332:
generally avoid contact with seawater. Humid tropical forests with closed canopies are typically avoided, except where roads and development have cleared the open spaces kingfishers require to hunt. Urban and suburban spaces with suitable tree cover can also provide suitable habitat for Javan kingfishers. Unlike many species of kingfisher, the Javan kingfisher does not appear very dependent on proximity to a body of water. It is typically found at elevations below 1,500 m (4,900 ft) above sea level, but one study found Javan kingfishers at nearly 2,500 m (8,200 ft) on Mount Lawu in East-Central Java.
416:” as recently as 1988, and its population is generally considered to be declining. Population declines were noted as early as 1970 in Ujung Kulon National Park in West Java and local extinctions have also been reported in Bogor, although more recent literature has reported Javan kingfishers inhabiting planted urban spaces in Bogor. Even abundant populations in remote regions face danger from encroaching development, as Java has faced widespread deforestation and has few natural preservation areas.
75:
31:
50:
432:
required on the impacts of pesticides on Javan kingfishers and other birds adapted to urban and agricultural environments. Research into designing more bird-friendly urban spaces is also greatly needed as
Indonesia continues to develop, as is research into the establishment of more protected areas for maintaining the health of Java's fauna.
420:
Nonetheless, in 2018 the
Indonesian government removed protections for Javan kingfishers and several other bird species in light of the IUCN's “least concern” finding. The removal of the Javan kingfisher's protections have led to calls for a more thorough assessment of the species’ population and status.
291:
The Javan kingfisher is a medium-sized bird (25–27 cm at maturity) with a distinctive large red bill; dark brown irises, head, throat, and collar; a purple body; vivid turquoise primary coverts, secondaries, and tail; white wing patches on the bases of the primaries (visible in flight); and dark
357:
kingfishers, the Javan kingfisher typically prefers insects and small prey animals taken on land or at the water's edge over prey items actually within the water, and in fact seems less suited to aquatic hunting than many kingfishers of other genera. A typical diet can include fish, frogs, reptiles,
349:
The Javan kingfisher displays classic kingfisher perch-and-wait behavior, preferring isolated perches or exposed branches at forest edges rather than closed-canopy forest interiors. As they display a limited degree of eye rotation, kingfishers use head movements to track their prey. Once a prey item
231:
The brightly-colored Javan kingfisher has the large head and bill typical of kingfishers, although the species is less suited for aquatic hunting than many of its relatives and catches much of its prey on land or near the water's edge. The highly territorial bird lays its round white eggs in burrows
431:
Comprehensive studies into the population size and trends of the Javan kingfisher are needed in order to properly assess their conservation status. Further research into the specific regions of population decline could also shed light on the processes threatening the species. More research is also
384:
Generation length is considered 3.8 years by the IUCN. Whereas most
Alcedinidae are single-brooded, a single Javan kingfisher is able to lay eggs as many as four times per breeding season. Kingfisher chicks are altricial, hatching naked and blind, but grow quickly and typically fledge in less than
380:
lays 3–5 eggs per clutch that are almost completely round (30.35 x 26.71 mm on average) and pure white. Like most kingfishers, they nest in a cavity at the end of a horizontal tunnel excavated into earthen walls or stream banks, often in open and sunny places. The tunnel openings are usually
419:
The Javan
Kingfisher was formerly protected by Indonesian Government Law No. 5 from 1990 and Government Law No. 7 from 1999. But despite its protected status, the bird is still frequently captured, caged, and sold in markets for the caged bird trade despite its unsuitability for captive raising.
331:
to the
Indonesian islands of Java and Bali. It is a non-migratory species that lives in a variety of habitats, including pastures, fish ponds, paddyfields, marshes, coastal scrub, mangroves, open dry forest, municipal parks and gardens, and orchards. They inhabit some coastal environments but
365:
When rearing offspring, Javan kingfishers will adjust their prey preferences according to the age of their young—hatchlings will first receive soft food such as worms and grubs, then gradually progress to small fish, reptiles, and larger insects as they mature.
350:
is spotted, the kingfisher will wait for the opportune moment to swoop down and capture it with its large beak; after returning to a perch, the kingfisher will sometimes forcefully swing its prey against a branch in order to kill or soften it.
303:, hence its local name, Cekakak (or variants thereof). Others describe their call as a far-carrying scream that is striking and often heard, yet quieter than that of the collared kingfisher. Alternative published spellings of
340:
Like all kingfishers, the Javan kingfisher is highly territorial and tends to stay close to its nesting area. They are mostly solitary animals, and are somewhat skittish around humans. Javan kingfishers are non-migratory.
927:
Wibisono, H. T., et al. 2018. “Identifying
Priority Conservation Landscapes and Actions for the Critically Endangered Javan Leopard in Indonesia: Conserving the Last Large Carnivore in Java Island.”
