875:
732:
1093:(IMF). Price increases in late March 1985 were considered to be a major trigger factor for protests. Eight doctors', lawyers' and university lecturers' associations called for a protest on 3 April and a "general political strike until the abolition of the current regime". Massive demonstrations took place in Khartoum and around Sudan on 3 April. The general strike took place up to 6 April, when Nimeiry was deposed, with a high effectiveness in shutting down governance of Sudan. The use of massive
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782:
987:
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1039:
65:
912:
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elected head of the
Alliance of Peoples' Working Forces. Splits occurred amongst the supporters of Nimeiry with some endorsing the partnership with the National Congress and others alleging that the National Congress reneged on the merger agreement and did not properly implement it. The splinter groups formed the May Socialist Union which took part in the parliamentary elections in
389:
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1820:
1002:. American aid increased from $ 5 million in 1979 to $ 200 million in 1983 and then to $ 254 million in 1985, mainly for military programs. Sudan thus becomes the second largest recipient of US aid to Africa (after Egypt). The United states constructed four air bases to house Rapid Deployment Force units and a powerful listening station for the
1085:, who said that Nimeiry had "begun to alienate almost every sector of Sudanese society". Major complaints included the obligatory use of Islamic law throughout Sudan, which upset non-Muslims, especially in the southern part of Sudan, and price increases resulting from an economic austerity program implemented under pressure from the
1211:
801:
would discover oil reserves in South-Central Sudan in 1979. In general he began a more moderate economic policy, where some banks and industries were returned to private ownership (although the state was still in control of much of the economy) and foreign investment was encouraged, as evidenced by a
1163:
Nimeiry died of natural causes in his home in
Omdurman on 30 May 2009. Tens of thousands turned up to his official funeral including members of Sudan's political forces that had opposed his rule. After Nimeiry's death in May 2009, former Revolutionary Command Council member Khaled Hassan Abbass was
671:
were all out of the country at the time "either on official or private visits," so the "time chosen was opportune." On 26 May, he suspended the constitution, dissolved the
Supreme Council, the National Assembly, and the Civil Service Commission, and ordered that all political parties disband. That
1054:
information such as what citizens' organised or demographic groups were involved; what/where the strike and other civil disobedience occurred; repression from the authorities; who/when/where/how army officers reacted and decided on a coup; how the protestors reacted to the repression, detentions,
769:
fighter aircraft; Mao Zedong also provided Sudan with interest-free loans, and
Chinese state companies began constructing a number of public works in Sudan, including factories, roads, bridges and conference centers. Sudanese collaboration with China continued even after Nimeiry was overthrown in
611:
On 28 December 1966, Lieutenant
Hussein Osman with other young Communist officers tried to seize the presidential palace and the central post office, but failed. Among the 400 people arrested after the coup attempt failed was Colonel Gaafar Nimeiry, then commanding the Eastern Command. He was
1215:
970:
south. In violation of the Addis Ababa
Agreement he dissolved the southern Sudanese government and reformed the administrative boundaries of the south into three smaller regions to correspond with the pre-1972 provinces that the south was governed under. This prompted the start of the
777:
by
Communist members of the armed forces, led by Brigadier Hassan Hussein Osman, failed to remove Nimeiry from power. General Elbagir, Nimeiry's deputy, led a counter coup that brought Nimeiry back within few hours. Brigadier Osman was wounded and later court martialed and executed.
607:
against the
Sudanese government, but there was not enough evidence to prove that he was involved. He was interrogated again about a failed coup attempt led by an officer named Khalid Yusuf, but the investigation did not find anything to criminalize Nimeiry in the attempted coup.
1148:, but did poorly, obtaining only 9.6% of the votes in elections that were boycotted by the Sudanese opposition and alleged to be rigged. In 2005, Nimeiry's party, the Alliance of the Peoples' Working Forces signed a merger agreement with the ruling
722:
and ushered in an 11-year period of peace and stability to the region. In 1973 he drafted a new constitution which declared Sudan to be a democratic, socialist state and gave considerable power to the office of
President.
