17:
259:
199:
104:
439:
338:
328:
Discipline, at the end of the 19th century, "especially on
American sailing ships, could be brutal, often unnecessarily so." As the end of the sailing ship era drew near by the 1930s, "such tactics had pretty much disappeared in the Finnish ships in the ... German ships." However, even the Finnish
324:
in 1938 received about $ 100/month and the average sailmaker about $ 20/month. "The wages of other crew members were minuscule. A skilled able seaman (rated as an A.B.) received not more than, and often much less than, sixteen dollars per month." Crews were readily available in spite of abysmal pay
402:
bought their vessel in 1932 for about ten thousand dollars and then loaded over 5,200 tons or 62,650 sacks of grain, for a gross income of $ 40,000. "The ship paid for herself and all her expenses for the year from the income of that one voyage even though she had sailed in ballast halfway around
129:
began to outpace them economically, due to their ability to keep a schedule regardless of the wind. Steel hulls started to become common from 1885, providing an even greater strength to weight ratio. Even into the twentieth century, sailing ships could hold their own on ultra-long voyages such as
244:. The combination of a large, efficient sail plan and hydrodynamic hull allowed these sailing ships to sustain high cruising speeds; most four-masted barques were able to cruise at 15 knots (28 km/h) with favorable winds. Some logged 18 knots (33 km/h) regularly and
130:
Australia to Europe, since they did not require bunkerage for coal nor freshwater for steam, and they were faster than steamers, which usually could barely make 8 knots (15 km/h). Many sailed under the
Finnish flag during at least some part of their careers. Ship-owner
180:, which had a load capacity of 7,800 tons. She was also one of the fastest, regularly logging 16 knots (30 km/h) average speed on transatlantic voyages. Unfortunately speed was her undoing, as she collided with a steamer that underestimated the speed of the
361:
Though a fast-disappearing breed by the 1920s, sailing ships were used commercially until the 1950s. They occupied a niche in the transport of low-value bulk cargoes of little interest to steamship companies, e.g., lumber, coal,
229:, but there are significant differences. Clippers were optimized for speed, these vessels were optimized for cargo capacity and ease of handling. Most clippers were of composite construction (iron structure, wooden planking),
374:
around the world, ideally carrying different cargoes on each leg of their route, but most frequently sailing in ballast. The last leg from
Australia to Europe, where the cargo was wheat or barley, became the source of
370:). Cargoes were carried from remote ports, with fuel and water unavailable, such as Australia (carrying wool or grain), remote Pacific islands (guano) and South America (nitrates). These vessels usually followed the
406:
The
Germans in particular maintained profitable commerce through the 1930s to the west coast of South America, shipping general cargo out and nitrates home. They had built powerful vessels, such as the
171:, represented an especially efficient configuration that prolonged the competitiveness of sail against steam in the later part of the 19th century. The largest example of such ships was the five-masted
214:
between 2,000 and 5,000 tons and were cheaper than their wooden-hulled counterparts for three main reasons: (1) iron was stronger and enabled larger ship size, capable of delivering considerable
329:
mates occasionally enforced discipline with their fists while sailing with minimal crews of largely inexperienced youths when "... instant obedience to orders was essential."
43:. They were built to carry bulk cargo for long distances in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. They were the largest of merchant sailing ships, with three to five
240:
Typically, such vessels were equipped with steel masts and yards and steel cables, where possible. Often the running rigging was handled by motor-driven winches powered by
1142:
379:
as the ships' masters attempted to sail the leg as fast as possible, essentially only for prestige and pride — usually from the grain ports of South
Australia's
423:
especially for the difficult west-bound voyage around Cape Horn, and their captains were expected to make three round trips around the Horn over a two-year period.
320:
Owners ran their sailing ships with close attention to costs. Officers and essential skilled crew, such as sailmakers, were still paid poorly: the captain of
218:, (2) iron hulls took up less space, allowing more room for cargo in a given hull size, and (3) iron required less maintenance than a wooden hull.
1135:
2433:
1128:
1105:
1084:
882:
844:
819:
784:
759:
732:
677:
702:
398:
from
Australia to Europe, "the carrying rates could vary from perhaps four dollars to eight dollars per ton." The owners of the
749:
1010:
ship owners severely discouraged racing since it could result in loss of canvas and gear that was never rewarded or tolerated
809:
2325:
940:
637:
2341:
777:
Gone - a chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R & J Craig of
Glasgow : Craig's "Counties"
899:
872:
351:
237:
rigged, and had far greater cargo capacities. Clippers had already begun to disappear when these vessels emerged.