374:
The Javan kingfisher's nesting season lasts from March through
September, though some sources say it begins as early as February. These breeding months roughly comprise Indonesia's dry season.
795:
Krisanti, A.A.; Choirunnafi, A.; Septiana, N.O.; Pratama, F.W.; Amelia, F.; Manjaswarti, A.; Septiningtyas, P.A.; Wati, A.S.; Satria, J.Y.; Ani, I.L.; Wibowo, T. & Sugiyarto (July 2017).
412:,” citing the bird's very large range and the fact that its population is not declining precipitously in its assessment of the species. However, the Javan kingfisher was considered “
2155:
2194:
362:
water beetles. Their diet is most likely dependent on the prey resources available within their territories, which can include a wide variety of habitat types.
2286:
2261:
292:
red feet. There are no reported significant sexual dimorphisms. Juveniles are duller with brownish-orange bills and whitish throats. Juveniles of the genus
972:
2129:
2168:
712:
Polii, O.A.I., and
Yanuwiadi, B. 2015. “Distribution of Diurnal Bird in Pine Forests and Citrus Orchard in Bedengan, Selorejo Village, Malang.”
381:
1.5–3 meters above the ground, which probably helps defend against nest predation, and the tunnels are usually 40 cm to 1 meter in length.
283:
Local names for the Javan kingfisher include "cekakak jawa", "cekakak gunung", or simply "cekakak" after their sharp, chattering vocalizations.
2276:
603:"The local knowledge of the rural people on species, role and hunting of birds: Case study in Karangwangi Village, West Java, Indonesia"
511:
Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquee aux arts, a l'agriculture, a l'economie rurale et domestique, a la medecine, etc.:
392:
breeding cycles and behavior is unknown due to the skittish nature of the birds and the difficulty of directly observing their nests.
1964:
683:
2281:
1976:
1952:
1940:
264:
for some of kingfishers — primarily those with stronger, thicker, more rounded beaks. The bird is today listed under the genus
965:
2173:
911:
Widodo, W. 2015. “Qualitative
Assessment of Bird Species Abundance in the Telaga Bodas Mountains Forest, Garut, West Java.”
423:
Additional threats include the use of pesticides in orchards and agricultural areas where the bird is frequently observed.
1250:
2199:
1928:
1904:
1892:
1880:
1766:
1605:
280:; although the birds are sometimes considered conspecific, they overlap in range in West Java without hybridizing.
1814:
1405:
1262:
1106:
958:
268:, referring to the “Halcyon” bird of Greek legend, which contains 11 species of large, heavy-billed kingfishers.
74:
2266:
2045:
1916:
1841:
1435:
1334:
1133:
847:. Mongabay Indonesia. www.mongabay.co.id/2019/04/07/menikmati-celoteh-cekakak-jawa-di-hutan-desa-di-yogyakarta/
778:
Suripto, B.A., et al. 2015. “The Bird
Species in Yogyakarta City: Diversity, Guild Type Composition and Nest.”
1395:
1802:
1790:
1778:
1700:
1505:
1346:
1286:
1211:
1199:
1187:
2271:
2080:
2007:
1727:
1475:
1445:
1274:
1082:
272:
kingfishers generally prefer woodlands and primarily consume small terrestrial animals rather than fish.
1754:
1645:
1535:
1465:
1385:
255:
244:
196:
179:
528:
484:
2072:
2054:
1665:
1655:
1565:
1871:
1853:
1515:
1322:
1310:
1094:
1070:
39:
530:
Zoological Illustrations or Original Figures and Descriptions of New, Rare, or Interesting Animals
1625:
1555:
1525:
1495:
1455:
1358:
730:
Meltriana, A., Mardiastuti, A., and Mulyani, Y.A. 2018. “Urban cemeteries as habitat for birds.”
69:
940:
Whitten, A. J., Whitten, T., Soeriaatmadja, R. S., Soeriaatmadja, R. E., and Afiff, S. A. 1996.
870:
2160:
2220:
2186:
2103:
1635:
1615:
1585:
1575:
1425:
1415:
1043:
2225:
2059:
400:
The halcyonine primary moult is descendant, starting with P1, the innermost primary feather.
1595:
1545:
1238:
1160:
811:
617:
479:
296:
often show light barring or mottling along areas that are more uniformly colored in adults.
2085:
796:
602:
30:
2207:
1675:
1485:
1229:
981:
601:
Iskandar, Johan; Iskandar, Budiawati Supangkat & Partasasmita, Ruhyat (October 2016).
