536:
798:
641:
777:
574:
39:
819:
702:
tax on cattle. With the permission of the
Orenburg Governorate, he held a trade fair in Khan Ordasy in 1832. As a result of the trade fair, economic interest in the Horde increased, and Khan Ordasy became a city of local economic importance. Trade became an important part of the Horde's economy, with
624:
families, in return for receiving a portion of the payments himself. The second action was privatising the lands within the Horde. Originally, only chiefs who had demonstrated their loyalty to the khan received land. However, this was soon followed by a system of selling off land to the wealthy, in
787:
historically treated Jañgir-Kerei Khan as a negative figure due to his promotion of feudalism and his role in the 1836 uprising. Since Kazakh independence, a more nuanced position has developed among historians. His efforts led to a significant effect on the development of education in
Kazakhstan,
767:
Jañgir-Kerei Khan died on 11 August 1845, officially from a stroke, though this narrative has been questioned by historians. According to opponents of the official explanation, the khan was murdered. Two differing theories have emerged to contest the official version of his death. The first states
754:
565:, and an administrative office. The chiefs of the Horde were directly subordinated to the khan. He also introduced western medicine to the Horde, vaccinating his citizens and establishing the first pharmacy in the Horde in 1838, in addition to the Horde's first hospital.
747:
additionally donated some of their sabres which had been granted by Kazakh rulers. It is the first museum known to have been established in modern-day
Kazakhstan, and its value between the weaponry, armour, and hunting equipment was valued at 8,015.75 rubles by the
625:
an effort to move towards feudalism. Over a third of the Bukey Horde's population was left completely landless and forced into serfdom, and the
Russian government further exacerbated problems by banning Kazakhs from settling along the coast of the
433:
557:
send a veterinarian to the Horde, in order to educate
Kazakhs on modern animal husbandry techniques, as well as a midwife to assist with obstetrics. The khan established the first school in the Horde and served as its first teacher.
673:
658:
604:
In an effort to encourage the settlement of his citizens and the end of nomadism, the khan undertook two actions. The first was enforcing requested taxes on Kazakh nomads whose livestock grazed in neighbouring lands owned by the
383:
314:
466:. He realised the importance of education at a young age, expressing a desire to open a school in the Bukey Horde. At the time of Bökei's death, Jañgir-Kerei Khan was only 14 years old. Unable to rule the Horde, his uncle,
512:, where Fatima danced with the Tsar during a ball and made a significant impression on him. Subsequently, 25,000 rubles were allocated from the Russian treasury for the construction of a palace. Zhangir Khan made a
768:
that he was assassinated by his barber, possibly on the orders of
Nicholas I. The second theory claims that the khan was poisoned, citing the fact that he remained physically active and healthy until his death.
738:
In addition to his donation of manuscripts and pathological work, the khan was a strong supporter of Kazakh anthropology. He wrote down Kazakh national epics and, with the cooperation of his family and other
581:
When Jañgir-Kerei Khan took power, the
Kazakhs remained almost entirely nomadic, and the Horde had no permanent capital. Using the money provided by Russia, a capital was built in the modern-day village of
377:, and enacted a number of reforms. He remains popularly known for his efforts to bring formal education to the Horde, but is controversial for his promotion of feudalism over nomadism, leading to
499:
472:
125:
1144:
743:
relatives, secured enough ancient Mongol weaponry, as well as armour, firearms, and hunting equipment for the establishment of a museum known as "the
Armoury" in Khan Ordasy. The
553:
One of the main priorities of Jañgir-Kerei Khan was establishment of modern education in the Bukey Horde, with the assistance of Russia. In 1839, he requested that the
593:
beginning in late 1827. Though the capital was originally small, it later began to expand greatly following the 1832 trade fair, and was popularly referred to as the "
373:, ruling from 1823 to 1845, and the final khan to be formally appointed. During his rule, he sought to establish the Horde as a modern state based on the model of the
686:. The khan responded to the uprising by requesting Russian assistance, which was obliged at the cost of increasing the Horde's dependence on the Russian government.