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679:
later, on 26 October 1969. He started a campaign aimed at reforming Sudan's economy through nationalization of banks and industries as well as some land reforms. He used his position to enact a number of
2791:
975:. In 1984 he declared a state of emergency, giving special powers to the military. In 1985 Nimeiry authorised the execution of the peaceful yet controversial political dissident and Islamic reformist
894:, an Islamist leader who had been imprisoned and then exiled after the May Revolution, was invited back and became Justice Minister and Attorney General in 1979. Relations between Khartoum and
1013:
In 1984 and 1985, after a period of drought, several million people were threatened by famine, particularly in western Sudan. The government tried to hide the situation internationally.
954:, throughout the country. Additionally, he attempted to have himself declared Imam of the Sudanese ummah, but failed. To show his dedication to Sharia, he poured $ 11 million worth of
672:
day he also promoted himself to major-general, retired 22 serving officers, mostly senior to himself, dismissed over 30, and appointed 14 new officers to the most important posts.
898:
leadership worsened after the
National Reconciliation and the National Reconciliation itself came to a premature end in light of disagreements between the opposition and Nimeiry.
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2330:
1981:
1768:
1144:. He returned to Sudan in May 1999 to a rapturous welcome that surprised many of his detractors. The next year, he ran in the presidential election against incumbent president
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2081:
895:
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In the mid-1970s, he launched several initiatives to develop agriculture and industry in Sudan and he invited foreign Western and Chinese companies to explore for oil.
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2339:
874:
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755:, before being restored. During the 1971 coup attempt, Nimeiry jumped out the window of the place where he was incarcerated when his supporters came to rescue him.
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1998:
765:. In April 1972, he signed an agreement with China, by which Chinese military advisers began training the Sudanese Army, and further providing for Chinese sale of
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860:. Nimeiry and his government were narrowly saved after a column of army tanks entered the city. Ninety-eight people implicated in the plot were executed.
731:
2796:
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Political and economic discontent against Nimeiry had been growing for several years prior to 1985. According to a Sudanese individual interviewed by
2323:
1517:
The role of China in international relations: the impact of ideology on foreign policy with special reference to Sino-African relations (1949-1986)
886:, the leader of the opposition who was based abroad, and Nimeiry. A limited measure of pluralism was allowed and Sadiq al Mahdi and members of the
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831:
2074:
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2018:
1176:. Abdel Mahmoud was the first woman cabinet Minister in Sudan in the 1970s, and the first Sudanese woman to contest the presidency in the
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2316:
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Later in 1971, he was elected President winning a referendum with 98.6 per cent of the votes. He then dissolved the RCC and founded the
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which opposed him. O'Ballance writes that about 4,000 troops, plus tanks, stormed Aba Island on 30 March, supported by aircraft.
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The fate of Africa : from the hopes of freedom to the heart of despair : a history of fifty years of independence
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2308:
1157:
819:
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1934:
1838:
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466:; 1 January 1930 – 30 May 2009) was a Sudanese military officer and politician who served as the fourth
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1965:
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604:
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204:
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2014:
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290:
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After this coup, he started to move away from Soviet influence and began to receive arms from the US and
572:
secondary school, and finally in Hantub school that had a British colonial character. He then studied at
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1730:
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that led to the coup d'état deposing Nimeiry from the presidency on 6 April is often referred to as the
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2008:
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rapes, deaths; what role the October 1964 Revolution played; with enough material this should be
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after Taha — who was first accused of religious sedition in the 1960s when Sudan's President was
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636:
498:
467:
132:
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1056:
986:
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1971:
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101:
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31:
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that killed some 3,000 people and sparked national resentment against the Libyan leader
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in 1985 and went into exile in Egypt. He returned in 1999 and unsuccessfully ran in the
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1977:
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1022:
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883:
836:
In 1976, a force of one thousand insurgents under Sadiq al Mahdi, armed and trained by
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1201:"Role in Government" United States Library of Congress. Accessed on 10 September 2007.
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which he declared to be the only legal political organization. In 1972 he signed the
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43:
1488:
942:
In 1981, Nimeiry, pressured by his Islamic opponents, began a dramatic shift toward
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2414:
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set up the Sudanese Socialist Democratic Union Party as the successor party of the
963:
911:
822:(OAU) summit in Khartoum, Nimeiry was elected Chairman of the OAU until July 1979.
