71:
290:
890:
800:
2145:
2107:
2070:
1977:
1935:
1856:
1735:
1699:
1665:
1628:
1440:
1406:
764:
682:
560:
520:
480:
441:
1032:
today), and had to sail on their own hull to the venue of the
America's Cup (a criterion no longer in use today): the design for such an undertaking required the challenging boat to be more seaworthy than the American boats, whose design was purely for speed in closed waters regattas. The yachts that remain in existence are all British, and probably log more nautical miles today than they ever did. This would not have been possible if
1516:
1371:
1328:
31:
2025:
1895:
1810:
1774:
1589:
1553:
1478:
722:
642:
602:
401:
303:
2176:
911:, he challenged again for the last time at age 79, in 1929. The challenge drew all the novelties developed in the previous decade on small boats to be ported onto large boats, and pitted British and American yacht design in a technological race. Between 1930 and 1937, the improvements brought to the design of sailboats were numerous and significant:
886:) to the load waterline length the universal rule was proposed, taking into account displacement and length, which itself was a result of a formula taking into account such things as "quarter beam length". As different boats were designed and built, the notion of classes was derived to maintain groupings of competitive class.
854:) and Sail Area, racing boats at the time were becoming more and more extreme. Larger and larger sails atop shorter and wider boats leading either to unwieldy, and ultimately unsafe, boats or craft that simply were not competitive. In order to account, in some ways, for the beam and the relationship of the length overall (
280:
The numerator contains a yacht's speed-giving elements, length and sail area, while the retarding quantity of displacement is in the denominator. Also the result will be dimensionally correct; R will be a linear unit of length (such as feet or meters). J Class boats will have a rating from 65 to 76
1031:
All these improvements may not have been possible without the context of the
America's Cup and the stability offered by the Universal Rule. The competition was a bit unfair because the British challengers had to be constructed in the country of the Challenging Yacht Club (a criterion still in use
94:
for racing boats. The rule was established in 1903 and rates double-masted racers (classes A through H) and single-masted racers (classes I through S). From 1914 to 1937, the rule was used to determine eligibility for the
Americas Cup. In the late 1920s, the trend was towards smaller boats and so
306:
311:
309:
305:
304:
1039:
Yacht designer
Clinton Hoadley Crane noted in his memoirs that "America's Cup racing has never led to good sportsmanship. The attitude of the New York Yacht Club has been more that of a man in the forward position at war who has been ordered to hold his position at all costs –
310:
273:
Herreshoff initially proposed an index of .2 but ratifying committees of the various yacht clubs changed this to, at various times, .18 or .185. This is, essentially, a 'fudge factor' to allow some boats designed and built prior to the adoption of the
Universal Rule to
308:
281:
feet (20 to 23 m). This is not the overall length of the boat but a limiting factor for the variables in the equation. Designers are free to change any of the variables such as length or displacement but must reduce the other variables to compensate.
1050:
challenge when
America was facing a stock market crash, but the NYYC still built four cup defenders. The rivalry led both countries to put on a display of true technological innovations using the maximum load waterline length authorized by the rule for
1105:
The J Class rule was amended in 1937 to force rigs to weigh a minimum of 6,400 lb. The larger scantling would prevent the frequent dismastings that had been previously observed in the
British Big Class season of 1935.
1068:
because steel and lead had become precious to the war effort. In the post-war era, J Class racing was deemed far too expensive, so no challenge for the
America's Cup was placed until 1958 with the smaller third
339:
from 65 to 76 feet (20 to 23 m). Length overall (LOA) of the yachts ranged from 119 to 139 feet (36 to 42 m). Sail areas of the yachts ranged from 7,288 to 7,651 square feet (677.1 to 710.8 m).
171:
2867:
1175:
in 2004 accelerated the revival of the class. Several replicas and original designs were subsequently built and the association now organizes races for the J Class in
Newport, Falmouth and Cowes.
2545:"Players of the Game; Charles E. Nicholson. Designer of Shamrock V. A Builder of Yachts. Designed Famous Schooner. Is in Sole Charge. Challenger Sleek and Handsome. Very Successful at Starts"
1168:
In August 2001, as part of the celebration of the 150th
Jubilee of America's Cup celebration, the three existing J Class racers were brought to the Isle of Wight for a round the island race.
307:
2862:
884:
852:
2360:
2330:
2300:
337:
268:
246:
224:
198:
70:
2837:
2782:
1225:
collided while maneuvering at the start line of the Superyacht Challenge Antigua. Both boats retired from racing with damage; two sailors were injured.
