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178:, who began organizing a Jacobite invasion from France. Dated 19 March 1718, the letter implicitly informed Ormonde that his supporters in England awaited his invasion. However, the letter was intercepted in that same year by the British Secrete Office, the anti-Jacobite intelligence organization. Since Barker's name and handwriting were unknown to the government authorities, it is suspected that she was used as a ghost-writer for the letter—a technique used to protect plotters whose identities and handwriting were already well known by authorities.
407:. Translated as a response to the severe government reprisals on the Catholic community in England in early 1716, this devotional manual reframed a Protestants' understanding of Catholicism in order to discourage any further egregious actions against the Catholic community. Barker's translation of FĂ©nelon's work offered a take on Catholicism that used the vocabulary of the Church of England; she removed extraneous Catholic representation from the original so as not to dissuade Protestant readership.
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feeling through themes including romance, love, and heroism. Written primarily for a female audience, the male characters within the fiction are stock representations while female characters are developed virtuously and follow strict moral tenets. Jonathan
Grieder states that formally the work is weak, but because it appeals to women during the early eighteenth century it can inform the reader about feminine interests during the time of its publication.
479:
has one foot in the old world methods of circulating works and one in the modern market-place. Relying upon income from her later publications for money, Barker had more freedom and independence than other female authors of the early modern period. Depicted as an autobiographical author by
Kathryn R. King, Jane Barker's works display a strong feminist bent, offering her readership information regarding single womanhood, female education and politics.
470:' Orinda as a model for her own speaker, Fidelia, without including homosexual undertones that are present within Katherine Philips' writings. Barker established herself as a published female author whose print works were primarily for a female audience. Her dedications, "to the ladies," also suggest that she was writing for an elite female readership, although this dedication may have been included by Edmund Curll for marketing purposes.
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64:(1726) were written after she returned to London in 1704. Prior to and during her exile, she wrote a collection of poems justifying the value of feminine education and female single life, "Poetical Recreations" (1688), and a group of political poems, "A Collection of Poems Referring to the Times" (1701), which conveyed her anxiety about the political future of England.
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Jane Barker was the first woman to firmly position herself as an author working with both manuscript and print media. Choosing to publish in both spheres gave both a mainstream readership as well as the more intimate coteries access to her work. Because of her interest in manuscript and print, Barker
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Originally published in 1688, the first part of this two-part compilation comprises Barker's own poems addressed to her friends, and the second part contains poems written by Barker's friends addressed to Barker herself. Described as written by "several
Gentlemen of the Universities, and Others," the
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and within the
Magdalen Manuscript at the Oxford Magdalen library, written between 1670 and 1688. Jane Barker was one of the first female authors to publish writings both in manuscript and print form, allowing modern scholars to study "the passage of Barker's poetry from coterie circles to larger,
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can be read as a pro-Stuart response to the succession crisis that followed Anne's death. There is some suggestion that Curll sped up the release of the work so that he could capitalize on the market potential during the political upheaval. This novel is understood to be a projection of
Jacobite
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boasted that poems within were "Occasionally written by Mrs. Jane Barker". Benjamin Crayle also contributed twelve poems in Part Two and expressed his admiration for Barker's literary taste. A note in what is now called the
Magdalen Manuscript suggests that the publisher did not have Barker's
338:. It has been suggested that Bosvil's character was based heavily on a man whom Barker knew well. King suggests that the original edition of the novel in 1713 was not meant for publication because major revisions were made before it was reprinted, with a new title, in 1719.
88:, in England to Thomas Barker and Anne Connock. Anne Connock seems to be descended from an unlanded and Roman Catholic branch of the Connock family, which might explain Jane's Papist affiliation. A member of a royalist family, Jane Barker went into exile with James II once
441:, odes, recipes, philosophical reflections, among others, the two works create a hybrid genre. Barker uses the metaphor of the patch-work screen to raise questions about politics, sexual politics, economics, and finance in her society. In
457:
Capitalizing on the education she received from her brother, Barker established herself as an author within mostly male coteries during the second half of the seventeenth century. Barker worked to alleviate the stigma of
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and in her poems about anatomy found in her "Poetical
Recreations". Indebted to her brother for providing her with the basis of her education, Jane mourned his death in 1675, shortly after he finished his time at Oxford.
