Knowledge (XXG)

Iñupiat

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1473: 1693: 1938: 514:. In 1993, the federal government extended federal recognition to Alaskan Natives tribes. Tribal governments created avenues for tribes to contract with the federal government to manage programs that directly benefit Native peoples. Throughout Inupiat lands, there are various regional and village tribal governments. The tribal governments vary in structure and services provided, but often are related to the social well-being of the communities. Services included but are not limited to education, housing, tribal services, and supporting healthy families and cultural connection to place and community. 1832: 2044: 1646: 320: 3837: 1357:, Alaska, an Iñupiaq language immersion school called Nikaitchuat Iḷisaġviat was established in 1998. The immersion school's mission is to "instill the knowledge of Iñupiaq identity, dignity, respect and to cultivate a love of lifelong learning". June Nelson Elementary school is another school in Kotzebue that is working to include more content into their curriculum about Iñupiaq language and culture. Nome Elementary School in 461: 43: 110: 1679:, yet the values resonate with and have been articulated similarly by other Iñupiat communities. These values include: respect for elders, hard work, hunter's success, family roles, humor, respect for nature, knowledge of family tree, respect for others, sharing, love for children, cooperation, avoid conflict, responsibility to tribe, humility, and spirituality. 1581:
shed their underlayer of fur and it is spun into wool to make scarves, hats, and gloves. The use of the animal's hides and fur have kept Inupiat warm throughout the harsh conditions of their homelands, as many of the materials provide natural waterproof or windproof qualities. Other animal parts that
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Prior to colonization, the Inupiat exercised sovereignty based on complex social structures and order. Despite the transfer of land from Russia to the U.S. and eventual annexation of Alaska, Inupiat sovereignty continues to be articulated in various ways. A limited form of this sovereignty has been
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are also utilized as Native expressions of art or tools. The use of these sensitive materials are inline with the practice of utilizing the gifts from the animals that are subsisted. There are protective policies on the harvesting of walrus and whales. The harvest of walrus solely for the use of
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A major value within subsistence hunting is the utilization of the whole catch or animal. This is demonstrated in the utilization of the hides to turn into clothing, as seen with seal skin, moose and caribou hides, polar bear hides. Fur from rabbits, beaver, marten, otter, and squirrels are also
483:. The purpose of the regional corporations were to create institutions in which Native Alaskans would generate venues to provide services for its members, who were incorporated as "shareholders". Three regional corporations are located in the lands of the Inupiat. These are the following. 1737:, and other traditional foods as it changes the migration patterns of marine mammals that rely on iceflows and the thinning sea ice can result in people falling through the ice; warmer winters make travel more dangerous and less predictable as more storms form; later-forming 1667:
is a spring whaling festival among Inupiat. The festival celebrates traditional whale hunting and honors the whale's spirit as it gave its physical body to feed entire villages. The whale's spirit is honored by dance groups from across the North performing songs and dances.
361:) (e.g., She is an Iñupiaq), which also sometimes refers to the language (e.g., She speaks Iñupiaq). In English, both Inupiat and Iñupiaq are used as modifiers (e.g., An Inupiat/Iñupiaq librarian, Inupiat/Iñupiaq songs). The language is called 1376:
Since 2017, a grassroots group of Iñupiaq language learners have organized Iḷisaqativut, a two-week Iñupiaq language intensive that is held throughout communities in the Inupiaq region. The first gathering was held in
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in south-central Alaska. Because of the oil drilling in Alaska's arid north, however, the traditional way of whaling is coming into conflict with one of the modern world's most pressing demands: finding more oil.
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epidemic introduced by American and European whaling crews, most of these people moved to the coast or other parts of Alaska between 1890 and 1910. A number of Nunamiut returned to the mountains in the 1930s.
1569:. The vitamin C content of meats is destroyed by cooking, so consumption of raw meats and these vitamin-rich foods contributes to good health in a population with limited access to fruits and vegetables. 1392:
Kawerak, a nonprofit organization from the Bering Strait region, has created a language glossary that features terms from Iñupiaq, as well as terms from English, Yup'ik, and St. Lawrence Island Yupik.
1346:. Within Iñupiatun, there are four major dialects: North Slope, Malimiut, Bering Straits, and Qawiaraq. Before European contact, the Iñupiaq dialects flourished. Due to harsh assimilation efforts in 1553:
are allocated according to a traditional formula. Even city-dwelling relatives, thousands of miles away, are entitled to a share of each whale killed by the hunters of their ancestral village.
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recognized by Federal Indian Law, which outlines the relationship between the federal government and American Indians. The Federal Indian Law recognized Tribal governments as having limited
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The Iditarod National Historic Trail/ Seward to Nome Route: A Comprehensive Management Plan, March 1986. Prepared by Bureau of Land Management, Anchorage District Office, Anchorage, Alaska.
1495:. Inupiat continue to rely heavily on subsistence hunting and fishing. Depending on their location, they harvest walrus, seal, whale, polar bears, caribou, and fish. Both the inland ( 644: 3569: 1660:
Historically, some Inupiat lived in sedentary communities, while others were nomadic. Some villages in the area have been occupied by Indigenous groups for more than 10,000 years.
