309:(b. 1883) with his wife Charlotte (b. 1900 née Preuss), and their three youngest children, Ruth (b. 1926), Noemi (b. 1927) and Sara (b. 1928). They were shot on 26 March 1942 in Biķernieki forest. The banker Simson Carlebach (1875-1942), brother of rabbi Joseph Carlebach, had already died in the course of being transported to the camp. The second oldest son of the nine children of Joseph Carlebach, Salomon (Shlomo Peter) Carlebach (b. 17 August 1925), survived because he had been included within a work commando. He later became a rabbi in New York. Salomon Carlebach reported in an interview on the moment that he saw his father for the last time:
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210:. Originally Jungfernhof was to have been established as an SS business enterprise, and being under the jurisdiction of the SS it could be employed without consulting with the German civil administration ("Gebietskommissariat") in Latvia. Under the new plan, Jungfernhof would serve as improvised housing in order to make available labor for the construction of the
26:
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under the false representation that they would be taken to an (actually nonexisting) camp in Dünamunde, where there would be better conditions and work assignments in a canning plant, between 1600 and 1700 inmates were taken to Biķernieki forest. There they were shot on 26 March 1942 and interred in
300:
In the camp it was said that all the women and children should come away from
Jungfernhof and go to Dünamunde, where there would be hospitals, schools, and massive stone buildings where they could live. I asked the commandant if I too could be transferred to Dünamunde, but he refused me, because I
230:
in size, had built on it a warehouse, three large barns, five small barracks and various cattle sheds. The partially falling down and unheatable buildings were unsuitable for the accommodation of several thousand people. There were no watchtowers or enclosing perimeter, rather a mobile patrol of
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I knew that my blessed father in this moment knew, that the last hour had come and that he would be going to a certain death, even though he had said nothing. Naturally many of the people shared the belief that now they really would be brought to another camp, where conditions would be much
190:
was overcrowded and could not accommodate the Jewish people deported from
Germany. The first transport train with 1,053 Berlin Jews arrived at the Šķirotava Railway Station on 30 November 1941. All persons on board were murdered later the same day at the
164:(now within the city territory). The camp was in operation from December 1941 through March 1942, and served as overflow housing for Jews from Germany and Austria, who had originally been intended for Minsk as a destination.
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450 inmates were held back and formed into a work commando. They were intended to be used to disguise the camp remnants as a farm. This work commando existed for one year. The survivors were then sent to the
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Among the murdered inmates of the concentration camp were the older rabbis and prominent citizens of Lübeck, Felix F. Carlebach, his sister-in-law, Resi
Carlebach (née Graupe), as well as his uncle,
242:
In
December 1941 a total of 3,984 people were brought in four separate trains to Jungfernhof, including 136 children under ten years old, and 766 elders. On 1 December 1941, 1,013 Jews from
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355:, S.121 / Als Gerücht, "es seien evakuierte Juden bei Riga reihenweis - wie sie den Zug verließen - erschossen worden", hörte Victor Klemperer davon (Tagebucheintrag vom 13. 1. 1942)
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were put on trains and sent to the camp. A further 964 were deported on 6 December 1941 from
Hamburg, Lübeck (leaving only 90 Jews resident in the city, and others from throughout
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296:, who had been transported from Würzburg with his daughter Lore. Viktor Marx, from Württemberg, whose wife Marga and daughter Ruth were shot, reported:
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Jews on board, was the only one which came to the "freed up" Riga ghetto, following the murder there of numerous
Latvian Jews.
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Interview mit dem überlebenden
Salomon (Shlomo Peter) Carlebach (* 17. August 1925) in: Sabine Niemann (Redaktion):
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Gottwald, Alfred, and
Schulle, Diana: Die "Judendeportationen" aus dem Deutschen Reich 1941–1945. Wiesbaden 2005,
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Gottwald, Fred, and
Schulle, Diana: Die "Judendeportationen" aus dem Deutschen Reich 1941–1945. Wiesbaden 2005,
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3.html Jüdisches Leben, Judenverfolgung, Christen jüdischer
Herkunft im Nationalsozialismus (in Lübeck)
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On his personal story, Carlebach said "without a positive attitude no one had any chance of survival."