3172:
2544:
2245:
3396:
3248:
2857:
2637:
118:
1313:
822:
was used to govern the design of boats for inter club racing. As the Seawanhaka Rule used only two variables: Load Waterline Length (
2687:
2666:
2647:
2626:
2588:
1084:
The original yachts carried 165 ft (50 m) masts, but they dismasted frequently. As a consequence, British yachtsman Sir
3373:
1014:
Development of nylon parachute (symmetric) spinnakers, including the World's largest at 18,000 sq ft (1,700 m) on
819:
2872:
3203:
2830:
2767:
2218:
3340:
3335:
3312:
2771:
3325:
3223:
1249:
1070:
96:
2368:
2338:
2308:
1410:
319:
A table of well-known J Class yachts demonstrating that application of the Universal Rule could result in a rating
2264:
2823:
2775:
2492:
1563:
2029:
1899:
1814:
1778:
1703:
1593:
1557:
1482:
1133:
1033:
889:
289:
2518:
3241:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
1447:
958:
2468:
1233:
Ten yachts were built to the J Class rule between 1930 and 1937, six in America and four in Great Britain.
3182:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
2750:
1085:
524:
484:
2790:
3258:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
799:
726:
646:
606:
405:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2893:
2888:
58:. The J Class is considered the apex of the era when the Universal Rule determined eligibility in the
3365:
3330:
2598:
2574:
1882:
1488:
1337:
1332:
686:
564:
445:
51:
1456:
Universal rule 75-footer defender trials (AC1920). converted to the I Class (1931). scrapped (1939)
3253:
2426:
1099:
940:
378:
1904:
1819:
1722:
2677:
3098:
2683:
2662:
2643:
2622:
2584:
2241:
2235:
2155:
2124:
1948:
1865:
1797:
1744:
1686:
1598:
1525:
1149:
1122:
1007:
895:
632:
1421:
Universal rule 75-footer defender (AC1920). converted to the J Class (1931). scrapped (1939)
3357:
3213:
3208:
3093:
2846:
2111:
2074:
1981:
1939:
1860:
1761:
1739:
1520:
1375:
1128:
931:
927:
908:
592:
363:
201:
59:
2804:
857:
825:
3318:
2726:
2222:
1990:
1840:
1144:
1089:
768:
368:
3177:
2549:
2391:
Clinton Crane's Yachting Memories: 60 Years as Yachtsman, Designer and Racing Authority
2083:
2034:
1922:
1649:
1057:
1023:
755:
358:
322:
294:
253:
231:
209:
183:
91:
55:
3390:
3231:
2615:
2185:
2144:
2106:
2078:
2069:
2048:
2004:
1985:
1976:
1943:
1934:
1855:
1829:
1734:
1698:
1664:
1627:
1439:
1415:
1405:
904:
763:
681:
559:
519:
479:
440:
2810:
2578:
2732:
1171:
The creation of the J Class Association in 2000 and the launch of a new replica of
1162:
1065:
1036:
did not obtain unlimited budgets to achieve the quality of build for these yachts.
373:
343:
Colors: Red: America's Cup challengers; Blue: defenders; Green: non-competitors
95:
agreement among American yacht clubs led to rule changes such that after 1937 the
2331:"1930–1934: An exchange of ideas, from the 'Park Avenue' to the 'North Circular'"
943:: one set previously (1914), two sets (1930), three sets (1934), four sets (1937)
3194:
2610:
2212:
916:
30:
1252:
23mR yachts were converted to the J Class, of which three remain in existence:
1165:
river – she was refitted in 1984, too, and then more completely in 1997.
1577:
1116:
1094:
1046:
966:
392:
17:
3103:
2180:
1874:
successful defender 4:2 (AC1934). defender trials (AC1937). scrapped (1940)
998:
988:
35:
3236:
2815:
2431:
1616:
1607:
Unsuccessful challenger (AC1930). restored by Pendennis shipyard (2001).
1515:
1370:
1327:
1073:
962:
920:
100:
2760:
David Glenn (2010-04-20). "Dr. Clark & Mr. de Waal's open letters".
