295:. The claim argues a narrative that because Alexander Jannaeus persecuted the Pharisees, and later Salome Alexandra expelled the Sadducees, once Simeon ben Shetach began restoring the Sanhedrin, there was little check on his power. Thus, as part of Simeon's reorganization of the Sanhedrin, he introduced new laws that were hitherto unknown, but which he claimed originated with
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conduct, and in directing those closely connected with them. From the days of Judah ben Tabbai and Simon ben
Shetach, the rule of Judean Law, according to the view of the Pharisees, may be said to have begun, and it grew and developed under each succeeding generation. These two celebrated men have therefore been called "Restorers of the
319:
axiomatic. The
Karaite disagreements are inherently historical – for example, the Karaites maintain that sexual intercourse is "work" prohibited on the sabbath, while the Rabbis disagree. More than an interpretative question, at the time of the disagreement one can see what had been historically done.
274:
in which a false witness testified, he ordered that the false witness be executed even though the defendant was not punished. According to the Talmud, this was wrong, since, under
Pharisaic rules, a false witness could only be punished if there were two or more false witnesses, and in this particular
216:
of old, these two zealous men insisted upon a return to the strictest form of
Judaism; and, if they were often obliged to employ severe and violent measures, these are not to be accounted to any personal malice, but to the sterness of the age itself. They were indeed scrupulously strict in their own
318:
However, the
Karaites themselves follow their own version of an oral tradition, called Sevel HaYerusah. It is further recognized that the ambiguities in the Written Torah did not prevent Moses and the jews from fulfilling it with certain specifications, making the existence of oral traditions
207:
With the help of Simon undertook the reorganization of the , the improvement of the administration of the law, the re-establishment of neglected religious observances, the furthering of education, and generally the fashioning of such regulations as the times required. Like
322:
Moreover, the official
Pharisaic history written in 200 CE lists Judah Ben Tabai as a generational link in the chain of their oral teachings from Moses. Rabbinic historians have never considered this Karaite claim worth responding to.
275:
case, only one of the witnesses was deemed to be a false witness. Upon realizing this error, Judah spent time at the grave of the false witness that he ordered to be executed, crying and seeking forgiveness.
266:
held that the false witness is punished only if the defendant has already been punished. However, according to the
Pharisees, the false witness could be punished even if the defendant was never punished.
311:, which is Judaism based on the Written Torah and the new oral laws, whereas Judah and his followers, and all the Pharisees who continued to follow only the Written Torah, became the founders of
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of the
Sanhedrin. Simeon ben Shetach wrote a flattering letter to Judah ben Tabbai, who was still in Alexandria, inviting him to return to Jerusalem to become the
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172:. The Pharisees now became not only a tolerated section of the community, but actually the ruling class. Salome Alexandra installed as
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History of the Jews: From the Reign of
Hyrcanus (135 B. C. E) to the Completion of the Babylonian Talmud (500 C. E. )
566:
The
William Davidson digital edition of the Koren Noé Talmud, with commentary by Rabbi Adin Even-Israel Steinsaltz
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And when the litigants have taken their leave, see them as innocent, should they have accepted the decision.
307:, the written law which was known since ancient times. Thus, Simeon and his followers became the founders of
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The Karaite Halakah and its relation to Sadducean, Samaritan, and Philonian Halakah : Part I
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is the same as the punishment would have been for the defendant had he been convicted (
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633:. Translated by Mangoubi, Esther. Daly City, California: The Karaite Press.
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Among Simeon Ben Shetach Judah ben Tabbai's students were the next Pharisee
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315:. This split is said to have occurred in approximately 57 BCE.
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Because Judah ben Tabbai opposed the Sadducees, in a particular
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As part of the reorganization, Salome appointed her brother
723:. Vol. 11. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 268.
441:. Vol. 11. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 357.
180:, a man who was wholly supportive of the Pharisees and the
506:. Vol. 1. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 136.
472:. Vol. 1. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 352.
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When the litigants are before you, see them as criminals.
250:, if a witness testifies falsely in court against a
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283:According to medieval Karaite scholars, such as
16:Pharisee scholar, Chief Justice of the Sanhedrin
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299:. These new laws then came to be known as the
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613:. Philadelphia : Cahan Prtg. Co. (prs.).
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583:Karaite Judaism and Historical Understanding
141:leaders who lived in the first century BCE.
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262:19:16-21). According to the Talmud, the
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291:, Judah ben Tabbai was the founder of
736:Mishnah, Seder Nezikin, Tractate Avot
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627:ben Aaron, Solomon Jedidiah (2017).
221:", who "brought back the Crown (the
164:. After Jannaeus's death in 76 BCE,
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586:. Univ of South Carolina Press.
494:"ABTALION, POLLION, or PTOLLION"
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279:Association with Karaite Judaism
630:The Palanquin: Appiryon 'Asa Lo
460:"ALEXANDER JANNÆUS (Jonathan)"
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711:"SHEMAIAH (SAMAIAS, SAMEAS)"
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242:Opposition to the Sadducees
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289:Solomon Jedidiah ben Aaron
131:, and one of "the Pairs" (
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285:Moses ben Elijah Bashyazi
254:, the punishment for the
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458:Ginzberg, Louis (1901).
427:Bacher, Wilhelm (1905).
225:) its ancient splendor."
720:The Jewish Encyclopedia
709:Jacobs, Joseph (1905).
607:Revel, Bernard (1913).
503:The Jewish Encyclopedia
469:The Jewish Encyclopedia
438:The Jewish Encyclopedia
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826:Joshua ben Perachiah
672:"Simple To Remember"
569:. Koren Publishers.
429:"SIMEON BEN SHEṬAḤ"
235:History of the Jews
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797:Antigonus of Sokho
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152:To escape
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924:Pharisees
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264:Sadducees
252:defendant
182:Sanhedrin
158:Pharisees
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399:Abtalion
368:—
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327:Students
228:—
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