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457:
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Bernhard Kolb: die Juden in Nuernberg 1839-1945, 4.7 Die Evakuierungen 1940-1943 (Zeitzeugenbericht)
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128:
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675:
247:
926:
423:
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Die Lübecker Geschwister Grünfeldt. Vom Leben, Leiden und Sterben ‚nichtarischer' Christinnen
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1119:
1040:
896:
845:
485:
464:
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173:
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Of the approximately 4,000 people transported to Jungfernhof, only 148 persons survived.
1326:
1247:
1189:
1184:
1057:
1045:
1002:
986:
612:"Licht in der Finsternis". Jüdische Lebensgestaltung im Konzentrationslager Jungfernhof
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had been. Among those shot was the camp elder Max Kleemann (b. 1887), a veteran of the
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901:
876:
743:
207:
203:
98:
966:
931:
855:
277:
1098:
881:
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Zahl 148 ("namentlich bekannt") nach Gottwaldt/Schulle, S. 115 – Angrick/Klein,
323:
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236:
187:
177:
88:
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assigned to the camp, is no longer accepted and is treated as unsubstantiated.
272:
About 800 of the prisoners died in the winter of 1941 to 1942 of hunger, cold,
1161:
911:
1452:
1439:
528:, Ephraim-Carlebach-Stiftung (Hrsg). Dölling und Galitz. Hamburg 1995, S. 83.
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1231:
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1279:
76:
Imprisonment without trial, mass shootings, forced labor, starvation, exile
696:
25:
227:
596:. Ephraim-Carlebach-Stiftung (Hrsg.), Dölling und Galitz, Hamburg 1995,
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273:
255:
206:, brought to Greater Jungfernhof, an abandoned farming estate on the
149:
54:
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50:
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700:
214:. The sixth transport, which arrived on 10 December 1941 with
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near Riga. The next four transports were, on the orders of SS-
652:
Die "Endlösung" in Riga. Ausbeutung und Vernichtung 1941–1944
437:
Interview in Die Carlebachs, S. 82 / dagegen Angrick/Klein,
283:
In March 1942 the camp was dissolved. As part of the
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Die Carlebachs, eine Rabbinerfamilie aus Deutschland
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Die Carlebachs, eine Rabbinerfamilie aus Deutschland
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Die Carlebachs, eine Rabbinerfamilie aus Deutschland
276:. The testimony of an eyewitness, that there was a
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1021:
995:
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792:
124:
116:
108:
94:
80:
72:
64:
45:
35:
18:
614:. In: Gerhard Paul und Miriam Gillis-Carlebach:
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684:Transport nach Jungfernhof (Zeitzeugenbericht)
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8:
389:"Tatort Nortbahnhof", Zeichen der Erinnerung
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148:) was an improvised concentration camp in
24:
288:mass graves, as previously Jews from the
231:ten to fifteen Latvian auxiliary police (
1167:Extraordinary (Soviet) State Commission
337:
15:
326:, which existed until November 1943.