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Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 105
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These values serve as guideposts of how Inupiat are to live their lives. They inform and can be derived from Iñupiaq subsistence practices.
4347: 480: 1749:, a group representing indigenous peoples of the Arctic, has made the case that climate change represents a threat to their human rights. 476: 309: 3037: 1350:, Natives were punished for speaking their language. Now only 2,000 of the approximately 24,500 Inupiat can speak their Native tongue. 3515:
Chance, N.A., and Yelena Andreeva. "Sustainability, Equity, and Natural Resource Development in Northwest Siberia and Arctic Alaska."
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As of the 2000 U.S. Census, the Inupiat population in the United States numbered more than 19,000. Most of them live in Alaska.
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offers multiple levels of Elementary Iñupiaq Language and Alaskan Native language apprenticeship and fluency intensive courses.
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The Inupiat eat a variety of berries and when mixed with tallow, make a traditional dessert. They also mix the berries with
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utilized to adorn clothing for warmth. These hides and furs are used to make parkas, mukluks, hats, gloves, and slippers.
4121: 1614: 1009: 816: 1831: 348:) is the plural form of the name for the people (e.g., the Inupiat live in several communities.). The singular form is 2641:
Anders, Gary (1986). "Incompatible Goals in Unconventional Organization: The Politics of Alaska Native Corporations".
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have differing names depending on the region it is spoken in. In Northern Alaskan, the Inuit language is called
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Raising Young Children in an Alaskan Iñupiaq Village; The Family, Cultural, and Village Environment of Rearing
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ivory is highly looked down upon as well as prohibited by federal law with lengthy and costly punishments.
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along the coast as there is an increase in fall storms, directly imperiling many coastal villages. The
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Several Inupiat developed pictographic writing systems in the early twentieth century. It is known as
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A Summary of Kinship Forms and Terminologies Found Among the Inupiaq Speaking People of Alaska
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Revitalization efforts have focused on Alaskan Native languages and ways of life. Located in
4362: 3970: 3849: 3845: 3339: 3045: 3019: 2987: 2650: 2535: 2224: 2048: 1949: 1927: 1895: 1879: 1855: 1789: 1676: 1481: 1449:, a village in north-central Alaska. Some of the Nunamiut remained nomadic until the 1950s. 1386: 1354: 1108: 850: 829: 772: 762: 657: 430: 374: 357: 344: 169: 165: 31: 2600: 1415:. Circa 300 B.C., the Thule migrated from islands in the Bering Sea to what now is Alaska. 3802: 3792: 3782: 3198: 2834: 2491: 2284: 2199: 2193: 2125: 1969: 1961: 1919: 1911: 1863: 1797: 1773: 1549:
benefits each member of an Inupiat community, as the animal is butchered and its meat and
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the language and the people, extend borders and dialects across the Circumpolar North.
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Prehistoric cultural relations between the Arctic and Temperate zones of North America
2351: 4341: 4080: 3960: 3797: 3787: 3774: 3662: 3604: 2662: 2102: 2089: 2017: 1977: 1887: 1871: 1726: 1558: 1535: 1461: 1215: 892: 871: 785: 423: 201: 152: 2332: 4020: 3935: 3714: 2523: 2441: 2289: 2246: 2234: 2187: 2083: 1985: 1598: 1531: 1515: 1382: 1358: 1301: 1280: 277: 181: 3364: 1378: 3121: 2583: 2570: 2405: 2155:(born 1969), mixed media artist of Iñupiaq, Athabascan, German and Irish heritage 391: 4276: 4136: 3814: 3807: 3709: 3614: 3609: 2258: 2232:(1911–1976), advocate for Alaska Native land claims, writer, and founder of the 2229: 2137: 1618: 1582:
have been utilized are the walrus intestines that are made into dance drums and
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and other resources have been an important revenue source for the Inupiat. The
4040: 3982: 3903: 3866: 3624: 2163: 1539: 1511: 1434: 397: 281: 3199:"Record Low Bering Sea Ice Causes 'Natural Disaster' for Alaskan Communities" 2746: 2704: 2549: 2540: 2069:(born 1977), Iñupiaq marathon runner and expert mountaineer on Season Two on 4166: 3858: 3836: 3724: 2146: 1664: 1650: 1610: 1566: 1438: 362: 119: 4093: 3681: 3389: 2973:"Vitamin C in the Diet of Inuit Hunters From Holman, Northwest Territories" 2092:(née Delutuk; 1898–1983), lived for two years as a castaway on uninhabited 109: 3252: 2913:"Native nonprofit publishes language glossary in English, Inupiaq, Yup'ik" 2261:(born 1987), TV personality, producer and actress, known for her roles on 4171: 4161: 4050: 4045: 4035: 3917: 2300: 2181: 2134:(born 1941) advocate for Alaska Native rights and U.S. politician; author 1730: 1630: 1527: 1496: 1424: 436: 2991: 1445:
By 1950, most Nunamiut groups, such as the Killikmiut, had coalesced in
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are the Native inhabitants of Northern Alaska, Canada, and Greenland.
