31:
827:
761:
82:
683:
865:
secondary tree hole nesters, they compete with other hole-nesters. They have also been recorded using the axils of fronds of palm trees in
Malaysia. They sometimes use sloughed snake skins to line the inside of the nest hole. In the Himalayan foothills, they use dry pine needles to line the nest. The usual clutch consists of 4 to 6 turquoise blue eggs. Both sexes take part in nest building, incubation and feeding the young.
57:
664:, darker on the head and wings. The sexes are indistinguishable in plumage. A large white wing patches on the base of the primaries becomes conspicuous in flight, and the tail feathers are broadly tipped in white. There is a tuft of feathers on the forehead arising at the base of the bill. The bill and legs are bright yellow, and there is no bare skin around eye as in the
857:. They also perch on large grazing mammals, picking ectoparasites off their bodies, and capturing insects that may be disturbed into flight from vegetation. Flocks may also follow farmers in fields that are being ploughed. They also forage on kitchen waste in urban areas. They may take larger prey including small mice to feed their young. In Fiji, they have been noticed
864:
The breeding season is in summer and before the rains, February to May in southern India and April to July in northern India. They are secondary cavity nesters, using both holes in trees and in man-made constructions such as walls, embankments, and in houses from 2 to 6 metres above the ground. As
672:. The base of the beak is dark in adults with a shade of blue at the base of the lower mandible. The southern Indian population has a blue iris. The northeastern Indian populations have a smoky dark belly and vent. Juveniles are browner with a pale throat and along the median of the underside.
307:
which were treated as a subspecies in the past. The eyes are pale, yellow or blue depending on the population and the base of the orange-yellow bill is dark. It has also been introduced either intentionally or accidentally into many other parts of the world including Fiji, Taiwan, the
Andaman
298:
family. It is found patchily distributed across much of the mainland of the Indian
Subcontinent but absent in the arid zones of India. It is easily recognized by the tuft of feathers on its forehead that form a frontal crest, a feature also found in the closely related
807:) with whom they compete especially for nest holes. In many parts of Asia, they are kept as pets and feral populations have established in many places such as in Taiwan. Breeding populations have established in Japan and Western Samoa. The population
796:
in Orissa. It has also been introduced into the
Andaman Islands and Fiji where it was introduced around 1890 to control insect pests in sugarcane. They have expanded on their own into some Pacific Islands such as
838:
Jungle mynas are omnivorous feed mainly on insects, fruit and seeds, for which they forage mainly on the ground often in the company of other myna species. They also take berries from low bushes such as
704:, they do not have well-developed adaptations including the musculature required for prying or open bill probing (which need muscles to open the beak apart forcefully). The nominate population
826:
30:
2157:
1564:"Passerine bird pollination and fruiting behaviour in a dry season blooming tree species, Erythrina suberosa Roxb. (Fabaceae) in the Eastern Ghats forests, India"
2209:
2327:
1596:
818:
is typically found in forest and cultivation and often close to open water. They may disperse outside their range particularly after the breeding season.
1639:
A contribution to the food habits of some Indian Mynas (Aves). (Records of the
Zoological Survey of India Miscellaneous Publication Occasional Paper, 44
2299:
2105:
2183:
1819:
Laird, Marshall; Lari, Faiyaz A. (1958). "Observations on
Plasmodium circumflexum Kikuth and P. vaughani Novy and Macneal from East Pakistan".
716:
in 1827. It has a pale creamy vent. This population with a yellow iris extends south of the
Brahmaputra into Burma and the Malay Peninsula.
1014:
748:
in 1892. It has a white throat and a half-collar extending around the neck. The species has a diploid chromosome number of 74 (80 in the
851:(which they may also pollinate with their tuft feathers acting as brushes) and water collected in the flowers of introduced trees such
2131:
693:
The calls of the jungle myna are higher pitched than those of the common myna. Foraging flocks make clipped cheeping contact calls.
