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lashes for a minor infraction, which was quintupled to 250, after 210 lashes the
Germans freed their comrade, and attacked the officer, who fled for his life. Word of the German revolt quickly reached the Irish, and about 200 Irish joined. Weapons and liquor were seized. Irish sources state that the homes of a few hated officers were looted and burned by marauding bands. Brazilian sources record that whole blocks of downtown Rio de Janeiro were razed.
25:
474:
The emperor requested and received help from marines aboard
British and French ships in the harbour. Not wanting to fight against them, many of the rebel barracks surrendered on the third day. The final barracks building was only taken by storm on the fourth morning with very heavy casualties on both
733:
Brazilian
Historical and Geographical Institute -Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro-, 1918, Tomo 83, "Alternate Pictures" "Quadros Alternados", on the mercenaries rebellion in which Irish settlers took part, according to the contemporary narrative by the German mercenary Theodor
466:
Unrest grew among both the Irish and the German mercenaries due to rough treatment, non-payment of wages, general misery and rumors of going into battle soon. The similarly recruited German mercenary soldiers started the Great
Mercenary Revolt on 9 June 1828. When one of them was sentenced to fifty
470:
By the second day, it was realised that the available
Brazilian troops in Rio de Janeiro were insufficient to quell the armed and drunk mobs. Black slaves, who needed no coaxing, and other citizens, were given arms and sent against the mercenaries. The Irish and Germans were slowly pushed from the
409:
Almost 3,000 mostly poor and illiterate people quickly volunteered to make the long and dangerous sea voyage. Some sold what little they owned to buy farm implements for their new life in Brazil. Most apparently did not realize that they had been recruited to fight as mercenaries. 2,700 people
394:
to recruit Irish mercenary soldiers. Cotter arrived in early
January 1827; no mention was made to the Irish of their being recruited as mercenaries. Instead, it was suggested that they would be needed to join a militia in Brazil but that this would not interfere with their farming endeavors.
483:
The surviving people were rounded up. The
Germans were sent to outlying provinces in southern Brazil. At Brazil's expense, 1,400 of the 2,400 Irish who had arrived in January 1828 were sent back to Ireland in July 1828. They arrived home even poorer than when they had left.
492:
on 28 August 1828, and the
Cisplatina province became independent as Uruguay, a buffer state between Brazil and Argentina. Thus, the mercenaries can be considered to have significantly helped Uruguay become independent, though that was not their intent.
487:
The mutiny virtually destroyed two of emperor Pedro's supposed best units and ended his hopes for a land victory to augment his successful naval blockade of
Argentina. Brazil and Argentina both agreed to give up their stalemated war. Pedro ratified the
447:, to farm. Those who did join the army were subject to drilling under unpopular officers offset by endless hours of idleness. Relief, and trouble, were readily available to all the mercenaries at the local grog shops in the form of a cheap yet powerful
434:
Once ashore in Rio de
Janeiro, the Irish were assigned to several barracks buildings. They complained of poor food, and of no replacement clothing for the sea voyage rags that had largely rotted off of them. Some of the Irish simply refused to join the
338:
of 1825–1828. The immigrants, who were recruited in their homelands to come to Brazil, discovered that the promises made to them by the Brazilian government were not fulfilled. In the revolt, the Irish and Germans took control of large parts of
462:
and the Irish did not get along. Taunts of 'white slaves' when the Irish first landed escalated into individual fights, then large scale brawls, and finally, into murders by roving bands on both sides in the dark streets.
42:
406:. Cotter promised free passage, free land – 50 acres for each family, six shillings per day, and military training (local militia only). No mention of the war against the Argentines was ever made.
89:
203:
61:
779:
356:
439:, claiming that they had been falsely recruited. Several hundred of these holdouts and their families were finally sent, in March 1828, to the town of
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British Exploits in South America: A History of British Activities in Exploration, Military Adventure, Diplomacy, Science, and Trade in Latin America
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The History of Brazil: From the Period of the Arrival of the Braganza Family in 1808 to the Abdication of Dom Pedro the First in 1831
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660:"Dover Loses Oldest Resident: Mrs. Nancy Burns Had Passed 95th Milestone and Was Especially Active for Her Advanced Age".
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The first ship sailed for Rio de Janeiro in August 1827, and the rest of the fleet soon followed. Two of the ships, the
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Advertisements were run in local newspapers, and notices were posted on numerous church doors, mainly in
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actually showed up on sailing day, and boarded the nine ships anchored in Cork Harbour.
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657:. Translated and edited by Percy Alvin Martin. New York: Russell & Russell, 1963.
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Bruce, Donald Roger. "Irish Mercenary Soldiers in Brazil, 1827–1828" in
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Von Allendorfer, Frederic. "An Irish Regiment in Brazil, 1826–1828" in
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streets and back into their barracks, their best defensive positions.
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Dom Pedro: The Struggle for Liberty in Brazil and Portugal, 1798–1834
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757:
753:
William Cotter Irish officer in Dom Pedro's army of imperial Brazil
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O'Maidin, Padraig. "An Irish Mutiny in Brazil and a Betrayal" in
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704:
Some Other Place than Here: St. Andrews and the Irish Emigrant
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18:
16:
1828 military revolt in Brazil by Irish and German mercenaries
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Baldwin, C.J. "To the Editor of the New York Ev. Post" in
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Irish immigrants in Rio de Janeiro: routine and rebellion
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
621:. Vol. 1. London: F. Westley and A. H. Davis.
