Knowledge (XXG)

Intrinsic viscosity

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of spheroids, especially of prolate spheroids. For example, the intrinsic viscosity can provide rough estimates of the number of subunits in a
2194:
Saitô, Nobuhiko (1951-09-15). "The Effect of the Brownian Motion on the Viscosity of Solutions of Macromolecules, I. Ellipsoid of Revolution".
1105:{\displaystyle N\ {\stackrel {\mathrm {def} }{=}}\ {\frac {6}{ab^{2}}}{\frac {\left(a^{2}-b^{2}\right)}{a^{2}J_{\alpha }+b^{2}J_{\beta }}}} 1933:{\displaystyle J_{\beta }^{\prime \prime }=\int _{0}^{\infty }{\frac {x\ dx}{\left(x+b^{2}\right)^{2}{\sqrt {\left(x+a^{2}\right)^{3}}}}}} 672: 1787:{\displaystyle J_{\alpha }^{\prime \prime }=\int _{0}^{\infty }{\frac {x\ dx}{\left(x+b^{2}\right)^{3}{\sqrt {\left(x+a^{2}\right)}}}}} 1648:{\displaystyle J_{\beta }^{\prime }=\int _{0}^{\infty }{\frac {dx}{\left(x+b^{2}\right)^{2}{\sqrt {\left(x+a^{2}\right)^{3}}}}}} 948:{\displaystyle L\ {\stackrel {\mathrm {def} }{=}}\ {\frac {2}{ab^{2}\left(a^{2}+b^{2}\right)}}{\frac {1}{J_{\beta }^{\prime }}}} 1511:{\displaystyle J_{\alpha }^{\prime }=\int _{0}^{\infty }{\frac {dx}{\left(x+b^{2}\right)^{3}{\sqrt {\left(x+a^{2}\right)}}}}} 818:{\displaystyle J\ {\stackrel {\mathrm {def} }{=}}\ K{\frac {J_{\alpha }^{\prime \prime }}{J_{\beta }^{\prime \prime }}}} 1256:{\displaystyle J_{\alpha }=\int _{0}^{\infty }{\frac {dx}{\left(x+b^{2}\right){\sqrt {\left(x+a^{2}\right)^{3}}}}}} 2057: 1381:{\displaystyle J_{\beta }=\int _{0}^{\infty }{\frac {dx}{\left(x+b^{2}\right)^{2}{\sqrt {\left(x+a^{2}\right)}}}}} 80:, which is the ratio of the natural logarithm of the relative viscosity to the mass concentration of the polymer. 2083:
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character
2277: 659:{\displaystyle M\ {\stackrel {\mathrm {def} }{=}}\ {\frac {1}{ab^{4}}}{\frac {1}{J_{\alpha }^{\prime }}}} 2240: 2203: 2158: 2090: 2061: 2045: 73: 2149:
Mehl, J. W.; Oncley, J. L.; Simha, R. (1940-08-09). "Viscosity and the Shape of Protein Molecules".
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is the volume fraction of the solute in the solution. As defined here, the intrinsic viscosity
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Scheraga, Harold A. (1955). "Non‐Newtonian Viscosity of Solutions of Ellipsoidal Particles".
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The intrinsic viscosity formula may also be generalized to include a frequency dependence.
344: 320: 243: 223: 203: 55: 24: 303: 163:{\displaystyle \left=\lim _{\phi \rightarrow 0}{\frac {\eta -\eta _{0}}{\eta _{0}\phi }}} 2244: 2207: 2162: 2094: 1999: 1979: 1959: 1118: 404: 384: 2120:
Simha, R. (1940). "The Influence of Brownian Movement on the Viscosity of Solutions".
2271: 2170: 2033: 2053: 269: 2260: 2223: 2178: 2157:(2380). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS): 132–133. 2141: 2112: 2060:. A practical method for the determination of intrinsic viscosity is with a 1953: 50: 2186: 2103: 2078: 369:
are deciliters per gram (dL/g), otherwise known as inverse concentration.