2352:
2118:
1748:"Competition between jungle myna Acridotheres fuscus and lesser golden backed woodpecker Dinopium benghalense for a nest hole"
1015:"Phylogenetic relationships among PalearcticβOriental starlings and mynas (genera Sturnus and Acridotheres : Sturnidae)"
2188:
1855:
700:
clade which is thought to have speciated in the late
Pliocene and Pleistocene Periods. Unlike the starlings in the genus
2342:
2337:
720:
of eastern India, mainly east of the
Brahmaputra in Assam and Nagaland (although movements are known), was described by
81:
2170:
2056:
760:
728:
based on the prevailing treatment of the time. It has a darker smoky grey vent and can appear similar to the syntopic
2214:
2347:
1611:
1325:
537:
468:
1939:
597:
554:
443:
2008:
879:
811:
of
Malaysia is on the decline and is possibly being outcompeted by Javan mynas with which it form hybrids.
2136:
2043:
1970:
1537:
858:
745:
400:
2332:
2061:
1261:
360:
308:
Islands, and parts of Japan. The species has also spread out on its own to some islands in the Pacific.
176:
883:
when artificially infected in the lab. Other parasites that have been found in the jungle myna include
1538:"Observations on the ecological separation of two introduced congeneric mynahs (Acridotheres) in Fiji"
931:
2035:
2017:
721:
614:
485:
1637:
1262:"Somatic chromosomes of Acridotheres fuscus fuscus Wagler and Acridotheres tristis tristis Linnaeus"
737:
709:
193:
46:
1934:
1677:
1836:
1037:
245:
76:
2162:
1916:
2235:
2201:
2079:
1889:
1881:
1473:
1373:
304:
2250:
2240:
2022:
1871:
1828:
1575:
1563:
1463:
1430:
1363:
1273:
1242:
1171:
1029:
926:
732:, but the latter is darker and does not have a pale iris.. The peninsular Indian population
2048:
1231:"Descriptions of some new species of birds from the eastern coast of the Malayan Peninsula"
868:
They roost communally along with other mynas, sometimes in sugarcane fields and reed beds.
682:
2222:
1771:"Breeding of the southern jungle myna Acridotheres fuscus mahrattensis (Sykes) at Karanja"
1418:
1392:
1947:
1195:. Vol. v.15 (1962). Cambridge, MA: Museum of Comparative Zoology. pp. 113β114.
1152:
908:
1246:
841:
1732:
2321:
2263:
2196:
1908:
1033:
917:
764:
The white of the base of the primaries and the tips of the tail are visible in flight
66:
61:
1655:"A note on the predation of Jungle Myna (Acridotheres fuscus Wagler) on field mouse"
1041:
2290:
1952:
1860:"Prevalence and diversity of avian hematozoan parasites in Asia: a regional survey"
1103:
Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan. Volume 5. Larks to the Grey Hypocolius
873:
831:
803:
153:
2123:
2084:
2071:
1391:
Shieh, Bao-Sen; Lin, Ya-Hui; Lee, Tsung-Wei; Chang, Chia-Chieh; Cheng, Kuan-Tzou.
798:
740:
in 1832 is identifiable by the blue iris. The population in the Malay Peninsula,
2144:
2002:
1770:
1747:
1654:
1510:
1294:
1230:
1207:
1190:
1117:
1074:
971:
954:
749:
665:
1993:
1876:
1859:
994:
2258:
1805:
1468:
1452:"Habitat exploitation by landbirds in the changing Western Samoan environment"
1451:
1368:
1351:
1140:
777:
729:
300:
1885:
1858:; Dove, Carla J.; Milensky, Chris; Olson, Storrs L.; Peirce, Mike A. (2007).
1726:
1477:
1377:
1278:
853:
847:
815:
789:
669:
133:
93:
2175:
1893:
2284:
2227:
1987:
1959:
1728:
The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Birds. Volume III
999:. Vol. 13. London: British Museum (Natural History). pp. 86β90.
295:
143:
113:
2304:
1450:
Evans, S. M.; Fletcher, F. J. C.; Loader, P. J.; Rooksby, F. G. (1992).
1299:(Whistler) [Aves, Nectariniidae], and the Northern Jungle Myna,
877:
are known from the blood of mynas and they have also been found to host
2110:
2030:
1840:
676:
661:
1907:
Das, A.K.; Mandal, A.K.; Nandi, N.C.; Nandi, R.; Sarkar, N.C. (1993).
