113:, where, on 23 October, he addressed a crowd of thousands, who agreed resolution calling for better conditions for servicemen, and political demands for the overthrow of the monarchy and the creation of a democratic republic. The following day, thousands demonstrated, and for a couple of days Kronstadt was under rebel control, but martial law was imposed and thousands arrested, though Dubrovinsky slipped past the police by pretending to be blind drunk. He moved to Moscow, where he took part in the armed rising in December. He was arrested again in the summer of 1906.
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Lenin's widow recorded that the
Bolshevik leader "saw how completely devoted Innokenty was to the revolutionary cause...(and) how resolute Innokenty was in the struggle ... prized Innokenty greatly for his fervent devotion to the cause...(and) became very attached to Innokenty." In 1924, Stalin said
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There are two stories around his death. One is that his tuberculosis was so severe that he committed suicide. Lenin's widow, Nadezhda
Krupskaya recorded that he was very ill he arrived in Paris, and needed extensive medical treatment. Another theory is that he went out in a boat and was swept under
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to raise funds for the party, but he opposed Lenin over the question of whether to have a final break with the
Mensheviks. After the Congress, he returned to Russia to try to rebuild the party organisation, shattered by the defeat of the 1905 revolution. In February 1908 he joined Lenin in Geneva,
90:. From about the age of 18, he was a full-time revolutionary. He was arrested in December 1897, as an organiser of a workers' circle in Moscow, and the following year was sentenced to four years exile in Siberia. While there, he contracted tuberculosis. In 1902 he was moved to
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that "of all the outstanding organisers I am acquainted with, I know only two, of whom, next to Lenin, our Party can and should be proud: I. F. Dubrovinsky, who died in exile in
Turukbansk, and Y. M. Sverdlov, who worked himself to death in building the Party and the state."
148:(Forward). When this group split up, he supported Lenin against Bogdanov. He returned to Russian jurisdiction, hoping to unite the various illegal Marxist groups, but was arrested in Warsaw in November 1908, and was deported to
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were present, and afterwards was elected to the 15 member
Bolshevik Centre. He was almost the only member of that Centre to back Lenin over the issue of armed robberies carried in
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There is no doubt that if
Dubrovinsky had lived a few years longer, he would have played a major role in the early years of Bolshevik rule in Russia.
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Dubrovinsky was released in
February 1907, and joined Lenin in Finland, which was under Russian rule. He was a delegate to the Fifth Congress of the
207:"Иосиф, которого мы забыли (рассказ о революционере И. Ф. Дубровинском) - Iosif, whom we forgot (a story about the revolutionary I.F. Dubrovinsky)"
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172:. He left behind a library, which was appropriated by Stalin, who was also in exile in Turukhansk - an act which other exiles resented.
98:, of which Lenin was the main organiser, and acted as its local distributor. He joined the Bolsheviks after the party split in 1903.
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Arrested in
February 1905, Dubrovinsky was released under amnesty in October. The Bolsheviks sent him to the naval base in
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152:, in north Russia, in iron fetters that left deep wounds in his legs. He escaped and joined Lenin in Paris in 1910.
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in
Siberia. Returning to Russia again, in 1910, he was soon arrested and exiled. On 1 June, he drowned in the
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Dubrovinsky returned to Russia, where he was arrested for the final time in June 1910, and exiled to
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in London, in May 1907 - the last major gathering before the revolution at which both
Bolsheviks and
168:- ironically around the time when he stood a chance of being released under an amnesty to mark the
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Members of the Central Committee of the 5th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
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Members of the Central Committee of the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
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Dubrovinsky was born in the village of Pokrovskoye-Lipovets, in the Maloangelsk district of
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Stalin and His Hangmen: An Authoritative Portrait of a Tyrant and Those Who Served Him
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where he was part of a triumvirate, which also included
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His widowed mother, Lyubov, moved with all four boys to
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397:Revolutionaries of the Russian Revolution of 1905
43:14 August] 1877 – 1 June 1913) was a
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245:Krupskaya, Nadezhda (Lenin's widow) (1970).
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249:. London: Panther. p. 138.
135:'Koba' (later known as Stalin)
20:Portrait of Joseph Dubrovinsky
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25:Iosif Fyodorovich Dubrovinsky
37:Иосиф Фёдорович Дубровинский
266:. London: Methuen. p.
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260:Schapiro, Leonard (1970).
321:Rayfield, Donald (2005).
234:. The Free Encyclopaedia.
176:by the powerful current.
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205:Polynkin, Alexander.
86:, but later became a
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170:Romanov Tercentenary
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117:Later career
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102:Role in the
84:Alexander II
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59:Early career
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392:1913 deaths
387:1877 births
346:Krupskaya.
306:Krupskaya.
291:Krupskaya.
216:23 November
180:Personality
381:Categories
192:References
162:Turukhansk
127:Mensheviks
111:Kronstadt
92:Astrakhan
45:Bolshevik
29:Innokenty
348:Memories
308:Memories
293:Memories
27:, alias
145:Vperyod
131:Georgia
88:Marxist
33:Russian
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156:Death
96:Iskra
73:Kursk
327:ISBN
272:ISBN
218:2019
81:Tsar
65:Orel
41:O.S.
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