1159:
561:
In addition to his educational reforms, the khan established a centralised government based on the
Russian Empire, including a council of advisers, a group of
694:
Alongside his land and education reforms, Jañgir-Kerei Khan brought about a significant shift in the economy of the Bukey Horde. He established two taxes:
107:
719:
on the human body and publishing the monograph "On
Anthrax". He exchanged letters with various European and Russian scientists of the time, including
1149:
577:
The mosque in Khan Ordasy. Jañgir-Kerei Khan established Khan Ordasy as the Horde's capital, making it one of the first ten settlements in the Horde
727:, maintaining extensive contact with the latter from 1826 until the end of his life. He donated six manuscripts in Arabic, Persian, and Turkish to
1115:
820:"Photography and the Tsarist Russian Colonial Administration of Turkestan: Designing the History and the Place between Past and Future"
784:
535:
505:
793:
1015:
442:. Living with Andreyevsky, Jañgir-Kerei was educated in politics, administration, and other subjects. In addition to his native
1051:
619:
1079:
715:
In addition to his reign over the Bukey Horde, Jañgir-Kerei Khan was an accomplished pathologist, studying the effects of
588:
545:
362:
731:, and additionally has been credited by the government of Kazakhstan with publishing the first written description of
724:
1103:
668:
653:
378:
309:
925:
749:
728:
467:
120:
494:
720:
645:
351:
44:
1154:
1074:
524:
486:
439:
428:
289:
102:
1139:
1134:
598:
554:
509:
366:
52:
640:
958:
683:
850:
606:
583:
540:
614:
789:
463:
416:
250:
202:
744:
679:
610:
594:
493:. A year after taking power, he married his first wife, the daughter of Russian chief mufti
490:
451:
447:
406:
341:
89:
401:
84:
883:
459:
443:
332:
227:
489:, though his reign only actually began a year later with a formal ceremony conducted in
776:
601:, Russia. Ten permanent settlements were constructed in total during the khan's reign.
374:
277:
1023:
1128:
704:
520:
299:
1049:[A new Kazakh cultural and tourist centre will appear on the Lower Volga].
634:
427:. From a young age, he displayed an interest in science, and was sent to live with
420:
573:
392:
extensively, and an anthropologist, recording Kazakh national epics and weaponry.
989:
626:
412:
370:
56:
38:
513:
71:
788:
and he has been credited by history professor Indira Akylbayeva with pushing
388:
in 1836. In addition to his reign, he also worked as a pathologist, studying
959:"Жангир, Хан Внутренней Или Бокеевской Орды (годы правления: 1824–1845 гг.)"
928:[What is Jañgir, legendary khan of the Kazakh steppe, famous for?].
1046:
992:[Jañgir-Kerei Khan, the most mysterious khan in Kazakh history].
740:
1106:[Ybyrai Altynsaryn: Humanist ideas and the quest for knowledge]
716:
389:
245:
961:[Jañgir, Khan of the Inner or Bokei Horde (ruled 1823–1845)].
732:
455:
1077:[Kazakh delegation honours memory of Jañgir Khan in Kazan].
1047:"На Нижней Волге появится новый казахский центр культуры и туризма"
667:
As a result of the khan's policy, the peasantry of the Bukey Horde
775:
695:
639:
630:
572:
534:
424:
824:
Bulletin of the International Institute for Central Asian Studies
485:
On 22 June 1823, Jañgir-Kerei Khan was appointed as Khan by Tsar
597:
of the Steppe". A summer capital was also built in present-day
562:
1075:"Казахстанская делегация почтила память Жангир хана в Казани"
990:"Жангир-Керей хан - самый загадочный хан в казахской истории"
1018:[Forests and settlements in the Bukey Horde, 1891].
1104:"Ибрай Алтынсарин: идеи гуманизма и стремление к знаниям"
644:
Russian assistance, not dissimilar from that depicted in
539:
One of the first schools in the Horde, in the capital of
803:
has been named after Jañgir-Kerei Khan since May 2003.
886:[The first enlightened ruler of the Kazakhs].
926:"Чем знаменит легендарный хан казахской степи Жангир"
43:
Possible photograph of Jäñgır-Kerei Khan or his son,
1112:
Ybyrai Altynsaryn Memorial Museum of Kostanay Region
356:
305:
295:
283:
273:
256:
244:
215:
201:
161:
146:
138:
134:
116:
98:
80:
70:
62:
51:
23:
207:11, including Saiyp-Kerei and Ghubaidolla Jangirov
735:on the territory of the Russian Empire, in 1844.
1145:19th-century educators from the Russian Empire
853:[Jañgir Khan: Biographer of a ruler].
365:11 August] 1845) was the penultimate
794:West Kazakhstan Agrarian-Technical University
703:citizens trading cattle for other goods from
8:
1022:(in Russian). 21 August 2013. Archived from
780:Jañgir-Kerei Khan's mausoleum in Khan Ordasy
27:
1016:"Лес и поселки в Букеевской орде, 1891 г."
185: 1824–1845)
37:
20:
884:"Первый казахский просвещенный правитель"
519:In 1840, he was appointed to the rank of
458:. He additionally held fair knowledge of
924:Shulembayeva, Raushan (27 August 2021).