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On 25 May 1969, together with four other officers, Colonel Nimeiry, commanding the
852:, the insurgents engaged in three days of house-to-house fighting in Khartoum and
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2595:
2575:
2509:
2474:
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ousted him from power. During the subsequent elections the pro-Islamist leader,
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807:
803:
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30:
This article is about the Sudanese politician. For the Malay politician, see
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Nimeiry was educated at the Omdurman primary and elementary school, then in
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1378:
Who's who in Africa: The Political, Military and Business Leaders of Africa
612:
released on 9 January 1967 and transferred to command the infantry school.
1819:
1136:
Nimeiry lived in exile in Egypt from 1985 to 1999, in a villa situated in
576:, but, as he desired a military career, he eventually graduated from the
2424:
1685:
1583:
1352:
An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945-1996
943:
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Nimeiry during a 1978 state visit to Western Germany, testing army trucks
853:
849:
659:, his coup being termed the "May Revolution". He created and chaired the
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541:
319:
890:
joined the legislature under the umbrella of the Sudan Socialist Union.
1633:
1609:
967:
962:. The state-wide declaration of Sharia law alienated the predominantly
1275:"Gaafar al-Nimeiry, a Sudan Leader With Shifting Politics, Dies at 79"
580:
in Omdurman in 1952. He also earned a Master of Military Science from
1025:
lost 80 percent of its value due to inflation and renewed civil war.
951:
845:
815:
589:
545:
489:
as the sole legal political entity in the country, Nimeiry pursued
2092:
1863:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1610:"The Sharia in Sudan: Implementation and Repercussions, 1983-1989"
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1141:
873:
837:
811:
780:
762:
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510:
502:
394:
340:
959:
928:
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On 6 April 1985, while Nimeiry was on an official visit to the
667:, writing in 1977, said that the 14 seniormost officers of the
1032:
1003:
691:
In March–April 1970 Nimeiry ordered an aerial bombardment on
950:. In 1983, he declared an "Islamic revolution" and imposed
2757:
Non-U.S. alumni of the Command and General Staff College
540:. In his last years in power he also adopted aspects of
1759:"Sudan's president is ousted in coup by military chief"
1690:(1st ed.). New York: Public Affairs. p. 357.
1401:
O'Ballance, Secret War in the Sudan, F&F, 1973, 93.
1060:
2792:
Recipients of orders, decorations, and medals of Sudan
882:
In 1977, a National Reconciliation took place between
1982:
Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation
983:— had been declared an apostate by a Sudanese court.
2568:
2350:
2246:
2201:
2164:
2104:
1997:
1954:
1933:
1875:
1530:"Sudan Rebels Stage Coup But Loyal Troops Crush It"
423:
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346:
329:
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229:
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97:
78:
41:
990:Nimeiry arriving for a state visit in the US, 1983
802:number of bilateral investment treaties: with the
751:, and in 1971 was briefly removed from power by a
727:Coup attempts and alliance with China and the West
2340:Chairpersons of the Organisation of African Unity
1152:. The National Congress negotiated an end to the
946:political governance and allied himself with the
1355:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 530–531.
1117:in the hope of gaining more financial aid from
747:by former Prime Minister and Umma Party leader
714:whereby autonomy was granted to the non-Muslim
599:Nimeiri moved on to different positions in the
370:was established in 2008 as the successor party)
939:of 1978. He attended Sadat's funeral in 1981.
548:law throughout the country, precipitating the
2324:
2075:
1846:
1565:, Markus Wiener Publishers: Princeton, 2006,
998:was strengthened under the administration of
477:A military officer, he came to power after a
8:
1489:"CHINA'S INVOLVEMENT IN SUDAN: ARMS AND OIL"
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1168:in 2010. Another group led by Professor Dr.
603:. He was accused in 1957 of orchestrating a
470:from 1969 to 1985, first as Chairman of the
2737:National Congress Party (Sudan) politicians
2331:
2317:
2309:
2082:
2068:
2060:
1853:
1839:
1831:
1448:. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 40.
1240:Heads of States and Governments Since 1945
621:Early years in power and socialist reforms
63:
38:
1475:
1422:
1410:
743:In 1970 Nimeiry successfully weathered a
517:, after which he forged an alliance with
260:10 September 1977 – 6 April 1985
217:28 October 1969 – 11 August 1976
1728:[Sudan after the dictatorship].
