:Application security
54:improve this article
1883:Information warfare
1841:Automotive security
1628:on October 27, 2010
1358:. October 27, 2020.
1282:on October 20, 2018
924:online transactions
618:Pretty Good Privacy
613:Pretty Good Privacy
465:Pretty Good Privacy
69:"Internet security"
2292:Antivirus software
2160:Social engineering
2125:Polymorphic engine
2078:Fraudulent dialers
1983:Hardware backdoors
1923:
1306:msdn.microsoft.com
960:security processor
905:Atalla Corporation
829:Antivirus software
824:Antivirus software
559:method in which a
449:security protocols
216:Malicious software
167:or fraud, such as
2391:Internet security
2378:
2377:
2340:Anomaly detection
2245:Secure by default
2098:Keystroke loggers
2033:Drive-by download
1921:vectorial version
1888:Internet security
1836:Computer security
1253:978-1-59593-169-6
1224:978-3-642-04117-4
1078:978-0-7897-2132-7
932:bank transactions
843:Password managers
839:, and real-time.
807:Internet Explorer
740:stateful firewall
716:Types of firewall
697:computer firewall
633:Digitally signing
362:Man in the middle
157:operating systems
137:computer security
133:Internet security
130:
129:
122:
104:
18:Internet Security
16:(Redirected from
2403:
2249:Secure by design
2180:Hardware Trojans
2013:History sniffing
2003:Cross-site leaks
1898:Network security
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1188:Virusscanner MAC
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928:network security
919:, and supported
855:password manager
849:Password manager
801:Browser security
728:screening router
258:Computer viruses
246:is a network of
203:Emerging Threats
161:insecure channel
149:network security
145:browser security
125:
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1903:Copy protection
1893:Mobile security
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1523:. W3Schools.com
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1182:Izak, Belarua.
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1004:Internet safety
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862:Security suites
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43:This article
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2314:Data masking
1887:
1873:Cyberwarfare
1741:. Retrieved
1724:
1715:
1709:
1700:
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1661:
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1641:
1630:. Retrieved
1626:the original
1615:
1604:. Retrieved
1597:the original
1584:
1573:. Retrieved
1569:the original
1558:
1547:. Retrieved
1536:
1525:. Retrieved
1515:
1504:. Retrieved
1494:
1483:. Retrieved
1479:the original
1469:
1458:. Retrieved
1444:
1434:
1423:. Retrieved
1412:
1401:. Retrieved
1397:
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1377:. Retrieved
1373:
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1334:. Retrieved
1330:
1321:
1310:. Retrieved
1305:
1296:
1284:. Retrieved
1280:the original
1269:
1257:. Retrieved
1243:
1233:
1217:. Springer.
1214:
1204:
1192:. Retrieved
1187:
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1148:
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1130:. Retrieved
1128:. 2019-12-16
1125:
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1093:
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1066:
1058:
1047:. Retrieved
1043:
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1019:Web literacy
902:
893:
880:anti-spyware
865:
852:
827:
804:
784:proxy server
777:
748:proxy server
737:
724:
707:
704:Web security
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679:authenticity
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581:
555:(MFA) is an
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447:methods and
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402:
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301:Trojan horse
219:
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153:applications
132:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2254:Misuse case
2088:Infostealer
2063:Email fraud
2028:Data breach
1863:Cybergeddon
1738:Micro Focus
1286:October 20,
990:(in the US)
813:Protections
499:anti-replay
461:web traffic
290:key logging
2385:Categories
2319:Encryption
2195:Web shells
2135:Ransomware
2083:Hacktivism
1846:Cybercrime
1675:1910.13312
1632:2010-11-09
1606:2016-06-17
1575:2010-11-09
1549:2010-11-09
1527:2011-08-10
1506:2013-04-20
1485:2014-02-14
1460:2021-05-01
1425:2014-02-14
1403:2016-06-08
1379:2015-10-31
1312:2016-04-05
1190:(in Dutch)
1132:2020-10-23
1049:2021-09-05
1027:References
1021:(Security)
949:algorithms
921:processing
913:Simon Ramo
876:anti-virus
670:secret key
622:Triple DES
595:Background
459:(TLS) for
270:Ransomware
192:encryption
181:ransomware
110:April 2009
80:newspapers
2150:Shellcode
2145:Scareware
1993:Crimeware
1953:Backdoors
1743:21 August
1692:204950321
1259:4 January
1194:4 January
953:card data
946:nonlinear
939:switching
884:anti-spam
872:firewalls
818:Antivirus
764:algorithm
685:Firewalls
493:(AH) and
414:Enabling
276:Scareware
248:computers
209:deepfakes
171:, online
165:intrusion
2324:Firewall
2229:Defenses
2155:Spamming
2140:Rootkits
2113:Phishing
2073:Exploits
1336:15 March
1169:20786481
966:See also
942:networks
788:IP suite
626:CAST-128
409:phishing
341:Phishing
335:Phishing
294:keyboard
169:phishing
141:Internet
2165:Spyware
2108:Payload
2103:Malware
2043:Viruses
2023:Botnets
1930:Threats
962:(NSP).
957:network
899:History
837:rootkit
833:malware
283:Spyware
237:Malware
230:spyware
222:viruses
198:Threats
177:trojans
173:viruses
94:scholar
2359:(SIEM)
2336:(HIDS)
2220:Zombie
1957:Bombs
1938:Adware
1690:
1250:
1221:
1167:
1104:
1075:
935:online
868:McAfee
441:TCP/IP
305:Trojan
244:botnet
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2205:Worms
2200:Wiper
2118:Voice
1966:Logic
1734:(PDF)
1688:S2CID
1670:arXiv
1600:(PDF)
1593:(PDF)
1165:S2CID
1098:Wiley
746:is a
738:In a
600:Email
518:(IKE)
481:IPsec
469:IPsec
279:user.
185:worms
101:JSTOR
87:books
1971:Time
1961:Fork
1745:2019
1374:CNET
1338:2017
1288:2018
1261:2018
1248:ISBN
1219:ISBN
1196:2018
1102:ISBN
1073:ISBN
926:and
760:port
742:the
561:user
352:URLs
183:and
73:news
1976:Zip
1680:doi
1449:doi
1157:doi
778:An
624:or
495:ESP
424:VPN
356:RSA
252:bot
155:or
56:by
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
