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palm. Such obtrusive measurement methods were rendering continuous physiological monitoring impractical and were undercutting the aim of affective computing to understand human emotions. For instance, EDA palm sensing precluded affective monitoring when the subjects’ hands were at work, like in driving. To address these issues, Pavlidis designed contactless physiological measurement methods, which he operationalized by replacing sensors with thermal imaging trackers, and electronic devices with thermo-physiological models. His models were estimating heart (2001-2008), breath (2004-2010), and EDA signals (2009-2012) by operating on imagery of facial vasculature, the nostrils, and the perinasal region, respectively. The latter was also a significant discovery, as the existence of facial EDA responses was unknown up to that time.
480:, Pavlidis carried out naturalistic deception studies with unwired participants who chose freely to deceive interviewers, if they thought it would help an issue dear to them, but knowing if their deception failed, their issue would suffer. This was an unprogrammed, high stakes behavior, producing real-life `fight or flight’ responses. Pavlidis and colleagues showed that pointed questions startle deceptive subjects, increasing their periorbital blood flow. This finding linked errant human communication with unnecessary ocular activation – a bio-evolutionary remnant of `fight or flight’ responses in physical danger.
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In more recent work, Pavlidis demonstrated that a portion of the driving population exhibits significant stress responses even in trivial acceleration events, such as stop-and-go traffic - a phenomenon he termed `accelarousal'. Accelarousal is likely associated with genetic predisposition and is now
520:
can still manage driving subconsciously, by `hijacking’ the hand-eye feedback loop and counterbalancing tremors; this is not possible for texting drivers, with eyes intermittently on the road. In the latter case, failure to counter-balance the effect of tremors leads to lane deviations. This finding
191:
credit
Pavlidis as the "first who postulated the idea of performing physiological measurements on the face, which later demonstrated through analysis of facial thermal videos." Pavlidis went on to develop several contactless thermo-physiological measurement methods that found applications in emotion
341:
In 2009, Pavlidis reported progress on his third and final objective – a thermal imaging method to measure EDA responses on the face. Pavlidis placed emphasis on modeling and validating the phenomenon itself in his first paper on the matter. After he documented the existence of facial EDA, Pavlidis
319:
to estimate subjects’ emotional arousal levels. Heart and breathing functions also happen to be vital signs used in health care. Conventionally, heart and breathing functions were measured with tethered body sensors, while EDA was measured with galvanic skin response (GSR) sensors attached to the
489:
article on the topic put the new affective computing methods on the map and deeply influenced research on deceptive behaviors. In the aftermath of his publications, the deception detection literature moved from obtrusive sensors and heuristics to unobtrusive sensors and computational algorithms.
198:
provide a detailed account of these new methods and
Pavlidis' key role in their development. Pavlidis is also credited with the design of influential naturalistic studies in deceptive behaviors and driving distractions, which he conducted using the technical methods he developed earlier.
465:
Ioannis
Pavlidis demonstrated that innovative affective computing methods must be employed within naturalistic research designs to deliver on their promise of understanding the human state. His studies approached humans as complex systems, unraveling the intricacies of the
331:
and IEEE EMBS, respectively. In the 2005 CVPR, Pavlidis and his colleagues followed up with an imaging method for contactless measurement of pulsation. The evolution of the contactless pulse and breath measurement methods culminated with
Pavlidis’
314:
In research between 2000 and 2012, Pavlidis developed contactless physiological measurements, impacting affective computing and personal health informatics. Affective computing has been relying on heart function, breathing function, and
1731:
516:, showed that both absent-minded driving and texting while driving generate `fight or flight’ related hand-tremors. The difference, however, is that with eyes constantly on the road, the absent-minded drivers’
323:
Pavlidis first articulated his ideas for contactless, continuous, and automated physiological measurements in the paper `Continuous physiological monitoring', which appeared in the 2003
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Tsiamyrtzis, Panagiotis; Dowdall, Jonathan; Shastri, Dvijesh; Pavlidis, Ioannis; Frank, Mark; Ekman, Paul (February 2007). "Imaging facial physiology for the detection of deceit".
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Shastri, Dvijesh; Papadakis, Manos; Tsiamyrtzis, Panagiotis; Bass, Barbara; Pavlidis, Ioannis (May 2012). "Perinasal imaging of physiological stress and its affective potential".