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is threatening their traditional lifestyle. The warming trend in the
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There is one Iñupiaq culture-oriented institute of higher education,
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is a list of values that define Inupiat. It was created by elders in
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Iñupiatun Uqaluit Taniktun sivuninit = Iñupiaq to English dictionary
2123:, profiled in the National Geographic documentary television series 71:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 2866: 4055: 4030: 3987: 3930: 3766: 3704: 3599: 2835:"Alaska Native Studies (AKNS) < University of Alaska Anchorage" 2313: 2042: 1936: 1830: 1691: 1644: 1590: 1584: 1546: 1519: 1471: 1408: 1335: 1329: 459: 318: 197: 2939:
Whales, Ice and Men: The History of Whaling in the Western Arctic
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The acculturation of the contemporary Eskimo of Wainwright Alaska
2211:(born 1989), singer-songwriter of Iñupiaq and Swinomish heritage 1721:
affects their lifestyle in numerous ways, for example: thinning
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This article is about the ethnic group. For their language, see
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The Inupiat and Arctic Alaska: An Ethnology of Development.
2172:(born 1944), Iñupiaq linguist, anthropologist and educator 450:
Iñupiat (Taġiuġmiut, people of the sea, or Siḷaliñiġmiut)
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whose traditional territory roughly spans northeast from
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Inupiat have grown more concerned in recent years that
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Native Village of Barrow Inupiat Traditional Government
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Canada, Inuit Circumpolar Council (10 December 2003).
2509:"PEOPLE OF KAUWERAK – Legends of the Northern Eskimo" 418:
The Inupiat are made up of the following communities
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The Alaska Native Reader: History, Culture, Politics
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for the Inupiat are recognized by the United States
327:) with bowhead whale bones, Point Hope, Alaska, 1885 4296: 4259: 4216: 4200: 4193: 4147: 4107: 4075: 4068: 4006: 3953: 3880: 3857: 3844: 3773: 3697: 3648: 3590: 2482:"Inupiaq (Inupiat)—Alaska Native Cultural Profile." 258: 244: 236: 220: 211: 191: 175: 159: 141: 131: 2971:Geraci, Joseph R.; Smith, Thomas G. (June 1979). 2310:, a video game featuring Iñupiaq arts and culture 2178:(1949–1996), Alaska state legislator and educator 312:. They often claim to be the first people of the 2267:and Native Shorts, a talk show supported by the 365:in Inupiatun and frequently in English as well. 3273:"One dead in vehicle collision near North Pole" 2442:"Alaska Natives Peoples Native Indians Eskimos" 1369:offers several course in the Iñupiaq language. 2524:"The Names Eskimo, Inuit, and Inupiaq/Inupiat" 3751: 3563: 3068:"In Alaska's Far North, Two Cultures Collide" 1464:Athabaskan American Indians and the Inupiat. 1456:'s antecedents were the native trails of the 8: 2243:(1933–2020), sculptor, silversmith, educator 2161:, writer, director and filmmaker, known for 2080:, dog musher, pilot and motivational speaker 102: 2223:, Team USA athlete, 4-time medalist in the 308:; and sixteen villages affiliated with the 4197: 4072: 3854: 3758: 3744: 3736: 3570: 3556: 3548: 2495:National Network of Libraries of Medicine. 2477: 2475: 2473: 527: 101: 2539: 87:Learn how and when to remove this message 2723:MacLean, Edna Ahgeak (15 October 2014). 323:Semi-underground men's community house ( 3477:. West, CT: Bergin & Garvey, 2002. 2681:Williams, Maria Sháa Tláa, ed. (2009). 2325: 1411:groups, the Iñupiaq originate from the 2676: 2674: 2672: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2346: 2344: 2105:(1904–1982), educator, poet and writer 1741:contributes to increased flooding and 1561:and other whales, is rich in vitamins 208: 3092: 3090: 2718: 2716: 2714: 373: 356: 343: 7: 3179:International Arctic Research Center 1756:Iñupiat Nunaat (Iñupiat territories) 1233:Bering Straits Regional Corporation 1187:Bering Straits Regional Corporation 824:Bering Straits Regional Corporation 481:Alaskan Native Regional Corporations 477:Alaskan Native Claims Settlement Act 142:Regions with significant populations 3505:Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1990. 