1580:
1060:
Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide. Volume 2: Attributes and status
2149:
1793:
1175:
885:
103:
2097:
1964:
1832:
1435:
1166:
Amadon, Dean (1956). "Remarks on the starlings, family Sturnidae".
2092:
825:
781:
773:
768:
The jungle myna is a common resident breeder in tropical southern
759:
681:
1854:
Ishtiaq, Farah; Gering, Eben; Rappole, Jon H.; Rahmani, Asad R.;
793:
769:
660:
Jungle mynas are 23-centimetre (9.1 in) long and have grey
291:
123:
1968:
1105:(2 ed.). Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 183β187.
801:
where they are a threat to native bird species such as lories (
1118:"Range Extension of Jungle Myna Acridotheres fuscus fumidus"
1393:"Pet Trade as Sources of Introduced Bird Species in Taiwan"
1326:"The introduced and native terrestrial vertebrates of Fiji"
1295:"Extension of range of the Indian Maroonbreasted sunbird,
845:
and take nectar from large flowers borne on trees such as
1062:. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions. p. 584.
830:
Foraging while perched on a water buffalo along with a
959:. Vol. pars 1. sumtibus J.G. Cottae. p. 88.
2274:
1977:
1075:"On some cases of abrupt variation in Indian birds"
1013:Zuccon, D.; Pasquet, E.; Ericson, P. G. P. (2008).
1731:(2 ed.). Lonon: Taylor and Francis. pp.
724:in 1950, although he placed it as a subspecies of
932:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22710932A94268185.en
1659:Journal of the Bombay Natural Historical Society
1769:Unnithan, Saraswathy; Unnithan, G.V.K. (1998).
1496:The Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula, Volume 2
1189:Mayr, E.; Greenway, James C. Jr., eds. (1962).
654:species which form a clade among the starlings
1260:Sharma, G.P.; Mittal, O.P.; Gupta, N. (1980).
1141:"Notes on Indian birds. III. Birds from Assam"
1775:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1752:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1307:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1212:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1122:Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society
1116:Chatterjee, S.; Sen, S.K.; Ghose, D. (2007).
8:
996:Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum
1192:Check-list of birds of the World. Volume 15
1965:
1498:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 457β459.
55:
29:
20:
1875:
1579:
1509:Dhindsa, Manjit S; Singhal, R.N. (1983).
1467:
1434:
1367:
1277:
1208:"Notes on some Asiatic Sturnidae (birds)"
930:
788:is found across northern India west from
1702:Neelakantan, K.K. (1974). "Jungle Mynas
1678:"Jungle Mynah "anting" with a millipede"
1511:"Occurrence of the Northern Jungle Myna
1489:
1487:
1079:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
1058:Rasmussen, P.C.; Anderton, J.C. (2005).
1913:Fauna of West Bengal. Part 12. Protozoa
1642:. Calcutta: Zoological Survey of India.
1324:Pernetta, John C.; Watling, D. (1978).
1008:
1006:
972:"Additions to the ornithology of Nepal"
899:
1915:. Zoological Survey of India. p.
1597:"Cleaner birds: a worldwide overview"
1562:Raju, Aluri J. S.; Rao, S.P. (2004).
1101:Ali Salim; Ripley, S. Dillon (1987).
1096:
1094:
1092:
7:
1053:
1051:
2328:IUCN Red List least concern species
1303:(Wagler) [Aves, Sturnidae]"
918:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
589:
529:
460:
435:
377:
352:
344:
336:
328:
320:
1636:Narang, M.L.; Lamba, B.S. (1984).
1247:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1892.tb01189.x
14:
1604:Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia
1515:Wagler in the Punjab and Haryana"
1419:"Spread of exotic birds in Japan"
1352:"The status of wildlife in Tonga"
1417:Eguchi, K.; Amano, H.E. (2004).
1034:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2008.00339.x
80:
2137:jungle-myna-acridotheres-fuscus
1456:Bird Conservation International
1297:Nectarinia lotenia hindustanica
907:BirdLife International (2016).
696:The jungle myna is part of the
1794:"Jungle Mynas and their nests"
976:Journal of the Asiatic Society
1:
953:Wagler, Johann Georg (1827).
708:was described from Bengal by
679:plumages have been recorded.