351:
Since then, contactless physiological monitoring has been finding an increasing number of applications in personal health informatics. For instance, during the COVID-19 pandemic,
348:,describing two computational methods to remotely measure facial EDA - one method was based on image morphology while the other was based on spatial isotropic wavelets.
990:
Garbey, Marc; Sun, Nanfei; Merla, Arcangelo; Pavlidis, Ioannis (August 2007). "Contact-free measurement of cardiac pulse based on the analysis of thermal imagery".
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Pavlidis, Ioannis; Dcosta, Malcolm; Taamneh, Salah; Manser, Mike; Ferris, Thomas; Wunderlich, Robert; Akleman, Ergun; Panagiotis, Tsiamyrtzis (May 2016).
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Shastri, Dvijesh; Merla, Arcangelo; Tsiamyrtzis, Panagiotis; Pavlidis, Ioannis (February 2009). "Imaging facial signs of neurophysiological responses".
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Pavlidis’ `fight or flight’ analysis of deception was one of the first breakthroughs attributable to the fledging affective computing field. His
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released the Dr. Spot canine robot, equipped with thermal and visual cameras for contact-free physiological measurements in clinical settings.
327:
conference proceedings. In 2004, Pavlidis and his colleagues reported imaging methods for contactless measurement of blood flow and breath in
1405:
Abouelenien, Mohamed; PĂ©rez-Rosas, VerĂłnica; Mihalcea, Rada; Burzo, Mihai (November 2014). "Deception detection using a multimodal approach".
810:
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established the unmitigated danger texting poses to driving safety and had broad impact to public perceptions and legal cases on the matter.
513:
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Garbey, Marc; Merla, Arcangelo; Pavlidis, Ioannis (June 2004). "Estimation of blood flow speed and vessel location from thermal video".
828:
Proceedings of the 25th Annual
International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37439)
175:(born September 12, 1963) is a Greek American scholar. He is the distinguished Eckhard-Pfeiffer Professor of Computer Science at the
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1305:"A functional analysis of deception detection of a mock crime using infrared thermal imaging and the Concealed Information Test"
433:
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These futuristic methods of deception detection also entered popular culture. Pavlidis' system featured in episode 18 of the
405:
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considered a prime example of daily micro-stressors, which many believe should factor into the design of self-driving cars.
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Murthy, Ramya; Pavlidis, Ioannis; Tsiamyrtzis, Panagiotis (September 2004). "Touchless monitoring of breathing function".
412:
261:
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from Mayo Clinic and his subsequent research efforts to model deceptive behaviors have been chronicled by journalist
1689:
Huynh, Tung (May 2021). "Arousal
Responses to Regular Acceleration Events Divide Drivers into High and Low Groups".
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Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Computer
Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2004. CVPR 2004
1667:
194:
1732:"New research says human drivers are accelarousal-prone which is especially eye-catching for AI self-driving cars"
494:’s `Weird Connections' series, and inspired the interrogation technologies shown in the drama series `Agency' of
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Huang, Hen-Wei; Chen, Jack; Ehmke, Claas; Rupp, Philipp; Dadabhoy, Farah; Feng, Annie; Li, Canchen (April 2022).
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Sun, Nanfei; Garbey, Marc; Merla, Arcangelo; Pavlidis, Ioannis (June 2005). "Imaging the
Cardiovascular Pulse".
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Fei, Jin; Pavlidis, Ioannis (April 2010). "Thermistor at a distance: Unobtrusive measurement of breathing".
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566:"Non-contact, automated cardiac pulse measurements using video imaging and blind source separation"
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The 26th Annual
International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
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2005 IEEE Computer
Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05)
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Derakhshan, Amin; Mikaeili, Mohammad; Gedeon, Tom; Nasrabadi, Ali Motie (June 2020).
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Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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Martha, Baer; Katrina, Heron; Oliver, Morton; Evan, Ratliff (January 18, 2005).
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Pavlidis, Ioannis (September 2003). "Continuous physiological monitoring".
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Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction
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662:"Thermal infrared imaging in psychophysiology: Potentialities and limits"
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and wellness monitoring. Ioannou and colleagues in their 2014 review in
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Ioannou, Stephanos; Gallese, Vittorio; Merla, Arcangelo (October 2014).
