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249:. When the hydrates are heated, they decompose, and water vapour is released, which has a cooling effect. Once the water is spent, the insulation characteristics of the char that remains can retard heat transfer through the fire stop assembly.
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653:
Xu, Deng and Lang (January 2020). "Flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of transparent intumescent fire-retardant coatings reinforced with layered double hydroxides".
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The details for individual building parts are specified in technical standards which are compiled and published by national or international standardization bodies like the
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310:, and silicone. Melamine-formaldehyde resin systems have been used using layered double-hydroxide modified phosphate esters that improved the intumescent properties.
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and interior fireproofing in particular. The small, orange chunk on the bottom right is capable of growing into the large black object above and to its left.
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219:, thus retarding heat transfer. Typically the light char consists of microporous carbonaceous foam formed by a chemical reaction of three main components:
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Some intumescent materials are susceptible to environmental influences such as humidity, which can reduce or negate their ability to function.
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Werle, Peter; Morawietz, Marcus; Lundmark, Stefan; Sörensen, Kent; Karvinen, Esko; Lehtonen, Juha (2008). "Alcohols, Polyhydric".
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In this picture, the flame has been removed after the thin-film intumescent spray fireproofing product has completely expanded.
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ASTM E 2786 - 2010 Standard Test
Methods for Measuring Expansion of Intumescent Materials Used in Firestop and Joint Systems
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600:"Intumescent coatings using epoxy, alkyd, acrylic, silicone and silicone-epoxy hybrid resins for steel fire protection"
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306:. Reviews of the technology are available. They may be based on a number of resin binders including
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American
Chemical Society: Fire Retardancy of Polypropylene Composites Using Intumescent Coatings
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to fill the gap left in the middle of the fire stop assembly left by the melting plastic pipe.
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Intumescent coatings for steel constructions must be approved in standardized fire tests.
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in their installed configurations in order to comply with the national building codes and
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692:"The proof is in the fire" Chemical Innovation Magazine, American Chemical Society
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Intumescent coatings may be designed for protection of metals from fire, such as
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refers to the process of swelling. Intumescent materials are typically used in
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Soft char products are typically used in thin film intumescent materials for
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Low pressure intumescent resin: This product is suitable for use in
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Cardoso, de Sa, Beraldo, Hidalgo and
Ferreira (November 2020).
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National
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in which applications it is necessary to exert expansion
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covered with a thin-film intumescent spray fireproofing
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553:"Intumescent coatings: A review on recent progress"
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
245:Ablative coatings contain a significant amount of
27:Substance that swells as a result of heat exposure
1231:Penetrant (mechanical, electrical, or structural)
463:Penetrant (mechanical, electrical, or structural)
551:Puri, Ravindra G.; Khanna, A. S. (2017-01-01).
519:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
193:International Organization for Standardization
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638:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
211:These intumescent materials produce a light
148:substance is one that swells as a result of
655:Journal of Coatings Technology and Research
604:Journal of Coatings Technology and Research
557:Journal of Coatings Technology and Research
1039:Hypoxic air technology for fire prevention
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189:American Society for Testing and Materials
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280:. These products are suitable for use in
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
757:Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion
1403:Listing and approval use and compliance
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468:Listing and approval use and compliance