2404:
2275:
2024:
1894:
1809:
1773:
1588:
1552:
1477:
1346:
YRA first class rater converted to the J Class (1931). scuttled (1936)
936:
Luff and foot grooved spars with rail and slides replacing wooden hoops
721:
641:
601:
400:
2175:
811:
200:
is boat length (a number itself derived from a formula that includes
1383:
23mR converted to the J Class (1930). scrapped to cast the lead for
1098:) suggested an America's Cup challenge in the smaller K-Class. The
2189:
947:
888:
798:
301:
288:
166:{\displaystyle R={\frac {0.18\cdot L\cdot {\sqrt {S}}}{\sqrt{D}}}}
69:
47:
2617:
An America's Cup Treasury: The Lost Levick Photographs, 1893–1937
2580:
Enterprise: The Story of the Defense of the America's Cup in 1930
50:(sometimes called "J-boats") were built to the specifications of
3294:
3289:
3282:
3277:
3270:
3265:
2696:
2038:
1994:
1952:
1869:
1748:
1709:
1673:
1636:
1602:
1451:
1114:
By the 1980s only three J Class yachts were still in existence:
2819:
2088:
original design (model "77F", 1937) built by Claasen Jachtbouw
1908:
1823:
1784:
1529:
1492:
1341:
2453:
1678:
defender trials (AC1930, AC1934, AC1937). scrapped (1941)
1534:
23mR refitted (1995, 2001).re-rated as a J Class (2003)
1248:(William Gardner, 1914) served as trial horses and most
90:
The J Class is one of several classes deriving from the
987:
Riveted aluminium mast (4,000 lb (1,800 kg),
1913:
unsuccessful challenger 0:4 (AC1937). scrapped (1968)
1568:
23mR converted to the J Class (1931). refitted (1989)
1497:
23mR converted to the J Class (1931). refitted (1987)
1064:
Most J Class yachts were scrapped prior to or during
860:
828:
325:
256:
234:
212:
186:
121:
1044:." In 1930, Thomas Lipton spent $ 1,000,000 for his
3349:
3305:
3222:
3191:
3090:
2881:
2699:- J Class refit, optimization and replica design (
2614:
1957:successful defender 4:0 (AC1937). scrapped (1941)
1828:unsuccessful challenger 2:4 (AC1934). restored by
1753:successful defender 4:0 (AC1930). scrapped (1935)
1641:defender trials (AC1930, AC1934). scrapped (1938)
1236:Other boats raced in J Class regattas: the yachts
878:
846:
331:
262:
240:
218:
192:
165:
2194:original design (1937) built by Vitters Shipyard
818:Prior to the adoption of the Universal Rule, the
2753:- 1989 article about Elizabeth Meyer's refit of
1178:The current J Class fleet comprises nine boats:
2240:. The Rudder publishing company. p. 146.
2154:original design (proposal "A", 1935) built by
1789:restored by Southampton Yacht Services (1997)
2831:
1140:never served for an America's Cup challenge.
961:borrowed from aeronautics with repeaters for
8:
2636:François Chevalier; Jacques Taglang (2002).
2215:History of the Universal Rule of Measurement
2659:Enterprise to Endeavour: The J-Class Yachts
2519:"Day 1 at the Superyacht Challenge Antigua"
2838:
2824:
2816:
1714:defender trials (AC1930). scrapped (1935)
1143:A revival of the J Class was triggered by
345:
2259:
2257:
859:
827:
324:
293:Crew lining the gunwale of J Class yacht
255:
233:
211:
185:
155:
143:
128:
120:
2169:
2138:
2100:
2063:
2018:
1970:
1928:
1888:
1849:
1803:
1767:
1728:
1692:
1658:
1621:
1582:
1546:
1509:
1471:
1433:
1399:
1321:
1294:
1269:
1266:
29:
2205:
984:, 1934) developed to trim mainsail foot
2583:. Charles Scribner's Sons Publishers.
2265:"The J Class rating rule adapted from
2811:Classic Boat's History of the J Class
2605:. Charles Scribner's Sons Publishers.
2393:. D. Van Nostrand Sporting, New York.
1380:Myles Burton Kennedy, Royal Albert YC
7:
795:History and evolution of the J Class
980:, 1930) and "North Circular" boom (
2493:"VIDEO: Massive J Class collision"
2467:Charl van Rooy (2 February 2017).
25:
2301:"1930–1934: Electric instruments"
1708:Landon Ketchum Thorne syndicate,
1672:John Silsbee Lawrence syndicate,
1244:(Nathanael Herreshoff, 1914) and
926:Solid-rod lenticular rigging for
3374:The Billionaire and the Mechanic
2174:
2143:
2105:
2068:
2023:
1975:
1933:
1893:
1854:
1808:
1772:
1733:
1697:
1663:
1626:
1587:
1551:
1514:
1476:
1438:
1404:
1369:
1326:
946:Multiplication of the number of
762:
720:
687:Herreshoff Manufacturing Company
680:
640:
600:
565:Herreshoff Manufacturing Company
558:
518:
478:
446:Herreshoff Manufacturing Company
439:
399:
2469:"Vitters launches J Class Svea"
1301:First ship-owner and Yacht Club
1210:and, launched in January 2017,
1161:lay derelict in the mud of the
2427:"Happy birthday America's Cup"
2389:Clinton Hoadley Crane (1952).