1864:Journal of Wildlife Diseases
268:Acridotheres cristatelloides
1821:The Journal of Parasitology
1798:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
1708:Newsletter for Birdwatchers
993:Sharpe, R. Bowdler (1890).
2369:
1877:10.7589/0090-3558-43.3.382
1653:Johnsingh, A.J.T. (1979).
1610:(1): 32β47. Archived from
1301:Acridotheres fuscus fuscus
1953:Interactive range map of
1948:Oriental Bird Club images
1469:10.1017/S0959270900002355
1369:10.1017/S0030605300019980
1168:American Museum Novitates
611:
594:
587:
551:
534:
527:
482:
465:
458:
440:
433:
397:
382:
375:
357:
350:
342:
334:
326:
251:
244:
206:
201:
182:
175:
77:Scientific classification
75:
53:
44:
37:
28:
23:
1940:Internet Bird Collection
1519:J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc
1494:Wells, David R. (2010).
1279:10.1508/cytologia.45.403
925:: e.T22710932A94268185.
756:Distribution and habitat
2353:Birds described in 1827
1746:Jha, Aniruddha (2001).
1206:Marien, Daniel (1950).
880:Plasmodium circumflexum
1856:Jhala, Yadvendradev V.
1792:Mukherjee, RN (1970).
1725:Baker, E.C.S. (1926).
1568:Ornithological Science
1536:Watling, R.J. (1975).
1423:Ornithological Science
1350:Rinke, Dieter (1986).
1229:Davison, W.R. (1892).
970:Hodgson, B.H. (1836).
835:
765:
690:
650:Relationship to other
1595:Sazima, Ivan (2011).
1139:Ripley, S.D. (1950).
956:Systema Avium. Pars I
854:Spathodea campanulata
829:
822:Behaviour and ecology
763:
685:
1909:"Parasitic Protozoa"
1293:Majumdar, N (1981).
722:Sidney Dillon Ripley
2343:Birds of Bangladesh
2338:Birds of South Asia
2264:Acridotheres-fuscus
2023:Acridotheres_fuscus
2009:Acridotheres fuscus
1979:Acridotheres fuscus
1955:Acridotheres fuscus
1935:"Jungle myna media"
1704:Acridotheres fuscus
1676:Clunie, F. (1976).
1513:Acridotheres fuscus
911:Acridotheres fuscus
861:using a millipede.
744:, was described by
287:Acridotheres fuscus
260:Maina cristelloides
186:Acridotheres fuscus
47:Conservation status
1960:IUCN Red List maps
1617:on 18 October 2018
890:in the intestine.
836:
766:
691:
687:A. f. mahrattensis
294:, a member of the
226:A. f. mahrattensis
2315:
2314:
2236:Open Tree of Life
1971:Taxon identifiers
1581:10.2326/osj.3.139
1022:Zoologica Scripta
658:
657:
644:
643:
635:
634:
626:
625:
575:
574:
566:
565:
515:
514:
506:
505:
497:
496:
421:
420:
412:
411:
305:pale-bellied myna
278:
277:
255:Aethiopsar fuscus
70:
2360:
2348:Birds of Myanmar
2308:
2307:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2267:
2266:
2254:
2253:
2244:
2243:
2231:
2230:
2218:
2217:
2205:
2204:
2192:
2191:
2179:
2178:
2166:
2165:
2153:
2152:
2140:
2139:
2127:
2126:
2114:
2113:
2101:
2100:
2088:
2087:
2075:
2074:
2065:
2064:
2052:
2051:
2039:
2038:
2036:8724C64A4BC1E154
2026:
2025:
2013:
2012:
2011:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1966:
1944:
1921:
1920:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1879:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1682:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1616:
1601:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1542:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1491:
1482:
1481:
1471:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1397:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1371:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1330:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1087:
1086:
1073:Finn, F (1902).