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indicates that the initial collection was not yet meant for public consumption. Scholar
Kathryn King finds evidence through marginal notations in the Magdalen Manuscript that Barker's works are
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159:, and a royalist, Jane Barker was one of the 40,000 people who followed James II in exile to France. She was one of the smaller number of individuals who maintained residence at
96:. This property was bequeathed to both Jane Barker and her mother upon her father's death in 1681 and she relocated to the property upon returning from exile in 1704.
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woman, Barker belonged to the tradition of female martial valor and enjoyed her freedom from men in her own personal life. There is evidence that Barker used
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is highly political and takes a pro-Stuart position. The speaker in the collection, Fidelia, is considered autobiographical. She is characterized as a Stuart
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entered
England, threatening an overthrow of the outwardly Catholic James II. When Jane was 10 years old, Thomas Barker leased a property and manor in
346:. Curll published some of her later works. It was suspected that Curll probably added the term "Amours" to the title for better commercial appeal.
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Wilson, Carol Shiner, ed. The
Galesia Trilogy and Selected Manuscript Poems of Jane Barker. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
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convert, depicting Barker's own political and religious affiliations. Upon returning to England, Jane Barker gifted a copy of her
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Swenson, Rivka. "Representing Modernity in Jane Barker’s Galesia Trilogy: Jacobite Allegory and the Patch-Work Aesthetic,"
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was written in 1726. Often recognized to be a blending of genre conventions including romance, bourgeois fiction, poems,
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King, Kathryn and Jeslyn Medoff. "Jane Barker and Her Life (1652–1732): The Documentary Record."
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254:. Originally printed without the author's permission by Benjamin Crayle, the title page of
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more impersonal communities of readers" Never married, Jane Barker died quietly in 1732.
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was the first novel that Barker published, though probably without her permission, with
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Spencer, Jane. "Creating the Woman Writer: The Autobiographical Works of Jane Barker."
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In 1718, Barker published her translation of a French Catholic devotional manual,
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permission to print the collection: it reads "now corrected by her own hand." The
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Although not known for her letter writing, four extant letters are located in the
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including "Anatomy," the poem which indicates Barker's proficiency in medicine.
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King, Kathryn. "Jane Barker and Her Life (1652–1732): the documentary record."
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McArthur, Tonya Moutray. "Jane Barker and the Politics of Catholic Celibacy,"
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King, Kathryn R. "Jane Barker, Poetical Recreations, and the Sociable Text."
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24:(1652–1732) was a popular English fiction writer, poet, and a staunch
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Barker's Jacobite involvement is further evidenced in her letter to
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107:, and herbal medicine by her brother, Edward, who matriculated at
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Barker was baptized on 17 May 1652 according to the rites of the
140:(of England), between 1685 and 1688. After James' defeat by the
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Originally printed in 1713 and revised and reprinted in 1719,
1071:. 61.3 (1994): 551–570. ((ISSN|0013-8304)) ((OCLC|361323977))
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is believed to contain a prototype copy of the collection.
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was the first installment in what came to be known as the
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Written at the end of her time at Saint-Germaine-en-Laye,
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King, Kathryn R. "Barker, Jane (bap. 1652, d.1732)."
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and make it an acceptable alternative to marriage. A
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Jane Barker was born in May 1652, in the village of
364:Title Page from the 1715 edition of Jane Barker's
224:The Lining of the Patch-Work Screen for the Ladies
1054:University of Warwickshire. Web. 25 October 2015.
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62:The Lining of the Patchwork Screen for the Ladies
1045:The Encyclopedia of British Literature 1660–1789
983:Jane Barker, exile: A Literary Career, 1675-1725
1163:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Anglicanism
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293:to the son of James II for his birthday. The
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291:A Collection of Poems Referring to the Times
279:A Collection of Poems Referring to the Times
272:A Collection of Poems Referring to the Times
192:A Collection of Poems Referring to the Times
325:The Entertaining Novels of Mrs. Jane Barker
1085:2.2 (1983): 165–181. Web. 13 October 2015.
99:As a young woman, Jane Barker was taught
1031:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
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28:. She went into self-imposed exile when
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18:English writer and Jacobite (1652–1732)
163:in 1689. James II maintained court in
1090:Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture
7:
1040:Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2000. Print
1198:People from South Kesteven District
435:The Lining of the Patch-Work Screen
420:The Lining of the Patch Work Screen
1223:18th-century English women writers
1213:17th-century English women writers
1193:People from North Northamptonshire
443:A Patch-Work Screen for the Ladies
427:A Patch-Work Screen for the Ladies
412:A Patch-Work Screen for the Ladies
372:Published just after the death of
219:A Patch-Work Screen for the Ladies
167:, a castle lent to the Stuarts by
117:Dr. Barker's Famous Gout Plaister,
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1238:18th-century pseudonymous writers
246:was written by contributors from
176:James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde
111:in 1668 and earned his M.A. from
58:A Patchwork Screen for the Ladies
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1050:Pickard, Claire. "Jane Barker."