1672:
288:
on her last commercial voyage around Cape Horn in 1949 under the
Finnish flag listed a total complement of 33:
166:
2376:
667:
1039:
2234:
1639:
118:
1844:
1738:
918:
Sailing Ships and Their Story :the Story of Their
Development from the Earliest Times to the Present Day
534:
270:
A sailing ship from this era could have a crew of as few as 14, with a typical crew being master, mate,
207:
233:
and had a cargo capacity of less than 1,000 tonnes; these vessels were iron and steel hulled, usually
2443:
2391:
612:
605:
591:
2438:
2412:
2346:
1984:
1814:
548:
415:
922:
403:
the world." In most of those years, the ships in the grain trade could clear about $ 5,000 each.
325:
because
Germany and Scandinavian countries still required sail experience for mariner's licences.
16:
2072:
2025:
1469:
1414:
1077:
The Last of the Cape Horners, Firsthand Accounts from the Final Days of the Commercial Tall Ships
215:
2249:
2020:
1943:
1236:
1101:
1080:
878:
850:
840:
815:
790:
780:
755:
728:
673:
211:
2040:
1989:
1913:
1898:
1310:
1211:
1180:
1175:
1038:
Pacific American Steamship Association; Shipowners Association of the Pacific Coast (1920).
598:
520:
246:
172:
114:
25:
258:
2320:
2300:
2295:
2183:
2113:
1753:
1597:
1539:
1514:
1439:
305:
175:
147:
108:
88:
916:
198:
2366:
2264:
2244:
2093:
1692:
1614:
1557:
1325:
1315:
1206:
694:
576:
541:
499:
463:
241:
131:
71:
between continents. Later examples had steel hulls. They are sometimes referred to as "
44:
487:, Pennsylvania, United States. The largest sailing ship still in service is a Russian
2427:
2269:
2254:
2193:
2173:
2062:
1883:
1873:
1819:
1305:
1110:
569:
562:
527:
408:
371:
355:
150:. Other sailing ship companies carrying on despite the onset of the machine age were
1120:
2361:
2239:
2198:
2148:
2052:
1994:
1954:
1799:
1779:
1526:
1272:
1246:
484:
427:
380:
283:
103:
36:
1499:
2381:
2356:
2274:
2168:
2123:
2118:
2067:
1999:
1959:
1903:
1687:
1677:
1662:
1619:
1609:
1592:
1577:
1464:
1444:
1340:
1285:
1201:
1170:
505:
488:
395:
299:
230:
92:
84:
80:
40:
438:
2259:
2208:
2128:
2077:
2004:
1974:
1824:
1763:
1758:
1702:
1667:
1629:
1504:
1454:
1295:
1261:
1256:
1221:
1185:
647:
632:
471:
384:
376:
210:, used engineered iron and steel in their construction. In general, the ships
72:
48:
854:
794:
391:
coast and on to the harbour of destination in Britain or continental Europe.
2315:
2310:
2143:
2057:
2047:
1979:
1839:
1567:
1424:
1389:
1355:
1115:
Voyaging With The Wind: An Introduction to Sailing Large Square Rigged Ships
642:
583:
509:
492:
467:
459:
443:
279:
271:
222:
186:
151:
135:
126:
76:
52:
165:
The four-masted, iron-hulled ship, introduced in 1875 with the full-rigged
1098:
The Last Time Around Cape Horn. The Historic 1949 Voyage of the Windjammer
2188:
2178:
1964:
1949:
1934:
1929:
1878:
1794:
1712:
1697:
1647:
1547:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1364:
1330:
1241:
1226:
1216:
388:
139:
125:
Iron-hulled sailing ships were mainly built from the 1870s to 1900, when
282:
with "only 19 men aboard, although not from choice." The crew roster of
2203:
2153:
2133:
2030:
1939:
1908:
1888:
1834:
1829:
1804:
1789:
1743:
1733:
1657:
1587:
1474:
1429:
1419:
1399:
1384:
1369:
1300:
1156:
1152:
555:
478:
451:
447:
346:
226:
159:
155:
143:
477:
The largest remaining original sailing ship is the four-masted barque
2396:
2371:
2229:
2163:
2158:
1969:
1893:
1784:
1748:
1707:
1652:
1602:
1582:
1572:
1434:
1404:
1374:
1280:
1251:
1231:
837:
France, II : Le plus grand voilier du monde construit à Bordeaux
627:
342:
234:
56:
21:
337:
206:
The last large commercial sailing vessels, designed well after the
2351:
2305:
2279:
2138:
1857:
1809:
1717:
1682:
1624:
1552:
1509:
1449:
1379:
1335:
1320:
437:
363:
336:
257:
197:
102:
64:
60:
15:
2386:
2213:
1562:
1459:
1409:
1394:
1345:
1290:
839:. Bernadat, Christian. Saint-Quentin-de-Baron: Entre-deux-mers.