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It is possible to generalize the intrinsic viscosity formula from
722:{\displaystyle K\ {\stackrel {\mathrm {def} }{=}}\ {\frac {M}{2}}} 308: 2079:"The motion of ellipsoidal particles immersed in a viscous fluid" 2044:. More generally, intrinsic viscosity can be used to assay 1817: 1814: 1678: 1675: 1538: 1408: 938: 808: 805: 790: 787: 649: 401:(i.e., the semiaxis of revolution) and equatorial semiaxes 268:
is a dimensionless number. When the solute particles are
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is (dynamic or kinematic) viscosity of the solution and
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fiber composed of a helical array of proteins such as
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at infinite dilution, the intrinsic viscosity equals
246: 226: 206: 179: 92: 58: 27: 2008: 1988: 1968: 1932: 1786: 1647: 1510: 1380: 1255: 1127: 1104: 947: 817: 721: 658: 558: 413: 393: 361: 329: 294: 260: 232: 212: 192: 162: 64: 41: 2032:The intrinsic viscosity is very sensitive to the 108: 200:is the viscosity in the absence of the solute, 49:is a measure of a solute's contribution to the 341:, g/dL), and the units of intrinsic viscosity 2128:(1). American Chemical Society (ACS): 25–34. 16:Measure of solute's contribution to viscosity 8: 2202:(5). Physical Society of Japan: 297–301. 2102: 2001: 1981: 1961: 1919: 1908: 1890: 1884: 1873: 1840: 1834: 1829: 1813: 1808: 1802: 1768: 1751: 1745: 1734: 1701: 1695: 1690: 1674: 1669: 1663: 1634: 1623: 1605: 1599: 1588: 1561: 1555: 1550: 1537: 1532: 1526: 1492: 1475: 1469: 1458: 1431: 1425: 1420: 1407: 1402: 1396: 1362: 1345: 1339: 1328: 1301: 1295: 1290: 1277: 1271: 1242: 1231: 1213: 1202: 1176: 1170: 1165: 1152: 1146: 1120: 1093: 1083: 1070: 1060: 1044: 1031: 1020: 1011: 998: 980: 979: 974: 972: 971: 963: 937: 932: 923: 909: 896: 881: 868: 850: 849: 844: 842: 841: 833: 804: 799: 786: 781: 775: 754: 753: 748: 746: 745: 737: 709: 691: 690: 685: 683: 682: 674: 648: 643: 634: 625: 612: 594: 593: 588: 586: 585: 577: 539: 515: 491: 449: 429: 421:, the intrinsic viscosity can be written 406: 386: 346: 322: 282: 280: 245: 225: 205: 184: 178: 148: 136: 123: 111: 91: 57: 26: 2196:Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 313:IUPAC definition for intrinsic viscosity 337:is usually solute mass concentration ( 2064:or with a RheoSense VROC viscometer. 7: 2089:(715). The Royal Society: 161–179. 2052:intrinsic viscosity is related to 1835: 1696: 1556: 1426: 1296: 1171: 987: 984: 981: 857: 854: 851: 761: 758: 755: 698: 695: 692: 601: 598: 595: 83:Intrinsic viscosity is defined as 14: 2122:The Journal of Physical Chemistry 76:. It should not be confused with 2239:(8). AIP Publishing: 1526–1532. 569:where the constants are defined 2233:The Journal of Chemical Physics 481: 463: 295:{\displaystyle {\frac {5}{2}}} 115: 1: 377:Generalizing from spheres to 1944:General ellipsoidal formulae 373:Formulae for rigid spheroids 2171:10.1126/science.92.2380.132 2299: 193:{\displaystyle \eta _{0}} 2077:Jeffery, G. B. (1922). 