1916:
1877:
1835:
1792:
1756:
1717:
1681:
1644:
1610:
1571:
1268:
1005:, 1934) and quadrangular jib (
749:
709:
669:
627:
587:
547:
507:
467:
428:
386:
1:
2361:"1934: The quadrilateral jib"
1783:William Lawrence Stephenson,
1537:
1500:
1459:
1424:
1390:
1349:
1307:
3326:Louis Vuitton Pacific Series
2873:History of the America's Cup
1846:
1655:
1468:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1318:
1147:, who oversaw the refits of
907:'s near success in the 1920
3397:Development sailing classes
3091:Challenger Selection Series
2789:. IPC Media. Archived from
2642:. Yachting Heritage Press.
1411:Nathanael Greene Herreshoff
899:of 1934, shown here in 1996
3413:
3341:Italy at the America's Cup
3192:Defender Selection Series
2807:- videos of J Class yachts
2735:- J Class replica design (
2621:. Mariner's Museum Press.
2523:J Class Yachts Association
1635:George Nichols syndicate,
1274:did not compete or qualify
1240:(Starling Burgess, 1927),
1102:refused the drop in size.
2863:Challengers and defenders
2853:
2682:. Strawberry Publishing.
2661:. Adlard Coles Nautical.
2365:America's Cup AC-Clopedia
2335:America's Cup AC-Clopedia
2305:America's Cup AC-Clopedia
2781:David Glenn (May 2010).
2697:Dykstra Naval Architects
2497:Scuttlebutt Sailing News
2237:Elements of Yacht Design
2234:Norman L. Skene (1904).
2030:Charles Ernest Nicholson
1900:Charles Ernest Nicholson
1815:Charles Ernest Nicholson
1779:Charles Ernest Nicholson
1704:Lewis Francis Herreshoff
1594:Charles Ernest Nicholson
1558:Charles Ernest Nicholson
1483:Charles Ernest Nicholson
1134:Charles Ernest Nicholson
1034:Charles Ernest Nicholson
959:navigational instruments
2727:Sparkman & Stephens
1562:Hermann Anton Andreae,
1448:Alexander Smith Cochran
525:George Lawley & Son
485:George Lawley & Son
315:Video of a J Class race
3101:(1983–2017 & 2024)
2783:"The Enduring J Class"
2221:March 8, 2012, at the
1229:List of J Class yachts
1157:. For several decades
900:
880:
848:
815:
810:racing at the J Class
333:
316:
299:
264:
242:
220:
194:
167:
107:Universal Rule formula
87:
39:
27:Class of racing yachts
2868:Competing yacht clubs
2676:David Pitman (2014).
2603:On the Wind's Highway
2454:"J Class Association"
2405:"J5 - Ranger History"
1632:Clinton Hoadley Crane
1021:Duralumin wing-mast,
892:
881:
879:{\displaystyle L.O.A}
849:
847:{\displaystyle L.W.L}
802:
727:Camper and Nicholsons
647:Camper and Nicholsons
607:Camper and Nicholsons
406:Camper and Nicholsons
334:
314:
292:
265:
243:
221:
202:Load Waterline Length
195:
168:
73:
33:
3331:Louis Vuitton Trophy
2599:Harold S. Vanderbilt
2575:Harold S. Vanderbilt
1489:Adam Mortimer Singer
1338:Prince Albert Edward
1333:George Lennox Watson
976:"Park Avenue" boom (
858:
826:
323:
254:
232:
210:
184:
119:
52:Nathanael Herreshoff
2116:Chris Gongriep, ZZV
1271:J Class conversions
1217:On March 12, 2020,
1100:New York Yacht Club
2269:, by Earl Boebert"
2213:universalrule.com
1905:Sir Thomas Sopwith
1820:Sir Thomas Sopwith
1250:International Rule
1132:, all designed by
1071:International Rule
939:Multiplication of
923:on large sailboats
901:
876:
844:
816:
329:
317:
300:
260:
238:
216:
190:
163:
99:would be used for
97:International Rule
88:
40:
38:of a J Class yacht
3384:
3383:
3336:AC45 World Series
3099:Louis Vuitton Cup
2958:
2679:Ranger to Rainbow
2657:Ian Dear (2004).