1124:
498:. The last metal-hulled sailing ship in original layout is the
725:
Sail's Last Century : the Merchant Sailing Ship 1830-1930
68:
202:
Diagram of rigging and sails on a full-rigged ship, ca. 1905
462:
can still be seen at international maritime events such as
184:
when crossing before her. The second-largest example was
1100:
Pamir. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2003.
976:
974:
430:, towed by tugs the entire course, avoiding the Horn.
225:
and raked bows of these vessels invite confusion with
341:
The largest sailing ship to survive, the four-masted
266:
at sea, ca. 1920, securing a section of the foresail.
2405:
2334:
2288:
2222:
2106:
2086:
2013:
1922:
1866:
1772:
1726:
1638:
1538:
1523:
1354:
1270:
1194:
1163:
988:
986:
808:Sutherland, Jonathan; Canwell, Diane (2007-07-07).
313:
4 cook/assistant cook and steward/assistant steward
250:is known to have logged 21 knots (39 km/h).
901:Iron Ship-building: With Practical Illustrations
871:Gould, Richard; Gould, Richard A. (2000-04-13).
394:In the 1930s 'good money' could be made in the
695:"Wind Power Utilisation and Ships An Overview"
515:Remaining iron or steel-hulled ships include:
1136:
1040:"Safe Passage (Poem and photo of four masted
723:Gardiner, Robert J; Greenhill, Basil (1993).
426:Despite the cost, some of the ships used the
8:
1093:. New York: David McKay Company, Inc., 1969.
874:Archaeology and the Social History of Ships
79:". Several survive, variously operating as
1535:
1143:
1129:
1121:
1117:. London: National Maritime Museum, 1975.
1054:(October 1920). San Francisco: J.S. Hines
751:Men and Ships Around Cape Horn, 1616-1939
295:4 officers (1st, 2nd, 3rd mate and bosun)
117:sailing ship ever built, measuring 5,081
1091:Men and Ships around Cape Horn 1616-1939
669:Chapman Great Sailing Ships of the World
658:
274:(bosun), 15 seamen and 5 apprentices.
945:. New York: Motor Boating. p. 70.
779:. Glasgow: Brown, Son & Ferguson.
1079:. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's. 2000.
146:, was noted for his fleet during the
7:
866:
864:
483:, today a restaurant ship moored in
35:represented the final evolution of
14:
939:Tod, Giles M.S. (February 1941).
915:Chatterton, Edward Keble (1915).
727:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
446:in Germany, the world's biggest
811:Container Ships and Oil Tankers
705:from the original on 2016-08-03
966:The Last Time around Cape Horn
877:. Cambridge University Press.
699:German Wind Energy Association
1:
1075:Apollonio, Spencer (Editor).
638:List of large sailing vessels
2342:Bristol Channel pilot cutter
2434:Merchant sailing ship types
666:Schäuffelen, Otmar (2005).
2460:
693:Otto, Heinz (2016-08-03).
366:or grain (60,000 sacks on
352:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
491:, the four-masted barque
33:Iron-hulled sailing ships
20:Four-masted, iron-hulled
2036:Iron-hulled sailing ship
835:Bernadat, Roger (2008).
1845:Square-rigged caravel (
898:Grantham, John (1858).
754:. Barker. p. 338.
921:. Lippincott. p.
775:Cumming, Bill (2009).
748:Randier, Jean (1968).
455:
358:
316:1 donkeyman (mechanic)
278:in 1926 sailed around
267:
203:
122:
29:
2377:Pinnace (ship's boat)
1739:Chinese treasure ship
1048:Pacific Marine Review
442:Tall ships parade at
441:
377:The Great Grain Races
340:
261:
208:Industrial Revolution
201:
106:
19:
2392:Thames sailing barge
2223:Recreational vessels
968:, Appendix I, p. 211
2413:Nautical operations
2347:Floating restaurant
2235:Ljungström sailboat
1815:Full-rigged pinnace
980:Apollonio, p. xxiii
158:and A.D. Bordes of
51:, as well as other
1530:and other vessels
1524:Naval and merchant
1096:Stark, William F.