2460:"Inupiaq – Festival of Native Arts" 2190:, first female magistrate in Alaska 2117:(born 1989), podcaster and producer 1725:makes it more difficult to harvest 1557:, which is the skin and blubber of 310:Bering Straits Regional Corporation 272:(singular: Iñupiaq) are a group of 3491:Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1966. 2941:. University of Washington Press. 1429:a generic term for inland Iñupiaq 1317:Bering Straits Native Corporation 1296:Bering Straits Native Corporation 1275:Bering Straits Native Corporation 1254:Bering Straits Native Corporation 1210:Arctic Slope Regional Corporation 1166:Bering Straits Native Corporation 1145:Bering Straits Native Corporation 1103:Bering Straits Native Corporation 1082:Bering Straits Native Corporation 1040:Arctic Slope Regional Corporation 1017:Arctic Slope Regional Corporation 929:Bering Straits Native Corporation 908:Bering Straits Native Corporation 780:Arctic Slope Regional Corporation 757:Bering Straits Native Corporation 715:Bering Straits Native Corporation 694:Bering Straits Native Corporation 652:Arctic Slope Regional Corporation 609:Arctic Slope Regional Corporation 25: 4239:Bering Straits Native Corporation 4229:Arctic Slope Regional Corporation 3532:, Kikiktagruk Inupiat Corporation 3066:Mouawad, Jad (December 4, 2007). 633:Arctic Slope Regional Corporation 493:Bering Straits Native Corporation 488:Arctic Slope Regional Corporation 464:Iñupiaq high-kickball, ca. 1910, 302:Arctic Slope Regional Corporation 292:(Iñupiaq lands), including seven 27:Indigenous people of Alaska, U.S. 3835: 2522:Tabbert, Russell (1 June 1989). 2140:, politician and founder of the 2111:(born 1989), Olympic snowboarder 1348:Native American boarding schools 1248:Native Village of White Mountain 952:Arctic Slope Native Corporation 688:Native Village of Brevig Mission 284:to the northernmost part of the 108: 41: 3544:, Alaska Native Language Center 3175:"Alaska's Changing Environment" 2784:Edmison, Nicole (20 May 2021). 2204:Alaska House of Representatives 1418:Iñupiaq groups, in common with 4282:Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated 2911:Davis, Kyle (8 October 2021). 2807:Phillips, JoJo (22 May 2020). 1371:University of Alaska Anchorage 1367:University of Alaska Fairbanks 923:Native Village of Mary's Igloo 821:King Island Native Corporation 1: 2356:Alaska Native Language Center 1506:The inland Inupiat also hunt 1184:Unalakleet Native Corporation 3579:Indigenous peoples of Alaska 3146:"Our Values / NWABSD Values" 3126:Sitnasuak Native Corporation 3042:Fish & Wildlife Services 2202:, politician, member of the 2132:William L. Iggiagruk Hensley 1637:and boil them into a syrup. 1433:hunters. During a period of 1385:) in 2018, and Qikiqtaġruk ( 1181:Native Village of Unalakleet 1100:Shismaref Native Corporation 1097:Native Village of Shishmaref 1076:Native Village of Shaktoolik 1010:Native Village of Point Hope 817:King Island Native Community 777:Kaktovik Inupiat Corporation 540:Native Regional Corporation 517:The following Alaska Native 4348:Alaska Native ethnic groups 3489:The Eskimo of North Alaska. 3249:National Geographic Channel 2937:Bockstoce, John R. (1978). 2569:Frederick A. Milan (1959), 2047:Map of Alaska highlighting 1941:Map of Alaska highlighting 1835:Map of Alaska highlighting 1522:. The coastal Inupiat hunt 1363:University of Alaska system 1033:Native Village of Point Lay 286:Canada–United States border 67:the claims made and adding 4379: 3038:"Marine Mammal Management" 2729:University of Alaska Press 2655:10.1177/017084068600700301 2058: 1594:, traditional skin boats. 1118:Native Village of Shungnak 860:Native Village of Kotzebue 839:Native Village of Kivalina 730:Native Village of Deering 667:Native Village of Buckland 537:Native Village Corporation 433:Inupiat (Qawiaraq Inupiat) 29: 4322: 4249:NANA Regional Corporation 4224:Alaska Native corporation 4208:Inuit Circumpolar Council 3833: 2815:. Knom Radio Mission, Inc 2142:Inuit Circumpolar Council 1952:has the following cities 1846:has the following cities 1764:has the following cities 1747:Inuit Circumpolar Council 1163:Teller Native Corporation 1055:Native Village of Selawik 945:Native Village of Nuiqsut 751:Native Village of Diomede 709:Native Village of Council 625:Native Village of Atqasuk 602:Village of Anaktuvuk Pass 498:NANA Regional Corporation 196: 180: 164: 146: 136: 107: 4117:Inuit Nunangat ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᑦ 3394:Tuzzy Consortium Library 3340:"Andrew Okpeaha MacLean" 3315:"Andrew Okpeaha MacLean" 2582:Johnson Reprint (1962), 2541:10.1179/nam.1989.37.1.79 2273:First Nations Experience 2072:Ultimate Survival Alaska 1943:Northwest Arctic Borough 1844:Northwest Arctic Borough 1689:, located in Utqiaġvik. 