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888:
Etymologically, intifada denotes a shaking-off, but in contemporary Arabic, it means an uprising: For instance, a 1952 uprising in Iraq against the
Hashemite monarchy is referred to in Arabic as an intifada. But in English, including in English-language dictionaries and encyclopedias, the word refers
172:, where it was originally chosen to connote "aggressive nonviolent resistance", a meaning it bore among Palestinian students in struggles in the 1980s and which they adopted as less confrontational than terms in earlier militant rhetoric since it bore no nuance of violence. The
255:" is a slogan used to promote worldwide activism in solidarity with the Palestinian resistance. The chant and its associated chants have caused controversy, particularly concerning their impact and connotations. Critics claimed it encourages widespread violence or terrorism.
904:
577:
LIT Verlag Münster, 2003 p.10: 'Der
Begriff der Intifada, der die Vorstellung eines legitimen Ausbebegehrens gegen Unterdrückung enthält, ist gegenwärtig ein Schlüsselbegriff in der arabischen Welt, von dem eine grosse emotionale Anziehungskraft ausgeht.'
1480:
It is being called the
Student Intifada, a grassroots protest movement spreading to different college and university campuses around the country involving students at over a hundred campuses, setting up encampments, occupations and protests
1511:
Anti-Israel activists groups defied
Harvard University warnings that their protest encampment must dissolve under threat of suspension, proclaiming the campus occupation movement a "student intifada" in a press conference on
387:
106:
In
English-language usage, the word primarily refers to Palestinian uprisings against Israeli occupation. While in Arabic-language usage, uprisings globally can be referred to as intifada, including for example, the 1916
1449:
Police cleared a pro-Palestinian tent encampment at George
Washington University on Wednesday after protesters projected a US flag in flames and slogans including "Long live the student intifada" onto a building
204:
carried out by
Palestinian assailants became one of the more prominent features of the Second Intifada and mainly targeted Israeli civilians, contrasting with the relatively less violent nature of the
1391:
549:
583: 'The concept of the Intifada, which contains the idea of a legitimate protest against oppression, is currently a key concept in the Arab world and has a great emotional appeal'
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Mary K.Roberson, 'Birth, Transformation, and Death of
Refugee Identity: Women and Girls of the Intifada,' in Ellen Cole,Esther D Rothblum,Oliva M Espin (eds.)
1650:
1611:
63:
The word intifada was first used in modern times in 1952, when Iraqi parties took to the streets to protest their monarchy, which was known as the
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meaning "to shake", "shake off", "get rid of", as a dog might shrug off water, or as one might shake off sleep, or dirt from one's sandals.
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390:– 2015 escalation in Israeli–Palestinian conflict, sometimes referred to as "Al-Quds Intifada" or "Jerusalem Intifada" or "Knife Intifada"
1426:
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157:
1626:
Fault Lines, the New
Updated Edition: Understanding America's Role in the Middle East and the Circumstances Leading to the Rise of ISIS
1196:"لندن ناقشت أحداث البحرين مع واشنطن وسط مؤشر تحويل النفوذ في الخليج لأميركا - بانوراما - صحيفة الوقت البحرينية - يومية سياسية مستقلة"
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1651:"The Egyptian Uprising: A Case Study in Intifadat and the Difficulty of Lasting Change - the SAIS Review of International Affairs"
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952:في 19 أبريل 1943، بدأت الانتفاضة الأولى ضد النظام النازي On 19 April 1943, the first intifada began against the Nazi regime
263:
In Arabic texts, uprisings anywhere can be referred to using the Arabic word "intifada", including, for example, the 1916
1457:
505:
496:, a series of anti-government protests in several Arab countries starting in late 2019, also known as "Arab Spring 2.0":
378:
Intifada, a period of intensified
Israeli-Palestinian violence, which began in late September 2000 and ended around 2005
88:
1195:
812:
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https://www.dohainstitute.org/en/lists/ACRPS-PDFDocumentLibrary/The_Tunisian_Revolution_An_Analysis_of_Analyses.pdf
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637:"THE 1952 UPRISING IN IRAQ AND REGENT'S ROLE IN ITS CRUSHING (Iraq from al-watba to al-intifāda: 1949 - 1952)"
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or Independence Intifada, demonstrations and riots in Western Sahara, south of Morocco, beginning in May 2005
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word literally meaning, as a noun, "tremor", "shivering", "shuddering". It is derived from an Arabic term
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34:
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464:, a revolutionary wave which began on 18 December 2010 in Tunisia, sometimes referred to as "Intifada":
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between 2000 and 2005, both involving numerous attacks against Israeli civilians and security forces.