1561:Burr, J. Millard and Robert O. Collins,
1344:
1342:
1340:
985:
910:
1519:, pp. 851-858, 1987, University of York
1189:
360:Alliance of the Peoples' Working Forces
145:12 October 1971 – 6 April 1985
1791:The Secret War in the Sudan: 1955–1972
931:) who maintained close relations with
582:Army Command and General Staff College
497:policies and close collaboration with
472:National Revolutionary Command Council
362:(after return from exile, merged with
183:National Revolutionary Command Council
93:25 May 1969 – 12 October 1971
81:National Revolutionary Command Council
1679:
1677:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
7:
2732:Sudanese Socialist Union politicians
1738:from the original on 16 October 2019
1237:Lentz, Harris M. (4 February 2014).
1125:led by his defence minister General
27:President of Sudan from 1969 to 1985
463:
368:Sudanese Socialist Democratic Union
818:31 July 1978. In July 1978 at the
515:survived a pro-Soviet coup attempt
25:
1584:"Sudan - National Reconciliation"
1563:Darfur: The Long Road to Disaster
832:1976 Sudanese coup d'état attempt
826:1976 Sudanese coup d'état attempt
446:(otherwise spelled in English as
2797:Sudanese Military College alumni
2155:
2091:
2037:Transitional Sovereignty Council
2025:Transitional Sovereignty Council
1924:
1862:
1818:
1771:from the original on 24 May 2015
1037:
412:
387:
1757:Miller, Judith (7 April 1985).
870:National Reconciliation (Sudan)
699:, who were associated with the
181:Himself as the chairman of the
2742:Leaders who took power by coup
1726:"Le Soudan après la dictature"
1273:Dennis Hevesi (11 June 2009).
695:which killed several thousand
558:presidential elections in 2000
1:
2019:Transitional Military Council
1381:. African Development. 1973.
1158:Comprehensive Peace Agreement
1057:split off into a full article
820:Organisation of African Unity
661:Revolutionary Command Council
2166:Democratic Republic of Sudan
1935:Democratic Republic of Sudan
1608:Warburg, Gabriel R. (1990).
1133:was elected Prime Minister.
919:Nimeiry was one of only two
525:, and, eventually, with the
1649:"Alcohol Is Dumped in Nile"
1101:that followed the Sudanese
1091:International Monetary Fund
1021:Between 1980 and 1985, the
655:the civilian government of
574:Khartoum University College
2813:
2767:Sudanese Arab nationalists
2727:Foreign ministers of Sudan
1789:O'Ballance, Edgar (1977).
1150:National Congress of Sudan
1127:Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab
867:
840:, crossed the border from
829:
825:
785:Nimeiry with US President
624:
444:Gaafar Muhammad an-Nimeiry
196:Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab
48:Gaafar Muhammad an-Nimeiry
29:
2292:
2223:post abolished, 1989–2017
2153:
2046:
1922:
1684:Meredith, Martin (2005).
1212:"المشير. جعفر محمد نميري"
1154:Second Sudanese civil war
973:Second Sudanese Civil War
923:leaders (the other being
888:Democratic Unionist Party
844:. After passing through
627:1969 Sudanese coup d'état
550:Second Sudanese Civil War
544:, and in 1983 he imposed
437:
432:Second Sudanese Civil War
296:
253:
210:
165:Abuelgasim Mohamed Hashim
138:
86:
74:
62:
53:
2752:Sudanese anti-communists
2747:Leaders ousted by a coup
2722:Prime ministers of Sudan
2098:Prime ministers of Sudan
1647:Ap (25 September 1983).
1442:Diana Childress (2010).
1174:Sudanese Socialist Union
1115:United States of America
907:Second term as president
720:First Sudanese Civil War
716:southern region of Sudan
708:Sudanese Socialist Union
564:Early life and education
538:First Sudanese Civil War
487:Sudanese Socialist Union
428:First Sudanese Civil War
353:Sudanese Socialist Union
169:Abdul Majid Hamid Khalil
54:
2787:Politicide perpetrators
1349:John E. Jessup (1998).
1123:bloodless military coup
1103:October 1964 Revolution
864:National Reconciliation
474:and then as President.