1160:Native Village of Teller 988:Noorvik Native Community 967:Native Village of Noatak 578:Native Village of Ambler 523:Bureau of Indian Affairs 306:Northwest Arctic Borough 118:with a small child at a 114:Iñupiaq woman sharing a 4267:Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami 4244:Cook Inlet Region, Inc. 3536:Iñupiat Heritage Center 3466:Heinrich, Albert Carl. 2617:"Building for Tomorrow" 2606:Retrieved 26 July 2012. 2316:, men's community house 2109:Callan Chythlook-Sifsof 1621:wells with the port of 1476:An Inupiat family from 1397:Alaskan Picture Writing 1269:Chinik Eskimo Community 1226:Native Village of Wales 902:Native Village of Koyuk 881:Native Village of Kobuk 863:Kikiktagruk Corporation 795:Native Village of Kiana 405:meaning "real people". 2839:catalog.uaa.alaska.edu 2253:Kenneth Utuayuk Toovak 2159:Andrew Okpeaha MacLean 2061:List of American Inuit 2051: 1945: 1839: 1705: 1657: 1649:Blanket toss during a 1484: 1480:, 1929, photograph by 1311:Native Village of Elim 534:Native tribal entities 472: 328: 300:, affiliated with the 3538:, North Slope Borough 2687:Duke University Press 2507:William A. Oquilluk. 2497:Retrieved 4 Dec 2013. 2464:fna.community.uaf.edu 2338:Retrieved 4 Dec 2013. 2059:Further information: 2046: 1940: 1834: 1695: 1648: 1475: 1293:Sitnasuak Corporation 1290:Nome Eskimo Community 1203:Village of Wainwright 649:Ukpeagvik Corporation 479:established thirteen 463: 456:Regional corporations 322: 304:; eleven villages in 192:Related ethnic groups 3808:Proto-Inuit language 3290:"Alice Qannik Glenn" 3277:Alaska Dispatch News 3156:on December 21, 2017 3098:"Iñupiat Ilitqusiat" 2643:Organization Studies 2586:via books.google.com 2573:via books.google.com 2485:www.nnlm.nlm.nih.gov 2153:Sonya Kelliher-Combs 2086:(born 1967), actress 1990:Siqnazuaq, Sitŋasuaq 1786:Utqiaġvik, Ukpiaġvik 1635:highbush cranberries 1597:The walrus tusks of 1577:is also gathered as 1381:in 2017, Siqnasuaq ( 1207:Olgoonik Corporation 606:Nunamiut Corporation 468:, collection of the 147:North and northwest 4272:Makivik Corporation 4234:Calista Corporation 4122:Inuvialuit Nunangit 2992:10.14430/arctic2611 2917:Alaska Public Media 2788:. KTOO Public Media 2765:www.kotzebueira.org 2604:Alaska Native Arts. 2170:Edna Ahgeak MacLean 2078:John Baker (musher) 2014:Tala, Iġaluŋniaġvik 1932:Isiŋnaq, Nuurviuraq 1837:North Slope Borough 1770:Anaqtuuvak, Naqsraq 1762:North Slope Borough 1014:Tikiġaq Corporation 629:Atqasuk Corporation 426:Inupiat (Sivunmiut) 298:North Slope Borough 104: 3530:The Inupiat People 3519:1995, vol. 23 (2) 3501:Chance, Norman A. 3487:Chance, Norman A. 3365:"d g nanouk opkik" 3245:"Channel Homepage" 2813:Knom Radio Mission 2490:2014-08-21 at the 2269:Sundance Institute 2264:Flying Wild Alaska 2184:(1906–1952), actor 2115:Alice Qannik Glenn 2052: 1958:Sitaisaq, Sinauraq 1946: 1924:Siilvik, Akuligaq 1840: 1706: 1673:Iñupiat Ilitqusiat 1658: 1601:and the baleen of 1485: 1155:Tala/Iġaluŋniaġvik 1139:Village of Solomon 596:Anaqtuuvak/Naqsraq 512:self-determination 505:Tribal Governments 473: 448:North Alaska Coast 444:Inupiat (Malimiut) 329: 52:possibly contains 4335: 4334: 4292: 4291: 4189: 4188: 4064: 4063: 3733: 3732: 3473:Sprott, Julie E. 3369:Poetry Foundation 2738:978-1-60-223234-1 2727:. Fairbanks, AK: 2696:978-0-82-234465-0 2446:alaskatrekker.com 2297:, Messenger Feast 2241:Ronald Senungetuk 1860:Nunatchiaq, Kaŋiq 1698:Iḷisaġvik College 1687:Iḷisaġvik College 1655:Utqiaġvik, Alaska 1609:Since the 1970s, 1545:The capture of a 1407:Along with other 1321: 1320: 1124:NANA Corporation 1061:NANA Corporation 1050:Akuliġaq/Siiḷivik 1037:Cully Corporation 994:NANA Corporation 973:NANA Corporation 887:NANA Corporation 866:NANA Corporation 845:NANA Corporation 801:NANA Corporation 736:NANA Corporation 683:Sitaisaq/Sinauraq 673:NANA Corporation 466:Utqiaġvik, Alaska 401:"real", i.e., an 375:[iɲupiɐk] 358:[iɲupiɑq] 345:[iɲupiɐt] 266: 265: 231: 216: 215:"person" / "land" 207: 206: 124:Utqiaġvik, Alaska 97: 96: 89: 54:original research 16:(Redirected from 4370: 4198: 4094:Nunavut (Alaska) 4073: 3855: 3839: 3760: 3753: 3746: 3737: 3676: 3572: 3565: 3558: 3549: 3455: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3436: 3430: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3411: 3405: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3386: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3361: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3336: 3330: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3311: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3286: 