1070:
1064:
1063:
1055:
1046:
1045:
1019:
1010:
1001:
1000:
990:
984:
983:
967:
961:
960:
950:
944:
943:
941:
939:
934:
904:
590:
530:
461:
436:
378:
353:
345:
337:
329:
321:
316:
315:
272:
264:
238:
230:
222:
214:
188:
85:
84:
64:
59:
58:
33:
21:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2303:
2298:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2270:
2262:
2257:
2249:
2247:
2239:
2234:
2226:
2223:Observation.org
2221:
2213:
2208:
2200:
2195:
2187:
2182:
2174:
2169:
2161:
2156:
2148:
2143:
2135:
2130:
2122:
2117:
2109:
2104:
2096:
2091:
2083:
2078:
2070:
2068:
2060:
2055:
2047:
2042:
2034:
2029:
2021:
2016:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1973:
1933:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1833:10.2307/3274690
1818:
1817:
1813:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1680:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1436:10.2326/osj.3.3
1416:
1415:
1411:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1333:Pacific Science
1328:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1170:(1803): 32β34.
1165:
1164:
1160:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1099:
1090:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1004:
992:
991:
987:
969:
968:
964:
952:
951:
947:
937:
935:
906:
905:
901:
896:
824:
758:
645:
636:
627:
576:
567:
538:A. melanopterus
516:
507:
498:
469:A. cristatellus
422:
413:
314:
270:
262:
236:
234:A. f. torquatus
228:
220:
212:
197:
190:
184:
171:
79:
71:
60:
56:
49:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
2366:
2364:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2320:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2296:
2280:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2255:
2245:
2232:
2219:
2206:
2193:
2180:
2167:
2154:
2141:
2128:
2115:
2102:
2089:
2076:
2066:
2053:
2040:
2027:
2014:
1999:
1983:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1950:
1945:
1929:
1928:External links
1926:
1923:
1922:
1899:
1870:(3): 382β398.
1846:
1827:(2): 136β152.
1811:
1784:
1761:
1738:
1717:
1694:
1668:
1645:
1628:
1587:
1574:(2): 139β144.
1554:
1528:
1501:
1483:
1462:(2): 123β129.
1442:
1409:
1383:
1362:(3): 146β151.
1342:
1316:
1285:
1272:(3): 403β410.
1252:
1241:(13): 99β103.
1221:
1198:
1181:
1158:
1131:
1108:
1088:
1065:
1047:
1028:(5): 469β481.
1002:
985:
962:
945:
898:
897:
895:
892:
834:in West Bengal
823:
820:
757:
754:
689:with blue iris
656:
655:
647:
646:
642:
641:
638:
637:
633:
632:
629:
628:
624:
623:
620:
619:
610:
607:
606:
603:
602:
598:A. ginginianus
593:
588:
586:
582:
581:
578:
577:
573:
572:
569:
568:
564:
563:
560:
559:
555:A. burmannicus
550:
547:
546:
543:
542:
533:
528:
526:
522:
521:
518:
517:
513:
512:
509:
508:
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495:
494:
491:
490:
481:
478:
477:
474:
473:
464:
459:
457:
453:
452:
449:
448:
444:A. albocinctus
439:
434:
432:
428:
427:
424:
423:
419:
418:
415:
414:
410:
409:
406:
405:
396:
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327:
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310:
276:
275:
274:
273:
265:
257:
249:
248:
242:
241:
240:
239:
231:
223:
215:
213:(Wagler, 1827)
204:
203:
199:
198:
191:
180:
179:
173:
172:
168:A. fuscus
165:
163:
159:
158:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
73:
72:
54:
51:
50:
45:
42:
41:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2365:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2306:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2276:Pastor fuscus
2273:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1788:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1765:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1742:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1721:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1698:
1695:
1690:
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1679:
1672:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1646:
1641:
1640:
1632:
1629:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1588:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1558:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1529:
1525:(2): 416β417.
1524:
1520:
1516:
1514:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1475:
1470:
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1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
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1405:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1346:
1343:
1339:(3): 223β244.
1338:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1317:
1313:(2): 383β384.
1312:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1289:
1286:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1222:
1218:(3): 471β487.