456:Ja'far Muhammad Numayri
205:Prime Minister of Sudan
162:Mohamed Al-Baghir Ahmed
2777:People of the Cold War
1445:Omar Al-Bashir's Sudan
1198:Sudan: A Country Study
1178:2010 Sudanese election
994:The alliance with the
991:
916:
879:
794:
740:
644:
532:In 1972 he signed the
468:head of state of Sudan
171:Omar Muhammad al-Tayib
167:Second Vice Presidents
18:Ja'far al-Numayri
1731:Le Monde Diplomatique
1156:that was signed in a
989:
977:Mahmoud Mohammed Taha
914:
877:
784:
734:
712:Addis Ababa Agreement
669:Sudanese Armed Forces
634:
534:Addis Ababa Agreement
479:military coup in 1969
401:Years of service
155:First Vice Presidents
2762:People from Omdurman
1827:at Wikimedia Commons
1536:. 6 September 1975.
1170:Fatima Abdel Mahmoud
324:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
2717:Presidents of Sudan
2248:Transitional period
1999:Transitional period
1915:Sovereignty Council
1905:Sovereignty Council
1887:Sovereignty Council
1869:Presidents of Sudan
1614:Middle East Journal
1293:"Gaafar al-Nimeiry"
1160:on 9 January 2005.
291:Al-Jazuli Daf'allah
126:Himself (President)
2772:Exiled politicians
1764:The New York Times
1653:The New York Times
1534:The New York Times
1279:The New York Times
1218:on 5 December 2018
1095:civil disobedience
1082:The New York Times
1059:. You can help by
992:
948:Muslim Brotherhood
937:Camp David Accords
917:
880:
810:17 February 1974,
795:
741:
718:, which ended the
645:
513:. In 1971 Nimeiry
499:Gamal Abdel Nasser
133:President of Sudan
2782:Muslim socialists
2689:
2688:
2306:
2305:
2203:Republic of Sudan
2106:Republic of Sudan
2057:
2056:
1956:Republic of Sudan
1877:Republic of Sudan
1823:Media related to
1588:countrystudies.us
1494:Human Right Watch
1455:978-0-8225-9096-5
1388:978-0-9502755-0-5
1077:
1076:
814:28 May 1977, and
554:ousted from power
481:. Establishing a
464:جعفر محمد النميري
441:
440:
371:
357:
56:جعفر محمد النميري
16:(Redirected from
2804:
2712:Sudanese Muslims
2333:
2326:
2319:
2310:
2159:
2096:
2095:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2061:
2039:† (2021–present)
1928:
1867:
1866:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1832:
1822:
1808:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
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1721:
1710:
1709:
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1559:
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1526:
1520:
1515:Ismail Debeche,
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
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1462:
1439:
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1408:
1402:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1346:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1321:. Archived from
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1270:
1255:
1254:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1214:. Archived from
1208:
1202:
1194:
1109:Exile and return
1072:
1069:
1041:
1033:
981:Ismail al-Azhari
892:Hassan al-Turabi
806:22 August 1970,
773:In late 1975, a
665:Edgar O'Ballance
657:Ismail al-Azhari
643:in Tripoli, 1969
586:Fort Leavenworth
465:
416:
393:
391:
390:
378:Military service
361:
356:(while in power)
355:
336:
315:
313:
301:Personal details
287:
275:
258:
244:
236:Babiker Awadalla
232:
215:
198:
191:
178:
152:
143:
123:
114:Ismail al-Azhari
110:
102:Babiker Awadalla
91:
79:Chairman of the
67:
57:
39:
21:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2564:
2352:
2351:Organisation of
2346:
2337:
2307:
2302:
2288:
2250:
2242:
2205:
2197:
2168:
2160:
2151:
2108:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2058:
2053:
2042:
2001:
1993:
1958:
1950:
1937:
1929:
1920:
1879:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1815:
1805:
1795:Faber and Faber
1788:
1785:
1784:
1774:
1772:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1739:
1723:
1722:
1713:
1698:
1683:
1682:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1592:
1590:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1514:
1510:
1500:
1498:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1474:
1470:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1441:
1440:
1429:
1421:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1363:
1348:
1347:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1325:on 27 June 2014
1317:
1316:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1272:
1271:
1258:
1251:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1111:
1099:1985 Revolution
1073:
1067:
1064:
1048:needs expansion
1042:
1031:
1029:1985 Revolution
1019:
925:Qaboos bin Said
915:Nimeiry in 1981
909:
904:
872:
866:
858:Muammar Gaddafi
842:Ma'tan as-Sarra
834:
828:
729:
675:Nimeiry became
629:
623:
618:
566:
507:Muammar Gaddafi
483:one-party state
430:
388:
386:
347:Political party
338:
334:
317:
311:
309:
285:
273:
259:
254:
242:
230:
216:
211:
194:
189:
176:
170:
168:
166:
164:
160:
156:
150:
144:
139:
121:
108:
92:
87:
70:
69:Nimeiry in 1974
58:
55:
49:
46:
35:
32:Jaafar Muhammad
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2810:
2808:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
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2749:
2744:
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2704:
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2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2254:
2252:
2251:(2019–present)
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2189:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2162:
2161:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2102:
2101:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2064:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2012:
2005:
2003:
2002:(2019–present)
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1985:
1975:
1969:
1962:
1960:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1939:
1931:
1930:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1883:
1881:
1873:
1872:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1825:Gaafar Nimeiry
1814:
1813:External links
1811:
1810:
1809:
1803:
1783:
1782:
1749:
1724:Gresh, Alain.