3280: 3270: 3264: 3263: 3261: 3260: 3251:. Archived from 3241: 3235: 3234: 3232: 3231: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3210: 3195: 3189: 3188: 3186: 3185: 3171: 3165: 3164: 3162: 3161: 3152:. Archived from 3142: 3136: 3135: 3133: 3132: 3118: 3112: 3111: 3109: 3108: 3102:www.ankn.uaf.edu 3094: 3085: 3082: 3076: 3075: 3063: 3057: 3056: 3054: 3053: 3044:. Archived from 3034: 3028: 3027: 3016: 3010: 3009: 3007: 3006: 3000: 2994:. Archived from 2977: 2968: 2962: 2959: 2953: 2952: 2934: 2928: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2899: 2898: 2884: 2878: 2877: 2875: 2874: 2865:. Archived from 2855: 2849: 2848: 2846: 2845: 2831: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2804: 2798: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2781: 2775: 2774: 2772: 2771: 2757: 2751: 2750: 2720: 2709: 2708: 2678: 2667: 2666: 2638: 2632: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2613: 2607: 2598: 2587: 2580: 2574: 2567: 2561: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2543: 2519: 2513: 2512: 2504: 2498: 2479: 2468: 2467: 2456: 2450: 2449: 2438: 2432: 2431: 2420: 2414: 2413: 2402: 2396: 2395: 2393: 2392: 2383:. Archived from 2373: 2367: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2348: 2339: 2333:"Inuit-Inupiaq." 2330: 2225:Paralympic Games 2049:Nome Census Area 2039: 2031: 2023: 2015: 2007: 1999: 1991: 1983: 1975: 1967: 1959: 1950:Nome Census Area 1933: 1925: 1917: 1909: 1901: 1893: 1885: 1877: 1876:Katyaak, Katyaaq 1869: 1861: 1853: 1827: 1819: 1811: 1803: 1795: 1787: 1779: 1771: 1677:Kotzebue, Alaska 1542:also is hunted. 1489:hunter-gatherers 1482:Edward S. Curtis 1306:Nivviaqhchauġluq 773:Kaktovik Village 662:Nunatchiaq/Kaŋiq 585:NANA Corporation 528: 442:Northwest Arctic 431:Seward Peninsula 377: 372: 360: 355: 347: 342: 294:Alaskan villages 226: 214: 209: 132:Total population 112: 105: 92: 85: 81: 78: 72: 69:inline citations 45: 44: 37: 32:Inupiaq language 21: 4378: 4377: 4373: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4368: 4367: 4338: 4337: 4336: 4331: 4318: 4288: 4255: 4212: 4185: 4143: 4103: 4060: 4002: 3949: 3876: 3848: 3840: 3831: 3769: 3764: 3734: 3729: 3693: 3682:Central Alaskan 3672: 3668:Alutiiq–Sugpiaq 3644: 3640:Upper Kuskokwim 3586: 3583:Tribal entities 3576: 3526: 3463: 3461:Further reading 3458: 3448: 3446: 3440:"Native Shorts" 3438: 3437: 3433: 3423: 3421: 3413: 3412: 3408: 3398: 3396: 3388: 3387: 3383: 3373: 3371: 3363: 3362: 3358: 3348: 3346: 3338: 3337: 3333: 3323: 3321: 3313: 3312: 3308: 3298: 3296: 3294:Pulitzer Center 3288: 3287: 3283: 3279:, July 29, 2014 3271: 3267: 3258: 3256: 3243: 3242: 3238: 3229: 3227: 3222: 3221: 3217: 3208: 3206: 3197: 3196: 3192: 3183: 3181: 3173: 3172: 3168: 3159: 3157: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3130: 3128: 3120: 3119: 3115: 3106: 3104: 3096: 3095: 3088: 3083: 3079: 3065: 3064: 3060: 3051: 3049: 3036: 3035: 3031: 3018: 3017: 3013: 3004: 3002: 2998: 2975: 2970: 2969: 2965: 2960: 2956: 2949: 2936: 2935: 2931: 2921: 2919: 2910: 2909: 2905: 2896: 2894: 2886: 2885: 2881: 2872: 2870: 2857: 2856: 2852: 2843: 2841: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2818: 2816: 2806: 2805: 2801: 2791: 2789: 2783: 2782: 2778: 2769: 2767: 2759: 2758: 2754: 2739: 2722: 2721: 2712: 2697: 2680: 2679: 2670: 2640: 2639: 2635: 2625: 2623: 2615: 2614: 2610: 2599: 2590: 2581: 2577: 2568: 2564: 2554: 2552: 2521: 2520: 2516: 2506: 2505: 2501: 2492:Wayback Machine 2480: 2471: 2458: 2457: 2453: 2440: 2439: 2435: 2422: 2421: 2417: 2404: 2403: 2399: 2390: 2388: 2375: 2374: 2370: 2360: 2358: 2350: 2349: 2342: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2285:Baleen basketry 2281: 2200:Josiah Patkotak 2194:dg nanouk okpik 2126:Life Below Zero 2121:Agnes Hailstone 2063: 2057: 2055:Notable Inupiat 2037: 2029: 2021: 2013: 2005: 1997: 1989: 1981: 1973: 1965: 1957: 1931: 1923: 1915: 1907: 1899: 1891: 1883: 1875: 1867: 1859: 1851: 1825: 1817: 1809: 1801: 1793: 1785: 1777: 1769: 1758: 1711: 1643: 1615:Alaska Pipeline 1499:) and coastal ( 1470: 1405: 1340:Inuit languages 1326: 704:Akauchak/Kaułiq 519:tribal entities 507: 458: 453: 416: 411: 370: 353: 340: 334: 251: 225: 213: 127: 100: 93: 82: 76: 73: 58: 46: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4376: 4374: 4366: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4340: 4339: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4329: 4323: 4320: 4319: 4317: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4300: 4298: 4297:Notable people 4294: 4293: 4290: 4289: 4287: 4286: 4285: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4263: 