1028:Apollonio, p. xxiv
955:Apollonio, p. xxii
814:. Gareth Stevens.
456:
359:
268:
216:economies of scale
204:
123:
39:at the end of the
30:
2421:
2420:
2250:Sailing hydrofoil
2102:
2101:
2021:Blackwall frigate
1944:Baltimore Clipper
1019:Apollonio, p. xxv
262:Crew of the ship
168:County of Peebles
2451:
1990:Ship of the line
1914:Ship of the line
1536:
1532:(by origin date)
1311:Full-rigged ship
1212:Fore-and-aft rig
1181:Age of Discovery
1176:Maritime history
1145:
1138:
1131:
1122:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1002:
999:
993:
992:Apollonio, p. 48
990:
981:
978:
969:
962:
956:
953:
947:
946:
936:
930:
929:
912:
906:
905:
895:
889:
888:
868:
859:
858:
832:
826:
825:
805:
799:
798:
772:
766:
765:
745:
739:
738:
720:
714:
713:
711:
710:
690:
684:
683:
672:. Hearst Books.
663:
276:Herzogin Cecilie
247:Herzogin Cecilie
173:full-rigged ship
113:was the largest
107:The five-masted
89:restaurant ships
26:Herzogin Cecilie
2459:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2401:
2330:
2284:
2218:
2107:Fishing vessels
2098:
2082:
2009:
1918:
1862:
1768:
1722:
1634:
1598:Tessarakonteres
1531:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1440:Outrigger canoe
1350:
1266:
1190:
1159:
1149:
1089:Randier, Jean.
1072:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1000:
996:
991:
984:
979:
972:
963:
959:
954:
950:
938:
937:
933:
914:
913:
909:
897:
896:
892:
885:
870:
869:
862:
847:
834:
833:
829:
822:
807:
806:
802:
787:
774:
773:
769:
762:
747:
746:
742:
735:
722:
721:
717:
708:
706:
692:
691:
687:
680:
665:
664:
660:
656:
624:
619:
436:
434:Remaining ships
335:
306:Ordinary seamen
256:
196:
148:interwar period
101:
55:. They carried
12:
11:
5:
2457:
2455:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2426:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2367:Norfolk wherry
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2265:Trailer sailer
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2245:Pocket cruiser
2242:
2237:
2232:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2094:Montagu whaler
2090:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1644:
1642:
1640:Post-classical
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1558:Borobudur ship
1555:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1533:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1359:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1316:Jackass-barque
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1277:
1275:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1237:Ljungström rig
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1111:Villiers, Alan
1108:
1094:
1087:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1030:
1021:
1012:
1003:
994:
982:
970:
957:
948:
931:
907:
890:
883:
860:
845:
827:
820:
800:
785:
767:
760:
740:
733:
715:
685:
678:
657:
655:
652:
651:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
623:
620:
618:
617:
610:
603:
596:
589:
581:
574:
567:
560:
553:
546:
539:
536:Falls of Clyde
532:
525:
517:
464:SAIL Amsterdam
435:
432:
334:
331:
318:
317:
314:
311:
308:
302:
296:
293:
255:
252:
242:donkey engines
195:
192:
132:Gustaf Erikson
100:
97:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2456:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:Special terms
2287:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2255:Sailing yacht
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1884:East Indiaman
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1874:Bermuda sloop
1872:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1528:
1527:sailing ships
1522:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1106:0-7867-1233-3
1103:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1085:1-57488-283-X
1082:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1034:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1007:
1004:
998:
995:
989:
987:
983:
977:
975:
971:
967:
961:
958:
952:
949:
944:
943:
942:Fast Passages
935:
932:
928:
924:
920:
919:
911:
908:
903:
902:
894:
891:
886:
884:9780521567893
880:
876:
875:
867:
865:
861:
856:
852:
848:
846:9782913568594
842:
838:
831:
828:
823:
821:9780836883770
817:
813:
812:
804:
801:
796:
792:
788:
786:9781849270137
782:
778:
771:
768:
763:
761:9780213764760
757:
753:
752:
744:
741:
736:
734:0-85177-565-9
730:
726:
719:
716:
704:
700:
696:
689:
686:
681:
679:9781588163844
675:
671:
670:
662:
659:
653:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
625:
621:
616:
615:
611:
609:
608:
607:Joseph Conrad
604:
602:
601:
597:
595:
594:
593:Star of India
590:
588:
587:
582:
580:
579:
575:
573:
572:
568:
566:
565:
561:
559:
558:
554:
552:
551:
547:
545:
544:
540:
538:
537:
533:
531:
530:
526:
524:
523:
519:
518:
516:
513:
511:
507:
503:
502:
497:
496:
490:
486:
482:
481:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
453:
449:
445:
440:
433:
431:
429:
424:
422:
418:
417:
412:
411:
404:
401:
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
373:
372:clipper route
369:
365:
357:
356:United States
353:
349:
348:
344:
339:
332:
330:
326:
323:
315:
312:
309:
307:
303:
301:
297:
294:
291:
290:
289:
287:
286:
281:
277:
273:
265:
260:
253:
251:
249:
248:
243:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
219:
217:
213:
209:
200:
193:
191:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
174:
170:
169:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
128:
120:
116:
112:
111:
105:
98:
96:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
37:sailing ships
34:
28:
27:
23:
18:
2362:Norfolk punt
2240:Mast aft rig
2149:Herring buss
2073:West Country
2035:
1995:Sloop-of-war
1850:
1846:
1780:Crommesteven
1273:sailing rigs
1247:Mast aft rig
1195:Sailing rigs
1155:vessels and
1114:
1097:
1090:
1076:
1056:. Retrieved
1051:
1047:
1041:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1006:
1001:Stark, p. 84
997:
965:
960:
951:
941:
934:
926:
917:
910:
900:
893:
873:
836:
830:
810:
803:
776:
770:
750:
743:
724:
718:
707:. Retrieved
698:
688:
668:
661:
613:
606:
599:
592:
585:
577:
570:
563:
556:
550:Kruzenshtern
549:
542:
535:
528:
521:
514:
500:
494:
485:Philadelphia
479:
476:
457:
428:Panama Canal
425:
420:
414:
409:
405:
399:
393:
385:Lizard Point
381:Spencer Gulf
367:
360:
345:
327:
321:
319:
284:
275:
269:
263:
245:
239:
220:
205:
185:
181:
176:
167:
164:
124:
109:
93:cruise ships
85:museum ships
81:school ships
49:square sails
32:
31:
24:
2444:Windjammers
2357:Mersey flat
2335:Other types
2124:Barca-longa
2026:Down Easter
1663:Bomb vessel
1615:K'un-lun po
1593:Quadriremes
1578:Penteconter
1465:Quadrimaran
1286:Barquentine
1202:Bermuda rig
1171:Age of Sail
1058:24 December
614:James Craig
506:museum ship
489:school ship
458:A few such
396:grain trade
300:able seamen
231:full rigged
115:ship-rigged
73:windjammers
41:age of sail
2439:Tall ships
2428:Categories
2321:Treenailed
2301:Lashed lug
2296:Inflatable
2275:Windsurfer
2260:Sportsboat
2209:Well smack
2078:Windjammer
2005:Trincadour
1975:Padewakang
1825:Man-of-war
1764:Trabaccolo
1703:Malangbang
1505:Vaka katea
1455:Pentamaran
1296:Brigantine
1257:Square rig
1252:Pinisi rig
1232:Lateen rig
1222:Gunter rig
1186:Navigation
1070:References
1044:in Canal)"
709:2019-06-02
648:Windjammer
633:Grain race
504:, today a
472:Hanse Sail
460:tall ships
310:5 deckboys
292:The master
264:Garthsnaid
223:sail plans
221:The large
127:steamships
77:tall ships
53:sail plans
2316:Tall ship
2144:Gableboat
2058:Leti leti
2048:Janggolan
1980:Post ship
1851:de armada
1840:Speronara
1568:Fire ship
1500:Va'a-tele
1425:Kora kora
1390:Catamaran
1356:Multihull
1262:Tanja rig
1207:Crab claw
1164:Overviews
1151:Types of
855:228042301
795:491200437
643:Tall ship
600:Wavertree
584:STS
522:Balclutha
510:Mariehamn
493:STS
468:Kiel Week
444:Kiel Week
333:Economics
280:Cape Horn
272:boatswain
212:displaced
187:France II
152:F. Laeisz
136:Mariehamn
2270:Wharrams
2189:Sixareen
2184:Nordland
2179:Patorani
1965:Gundalow
1950:Gallivat
1935:Chialoup
1930:Bilander
1879:Corvette
1795:Galleass
1754:Lancaran
1713:Tongkang
1698:Longship
1648:Balinger
1548:Balangay
1495:Ungalawa
1490:Trimaran
1485:Tongiaki
1480:Tipairua
1331:Schooner
1227:Junk rig
1217:Gaff rig
1042:John Ena
927:clipper.