1711:
1696:
1673:
1639:
1620:(4): 624–637.
1600:
1575:
1554:
1521:
1508:
1480:
1478:, p. 107.
1476:OBallance 1977
1468:
1454:
1427:
1425:, p. 104.
1423:OBallance 1977
1415:
1413:, p. 103.
1411:OBallance 1977
1403:
1394:
1387:
1368:
1361:
1336:
1310:
1284:
1256:
1249:
1229:
1203:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1146:Omar al-Bashir
1131:Sadiq al-Mahdi
1110:
1107:
1075:
1074:
1045:
1043:
1036:
1030:
1027:
1023:Sudanese pound
1018:
1015:
908:
905:
903:
900:
896:Southern Sudan
884:Sadiq al Mahdi
868:Main article:
865:
862:
827:
824:
753:Communist coup
749:Sadiq al-Mahdi
728:
725:
677:prime minister
625:Main article:
622:
619:
617:
614:
565:
562:
452:Jaafar Nimeiry
448:Gaafar Nimeiry
439:
438:
435:
434:
425:
421:
420:
410:
406:
405:
402:
398:
397:
384:
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379:
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358:
348:
344:
343:
337:(aged 79)
331:
327:
326:
316:1 January 1930
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151:Vice President
147:
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111:
105:
104:
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84:
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26:
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14:
13:
10:
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6:
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3:
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2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:African Union
2567:
2561:
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2556:
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2551:
2548:
2546:
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2533:
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2353:African Unity
2349:
2345:
2344:African Union
2341:
2334:
2329:
2327:
2322:
2320:
2315:
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2311:
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2148:
2145:
2143:
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2135:
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2130:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
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2073:
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2066:
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2062:
2049:
2048:
2045:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1990:† (1993–2019)
1989:
1986:
1984:) (1986–1993)
1983:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1966:Swar al-Dahab
1964:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1916:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1895:† (1958–1964)
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1856:
1851:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1804:0-571-10768-0
1800:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1786:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1753:
1750:
1737:
1734:(in French).
1733:
1732:
1727:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1697:1-58648-246-7
1693:
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1589:
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1579:
1576:
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1571:1-55876-405-4
1568:
1564:
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1535:
1531:
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1404:
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1384:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1369:
1364:
1362:9780313281129
1358:
1354:
1353:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1299:. 1 June 2009
1298:
1297:The Telegraph
1294:
1288:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1250:9781134264902
1246:
1243:. Routledge.