1043:Mello, Patrick. "Barker, Jane."
315:The Amours of Bosvil and Galesia
199:The Amours of Bosvil and Galesia
165:Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
124:Political affiliations and exile
42:The Amours of Bosvil and Galesia
1047:. Wiley-Blackwell, 2015. Print.
1208:18th-century English novelists
1:
1076:Studies in English Literature
1233:18th-century British writers
1228:18th-century English writers
1218:17th-century English writers
1128:(London: Edmund Curll, 1715)
1083:Tulsa Studies in Literature.
132:; however, she converted to
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1243:Pseudonymous women writers
1203:17th-century English poets
109:St. John's College, Oxford
155:Following an ideology of
1024:Eighteenth Century Life.
429:is based loosely on the
395:, originally written by
393:The Christian Pilgrimage
386:The Christian Pilgrimage
214:The Christian Pilgrimage
94:Wilsthorpe, Lincolnshire
1183:English Roman Catholics
1178:English women novelists
1117:Eighteenth-Century Life
1092:. (Spring 2005): 55–80.
1188:Roman Catholic writers
1168:English Catholic poets
553:King, Kathryn R., 2004
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1110:at Wikimedia Commons
1078:47.3 (2007): 595–618.
433:, published in 1669.
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197:Love Intrigues';' or
161:Saint-Germain-en-Laye
113:Christ Church, Oxford
40:in 1688. Her novels,
447:Poetical Recreations
256:Poetical Recreations
244:Poetical Recreations
236:Poetical Recreations
187:Poetical Recreations
44:, also published as
1173:English women poets
1119:21.3 (1997): 16–38.
1038:Jane Barker, Exile.
1026:21.3 (1997): 16–38.
935:Jane Barker, Exiles
716:Jane Barker, Exiles
431:Lettres Portugaises
425:Published in 1723,
171:from 1689 to 1704.
150:Glorious Revolution
38:Glorious Revolution
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355:The Banish'd Roman
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209:The Banish'd Roman
54:The Banish'd Roman
1138:eBooks @ Adelaide
1106:Media related to
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680:Jane Baker, Exile
468:Katherine Philips
252:Oxford University
130:Church of England
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598:Wilson, xix
511:Mello, 2015
495:Wilson, xxv
182:Major works
146:William III
134:Catholicism
82:Blatherwick
36:during the
22:Jane Barker
1147:Categories
880:Wilson, xl
826:Grieder, 9
817:Grieder, 6
401:archbishop
374:Queen Anne
295:manuscript
261:marginalia
157:Jacobitism
76:Early life
1130:– e-text.
376:in 1714,
248:Cambridge
169:Louis XIV
148:) in the
1052:Perdita.
464:celibate
287:Catholic
283:loyalist
138:James II
56:(1715),
48:(1713),
30:James II
26:Jacobite
1126:Exilius
670:, 31-32
520:Pickard
405:Cambrai
378:Exilius
351:Exilius
226:(1726)
205:Exilius
105:anatomy
50:Exilius
34:England
913:, 63-4
474:Legacy
399:, the
366:Exiles
230:Poetry
221:(1723)
216:(1718)
211:(1715)
201:(1713)
194:(1701)
189:(1688)
1136:from
1009:, 213
997:, 207
985:, 4-5
973:, 199
961:, 137
862:, 157
850:, 155
838:, 154
808:, 153
796:, 152
784:, 150
772:, 186
748:, 185
718:, 122
706:, 103
694:, 101
622:, 119
532:, 4-5
483:Notes
439:hymns
305:Prose
207:; or
101:Latin
32:fled
949:, 55
937:, 45
925:, 65
901:, 48
682:, 33
658:, 31
643:, 42
589:, 13
577:, 11
418:and
414:or,
285:and
1069:ELH
760:187
403:of
353:or
313:or
250:or
52:or
1149::
648:^
612:^
558:^
546:^
500:^
267:.
103:,
84:,
368:.
144:(
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