1217:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1162:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1135:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1109:
1104:
1097:
1095:
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1089:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1069:
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1061:
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1048:
1043:
1039:
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1027:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1007:
1003:
998:
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989:
986:
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977:
973:
966:
963:
958:
957:
949:
946:
933:
928:
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920:
919:
914:
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903:
900:
893:
891:
889:
887:
882:
881:
876:
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869:
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862:
860:
856:
855:
850:
849:
844:
843:
833:
828:
821:
819:
817:
812:
810:
806:
805:
800:
795:
791:
787:
784:. Subspecies
783:
779:
775:
771:
762:
755:
753:
751:
747:
743:
739:
736:described by
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
718:A. f. fumidus
715:
714:Pastor fuscus
711:
707:
703:
699:
694:
688:
684:
680:
678:
673:
671:
667:
663:
653:
649:
648:
640:
639:
631:
630:
622:
621:
618:
617:
616:
609:
608:
605:
604:
601:
600:
599:
592:
591:
584:
583:
580:
579:
571:
570:
562:
561:
558:
557:
556:
549:
548:
545:
544:
541:
540:
539:
532:
531:
524:
523:
520:
519:
511:
510:
502:
501:
493:
492:
489:
488:
487:
480:
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476:
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472:
471:
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463:
462:
455:
454:
451:
450:
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445:
438:
437:
430:
429:
426:
425:
417:
416:
408:
407:
404:
403:
402:
395:
394:
391:
390:
387:
386:
380:
379:
372:
371:
368:
367:
364:
363:
362:
355:
354:
347:
346:
339:
338:
331:
330:
323:
322:
318:
317:
311:
309:
306:
302:
297:
293:
289:
288:
283:
271:Cabanis, 1850
269:
266:
263:Hodgson, 1836
261:
258:
256:
253:
252:
250:
247:
243:
237:Davison, 1892
235:
232:
229:(Sykes, 1832)
227:
224:
219:
218:A. f. fumidus
216:
211:
208:
207:
205:
200:
195:
189:
187:
181:
178:
177:Binomial name
174:
170:
169:
164:
161:
160:
157:
156:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
134:Passeriformes
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
83:
78:
74:
68:
63:
62:Least Concern
52:
48:
43:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2333:Acridotheres
2275:
1978:
1954:
1938:
1912:
1902:
1867:
1863:
1849:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1778:
1774:
1764:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1727:
1720:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1688:
1684:
1671:
1662:
1658:
1648:
1638:
1631:
1619:. Retrieved
1612:the original
1607:
1603:
1590:
1571:
1567:
1557:
1548:
1544:
1531:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1504:
1495:
1459:
1455:
1445:
1426:
1422:
1412:
1403:
1399:
1386:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1336:
1332:
1319:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1296:
1288:
1269:
1265:
1255:
1238:
1234:
1224:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1191:
1184:
1167:
1161:
1148:
1144:
1134:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1102:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1059:
1025:
1021:
995:
988:
979:
975:
965:
955:
948:
936:. Retrieved
922:
916:
910:
902:
888:aethiopsaris
884:
878:
874:Haemoproteus
872:
870:
867:
863:
852:
846:
840:
837:
832:black drongo
814:This common
813:
808:
802:
785:
767:
746:W.R. Davison
741:
734:mahrattensis
733:
726:cristatellus
725:
717:
713:
706:A. f. fuscus
705:
701:
698:Acridotheres
697:
695:
692:
686:
674:
659:
652:Acridotheres
651:
613:
612:
596:
595:
553:
552:
536:
535:
484:
483:
467:
466:
442:
441:
401:A. javanicus
399:
398:
384:
383:
359:
358:
286:
285:
281:
279:
267:
259:
254:
233:
225:
221:Ripley, 1950
217:
210:A. f. fuscus
209:
185:
183:
167:
166:
155:Acridotheres
154:
39:A. f. fuscus
38:
24:Jungle myna
18:
2145:iNaturalist
2003:Wikispecies
1551:(1): 37β53.
1406:(2): 81β86.
1085:(2): 81β85.
938:12 November
871:Species of
750:common myna
666:common myna
361:A. cinereus
312:Description
282:jungle myna
202:Subspecies
2322:Categories
2291:Q109578312
2259:Xeno-canto
1621:18 October
982:: 770β781.
894:References
792:, east to
778:Bangladesh
738:W.H. Sykes
730:great myna
615:A. tristis
486:A. grandis
301:Javan myna
1886:0090-3558
1714:(5): 8β9.
1706:anting".