1242:
1241:
1233:
1230:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1089:(US) and the
1088:
1087:United States
1084:
1083:
1071:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1046:This section
1044:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
1000:Ronald Reagan
997:
996:United States
988:
984:
982:
978:
974:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
940:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
913:
906:
901:
899:
897:
893:
889:
885:
876:
871:
863:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
833:
823:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
800:
792:
788:
783:
779:
776:
775:military coup
771:
768:
764:
761:
756:
754:
750:
746:
738:
735:Nimiery with
733:
726:
724:
721:
717:
713:
709:
704:
702:
698:
694:
689:
687:
683:
678:
673:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
642:
638:
633:
628:
620:
615:
613:
609:
606:
602:
601:Sudanese Army
597:
595:
594:United States
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
563:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
536:, ending the
535:
530:
528:
527:United States
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
475:
473:
469:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
436:
433:
429:
426:
422:
419:
418:Field Marshal
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
396:
385:
381:
376:
369:
365:
359:
354:
351:
350:
349:
345:
342:
332:
328:
325:
321:
308:
304:
299:
295:
292:
289:
283:
280:
277:
271:
267:
263:
257:
252:
249:
246:
240:
237:
234:
228:
224:
220:
214:
209:
206:
201:
197:
193:
187:
184:
180:
174:
163:
159:
154:
148:
142:
137:
134:
129:
125:
119:
115:
112:
106:
103:
100:
96:
90:
85:
82:
77:
73:
66:
61:
52:
45:
44:Field Marshal
40:
37:
33:
19:
2278:vacant, 2022
2277:
2268:vacant, 2021
2267:
2258:vacant, 2019
2257:
2222:
2191:
2180:
2017:† (with the
1980:† (with the
1944:
1790:
1773:. Retrieved
1762:
1752:
1740:. Retrieved
1729:
1686:
1664:. Retrieved
1652:
1642:
1617:
1613:
1603:
1591:. Retrieved
1587:
1578:
1562:
1557:
1545:. Retrieved
1533:
1524:
1516:
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1492:
1483:
1471:
1459:. Retrieved
1444:
1418:
1406:
1397:
1377:
1371:
1351:
1329:18 September
1327:. Retrieved
1323:the original
1313:
1301:. Retrieved
1296:
1287:
1278:
1239:
1232:
1220:. Retrieved
1216:the original
1206:
1197:
1192:
1162:
1135:
1112:
1098:
1080:
1078:
1068:October 2019
1065:
1061:adding to it
1047:
1020:
1012:
993:
941:
918:
881:
835:
796:
772:
757:
745:coup attempt
742:
737:Marshal Tito
705:
690:
674:
646:
610:
598:
567:
531:
476:
455:
451:
447:
443:
442:
424:Battles/wars
335:(2009-05-30)
318:Wad Nubawi,
286:Succeeded by
255:
243:Succeeded by
212:
190:Succeeded by
140:
122:Succeeded by
88:
36:
2707:2009 deaths
2702:1930 births
2626:Hailemariam
2206:(1985–2019)
2169:(1969–1985)
2109:(1956–1969)
1972:al-Mirghani
1968:† (1985–86)
1959:(1985–2019)
1938:(1969–1985)
1917:) (1965–69)
1880:(1956–1969)
1666:13 December
1461:13 February
1050: with:
933:Anwar Sadat
808:Switzerland
804:Netherlands
791:White House
787:Gerald Ford
686:Pan-Arabist
605:coup d'état
578:War College
495:Pan-Arabist
485:, with his
333:30 May 2009
279:Rashid Bakr
274:Preceded by
248:Rashid Bakr
231:Preceded by
177:Preceded by
116:(President)
109:Preceded by
2696:Categories
2666:Tshisekedi
2631:Abdel Aziz
2545:Bouteflika
2390:Boumédiène
2296:† military
2132:Al-Khalifa
2050:† military
1913:(with the
1899:Al-Khalifa
1793:. London:
1775:16 October
1742:16 October
1303:3 February
1222:5 December
1184:References
1138:Heliopolis
1119:Washington
1008:Port Sudan
952:Sharia law
935:after the
830:See also:
701:Umma Party
693:Aba Island
651:Garrison,
570:Wad Madani
519:Mao Zedong
383:Allegiance
339:Omdurman,
312:1930-01-01
158:Abel Alier
2681:Ghazouani
2676:Assoumani
2661:Ramaphosa
2611:Mutharika
2560:Mwanawasa
2505:Babangida
2430:Ramgoolam
2410:Hassan II
2213:Daf'allah
2116:al-Azhari
2031:al-Burhan
2027:(2019–21)
2015:al-Burhan
1988:al-Bashir
1978:al-Bashir
1974:(1986–89)
1911:al-Azhari
1907:(1964–65)
1889:(1956–58)
1661:0362-4331
1626:0026-3141
1542:0362-4331
1501:8 January
1017:Inflation
964:Christian
958:into the
902:1980–1985
688:reforms.
682:socialist
653:overthrew
635:Nimeiry,
616:1969–1980
596:in 1966.