28:
811:
792:to pursue a career as an educator. The
419:clan, a clan of direct descendants of
400:Jañgir-Kerei Khan was born in 1801 to
212:
16:Khan of the Bukey Horde (r. 1823–1845)
7:
1160:Pathologists from the Russian Empire
1116:Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
984:
982:
980:
953:
951:
949:
947:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
878:
876:
874:
872:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
477:, was instead designated as regent.
336:
231:
1045:Baktemir, Todar (25 August 2021).
785:Historiography in the Soviet Union
14:
851:"Жангир хан: биография правителя"
678:in 1836, under the leadership of
1150:Imperial Russian major generals
1052:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
182:
890:(in Russian). 28 November 2016
857:(in Russian). 12 November 2020
650:Battle of Cossacks and Kirghiz
531:Social and educational reforms
1:
1114:(in Russian): 40 – via
1080:Embassy of Kazakhstan, Moscow
996:(in Russian). 5 February 2020
707:or herders in Russia proper.
66:22 June 1823 – 11 August 1845
759:following the khan's death.
112:(designate, never fulfilled)
1102:Akylbayeva, Indira (2023).
1083:(in Russian). 2 August 2018
361:; 1801 – 28 July [
357:
157:11 August 1845 (aged 43–44)
1176:
750:Orenburg Border Commission
654:Isatay Taimanov's uprising
629:or along the banks of the
379:Isatay Taimanov's uprising
310:Isatay Taimanov's uprising
346:
322:
268:
264:
220:
211:
36:
652:, was used to put down
495:Mukhammedzhan Khusainov
781:
721:Alexander von Humboldt
664:
578:
550:
45:Gubaydulla Chingiskhan
829:(2021): 42–83, at 43.
818:Svetlana Gorshenina,
779:
643:
576:
538:
525:Imperial Russian Army
440:Astrakhan Governorate
290:Imperial Russian Army
711:Scientific interests
599:Pallasovsky District
555:Orenburg Governorate
684:Makhambet Otemisuly
646:Aleksander Orłowski
446:, he was fluent in
415:. He came from the
782:
665:
579:
551:
504:. He attended the
429:Stepan Andreyevsky
930:Kazakhstan Pravda
790:Ybyrai Altynsarin
355:
344:
326:
325:
240:
239:
224:Jañgir-Kerei Khan
172:Fatima Khusainova
1167:
1120:
1119:
1109:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
986:
975:
974:
972:
970:
955:
942:
941:
939:
937:
921:
900:
899:
897:
895:
888:Qazaqstan Tarihy
880:
867:
866:
864:
862:
847:
830:
816:
802:
758:
745:House of Romanov
729:Kazan University
690:Economic reforms
680:Isatay Taymanuly
677:
662:
623:
592:
549:
503:
476:
437:
410:
387:
360:
358:Jäñgir-Kerey xan
350:
348:
347:Жәңгір-Керей хан
340:
338:
337:جاڭگىر-كەرەي حان
329:Jäñgır-Kerei Han
318:
285:
233:
232:جاڭگىر-كەرەي حان
213:
186:
184:
156:
154:
129:
111:
103:Saiyp-Kerei Khan
93:
41:
32:
31:
30:
29:جاڭگىر-كەرەي حان
24:Jäñgır-Kerei Han
21:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1058:
1056:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1014:
1013:
1009:
999:
997:
988:
987:
978:
968:
966:
957:
956:
945:
935:
933:
923:
922:
903:
893:
891:
882:
881:
870:
860:
858:
849:
848:
833:
817:
813:
809:
796:
774:
765:
752:
713:
692:
671:
656:
617:
586:
571:
543:
533:
497:
483:
470:
431:
423:in the line of
404:
398:
381:
312:
269:Military career
236:
197:
188:
180:
176:
173:
152:
150:
123:
105:
87:
47:
26:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1173:
1171:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1094:
1066:
1037:
1026:on 6 June 2014
1007:
976:
943:
901:
868:
831:
810:
808:
805:
773:
770:
764:
761:
712:
709:
691:
688:
570:
567:
532:
529:
482:
479:
438:, governor of
411:, Khan of the
397:
394:
375:Russian Empire
324:
323:
320:
319:
307:
303:
302:
297:
293:
292:
287:
281:
280:
278:Russian Empire
275:
271:
270:
266:
265:
262:
261:
258:
254:
253:
248:
242:
241:
238:
237:
235:
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225:
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131:
118:
114:
113:
100:
96:
95:
82:
78:
77:
74:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
49:
48:
42:
34:
33:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1172:
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1158:
1156:
1153:
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1146:
1143:
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1138:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1117:
1113:
1105:
1098:
1095:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1041:
1038:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1008:
995:
991:
985:
983:
981:
977:
964:
960:
954:
952:
950:
948:
944:
931:
927:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
902:
889:
885:
879:
877:
875:
873:
869:
856:
852:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
832:
828:
825:
821:
815:
812:
806:
804:
800:
795:
791:
786:
778:
771:
769:
762:
760:
756:
751:
746:
742:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
710:
708:
706:
705:Volga Germans
701:
697:
689:
687:
685:
681:
675:
670:
660:
655:
651:
647:
642:
638:
636:
632:
628:
621:
616:
612:
608:
602:
600:
596:
590:
585:
575:
568:
566:
564:
559:
556:
547:
542:
537:
530:
528:
526:
522:
521:major general
517:
515:
511:
507:
501:
496:
492:
488:
480:
478:
474:
469:
465:
462:and wrote in
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
435:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
408:
403:
395:
393:
391:
385:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
359:
353:
343:
334:
330:
321:
316:
311:
308:
304:
301:
300:Major general
298:
294:
291:
288:
282:
279:
276:
272:
267:
263:
259:
255:
252:
249:
247:
243:
229:
226:
223:
222:
219:
214:
210:
206:
204:
200:
193:
190:
189:
167:
166:
164:
160:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
127:
122:
119:
115:
109:
104:
101:
97:
91:
86:
83:
79:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
58:
54:
50:
46:
40:
35:
22:
19:
1155:Kazakh khans
1111:
1097:
1085:. Retrieved
1078:
1069:
1057:. Retrieved
1055:(in Russian)
1050:
1040:
1028:. Retrieved
1024:the original
1020:Great Steppe
1019:
1010:
998:. Retrieved
993:
967:. Retrieved
965:(in Russian)
962:
934:. Retrieved
932:(in Russian)
929:
892:. Retrieved
887:
859:. Retrieved
854:
826:
823:
814:
783:
766:
737:
714:
699:
693:
666:
649:
603:
580:
569:Land reforms
560:
552:
518:
484:
421:Genghis Khan
399:
328:
327:
306:Battles/wars
76:26 June 1824
18:
1140:1845 deaths
1135:1801 births
797: [
753: [
672: [
657: [
627:Caspian Sea
618: [
587: [
584:Khan Ordasy
544: [
541:Khan Ordasy
523:within the
516:of Europe.
498: [
487:Alexander I
471: [
432: [
413:Bukey Horde
405: [
382: [
371:Bukey Horde
313: [
130:(1815–1823)
124: [
106: [
88: [
81:Predecessor
57:Bukey Horde
1129:Categories
807:References
725:Karl Fuchs
615:Bezborodky
607:Bagrationi
595:Petersburg
514:grand tour
510:Nicholas I
506:coronation
468:Şiğai Khan
396:Early life
274:Allegiance
153:1845-08-11
121:Şiğai Khan
72:Coronation
994:Centrasia
352:romanized
99:Successor
741:Borjigin
648:'s 1826
637:rivers.
508:of Tsar
464:Chagatai
342:Cyrillic
284:Service/
1087:19 June
1059:19 June
1030:19 June
1000:19 June
969:19 June
936:19 June
894:19 June
861:19 June
717:anthrax
669:rose up
663:in 1836
611:Yusupov
452:Persian
448:Russian
390:anthrax
369:of the
354::
194:Salikha
187:
179:
175:
55:of the
963:Tarihy
855:Nur.kz
772:Legacy
733:sharia
698:and a
613:, and
491:Uralsk
460:German
456:Arabic
454:, and
444:Kazakh
333:Kazakh
286:branch
257:Father
228:Kazakh
162:Spouse
117:Regent
94:(1815)
1108:(PDF)
801:]
763:Death
757:]
700:sogym
696:zakat
676:]
661:]
631:Volga
622:]
591:]
548:]
502:]
481:Reign
475:]
436:]
425:Jochi
409:]
402:Bökei
386:]
317:]
260:Bökei
216:Names
203:Issue
191:Yuzum
181:(
177:
128:]
110:]
92:]
85:Bökei
63:Reign
1089:2023
1061:2023
1032:2023
1002:2023
971:2023
938:2023
896:2023
863:2023
723:and
682:and
635:Ural
633:and
563:beys
417:Töre
367:Khan
363:O.S.
296:Rank
251:Töre
246:Clan
147:Died
142:1801
139:Born
53:Khan
1131::
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1034:.
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331:(
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151:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