1478:1474-0001
1378:1365-3008
1266:Cytologia
1176:2246/5410
848:Erythrina
816:passerine
809:torquatus
799:Niuafo'ou
790:Mount Abu
742:torquatus
677:leucistic
675:Abnormal
670:bank myna
385:A. fuscus
162:Species:
144:Sturnidae
100:Kingdom:
94:Eukaryota
2305:11073537
2285:Wikidata
2202:22710932
2163:10692625
2049:22710932
2044:BirdLife
1994:Q1262207
1988:Wikidata
1894:17699077
1685:Notornis
1545:Notornis
1429:: 3β11.
1400:Taiwania
1145:Postilla
1042:56403448
668:and the
303:and the
296:starling
246:Synonyms
140:Family:
114:Chordata
110:Phylum:
104:Animalia
90:Domain:
67:IUCN 3.1
2251:2334579
2111:2489006
2098:junmyn1
2072:junmyn1
2031:Avibase
1841:3274690
842:Lantana
702:Sturnus
662:plumage
585:
525:
456:
431:
373:
348:
340:
332:
324:
290:) is a
196:, 1827)
150:Genus:
130:Order:
120:Class:
65: (
2248:uBio:
2241:595025
2215:245038
2189:558401
1892:
1884:
1839:
1804:(10):
1781:: 346.
1758:: 115.
1665:: 159.
1476:
1376:
1040:
886:Dorisa
859:anting
786:fuscus
710:Wagler
194:Wagler
2228:76425
2176:95671
2158:IRMNG
2150:14869
2093:eBird
2069:BOW:
2062:95479
1837:JSTOR
1691:: 77.
1681:(PDF)
1615:(PDF)
1600:(PDF)
1541:(PDF)
1396:(PDF)
1329:(PDF)
1237:. 6.
1038:S2CID
1018:(PDF)
782:India
774:Nepal
772:from
2300:GBIF
2210:NCBI
2197:IUCN
2184:ITIS
2119:GISD
2106:GBIF
2085:9KHN
2057:BOLD
1890:PMID
1882:ISSN
1735:β58.
1623:2018
1474:ISSN
1374:ISSN
1356:Oryx
1235:Ibis
1128:(1).
940:2021
923:2016
804:Vini
794:Puri
770:Asia
292:myna
280:The
124:Aves
2171:ISC
2132:IBC
2124:362
2080:CoL
2018:ADW
1958:at
1917:334
1872:doi
1829:doi
1576:doi
1464:doi
1431:doi
1364:doi
1274:doi
1243:doi
1172:hdl
1155:β4.
1126:104
1030:doi
927:doi
752:).
712:as
2324::
2302::
2287::
2261::
2238::
2225::
2212::
2199::
2186::
2173::
2160::
2147::
2134::
2121::
2108::
2095::
2082::
2059::
2046::
2033::
2020::
2005::
1990::
1937:.
1911:.
1888:.
1880:.
1868:43
1866:.
1862:.
1835:.
1825:44
1823:.
1806:11
1802:10
1800:.
1796:.
1779:95
1777:.
1773:.
1756:98
1754:.
1750:.
1733:57
1712:14
1710:.
1689:23
1687:.
1683:.
1663:76
1661:.
1657:.
1608:19
1606:.
1602:.
1570:.
1566:.
1549:22
1547:.
1543:.
1523:80
1521:.
1517:.
1486:^
1472:.
1458:.
1454:.
1425:.
1421:.
1404:51
1402:.
1398:.
1372:.
1360:20
1358:.
1354:.
1337:32
1335:.
1331:.
1311:78
1309:.
1305:.
1270:45
1268:.
1264:.
1233:.
1216:49
1214:.
1210:.
1151::
1147:.
1143:.
1124:.
1120:.
1091:^
1083:71
1081:.
1077:.
1050:^
1036:.
1026:37
1024:.
1020:.
1005:^
978:.
974:.
921:.
915:.
780:,
776:,
1943:.
1919:.
1896:.
1874::
1843:.
1831::
1808:.
1625:.
1584:.
1578::
1572:3
1480:.
1466::
1460:2
1439:.
1433::
1427:3
1380:.
1366::
1282:.
1276::
1249:.
1245::
1239:4
1178:.
1174::
1153:1
1149:1
1044:.
1032::
980:5
942:.
929::
913:"
909:"
284:(
192:(
69:)
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