2553:. August 18, 1930
2473:Super Yacht Times
2359:Jacques Taglang.
2329:Jacques Taglang.
2299:Jacques Taglang.
2247:978-1-57409-134-2
2198:
2197:
2156:Holland Jachtbouw
2149:Frank Cabot Paine
2125:Holland Jachtbouw
1999:replica of "77C"-
1949:Harold Vanderbilt
1866:Harold Vanderbilt
1745:Harold Vanderbilt
1669:Frank Cabot Paine
1599:Sir Thomas Lipton
1526:Sir William Berry
792:
791:
332:{\displaystyle R}
312:
263:{\displaystyle R}
241:{\displaystyle D}
219:{\displaystyle S}
193:{\displaystyle L}
161:
160:
148:
16:(Redirected from
3404:
3094:Herbert Pell Cup
2956:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2817:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2787:Superyacht World
2765:
2729:- J Class design
2693:
2672:
2653:
2632:
2620:
2606:
2594:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2435:. 18 August 2001
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2367:. Archived from
2356:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2337:. Archived from
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2307:. Archived from
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2280:
2274:. Archived from
2273:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2231:
2225:
2210:
2179:
2178:
2148:
2147:
2123:(1934) built by
2112:Starling Burgess
2110:
2109:
2075:Starling Burgess
2073:
2072:
2047:(1936) built by
2028:
2027:
2003:(1937) built by
1991:John A. Williams
1982:Starling Burgess
1980:
1979:
1940:Starling Burgess
1938:
1937:
1898:
1897:
1861:Starling Burgess
1859:
1858:
1813:
1812:
1777:
1776:
1740:Starling Burgess
1738:
1737:
1702:
1701:
1668:
1667:
1631:
1630:
1592:
1591:
1556:
1555:
1521:William Fife III
1519:
1518:
1481:
1480:
1443:
1442:
1409:
1408:
1376:William Fife III
1374:
1373:
1355:White Heather II
1331:
1330:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1267:
1080:Rigging problems
915:The high-aspect
885:
883:
882:
877:
853:
851:
850:
845:
767:
766:
731:135 ft 6 in
725:
724:
691:127 ft 6 in
685:
684:
651:129 ft 6 in
645:
644:
611:127 ft 6 in
605:
604:
569:120 ft 9 in
563:
562:
523:
522:
483:
482:
450:125 ft 9 in
444:
443:
410:119 ft 1 in
404:
403:
346:
338:
336:
335:
330:
313:
285:J Class examples
269:
267:
266:
261:
247:
245:
244:
239:
225:
223:
222:
217:
199:
197:
196:
191:
172:
170:
169:
164:
162:
159:
151:
150:
149:
144:
129:
21:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3345:
3301:
3218:
3193:
3187:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3086:
2877:
2849:
2844:
2796:
2794:
2780:
2759:
2690:
2675:
2669:
2656:
2650:
2635:
2629:
2609:
2597:
2591:
2573:
2570:
2568:Further reading
2565:
2556:
2554:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2525:. 12 March 2020
2517:
2516:
2512:
2502:
2500:
2499:. 12 March 2020
2491:
2490:
2486:
2477:
2475:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2438:
2436:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2410:
2408:
2407:. sy-ranger.com
2403:
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2383:
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2314:
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2298:
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2293:
2284:
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2278:
2271:
2263:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2223:Wayback Machine
2211:
2207:
2203:
2173:
2142:
2104:
2067:
2022:
1974:
1932:
1892:
1853:
1807:
1771:
1732:
1696:
1662:
1625:
1586:
1550:
1513:
1475:
1444:William Gardner
1437:
1418:syndicate, NYYC
1403:
1368:
1325:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1231:
1145:Elizabeth Meyer
1112:
1092:, and owner of
1090:Fairey Aviation
1082:
856:
855:
824:
823:
820:Seawanhaka Rule
797:
769:Bath Iron Works
761:
737:21 ft 6 in
719:
679:
660:14 ft 9 in
654:83 ft 6 in
639:
617:21 ft 6 in
599:
578:14 ft 6 in
557:
538:15 ft 6 in
535:21 ft 9 in
517:
498:14 ft 6 in
495:22 ft 6 in
477:
459:14 ft 6 in
438:
419:14 ft 9 in
413:81 ft 1 in
398:
321:
320:
302:
287:
252:
251:
248:is displacement
230:
229:
208:
207:
182:
181:
130:
117:
116:
109:
74:J Class yachts
68:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3410:
3408:
3400:
3399:
3389:
3388:
3382:
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2999:
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2865:
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2854:
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2850:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2802:
2778:
2762:Yachting World
2757:
2751:New York Times
2748:
2730:
2724:
2694:
2688:
2673:
2667:
2654:
2648:
2633:
2627:
2607:
2595:
2589:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2550:New York Times
2536:
2510:
2484:
2459:
2445:
2418:
2396:
2381:
2351:
2321:
2291:
2253:
2246:
2226:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2183:
2171:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2140:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2117:
2114:
2102:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2084:Harold Goddijn
2081:
2065:
2062:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2041:
2035:James H. Clark
2032:
2020:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2007:
1997:
1988:
1972:
1969:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1946:
1930:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1902:
1890:
1887:
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1876:
1875:
1872:
1863:
1851:
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1795:
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1560:
1548:
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1540:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1523:
1511:
1508:
1503:
1499:
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1495:
1485:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1462:
1458:
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1454:
1445:
1435:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1413:
1401:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1378:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1352:
1348:
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1323:
1320:
1317:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1230:
1227:
1111:
1108:
1086:Richard Fairey
1081:
1078:
1043:
1029:
1028:
1019:
1012:
996:
985:
974:
955:
950:: 23 winches,
944:
937:
934:
924:
903:Following Sir
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
796:
793:
790:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
759:
752:
748:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
717:
712:
708:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
677:
672:
668:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
637:
630:
626:
625:
623:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
597:
590:
586:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
555:
550:
546:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
515:
510:
506:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
475:
470:
466:
465:
462:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
436:
431:
427:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
396:
389:
385:
384:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
353:
350:
328:
286:
283:
278:
277:
276:
275:
271:
259:
249:
237:
227:
215:
205:
204:L.W.L in feet)
189:
158:
154:
147:
142:
139:
136:
133:
127:
124:
113:Universal Rule
108:
105:
92:Universal Rule
67:
66:Universal Rule
64:
56:Universal Rule
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3409:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3366:The Wind Gods
3363:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3190:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2848:
2847:America's Cup
2841:
2836:
2834:
2829:
2827:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2793:on 2010-09-05
2792:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2763:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2689:9780957615625
2685:
2681:
2680:
2674:
2670:
2668:9780713669053
2664:
2660:
2655:
2651:
2649:9782951912106
2645:
2641:
2640:
2634:
2630:
2628:9780917376511
2624:
2619:
2618:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2590:9781178542097
2586:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2460:
2455:
2449:
2446:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2406:
2400:
2397:
2392:
2385:
2382:
2371:on 2011-07-07
2370:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2352:
2341:on 2011-07-07
2340:
2336:
2332:
2325:
2322:
2311:on 2011-07-07
2310:
2306:
2302:
2295:
2292:
2281:on 2011-07-23
2277:
2270:
2268:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2209:
2206:
2200:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2186:Thomas Siebel
2184:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2079:Olin Stephens
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2049:Royal Huisman
2046:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2005:Royal Denship
2002:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1986:Olin Stephens
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1944:Olin Stephens
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1831:
1830:Royal Huisman
1827:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1417:
1416:Henry Walters
1414:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1088:(Chairman of
1087:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1000:
997:
994:
990:
986:
983:
979:
975:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
953:
949:
945:
942:
941:spreader sets
938:
935:
933:
929:
925:
922:
919:replaces the
918:
914:
913:
912:
910:
909:America's Cup
906:
905:Thomas Lipton
898:
897:
891:
887:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
821:
814:regatta, 2012
813:
809:
805:
801:
794:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
770:
765:
760:
758:
757:
753:
750:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
728:
723:
718:
716:
713:
710:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
688:
683:
678:
676:
673:
670:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
648:
643:
638:
636:
635:
631:
628:
624:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
608:
603:
598:
596:
595:
591:
588:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
566:
561:
556:
554:
551:
548:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
526:
521:
516:
514:
511:
508:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
486:
481:
476:
474:
471:
468:
463:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
447:
442:
437:
435:
432:
429:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
407:
402:
397:
395:
394:
390:
387:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
347:
344:
341:
326:
298:
297:
291:
284:
282:
272:
257:
250:
235:
228:
213:
206:
203:
187:
180:
179:
178:
177:
176:
173:
156:
152:
145:
140:
137:
134:
131:
125:
122:
114:
106:
104:
103:class boats.