904:. Weale.
703:Archived
622:See also
389:Cornwall
227:clippers
182:Preussen
177:Preussen
110:Preussen
2406:Related
2204:Tartane
2154:Jangada
2134:Felucca
2129:Falkuša
2087:20th c.
2041:Warship
2031:Golekan
2014:19th c.
1940:Clipper
1923:18th c.
1909:Polacca
1889:Frigate
1867:17th c.
1835:Patache
1830:Manchua
1805:Flyboat
1790:Galleon
1773:16th c.
1744:Caravel
1734:Carrack
1727:15th c.
1693:Kondura
1658:Birlinn
1588:Trireme
1540:Ancient
1475:Tepukei
1430:Lakatoi
1420:Karakoa
1400:Guilalo
1385:Camakau
1370:Amatasi
1358:vessels
1326:Mistico
1301:Catboat
1242:Lug rig
1153:sailing
964:Stark,
578:Pommern
557:Moshulu
543:Glenlee
501:Pommern
480:Moshulu
452:sailing
448:regatta
421:Priwall
387:at the
347:Moshulu
322:Moshulu
160:Dunkirk
156:Hamburg
144:Finland
99:History
2397:Wherry
2372:Pausik
2230:Dinghy
2174:Mayang
2169:Masula
2164:Lugger
2159:Jukung
2063:Palari
1985:74-gun
1970:Lanong
1894:Galeas
1820:Lorcha
1785:Galiot
1749:Ghurab
1708:Shitik
1653:Benawa
1603:Dromon
1583:Bireme
1573:Galley
1435:Lanong
1405:Jukung
1375:Baurua
1306:Cutter
1281:Barque
1104:
1083:
881:
853:
843:
818:
793:
783:
758:
731:
676:
628:Barque
571:Peking
564:Passat
529:Elissa
466:, the
410:Peking
343:barque
235:barque
194:Design
91:, and
75:" or "
57:lumber
22:barque
2352:Fusta
2306:Razee
2280:Yacht
2199:Smack
2194:Sgoth
2139:Fifie
2114:Bagan
2068:Tamar
2053:Lambo
1955:Garay
1858:Xebec
1847:round
1810:Fluyt
1800:Ghali
1718:Zabra
1683:Knarr
1625:Mtepe
1553:Boita
1510:Vinta
1470:Takia
1450:Paraw
1415:Kalia
1380:Bigiw
1365:ʻalia
1336:Sloop
1321:Ketch
654:Notes
586:Sedov
495:Sedov
454:event
416:Padua
400:Parma
368:Pamir
364:guano
285:Pamir
140:Åland
65:grain
61:guano
45:masts
2387:Scow
2382:Pram
2326:ULDB
2311:Sewn
2214:Yoal
2119:Bago
2000:Toop
1960:Grab
1904:Pink
1899:Koff
1688:Koch
1678:Jong
1673:Hulk
1620:Lepa
1610:Junk
1563:Dhow
1460:Proa
1445:Pahi
1410:Kaep
1395:Drua
1346:Yawl
1341:Snow
1291:Brig
1157:rigs
1102:ISBN
1081:ISBN
1060:2014
879:ISBN
851:OCLC
841:ISBN
816:ISBN
791:OCLC
781:ISBN
756:ISBN
729:ISBN
674:ISBN
470:and
450:and
419:and
254:Crew
47:and
1849:or
1759:Hoy
1668:Cog
1630:Uru
1271:By
923:268
508:at
383:to
350:at
298:13
154:of
134:of
119:GRT
69:ore
67:or
2430::
1515:Wa
1113:.
1052:17
1050:.
1046:.
985:^
973:^
925:.
863:^
849:.
789:.
701:.
697:.
512:.
474:.
413:,
354:,
304:5
190:.
162:.
142:,
138:,
95:.
87:,
83:,
63:,
59:,
1946:)
1942:(
1853:)
1144:e
1137:t
1130:v
1062:.
887:.
857:.
824:.
797:.
764:.
737:.
712:.
682:.
121:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