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1448:Society of Fire Protection Engineers
140:is a familiar example of intumescence
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185:German Institute for Standardization
152:exposure, leading to an increase in
58:adding citations to reliable sources
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170:listing, approval, and compliance
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1080:Vehicle fire suppression system
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382:Intumescent gasketing used in
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1430:Institution of Fire Engineers
1387:Fire Safety Evaluation System
1059:Personal protective equipment
528:10.1002/14356007.a01_305.pub2
272:Harder char is produced with
215:which is a poor conductor of
1501:GHS precautionary statements
1339:Manual fire alarm activation
502:Merriam-Webster Dictionary,
1372:Fire protection engineering
1304:Explosive gas leak detector
1121:Electromagnetic door holder
954:External water spray system
181:British Standards Institute
1648:
1548:Harry C. Bigglestone Award
939:Automatic fire suppression
879:K-factor (fire protection)
667:10.1007/s11998-019-00249-8
617:10.1007/s11998-020-00366-9
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1454:Underwriters Laboratories
1289:Aspirating smoke detector
949:Detonation flame arrester
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569:10.1007/s11998-016-9815-3
1398:Kitchen exhaust cleaning
1314:Fire alarm control panel
1294:Carbon monoxide detector
1271:Standpipe (firefighting)
1034:Gaseous fire suppression
799:Enthalpy of vaporization
506:, accessed 13 March 2023
1241:Pressurisation ductwork
1206:Firewall (construction)
1054:Passive fire protection
1004:Fire suppression system
522:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
423:Passive fire protection
384:passive fire protection
337:passive fire protection
166:passive fire protection
1417:Industry organizations
1382:Fire-resistance rating
1261:Smoke exhaust ductwork
1236:Penetration (firestop)
1226:Packing (firestopping)
934:Active fire protection
894:Spontaneous combustion
478:Black snake (firework)
408:Fire-resistance rating
221:ammonium polyphosphate
141:
1569:Template:Firefighting
1543:Arthur B. Guise Medal
1496:GHS hazard statements
999:Fire sprinkler system
979:Fire-retardant fabric
135:
1353:Professions, trades,
1266:Smokeproof enclosure
1126:Electromagnetic lock
834:Flammability diagram
745:Fundamental concepts
298:Intumescent coatings
54:improve this article
1309:Fire alarm call box
1216:Heat and smoke vent
339:in general, and in
1281:Fire alarm systems
1096:Annulus (firestop)
1024:Flashback arrestor
989:Fire-safe polymers
984:Fire retardant gel
839:Flammability limit
142:
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1522:Safety data sheet
1517:List of S-phrases
1512:List of R-phrases
1408:Sprinkler fitting
1299:Circuit integrity
1171:Fire extinguisher
1009:Firefighting foam
904:Thermal radiation
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43:This article
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1491:Flame spread
1377:Fireproofing
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1256:Smoke damper
1246:Safety glass
1181:Fire hydrant
1146:Fire curtain
1106:Booster pump
1065:Relief valve
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1029:Fusible link
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814:Fire control
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64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1211:Grease duct
1166:Fire escape
1156:Fire damper
1049:Intumescent
994:Fire safety
959:Fire bucket
854:Flash point
563:(1): 1–20.
448:Endothermic
187:(DIN), the
183:(BSI), the
146:intumescent
138:marshmallow
1621:Categories
1508:(NFPA 101)
1471:CE marking
1324:Fire drill
927:Technology
824:Fire point
809:Fire class
789:Detonation
490:References
136:A charred
80:newspapers
1632:Firestops
1627:Materials
1464:Standards
1393:Fire test
1221:Occupancy
1186:Fire pump
1176:Fire hose
1161:Fire door
1141:Exit sign
1116:Crash bar
889:Pyrolysis
884:Pool fire
849:Flashover
804:Explosive
752:Backdraft
675:199473315
626:220375908
585:138961125
577:1935-3804
428:Firestops
403:Fire test
388:fire door
288:firestops
268:Hard char
240:acrylates
207:Soft char
1593:Category
1557:See also
1486:EN 16034
1196:Firestop
1151:Fire cut
874:Jet fire
864:Gas leak
780:(HAZMAT)
763:Boilover
483:Starlite
458:Graphite
396:See also
314:Problems
292:pressure
278:graphite
247:hydrates
229:melamine
1605:Commons
1438:(NCEES)
759:(BLEVE)
413:Hydrate
322:Gallery
282:plastic
237:styrene
195:(ISO).
158:density
94:scholar
1536:Awards
1450:(SFPE)
1444:(NFPA)
1426:(FEMA)
1389:(FSES)
673:
624:
583:
575:
534:
386:, for
227:, and
154:volume
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1527:UL 94
1481:EN 54
1432:(IFE)
1061:(PPE)
671:S2CID
622:S2CID
581:S2CID
433:Putty
308:epoxy
202:Types
101:JSTOR
87:books
1476:EN 3
1456:(UL)
640:link
573:ISSN
532:ISBN
356:Pipe
285:pipe
276:and
217:heat
213:char
174:laws
150:heat
73:news
663:doi
612:doi
565:doi
524:doi
264:.
144:An
56:by
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669:.
659:17
657:.
636:}}
632:{{
620:.
608:17
606:.
602:.
579:.
571:.
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559:.
555:.
530:.
242:.
223:,
176:.
160:.
730:e
723:t
716:v
677:.
665::
642:)
628:.
614::
587:.
567::
540:.
526::
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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