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1568:"Looking back, looking forward: inheriting the revolutions of the 'Arab Spring' | openDemocracy"
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525:, an online publication which covers the Israeli–Palestinian conflict from a Palestinian perspective
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1554:"Slippery Slope: Libya and the Lessons of Previous No-Fly Zones | the Washington Institute"
1409:"Hamas-Israel escalation: What we know so far, and whether it could lead to the Third Intifada"
384:, a series of violent acts and attacks in Jerusalem in 2014 sometimes referred to as "Intifada"
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October Revolution, a series of strikes, riots, and demonstrations in Sudan, that ended with
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In English, the word may refer to these events, overwhelmingly in the Arabic-speaking world:
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572:
346:
or "Intifada of Independence", the events in Lebanon after Rafic Hariri's 2005 assassination
343:
189:
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421:, an armed uprising against Saddam Hussein in Iraq, also known as "Iraqi Intifada of 1991"
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368:, a Palestinian uprising against the Israeli occupation lasting from December 1987 to 1993
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primarily to two periods of sustained Palestinian revolt, the First and Second Intifadas.
1151:"Antisemitic incidents have spiked in New York since Hamas attack on Israel, NYPD says"
1106:"Amid terror wave in Israel, New York BDS group calls to 'globalize intifada' at rally"
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415:, an uprising demanding a return to democratic rule, also known as the "1990s Intifada"
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the dissolution of the Abbud military regime and the beginning of second civilian rule
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322:, a leftist uprising against the British colonial presence in Bahrain in March 1965
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Die Intifada im Ölscheichtum Bahrain: Hintergründe des Aufbegehrens von 1994–1998,
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book 'The French Intifada: how the Arab banlieues are fighting the French state,'
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1427:"Pro-Palestinian protesters project 'student intifada' slogan onto university"
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Sharif Kanana, 'Women in the Legends of the Intifada,' in Suha Sabbagh (ed.),
161:
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A Quiet Revolution: The First Palestinian Intifada and Nonviolent Resistance,
854:
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531:, slogan that has been used for advocating for global activism in support of
95:, involving both violent and nonviolent methods of resistance, including the
1000:
Refugee Women and Their Mental Health: Shattered Societies, Shattered Lives,
967:
807:
537:
53:
1489:"'Student intifada here to stay': Harvard activists defy suspension threat"
1199:
1532:. Cambridge Middle East Studies. Cambridge University Press. 10 May 2024.
41:
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Civil Uprisings in Modern Sudan: The 'Khartoum Springs' of 1964 and 1985
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refers to major Palestinian uprisings against Israeli control, with the
642:. Institute of Oriental and African Studies, Slovak Academy of Sciences
375:
177:
403:, related to the war and sometimes referred to as the Student Intifada
92:
1458:"Inside the 'Student Intifada': A roundtable with campus organizers"
1124:"Pro-Palestinian NYC Rally Features "Globalize the Intifada" Chants"
328:, against Spanish colonial rule in then Spanish Sahara, in June 1970
1679:"Lebanon protests: Thousands demand 'fall of the regime' in Beirut"
541:
446:, also referred as Third Sahrawi Intifada or simply Third Intifada
1277:"Spatial Transformations in the Lebanese "Independence Intifada""
1583:"The French intifada: The long war between France and its Arabs"
668:"Sovereignty on Borrowed Territory: Sahrawi Identity in Algeria"
185:
1019:
Intifada: The Palestinian Uprising Against Israeli Occupation,
620:
The word intifada means to throw off something that oppresses.
388:
2015–2016 wave of violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
87:
context, it refers to uprising by Palestinian people against
60:. It can be used to refer to an uprising against oppression.
200:
was characterized by a period of heightened violence. The
550:
International Conference on Supporting Palestine Intifada
396:, referred to by some commentators as the Third Intifada
1333:"History Illustrated: The first Intifada against Israel"
934:"في الذكرى الـ80 للانتفاضة ـ هذا ما حدث في "غيتو وارسو""
156:
context, the word refers to attempts to "shake off" the
1388:
NGO: Israeli army has killed 49 children since October
196:
and its infrastructure in the West Bank and Gaza. The
1665:"Civil Uprisings in Modern Sudan | ResearchGate"
905:"الإيرلنديون يحيون ذكرى انتفاضة الفصح ضد البريطانيين"
1214:"Western Sahara: 44th Anniversary of Zemla Uprising"
764:"Intifadas: What you need to know – DW – 12/07/2017"
401:
2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses
39:
968:"في أسبوع: "القيامة" و"رهبان صبية" وانتفاضة "جيجو""
834:
188:, including the widespread throwing of stones and
1034:The Politics of Mass Violence in the Middle East
1012:Ellen Canterow, 'Beita,' in Zachary Lockman,
8:
1092:Palestinian Women of Gaza and the West Bank,
993:
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672:Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
598:The Encyclopedia of Political Revolutions
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244:occurring between 1987 and 1993 and the
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1036:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
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1730:from the original on 11 February 2021
1095:Indiana University Press, 1998 p.114.