4261: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4253: 4252: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4220: 4218: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4210: 4204: 4202: 4195: 4191: 4190: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4183: 4176: 4175: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4153: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4142: 4141: 4140: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4113: 4111: 4105: 4104: 4102: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4089:Iñupiat Nunaat 4085: 4083: 4070: 4066: 4065: 4062: 4061: 4059: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4012: 4010: 4008:Transportation 4004: 4003: 4001: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3979: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3957: 3955: 3951: 3950: 3948: 3947: 3946: 3945: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3921: 3914: 3907: 3897: 3892: 3886: 3884: 3878: 3877: 3875: 3874: 3869: 3863: 3861: 3852: 3842: 3841: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3829: 3824: 3823: 3822: 3820:Throat singing 3812: 3811: 3810: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3779: 3777: 3771: 3770: 3765: 3763: 3762: 3755: 3748: 3740: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3701: 3699: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3691: 3690: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3678: 3677: 3660: 3654: 3652: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3596: 3594: 3588: 3587: 3577: 3575: 3574: 3567: 3560: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3539: 3533: 3525: 3524:External links 3522: 3521: 3520: 3517:Human Ecology. 3513: 3499: 3485: 3471: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3456: 3431: 3406: 3381: 3356: 3331: 3306: 3281: 3265: 3236: 3215: 3190: 3166: 3137: 3113: 3086: 3077: 3072:New York Times 3058: 3029: 3011: 2963: 2954: 2947: 2929: 2903: 2879: 2850: 2826: 2799: 2776: 2752: 2737: 2710: 2695: 2685:. Durham, NC: 2668: 2649:(3): 213–233. 2633: 2608: 2588: 2575: 2562: 2514: 2499: 2469: 2451: 2433: 2415: 2410:www.kstrom.net 2397: 2368: 2340: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2318: 2317: 2311: 2303: 2298: 2292: 2287: 2280: 2277: 2276: 2275: 2256: 2250: 2244: 2238: 2227: 2221:Shirley Reilly 2218: 2215:Ryan Redington 2212: 2209:Katherine Paul 2206: 2197: 2191: 2185: 2179: 2176:Eileen MacLean 2173: 2167: 2156: 2150: 2144: 2135: 2129: 2118: 2112: 2106: 2100: 2094:Wrangel Island 2087: 2081: 2075: 2056: 2053: 2026:White Mountain 1954:Brevig Mission 1766:Anaktuvuk Pass 1757: 1754: 1727:bowhead whales 1715:climate change 1710: 1709:Current issues 1707: 1702:Lisa Murkowski 1696:Students from 1642: 1639: 1603:bowhead whales 1538:. Cautiously, 1536:bowhead whales 1493:Arctic peoples 1491:, as are most 1478:Noatak, Alaska 1469: 1466: 1454:Iditarod Trail 1447:Anaktuvuk Pass 1404: 1401: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1298: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1277: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1256: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1239:White Mountain 1235: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1223: 1212: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1200: 1189: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1168: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1147: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1126: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1105: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1084: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1063: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1042: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1030: 1019: 1018: 1015: 1012: 1007: 996: 995: 992: 989: 986: 975: 974: 971: 968: 965: 954: 953: 950: 947: 942: 931: 930: 927: 924: 921: 910: 909: 906: 903: 900: 889: 888: 885: 882: 879: 868: 867: 864: 861: 858: 847: 846: 843: 840: 837: 826: 825: 822: 819: 814: 803: 802: 799: 796: 793: 782: 781: 778: 775: 770: 759: 758: 755: 752: 749: 738: 737: 734: 731: 728: 717: 716: 713: 710: 707: 696: 695: 692: 689: 686: 679:Brevig Mission 675: 674: 671: 668: 665: 654: 653: 650: 647: 642: 636: 635: 630: 627: 622: 611: 610: 607: 604: 599: 592:Anaktuvuk Pass 588: 587: 582: 579: 576: 565: 564: 562:Doyon, Limited 559: 556: 555:Alatna Village 553: 542: 541: 538: 535: 532: 506: 503: 502: 501: 495: 490: 457: 454: 452: 451: 445: 439: 434: 427: 420: 415: 412: 410: 407: 333: 330: 290:Iñupiat Nunaat 274:Alaska Natives 264: 263: 260: 256: 255: 246: 242: 241: 238: 234: 233: 222: 218: 217: 