7:
1237:Occupation of Latvia by Nazi Germany
1150:War crimes investigations and trials
479:Bericht des Überlebenden Viktor Marx
160:about three or four kilometers from
146:Jumpravmuižas koncentrācijas nometne
112:About 4,000 German and Austrian Jews
1492:Nazi concentration camps in Latvia
14:
1195:Roberts Seduls and Johanna Sedule
996:Nazi occupation and organizations
1361:Latvian people of Jewish descent
1290:
1278:
636:. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 2001,
1453:56.8923055556°N 24.1981111111°E
576:Erinnerungen eines Überlebenden
250:. Further transports came from
1477:Jungfernhof concentration camp
1332:Burning of the Riga synagogues
1317:Jungfernhof concentration camp
1089:Jungfernhof concentration camp
800:Burning of the Riga synagogues
235:) under the German commandant
138:Jungfernhof concentration camp
19:Jungfernhof concentration camp
1:
1399:Great Choral Synagogue (Riga)
1322:Kaiserwald concentration camp
1307:History of the Jews in Latvia
1094:Kaiserwald concentration camp
650:Andrej Angrick, Peter Klein:
1458:56.8923055556; 24.1981111111
1104:Salaspils concentration camp
524:Sabine Niemann (Redaktion):
212:Salaspils concentration camp
1177:Righteous Among the Nations
749:Related articles by country
559:, nennt 1147 = Druckfehler?
68:December 1941 to March 1942
41:Mazjumprava, KZ Jungfernhof
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1286:Jews and Judaism in Latvia
1008:Reichskommissariat Ostland
458:Lagerältester Max Kleemann
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59:Reichskommissariat Ostland
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610:Miriam Gillis-Carlebach:
502:"Licht in der Finsternis"
500:Miriam Gillis-Carlebach:
226:The former estate of 200
186:The new destination, the
158:Šķirotava Railway Station
23:
1063:Latvian Auxiliary Police
424:NS-Zeit, Nürnberg online
262:History of the prisoners
103:Latvian Auxiliary Police
1366:Latvia–Israel relations
982:Franz Walter Stahlecker
892:Otto-Heinrich Drechsler
841:Jewish people of Latvia
728:The Holocaust in Latvia
557:Die "Endlösung" in Riga
364:All exact numbers from
254:with 1,008 persons and
200:Franz Walter Stahlecker
85:Franz Walter Stahlecker
1502:Generalbezirk Lettland
1497:Jewish Latvian history
316:
303:
301:was too good a worker.
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616:Menora und Hakenkreuz
1416:List of Latvian Jews
1157:Einsatzgruppen trial
947:Hans-Adolf Prützmann
445:, S. 338 mit Anm. 3)
129:At Biķernieki Forest
1449: /
1211:Bikernieki Memorial
1013:Rollkommando Hamann
977:Rudolf Joachim Seck
942:Friedrich Panzinger
922:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
618:. Neumünster 1988,
1423:List of synagogues
676:Mazjumpravas muiža
654:. Darmstadt 2006,
484:2008-10-02 at the
463:2007-09-27 at the
394:2009-01-30 at the
248:Schleswig-Holstein
168:Improvised housing
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1141:Sonderaktion 1005
1084:Daugavpils Ghetto
1077:Ghettos and camps
962:Martin Sandberger
907:Friedrich Jeckeln
642:978-3-7950-0772-0
154:Mazjumprava Manor
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182:Rumbula massacre
120:About 148 people
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870:Perpetrators
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739:Main article
673:(in Latvian)
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81:Perpetrators
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1185:Jānis Lipke
1134:Concealment
1099:Riga Ghetto
1046:Kārlis Lobe
1031:Individuals
882:Rudolf Batz
861:Else Hirsch
815:Pogulianski
689:(in German)
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324:Riga ghetto
290:Riga Ghetto
244:Württemberg
237:Rudolf Seck
188:Riga Ghetto
178:Riga Ghetto
156:, near the
89:Rudolf Seck
1471:Categories
1444:24°11′53″E
1441:56°53′32″N
1377:Synagogues
1162:Riga Trial
912:Heinz Jost
902:Karl Jäger
566:References
266:See also:
222:Operations
172:See also:
1232:The Mover
1204:Memorials
764:Lithuania
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294:Great War
252:Nuremberg
152:, at the
125:Memorials
117:Survivors
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482:Archived
461:Archived
392:Archived
228:hectares
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1300:History
846:Gypsies
834:Victims
820:Rumbula
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784:Ukraine
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754:Belarus
314:better.
278:gas van
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