16:Arabic term for uprising or rebellion
7:
1587:The Journal of North African Studies
1360:Marder, Michael (16 November 2021).
863:participating institution membership
737:Beauchamp, Zack (20 November 2018).
661:
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630:
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1456:Alvarez, Maximillian (3 May 2024).
1168:Berridge, W. J. (29 January 2015).
1022:South End Press, 1989 pp.81-98 p.81
595:Jack A. Goldstone (29 April 2015).
579:
296:
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158:Israeli occupation of the West Bank
67:. Other later examples include the
29:
787:Araj, Bader; Brym, Robert J.,
14:
878:"Listen to What They're Chanting"
1501:from the original on 10 May 2024
876:Shulevitz, Judith (8 May 2024).
331:In Lebanese internal conflicts:
1529:Political Repression in Bahrain
1470:from the original on 9 May 2024
1439:from the original on 9 May 2024
1275:Haugbolle, Sune (10 May 2024).
1692:Hadid, Foulath (10 May 2024).
1149:Luke Tress (25 October 2023).
1062:Casemate Publishers, 2009 p.20
1:
1599:10.1080/13629387.2015.1101954
1487:Starr, Michael (7 May 2024).
1425:Makoii, Akhtar (8 May 2024).
454:referred to be the historian
394:2023-present Israel–Hamas war
259:List of events named Intifada
1720:"Children of the repression"
1623:Liebich, Don (24 May 2016).
1581:MacDonald, Megan C. (2016).
502:, nicknamed the Tax Intifada
360:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
238:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
212:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
85:Israeli-Palestinian conflict
813:Online Etymology Dictionary
540:, sometimes considered the
486:2011–2013 Sudanese protests
42:
40:
1801:
1347:"What were the intifadas?"
942:(in Arabic). 19 April 2023
739:"What were the intifadas?"
508:, nicknamed Iraqi Intifada
399:The ongoing international
221:
215:
145:
842:Oxford English Dictionary
544:equivalent to "intifada".
413:1990s uprising in Bahrain
184:, economic boycotts, and
1783:Arabic words and phrases
1695:Iraq's Democratic Moment
1398:. MEMO, 17 February 2016
1307:"Egypt cuts food prices"
1281:The Arab Studies Journal
506:2019–2021 Iraqi protests
480:2011 Egyptian revolution
458:as "the French Intifada"
1698:. Hurst & Company.
1230:(subscription required)
1080:Nation Books 2007 p.208
847:Oxford University Press
794:Encyclopædia Britannica
522:The Electronic Intifada
444:Gdeim Izik protest camp
438:Second Sahrawi Intifada
426:Western Sahara conflict
81:Second Sahrawi Intifada
1032:Robson, Laura (2020).
1003:Routledge, 2013 p.42.
855:10.1093/OED/8307098503
705:"What is an intifada?"
533:Palestinian resistance
529:Globalize the Intifada
488:, or Sudanese Intifada
482:, or Egyptian Intifada
470:, or Tunisian Intifada
432:First Sahrawi Intifada
353:1984 Egyptian intifada
277:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
253:Globalize the Intifada
218:Globalize the Intifada
113:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
77:First Sahrawi Intifada
1463:The Real News Network
1074:Mary Elizabeth King,
500:17 October Revolution
382:2014 Jerusalem unrest
176:was characterized by
148:Iraqi Intifada (1952)
146:Further information:
54:rebellion or uprising
666:Randa Farah (2010).
635:Karol Sorby (2003).
476:, or Yemeni Intifada
419:1991 Iraqi uprisings
236:, in context of the
99:(1987–1993) and the
1349:. 20 November 2018.
1246:"Lebanon Agonistes"
845:(Online ed.).
678:(2). JSTOR: 59–66.
468:Tunisian Revolution
337:(1984), during the
335:February 6 Intifada
58:resistance movement
1494:The Jerusalem Post
1394:2016-02-18 at the
1363:Senses of Upheaval
494:Second Arab Spring
339:Lebanese Civil War
285:انتفاضة غيتو وارسو
89:Israeli occupation
1705:978-1-84904-218-5
1636:978-1-943425-60-0
1539:978-1-108-47143-5
1411:. 7 October 2023.
1373:978-1-83998-228-6
1256:on 5 January 2009
1181:978-1-4725-7402-2
861:(Subscription or
806:Harper, Douglas.
608:978-1-135-93765-2
474:Yemeni Revolution
452:2005 French riots
190:Molotov cocktails
38:
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1759:23 February 2014
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1313:. 2 October 1984
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1155:The Forward
1134:12 November
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462:Arab Spring
154:Palestinian
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1767:Categories
1734:30 January
1450:overnight.
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1223:6 November
909:الجزيرة نت
865:required.)
836:"Intifada"
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162:Gaza Strip
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640:(PDF)
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