381:with an axial semiaxis 317:In practical settings, 2104:10.1098/rspa.1922.0078 2010: 1990: 1970: 1934: 1788: 1649: 1512: 1382: 1257: 1129: 1106: 949: 819: 723: 660: 560: 415: 395: 363: 331: 314: 296: 262: 234: 214: 194: 164: 66: 43: 2058:Mark–Houwink equation 2011: 1991: 1971: 1935: 1789: 1650: 1513: 1383: 1258: 1135:coefficients are the 1130: 1107: 950: 820: 724: 661: 561: 416: 396: 364: 362:{\displaystyle \left} 332: 330:{\displaystyle \phi } 312: 297: 263: 261:{\displaystyle \left} 235: 233:{\displaystyle \phi } 215: 213:{\displaystyle \eta } 195: 165: 67: 65:{\displaystyle \eta } 44: 42:{\displaystyle \left} 2062:Ubbelohde viscometer 2046:quaternary structure 2020:Frequency dependence 2000: 1980: 1960: 1801: 1662: 1525: 1395: 1270: 1145: 1119: 962: 832: 736: 673: 576: 428: 405: 385: 345: 321: 302:, as shown first by 279: 244: 224: 204: 177: 90: 56: 25: 2245:1955JChPh..23.1526S 2208:1951JPSJ....6..297S 2163:1940Sci....92..132M 2134:10.1021/j150397a004 2095:1922RSPSA.102..161J 1839: 1821: 1700: 1682: 1560: 1542: 1430: 1412: 1300: 1175: 942: 812: 794: 653: 20:Intrinsic viscosity 2216:10.1143/jpsj.6.297 2006: 1986: 1966: 1930: 1825: 1804: 1784: 1686: 1665: 1645: 1546: 1528: 1508: 1416: 1398: 1378: 1286: 1253: 1161: 1125: 1102: 945: 928: 815: 795: 777: 719: 656: 639: 556: 411: 391: 359: 327: 315: 292: 258: 230: 210: 190: 160: 122: 78:inherent viscosity 62: 39: 2253:10.1063/1.1742341 2050:polymer chemistry 2009:{\displaystyle c} 1989:{\displaystyle b} 1969:{\displaystyle a} 1928: 1925: 1848: 1782: 1779: 1709: 1643: 1640: 1506: 1503: 1376: 1373: 1251: 1248: 1137:Jeffery functions 1128:{\displaystyle J} 1100: 1018: 997: 992: 970: 943: 921: 867: 862: 840: 813: 771: 766: 744: 717: 708: 703: 681: 654: 632: 611: 606: 584: 547: 523: 499: 457: 414:{\displaystyle b} 394:{\displaystyle a} 290: 158: 107: 2290: 2264: 2227: 2190: 2145: 2116: 2106: 2015: 2013: 2012: 2007: 1995: 1993: 1992: 1987: 1975: 1973: 1972: 1967: 1939: 1937: 1936: 1931: 1929: 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2021: 2018: 2005: 1985: 1965: 1956:with semiaxes 1945: 1942: 1941: 1940: 1922: 1917: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1900: 1896: 1887: 1882: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1865: 1861: 1854: 1851: 1845: 1837: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1819: 1816: 1811: 1807: 1795: 1794: 1777: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1760: 1756: 1748: 1743: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1726: 1722: 1715: 1712: 1706: 1698: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1680: 1677: 1672: 1668: 1656: 1655: 1637: 1632: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1615: 1611: 1602: 1597: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1580: 1576: 1569: 1566: 1558: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1531: 1519: 1518: 1501: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1484: 1480: 1472: 1467: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1450: 1446: 1439: 1436: 1428: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1401: 1389: 1388: 1371: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1354: 1350: 1342: 1337: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1320: 1316: 1309: 1306: 1298: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1280: 1276: 1264: 1263: 1245: 1240: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1223: 1219: 1211: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1194: 1190: 1184: 1181: 1173: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1155: 1151: 1124: 1113: 1112: 1096: 1092: 1086: 1082: 1078: 