102:
98:
93:
86:downwind legs
85:
81:
77:
72:
65:
63:
61:
60:America's Cup
57:
53:
49:
45:
37:
32:
19:
18:J-class yacht
3372:
3364:
3356:
3317:
2858:Deed of Gift
2795:. Retrieved
2791:the original
2786:
2764:. IPC Media.
2761:
2754:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2678:
2658:
2638:
2616:
2602:
2579:
2555:. Retrieved
2548:
2539:
2527:. Retrieved
2522:
2513:
2501:. Retrieved
2496:
2487:
2476:. Retrieved
2472:
2462:
2448:
2437:. Retrieved
2430:
2421:
2409:. Retrieved
2399:
2390:
2384:
2373:. Retrieved
2369:the original
2364:
2354:
2343:. Retrieved
2339:the original
2334:
2324:
2313:. Retrieved
2309:the original
2304:
2294:
2283:. Retrieved
2276:the original
2266:
2236:
2229:
2214:
2208:
2165:
2134:
2120:
2096:
2059:
2045:Endeavour II
2044:
2014:
2000:
1966:
1923:
1884:Endeavour II
1883:
1841:
1798:
1762:
1723:
1687:
1650:
1615:
1576:
1542:
1505:
1464:
1429:
1395:
1384:
1354:
1312:
1304:Description
1261:
1257:
1253:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1137:
1127:
1121:
1115:
1113:
1104:
1093:
1083:
1066:World War II
1063:
1056:
1053:Endeavour II
1052:
1045:
1042:at all costs
1038:
1030:
1022:
1016:Endeavour II
1015:
1006:
1002:
992:
981:
977:
970:
951:
902:
894:
893:The J Class
817:
807:
803:
788:7,546 sq ft
754:
746:7,543 sq ft
715:Endeavour II
714:
706:7,535 sq ft
674:
666:7,651 sq ft
633:
593:
584:7,583 sq ft
552:
544:7,335 sq ft
512:
504:7,288 sq ft
472:
464:7,550 sq ft
433:
425:7,540 sq ft
391:
379:Displacement
342:
318:
295:
279:
226:is sail area
174:
115:formula is:
112:
110:
89:
83:
79:
75:
43:
41:
3197:(1992–1995)
3195:Citizen Cup
3096:(1958–1980)
2957:(postponed)
2805:youtube.com
2733:Hoek Design
2611:Gary Jobson
2411:21 November
2119:replica of
2043:replica of
1868:syndicate,
1747:syndicate,
1277:Challengers
957:Electrical
917:bermuda rig
773:135 ft
529:139 ft
489:126 ft
3313:Challenger
2797:2010-08-05
2709:Shamrock V
2557:2010-12-14
2478:2017-02-26
2439:2015-06-19
2375:2010-02-03
2345:2010-02-03
2315:2010-02-03
2285:2009-11-24
2267:Yankee III
1724:Enterprise
1578:Shamrock V
1200:Shamrock V
1155:Shamrock V
1117:Shamrock V
1095:Shamrock V
1047:Shamrock V
993:Enterprise
978:Enterprise
967:anemometer
952:Enterprise
782:15 ft
779:21 ft
776:87 ft
740:15 ft
734:87 ft
700:15 ft
697:21 ft
694:82 ft
657:22 ft
620:15 ft
614:83 ft
575:23 ft
572:80 ft
553:Enterprise
532:86 ft
492:83 ft
456:20 ft
453:83 ft
416:20 ft
393:Shamrock V
383:Sail area
46:of racing
3104:Prada Cup
2755:Endeavour
2737:Lionheart
2701:Endeavour
2201:Citations
2181:Tore Holm
2060:Lionheart
1799:Endeavour
1688:Whirlwind
1314:Britannia
1280:Defenders
1188:Lionheart
1180:Endeavour
1150:Endeavour
1123:Endeavour
1061:in 1937.
1008:Endeavour
999:Genoa Jib
989:Duralumin
971:Whirlwind
896:Endeavour
634:Endeavour
513:Whirlwind
270:is rating
141:⋅
135:⋅
36:sail plan
3391:Category
3259:regattas
3237:12-Metre
2882:Editions
2776:letter 3
2772:letter 2
2768:letter 1
2705:Velsheda
2613:(2000).
2601:(1939).
2577:(1931).
2529:14 March
2503:13 March
2432:BBC News
2219:Archived
1763:Velsheda
1617:Weetamoe
1396:Resolute
1385:Velsheda
1298:Designer
1283:replicas
1242:Resolute
1204:Velsheda
1159:Velsheda
1138:Velsheda
1129:Velsheda
1074:12 Metre
963:windvane
921:gaff rig
808:Velsheda
785:166 tons
743:162 tons
703:141 tons
663:143 tons
594:Velsheda
581:128 tons
541:158 tons
501:148 tons
434:Weetamoe
422:134 tons
274:compete.
