165:, season 4, episode 2). Spinelli, who fled Detroit and the so-called Purple Gang she ran with—earning her the nickname "The Duchess"—settled in San Francisco, where she regularly took in young, delinquent, homeless men. She would cook and clean for them and train them to be professional criminals. The men received a ten-dollar weekly allowance, with Spinelli receiving the
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On April 8th 1940, two of
Spinelli's protégés, Albert Ives and Raymond Sherrod, killed Leland Cash during an armed robbery in San Francisco. Due to his deafness, Cash did not hear the request to put his hands up and was shot in the stomach. Fearing Sherrod would confess to the police, Spinelli gave
33:
227:. Following two further repreives, she was executed on November 21, 1941, at the age of 52, in the gas chamber at San Quentin. A week later, Mike Simeone her 'first lieutenant and common-law husband' was executed, along with Gordon Hawkins.
203:
Her gang members testified against her at her trial. On May 30th
Spinelli, Ives, Simeone and Hawkins were found guilty. She appealed (along with her co-defendants Simeone and Hawkins) in 1941, however their appeals were unsuccessful.
215:, as "the coldest, hardest character, male or female, I have ever known, a homely, scrawny, nearsighted, sharp-featured scarecrow. ... The Duchess was a hag, evil as a witch, horrible to look at, impossible to like."
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193:. However, the autopsy showed there was no water in his lungs. Fearing for his own survival, Ives confessed to the police and was later committed to
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181:. The gang then beat him up while he was unconscious. To make his death appear accidental, they threw him off the Clarksburg bridge on the
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described
Spinelli as a "stone cold psychopath who had no use for anybody, other than what she could get out of them."(
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640:"WOMAN EXECUTED IN GAS CHAMBER; Gang-Leading Grandmother, 52, First of Sex Legally Put to Death in California"
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313:"Juanita 'The Duchess' Spinelli: The first woman legally executed in Calif. ran an SF crime school"
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Police ballistics matched the bullet that killed Cash with a gun that belonged to
Spinelli.
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695:"Evening star. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1854-1972, November 28, 1941, Image 18"
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190:
178:
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338:"Juanita "The Duchess" Spinelli: The first woman to lead a major organized crime family"
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527:"People v. Ives - 17 Cal.2d 459 - Fri, 02/21/1941 | California Supreme Court Resources"
158:
581:"The Tacoma times. [volume] (Tacoma, Wash.) 1903-1949, June 21, 1941, Image 2"
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611:"Imperial Valley press. (El Centro, Calif.) 1907-current, November 20, 1941, Image 1"
480:"The Nome nugget. [volume] (Nome, Alaska) 1938-????, April 17, 1940, Image 1"
365:"The Nome nugget. [volume] (Nome, Alaska) 1938-????, April 17, 1940, Image 1"
224:
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of their ill-gotten gains. Her daughter
Lorraine, known as "Gypsy", regularly used a
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425:"Imperial Valley press. (El Centro, Calif.) 1907-current, April 17, 1940, Image 2"
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454:"San Pedro News Pilot 18 June 1941 — California Digital Newspaper Collection"
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395:"The daily monitor. (Mount Clemens, Mich.) 1940-1942, June 19, 1941, Image 1"
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98:
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259:"The Duchess: first woman executed in San Quentin's gas chamber"
553:"Reluctance to Execute Women May Save Mother Who Killed 3 Sons"
37:
The
Duchess: first woman executed in San Quentin's gas chamber.
693:
Humanities, National
Endowment for the (November 28, 1941).
609:
Humanities, National
Endowment for the (November 20, 1941).
478:
Humanities, National
Endowment for the (April 17, 1940).
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Humanities, National
Endowment for the (April 17, 1940).
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Humanities, National Endowment for the (April 17, 1940).
223:
Spinelli's original execution was delayed for 30 days by
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Humanities, National Endowment for the (June 21, 1941).
393:
Humanities, National Endowment for the (June 19, 1941).
145:, was the first woman to be executed by the state of
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to snare drunken men, who were consequently mugged.
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141:(October 17, 1889 – November 21, 1941) nicknamed
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805:People executed by California by gas chamber
765:20th-century executions of American people
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20:
515:. Season 4. Episode 4E2. August 19, 2010.
800:People convicted of murder by California
669:"Last Steps and Last Words on Death Row"
285:"Spinelli, Evelita Juanita (1889–1941)"
250:
197:. Spinelli was consequently arrested.
241:episode, "The Duchess Spinelli Case".
235:Her story was dramatized on TV in the
149:. She was a gangster and ex-wrestler.
760:20th-century executions by California
551:Chawkins, Steve (November 26, 2001).
7:
306:
304:
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177:him whiskey that she had laced with
770:American people executed for murder
667:Roderick, Kevin (March 28, 1990).
311:Keraghosian, Greg (July 6, 2020).
14:
1:
790:Executed American gangsters
724:"The Duchess Spinelli Case"
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780:American female gangsters
775:American female murderers
132:
104:
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213:San Quentin State Prison
195:Mendocino State Hospital
139:Evelita Juanita Spinelli
89:Execution by gas chamber
73:San Quentin State Prison
795:Executed American women
77:San Quentin, California
207:She was described by
648:. November 22, 1941
531:scocal.stanford.edu
265:. November 21, 2017
263:Horror History .net
117:First degree murder
85:Cause of death
785:American gangsters
645:The New York Times
295:on August 8, 2014.
231:In popular culture
673:Los Angeles Times
558:Los Angeles Times
344:. August 19, 2020
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65:November 21, 1941
16:American murderer
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183:Sacramento River
153:Criminal history
123:Criminal penalty
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53:October 17, 1889
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513:Deadly Women
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458:cdnc.ucr.edu
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322:December 19,
320:. Retrieved
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293:the original
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267:. Retrieved
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238:Gang Busters
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167:lion's share
163:Deadly Women
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67:(1941-11-21)
18:
755:1941 deaths
750:1889 births
143:The Duchess
744:Categories
708:August 27,
624:August 27,
594:August 27,
536:August 27,
493:August 27,
463:August 27,
438:August 27,
408:August 27,
378:August 27,
348:August 26,
245:References
187:Sacramento
171:honey trap
147:California
49:1889-10-17
703:2331-9968
619:1072-9283
589:2158-4729
509:"Outlaws"
488:0745-9106
433:1072-9283
403:2769-4143
373:0745-9106
219:Execution
289:Highbeam
99:Executed
678:June 8,
652:June 8,
564:June 8,
269:May 22,
701:
617:
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431:
401:
371:
342:SFGate
317:SFGATE
79:, U.S.
127:Death
729:IMDb
710:2024
699:ISSN
680:2014
654:2014
626:2024
615:ISSN
596:2024
585:ISSN
566:2014
538:2024
495:2024
484:ISSN
465:2024
440:2024
429:ISSN
410:2024
399:ISSN
380:2024
369:ISSN
350:2024
324:2021
271:2018
62:Died
43:Born
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