715:, Vol. III, No. 10 (Summer 1957), pp. 18–31.
123:
371:and the naval blockade imposed on the port of
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330:) in Brazil was a revolt of German and Irish
58:"Irish and German Mercenary Soldiers' revolt"
8:
692:, Dover, N.H. (4 February 1915), pp. 1.
266:Effective military police of Rio de Janeiro:
351:The Cisplatine War (1825–1828) between the
1100:
969:
911:
780:
766:
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722:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1973.
120:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
739:Irish mercenaries in 19th century Brazil
671:. New York: Russell & Russell, 1963.
643:. Rio de Janeiro: Editorial Vozes, 1971.
629:. 2 Volumes. London: Smith, Elder, 1836.
706:. No location: New Ireland Press, 2000.
519:
357:United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
685:. Durham, Duke University Press, 1986.
386:, the Brazilian emperor, sent colonel
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562:
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641:Ex-Combatentes Irlandeses em Taperoa
47:adding citations to reliable sources
1113:Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil
720:Brazil: From Colony to World Power
618:Notices of Brazil in 1828 and 1829
426:, were shipwrecked along the way.
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664:, Dover, N.H. (12 December 1917).
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1209:Irish diaspora in South America
34:needs additional citations for
650:, Issue 3 (1998), pp. 30.
1:
1138:Francisco José do Nascimento
1045:Confederation of the Equator
688:"Mrs. Burns 93 Years Old".
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678:. New York: Century, 1917.
1204:German diaspora in Brazil
887:Prince Imperial of Brazil
882:Brazilian imperial family
846:
747:Universidade de São Paulo
299:
253:
220:
168:
128:
734:Bösche, page 179 onwards
667:Galogebas, Joao Pandia.
653:Calogeras. Joāo Pandiá.
268:1,000 Brazilian Recruits
1004:Imperial Brazilian Navy
982:Imperial Brazilian Army
953:Reverse parliamentarism
690:Foster's Daily Democrat
662:Foster's Daily Democrat
458:Rio de Janeiro's black
437:Imperial Brazilian Army
328:Revolta dos Mercenários
320:Irish and German revolt
1164:Eusébio de Queirós Law
1154:Abolitionism in Brazil
807:Independence of Brazil
615:Walsh, Robert (1830).
327:
249:August von Steinhousen
221:Commanders and leaders
992:Fatherland Volunteers
718:Worcester, Donald E.
639:Basto, Fernando L.B.
634:New York Evening Post
503:Revolutions of Brazil
300:Casualties and losses
1214:Rebellions in Brazil
948:Constitution of 1824
840:Units of measurement
414:The voyage to Brazil
43:improve this article
915:Political instances
892:Prince of Grão-Pará
669:A History of Brazil
655:A History of Brazil
601:, pp. 290–295.
589:, pp. 288–290.
577:, pp. 284–286.
424:Charlotte and Maria
390:back to his native
334:in 1828 during the
1128:José do Patrocínio
1199:Conflicts in 1828
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681:Macaulay, Neill.
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160:Revolt suppressed
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1039:Independence War
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987:Military Academy
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932:Moderating Power
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636:, 6 August 1828.
625:Armitage, John.
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727:Further reading
712:The Irish Sword
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32:This article
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1009:Naval School
974:Armed Forces
819:Second Reign
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430:The uprising
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373:Buenos Aires
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169:Belligerents
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1083:(1864–1870)
1077:(1864–1865)
1071:(1851–1852)
1069:Platine War
1065:(1835–1840)
1059:(1835–1845)
1053:(1825–1828)
1041:(1822–1824)
811:First Reign
400:County Cork
332:mercenaries
312:300 wounded
307:180 wounded
234:Dom Pedro I
216:mercenaries
211:mercenaries
1193:Categories
599:Walsh 1830
587:Walsh 1830
575:Walsh 1830
563:Walsh 1830
551:Walsh 1830
539:Walsh 1830
527:Walsh 1830
509:References
361:Cisplatina
347:Background
324:Portuguese
99:April 2010
69:newspapers
1174:Lei Áurea
1133:Luís Gama
1063:Cabanagem
835:Provinces
514:Citations
479:Aftermath
451:, called
1224:Mutinies
966:Military
907:Politics
875:Pedro II
858:Monarchy
830:Nobility
497:See also
422:and the
355:and the
310:240 dead
305:120 dead
254:Strength
141:Location
1096:Slavery
870:Pedro I
825:Economy
815:Regency
803:History
475:sides.
453:cachaça
441:Taperoá
402:and in
392:Ireland
384:Pedro I
365:Uruguay
83:scholar
1147:Others
1047:(1824)
941:Others
460:slaves
295:3,000+
214:German
157:Result
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
445:Bahia
443:, in
420:Eliza
359:over
209:Irish
90:JSTOR
76:books
1031:Wars
318:The
289:400
277:600
133:Date
62:news
449:rum
45:by
1195::
817:,
813:,
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455:.
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148:,
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805:(
781:e
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97:(
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39:.
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