101:12 Metre
76:Velsheda
3322:(yacht)
3319:America
3306:Related
3232:J Class
2721:Rainbow
2717:Hanuman
2639:J CLASS
2121:Rainbow
2097:Rainbow
2015:Hanuman
1842:Rainbow
1832:(1989)
1543:Candida
1506:Cambria
1430:Vanitie
1387:(1932)
1262:Candida
1258:Cambria
1246:Vanitie
1238:Katoura
1192:Rainbow
1184:Hanuman
1110:Revival
1076:class.
1011:, 1934)
1003:Rainbow
982:Rainbow
948:winches
928:shrouds
804:Rainbow
675:Rainbow
374:Draught
355:Builder
175:Where:
44:J Class
3377:(book)
3369:(film)
3361:(film)
3254:yachts
3242:yachts
3106:(2021)
2713:Ranger
2686:
2665:
2646:
2625:
2587:
2244:
2077:&
2058:"77F"-
2001:Ranger
1984:&
1967:Ranger
1965:"77C"-
1942:&
1924:Ranger
1921:"77C"-
1651:Yankee
1289:Launch
1208:Topaz,
1196:Ranger
1173:Ranger
1163:Hamble
1058:Ranger
1027:(1937)
1024:Ranger
1018:(1936)
995:(1930)
973:(1930)
954:(1930)
812:Solent
756:Ranger
473:Yankee
349:Launch
296:Ranger
48:yachts
34:1930s
3350:Media
3283:AC45F
3224:Class
2741:Topaz
2279:(PDF)
2272:(PDF)
2190:StFYC
2135:Topaz
1465:Astra
1254:Astra
1223:Topaz
932:stays
80:Topaz
3358:Wind
3295:AC40
3290:AC75
3278:AC50
3271:AC45
3266:AC72
3249:IACC
3214:1995
3209:1992
3204:1987
3183:2024
3178:2021
3173:2017
3168:2013
3163:2007
3158:2003
3153:2000
3148:1995
3143:1992
3138:1987
3133:1983
3128:1980
3123:1977
3118:1974
3113:1970
3082:2024
3077:2021
3072:2017
3067:2013
3062:2010
3057:2007
3052:2003
3047:2000
3042:1995
3037:1992
3032:1988
3027:1987
3022:1983
3017:1980
3012:1977
3007:1974
3002:1970
2997:1967
2992:1964
2987:1962
2982:1958
2977:1937
2972:1934
2967:1930
2962:1920
2954:1914
2949:1903
2944:1901
2939:1899
2934:1895
2929:1893
2924:1887
2919:1886
2914:1885
2909:1881
2904:1876
2899:1871
2894:1870
2889:1851
2745:Svea
2684:ISBN
2663:ISBN
2644:ISBN
2623:ISBN
2585:ISBN
2531:2020
2505:2020
2413:2015
2242:ISBN
2166:Svea
2162:2017
2131:2015
2093:2012
2055:2010
2039:NYYC
2011:2009
1995:NYYC
1962:2004
1953:NYYC
1918:1937
1879:1936
1870:NYYC
1837:1934
1794:1934
1758:1933
1749:NYYC
1719:1930
1710:NYYC
1683:1930
1674:NYYC
1659:JUS2
1646:1930
1637:NYYC
1612:1930
1603:RUYC
1573:1930
1564:RSYC
1539:1929
1502:1928
1487:Sir
1461:1928
1452:NYYC
1426:1914
1392:1914
1351:1907
1309:1893
1295:Sail
1292:Name
1260:and
1221:and
1219:Svea
1212:Svea
1153:and
1126:and
1055:and
965:and
930:and
806:and
751:1937
711:1936
671:1934
629:1934
589:1933
549:1930
509:1930
469:1930
430:1930
388:1930
369:Beam
352:Name
132:0.18
111:The
84:Svea
82:and
42:The
2170:JS1
2101:JH2
2064:JH1
2019:JK6
1909:RYS
1889:JK6
1824:RYS
1804:JK4
1785:RYS
1768:JK7
1583:JK3
1530:RYS
1493:RYS
1472:JK2
1342:RYS
991:),
364:LWL
359:LOA
54:'s
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2785:.
2774:-
2770:-
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2256:^
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1971:J5
1951:,
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1907:,
1850:J4
1847:J5
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1601:,
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1528:,
1510:K4
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