205: 204: 194: 193: 189: 188: 178: 177: 173: 172: 162: 161: 157: 156: 144: 143: 139: 138: 134: 133: 129: 128: 113: 98: 95: 94: 49: 47: 40: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4375: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4345: 4343: 4328: 4325: 4324: 4321: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4304:United States 4302: 4301: 4299: 4295: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4269: 4268: 4265: 4264: 4262: 4258: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4226: 4225: 4222: 4221: 4219: 4215: 4209: 4206: 4205: 4203: 4199: 4196: 4194:Organisations 4192: 4182: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4159: 4158: 4155: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4146: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4119: 4118: 4115: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4106: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4071: 4067: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4005: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3963: 3962: 3959: 3958: 3956: 3952: 3944: 3943: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3926: 3922: 3920: 3919: 3915: 3913: 3912: 3908: 3906: 3905: 3901: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3879: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3838: 3828: 3825: 3821: 3818: 3817: 3816: 3813: 3809: 3806: 3805: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3761: 3756: 3754: 3749: 3747: 3742: 3741: 3738: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3696: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3675: 3671: 3670: 3669: 3666: 3665: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3647: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3589: 3584: 3580: 3573: 3568: 3566: 3561: 3559: 3554: 3553: 3550: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3527: 3523: 3518: 3514: 3512: 3511:0-03-032419-X 3508: 3504: 3500: 3498: 3497:0-03-057160-X 3494: 3490: 3486: 3484: 3483:0-313-01347-0 3480: 3476: 3472: 3469: 3465: 3464: 3460: 3445: 3441: 3435: 3432: 3420: 3416: 3415:"Ariel Tweto" 3410: 3407: 3395: 3391: 3390:"Howard Rock" 3385: 3382: 3370: 3366: 3360: 3357: 3345: 3341: 3335: 3332: 3320: 3316: 3310: 3307: 3295: 3291: 3285: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3269: 3266: 3255:on 2018-07-02 3254: 3250: 3246: 3240: 3237: 3226: 3219: 3216: 3204: 3200: 3194: 3191: 3180: 3176: 3170: 3167: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3141: 3138: 3127: 3123: 3117: 3114: 3103: 3099: 3093: 3091: 3087: 3081: 3078: 3073: 3069: 3062: 3059: 3048:on 2019-10-04 3047: 3043: 3039: 3033: 3030: 3025: 3021: 3015: 3012: 3001:on 2018-08-19 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2974: 2967: 2964: 2958: 2955: 2950: 2944: 2940: 2933: 2930: 2918: 2914: 2907: 2904: 2893: 2889: 2883: 2880: 2869:on 2019-10-22 2868: 2864: 2860: 2854: 2851: 2840: 2836: 2830: 2827: 2814: 2810: 2803: 2800: 2787: 2780: 2777: 2766: 2762: 2756: 2753: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2711: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2677: 2675: 2673: 2669: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2637: 2634: 2622: 2618: 2612: 2609: 2605: 2602: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2579: 2576: 2572: 2566: 2563: 2551: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2518: 2515: 2510: 2503: 2500: 2496: 2493: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2470: 2465: 2461: 2455: 2452: 2447: 2443: 2437: 2434: 2429: 2425: 2424:"IC_Lateral2" 2419: 2416: 2411: 2407: 2401: 2398: 2387:on 2017-08-29 2386: 2382: 2378: 2372: 2369: 2357: 2353: 2347: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2334: 2329: 2326: 2320: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2308: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2265: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2236: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2165: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2127: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2103:Ticasuk Brown 2101: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2090:Ada Blackjack 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2073: 2068: 2067:Eddie Ahyakak 2065: 2064: 2062: 2054: 2050: 2045: 2041: 2035: 2027: 2019: 2011: 2003: 1995: 1987: 1979: 1971: 1963: 1955: 1951: 1944: 1939: 1935: 1929: 1921: 1913: 1905: 1897: 1889: 1881: 1873: 1865: 1857: 1849: 1845: 1838: 1833: 1829: 1823: 1815: 1807: 1799: 1791: 1783: 1775: 1767: 1763: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1708: 1703: 1700:with 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