552:. He was
529:as well.
491:socialist
404:1952–1985
265:President
256:In office
222:President
213:In office
141:In office
89:In office
2586:Obasanjo
2581:Chissano
2540:Compaoré
2500:Museveni
2465:Mengistu
2380:Selassie
2360:Selassie
2342:and the
2299:* acting
2218:al-Mahdi
2176:Awadalla
2142:al-Mahdi
2033:† (2021)
2021:) (2019)
2011:† (2019)
1769:Archived
1736:Archived
1706:58791298
1573:, p. 111
944:Islamist
854:Omdurman
850:Kordofan
649:Khartoum
542:Islamism
366:but the
320:Omdurman
2606:Gaddafi
2601:Kikwete
2591:Nguesso
2555:Chiluba
2550:Eyadéma
2520:Ben Ali
2515:Mubarak
2495:Mubarak
2480:Nguesso
2470:Nyerere
2455:Stevens
2450:Senghor
2445:Tolbert
2440:Nimeiry
2370:Nkrumah
2283:Hussein
2192:Nimeiry
2181:Nimeiry
2147:Mahgoub
2137:Mahgoub
2009:Ibn Auf
1945:Nimeiry
1634:4328194
1593:21 July
1547:25 July
1319:"?????"
1052:sourced
968:animist
956:alcohol
799:Chevron
789:in the
739:in 1970
663:(RCC).
641:Gaddafi
268:Himself
225:Himself
2651:Kagame
2636:Mugabe
2616:Obiang
2596:Kufuor
2535:Mugabe
2490:Traoré
2485:Kaunda
2405:Daddah
2400:Kaunda
2395:Ahidjo
2385:Mobutu
2375:Ankrah
2365:Nasser
2273:Hamdok
2263:Hamdok
2233:Moussa
2126:Abboud
2121:Khalil
1901:(1964)
1893:Abboud
1801:
1704:
1694:
1659:
1632:
1624:
1569:
1540:
1497:. 2003
1452:
1385:
1359:
1247:
846:Darfur
816:France
793:, 1976
770:1985.
767:MiG-19
760:Maoist
637:Nasser
590:Kansas
546:Sharia
460:Arabic
392:
98:Deputy
2646:Condé
2576:Mbeki
2525:Meles
2510:Diouf
2475:Diouf
2435:Bongo
2420:Barre
2415:Gowon
2238:Ayala
2228:Saleh
1630:JSTOR
1166:Sudan
1142:Cairo
1006:near
838:Libya
812:Egypt
763:China
697:Ansar
523:China
511:Libya
503:Egypt
454:, or
395:Sudan
341:Sudan
2671:Sall
2656:Sisi
2641:Déby
2621:Boni
2530:Biya
2425:Amin
2187:Bakr
1799:ISBN
1777:2019
1744:2019
1702:OCLC
1692:ISBN
1668:2022
1657:ISSN
1622:ISSN
1595:2023
1567:ISBN
1549:2023
1538:ISSN
1503:2020
1463:2011
1450:ISBN
1383:ISBN
1357:ISBN
1331:2018
1305:2024
1245:ISBN
1224:2018
1121:, a
966:and
960:Nile
929:Oman
921:Arab
848:and
684:and
639:and
505:and
493:and
409:Rank
330:Died
306:Born
203:8th
131:2nd
2460:Moi
1063:.
1004:CIA
927:of
584:in
521:of
509:of
501:of
364:NCP
2698::
1797:.
1767:.
1761:.
1714:^
1700:.
1676:^
1655:.
1651:.
1628:.
1618:44
1616:.
1612:.
1586:.
1532:.
1491:.
1430:^
1339:^
1295:.
1277:.
1259:^
1180:.
1140:,
1105:.
1010:.
592:,
588:,
560:.
462::
458:;
450:,
322:,
2332:e
2325:t
2318:v
2285:*
2194:†
2183:†
2128:†
2083:e
2076:t
2069:v
1947:†
1854:e
1847:t
1840:v
1807:.
1779:.
1746:.
1708:.
1670:.
1636:.
1597:.
1551:.
1505:.
1465:.
1391:.
1365:.
1333:.
1307:.
1281:.
1253:.
1226:.
1070:)
1066:(
314:)
310:(
34:.
20:)
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