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1947: 1136: 1114: 568: 376: 338: 316: 172: 82: 19: 18: 2034:axial ratio 2272:Categories 2068:References 2054:molar mass 1954:ellipsoids 2283:Viscosity 2261:0021-9606 2224:0031-9015 2179:0036-8075 2142:0092-7325 2113:0950-1207 1950:spheroids 1836:∞ 1827:∫ 1818:′ 1815:′ 1810:β 1697:∞ 1688:∫ 1679:′ 1676:′ 1671:α 1557:∞ 1548:∫ 1539:′ 1534:β 1427:∞ 1418:∫ 1409:′ 1404:α 1297:∞ 1288:∫ 1279:β 1172:∞ 1163:∫ 1154:α 1095:β 1072:α 1038:− 939:′ 934:β 809:′ 806:′ 801:β 791:′ 788:′ 783:α 650:′ 645:α 476:− 436:η 379:spheroids 353:η 325:ϕ 252:η 228:ϕ 208:η 182:η 155:ϕ 146:η 134:η 130:− 127:η 116:→ 113:ϕ 98:η 60:η 51:viscosity 33:η 2187:17730219 74:solution 2241:Bibcode 2204:Bibcode 2159:Bibcode 2151:Science 2091:Bibcode 2042:tubulin 2038:protein 273:spheres 2259:  2222:  2185:  2177:  2140:  2111:  2048:. In 1847:  1708:  996:  969:  866:  839:  770:  743:  707:  680:  610:  583:  173:where 270:rigid 72:of a 2257:ISSN 2220:ISSN 2183:PMID 2175:ISSN 2138:ISSN 2109:ISSN 1996:and 1115:The 2249:doi 2212:doi 2167:doi 2130:doi 2099:doi 2087:102 109:lim 2274:: 2255:. 2247:. 2237:23 2235:. 2218:. 2210:. 2198:. 2181:. 2173:. 2165:. 2155:92 2153:. 2136:. 2126:44 2124:. 2107:. 2097:. 2085:. 2081:. 2016:. 1976:, 545:15 455:15 306:. 2263:. 2251:: 2243:: 2226:. 2214:: 2206:: 2200:6 2189:. 2169:: 2161:: 2144:. 2132:: 2115:. 2101:: 2093:: 2004:c 1984:b 1964:a 1921:3 1916:) 1910:2 1906:a 1902:+ 1899:x 1895:( 1886:2 1881:) 1875:2 1871:b 1867:+ 1864:x 1860:( 1853:x 1850:d 1844:x 1831:0 1823:= 1806:J 1776:) 1770:2 1766:a 1762:+ 1759:x 1755:( 1747:3 1742:) 1736:2 1732:b 1728:+ 1725:x 1721:( 1714:x 1711:d 1705:x 1692:0 1684:= 1667:J 1636:3 1631:) 1625:2 1621:a 1617:+ 1614:x 1610:( 1601:2 1596:) 1590:2 1586:b 1582:+ 1579:x 1575:( 1568:x 1565:d 1552:0 1544:= 1530:J 1500:) 1494:2 1490:a 1486:+ 1483:x 1479:( 1471:3 1466:) 1460:2 1456:b 1452:+ 1449:x 1445:( 1438:x 1435:d 1422:0 1414:= 1400:J 1370:) 1364:2 1360:a 1356:+ 1353:x 1349:( 1341:2 1336:) 1330:2 1326:b 1322:+ 1319:x 1315:( 1308:x 1305:d 1292:0 1284:= 1275:J 1244:3 1239:) 1233:2 1229:a 1225:+ 1222:x 1218:( 1210:) 1204:2 1200:b 1196:+ 1193:x 1189:( 1183:x 1180:d 1167:0 1159:= 1150:J 1123:J 1091:J 1085:2 1081:b 1077:+ 1068:J 1062:2 1058:a 1052:) 1046:2 1042:b 1033:2 1029:a 1024:( 1013:2 1009:b 1005:a 1001:6 988:f 985:e 982:d 976:= 966:N 930:J 926:1 917:) 911:2 907:b 903:+ 898:2 894:a 889:( 883:2 879:b 875:a 871:2 858:f 855:e 852:d 846:= 836:L 797:J 779:J 773:K 762:f 759:e 756:d 750:= 740:J 715:2 712:M 699:f 696:e 693:d 687:= 677:K 641:J 637:1 627:4 623:b 619:a 615:1 602:f 599:e 596:d 590:= 580:M 554:N 550:) 542:1 537:( 533:+ 530:M 526:) 521:3 518:1 513:( 509:+ 506:L 502:) 497:3 494:2 489:( 485:+ 482:) 479:L 473:K 470:+ 467:J 464:( 460:) 452:4 447:( 443:= 439:] 433:[ 409:b 389:a 356:] 350:[ 339:c 288:2 285:5 255:] 249:[ 186:0 150:0 138:0 119:0 105:= 101:] 95:[ 36:] 30:[

Index

viscosity
solution
inherent viscosity
rigid
spheres
Albert Einstein

spheroids
spheroids
ellipsoids
axial ratio
protein
tubulin
quaternary structure
polymer chemistry
molar mass
Mark–Houwink equation
Ubbelohde viscometer
"The motion of ellipsoidal particles immersed in a viscous fluid"
Bibcode
1922RSPSA.102..161J
doi
10.1098/rspa.1922.0078
ISSN
0950-1207
doi
10.1021/j150397a004
ISSN
0092-7325
Bibcode

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