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Pavlidis, Ioannis; Eberhardt, Norman; Levine, James (January 3, 2002).
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Poh, Ming-Zher; McDuff, Daniel J.; Picard, Rosalind W. (2010-05-10).
1646:"New study in Texas shows the body's reaction to distracted driving"
1448:"Identifying the optimal features in multimodal deception detection"
1303:
Park, Kevin; Suk, Hey; Hwang, Heungsun; Lee, Jang-Han (March 2013).
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639:"Computer science provides a more sound way to test for sleep apnea"
1169:"Mobile robotic platform for contactless vital sign monitoring"
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SAFE: The Race to Protect Ourselves in a Newly Dangerous World
495:
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211:
18:
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470:’ syndrome in deceptive behaviors and driving distractions.
1668:"Distracted driving study finds motorists have sixth sense"
742:"A 'sixth sense' may protect drivers, except while texting"
1621:"Why texting isn't like other kinds of distracted driving"
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and his group published in 2012 a follow-up paper in the
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719:"Brian Todd Reporting on New Interrogation Technologies"
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IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
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IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS)
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768:"Computer scientists developing 'nurturing' computers"
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Studies on Driving Distractions and Micro-stressors.
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1356:"Thermal facial analysis for deception detection"
1354:Ragoub, Bashar; Zwiggelaar, Reyer (June 2014).
498:. Ioannis Pavlidis' initial collaboration with
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1081:IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
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453:Learn how and when to remove this message
302:Learn how and when to remove this message
1270:International Journal of Computer Vision
1134:IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing
345:IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing
1452:Multimodal Technologies and Interaction
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1221:"Seeing through the face of deception"
514:Texas A&M Transportation Institute
389:Please improve this section by adding
238:Please improve this section by adding
208:Contactless Physiological Measurements
7:
1670:. Ellis Law Corporation. 23 May 2016
1648:. DefensiveDriving.com. 22 June 2016
512:Pavlidis, working together with the
182:Poh at al. in their 2010 article in
904:. Vol. 2. pp. 1196–1199.
506:and colleagues in their book SAFE.
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953:. Vol. 2. pp. 416–421.
871:. Vol. 1. pp. 356–363.
1773:21st-century American biologists
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1309:Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
474:Studies on Deceptive Behaviors.
359:Naturalistic Behavioral Studies
740:Doyle, Kathryn (20 May 2016).
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1768:University of Houston faculty
1730:Eliot, Lance (May 28, 2021).
391:secondary or tertiary sources
240:secondary or tertiary sources
1619:Miller, Sara (12 May 2016).
317:electrodermal activity (EDA)
151:Nikolaos N. Papanikolopoulos
797:. Boston, MA: Springer US.
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910:10.1109/IEMBS.2004.1403382
836:10.1109/IEMBS.2003.1279434
791:Boucsein, Wolfram (2012).
1373:10.1109/TIFS.2014.2317309
1282:10.1007/s11263-006-6106-y
1173:Cyborg and Bionic Systems
1103:10.1109/TBME.2008.2003265
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518:anterior cingulate cortex
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544:"Google Scholar Profile"
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173:Ioannis Thomas Pavlidis
114:University of Minnesota
77:Ioannis Thomas Pavlidis
38:, as no other articles
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830:. pp. 1084–1087.
794:Electrodermal Activity
476:In collaboration with
378:relies excessively on
227:relies excessively on
165:https://www.cpl.uh.edu
16:Greek-American scholar
1185:10.34133/2022/9780497
959:10.1109/CVPR.2005.184
721:. CNN. Situation Room
177:University of Houston
139:University of Houston
122:Democritus University
590:10.1364/OE.18.010762
1580:2016NatSR...625651P
1490:"Episode 18: Lying"
582:2010OExpr..1810762P
576:(10): 10762–10774.
542:Pavlidis, Ioannis.
1568:Scientific Reports
1465:10.3390/mti4020025
1409:. pp. 58–65.
678:10.1111/psyp.12243
637:Cruikshank, Dana.
402:"Ioannis Pavlidis"
251:"Ioannis Pavlidis"
102:September 12, 1963
57:for suggestions.
47:to this page from
1588:10.1038/srep25651
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