413:
260:
248:
225:
156:
146:
655:
A Field Guide to the Birds of Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and Bali: The Greater Sunda Islands
461:
797:"The diversity of diurnal bird species on western slope of Mount Lawu, Java, Indonesia"
714:
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Global Resource Conservation (ICGRC)
2238:
2255:
2181:
1011:
750:
470:
409:
241:
126:
59:
54:
2108:
2095:
684:"On the Ornithology of the Rhino Sanctuary Udjung Kulon in West Java (Indonesia)"
2142:
2039:
1376:
1178:
1023:
1017:
533:. Vol. 1. London: Baldwin, Cradock and Joy; and W. Wood. pp. 175–176.
2233:
1745:
1061:
816:
622:
136:
1691:
1124:
86:
2030:
2212:
2024:
1718:
999:
408:
The IUCN Red List currently considers the Javan kingfisher a species of “
106:
2134:
2067:
1151:
751:"Bird community in Taman Kehati Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia"
358:
freshwater shrimps, terrestrial and aquatic insects, and the larvae of
328:
1034:
993:
96:
2147:
2121:
2001:
950:
2116:
1832:
1005:
116:
2005:
954:
240:
The Javan kingfisher was first described in 1818 by the French
780:
3rd International Conference on Biological Science (ICBS 2013)
455:
453:
451:
449:
447:
445:
871:
http://darikakimerapi.blogspot.com/2012/01/cekakak-jawa.html
845:
Menikmati Celoteh Cekakak Jawa di Hutan Desa di Yogyakarta
749:
Rahayuningsih, Margareta & Priyono, Bambang (2016).
276:
forms a superspecies with the white-throated kingfisher
893:. Bogor: Uitgave van de Kon. Plantentuin van Indonesië.
732:
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
228:) endemic to the Indonesian islands of Java and Bali.
299:
The Javan kingfisher's call is described locally as
2014:
1869:
1830:
1743:
1716:
1689:
1374:
1227:
1176:
1149:
1122:
1059:
1032:
891:
De avifauna van de plantentuin te Buitenzorg (Java)
944:. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions Limited, 969 pages.
755:International Journal of Ecology & Development
485:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22683252A92980601.en
744:
742:
740:
966:
657:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 692 pages.
232:excavated from earthen walls and riverbanks.
8:
691:Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
790:
788:
516:. Paris: Chez Deterville. pp. 412–413.
2002:
973:
959:
951:
596:
594:
586:Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 6
504:
502:
224:, is a medium-sized kingfisher (subfamily
48:
29:
20:
815:
621:
483:
653:MacKinnon, J., and K. Phillipps. 1993.
441:
923:
921:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
885:
883:
881:
879:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
774:
772:
770:
768:
580:
578:
576:
574:
572:
570:
568:
566:
564:
562:
560:
7:
1994:56 to 61 living species in 12 genera
726:
724:
722:
708:
706:
704:
649:
647:
645:
643:
641:
639:
637:
635:
633:
558:
556:
554:
552:
550:
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
2287:Taxa named by Louis Pierre Vieillot
2262:IUCN Red List least concern species
471:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
14:
1965:Buff-breasted paradise kingfisher
1977:Black-capped paradise kingfisher
1953:Brown-headed paradise kingfisher
1941:Red-breasted paradise kingfisher
513:Le Martin-pecheur a ventre bleu.
73:
460:BirdLife International (2016).
427:Priorities for future research
1:
301:cekakakak cekakakak cekakakak
1251:Chocolate-backed kingfisher
584:Del Hoyo, J., et al. 2002.
2303:
2277:Endemic birds of Indonesia
1929:Numfor paradise kingfisher
1905:Kofiau paradise kingfisher
1893:Common paradise kingfisher
1881:Little paradise kingfisher
1767:Rufous-collared kingfisher
1606:Cinnamon-banded kingfisher
527:Swainson, William (1821).
1992:
1815:Scaly-breasted kingfisher
1406:Blue-and-white kingfisher
1263:White-throated kingfisher
1107:Rufous-bellied kookaburra
988:
873:Downloaded on 1 May 2019.
509:Vieillot, L.J.P. (1818).
185:
178:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1917:Biak paradise kingfisher
1842:Yellow-billed kingfisher
1436:White-mantled kingfisher
1335:Blue-breasted kingfisher
1134:Shovel-billed kookaburra
942:Ecology of Java and Bali
478:: e.T22683252A92980601.
327:The Javan kingfisher is
323:Distribution and habitat
309:tjie-rie-rie-rie-rie-rie
216:), sometimes called the
2282:Birds described in 1818
1803:Green-backed kingfisher
1779:Spotted wood kingfisher
1701:White-rumped kingfisher
1506:Rusty-capped kingfisher
1347:Brown-hooded kingfisher
1287:Black-capped kingfisher
1212:Great-billed kingfisher
1200:Stork-billed kingfisher
1188:Brown-winged kingfisher
817:10.13057/biodiv/d180327
682:Hoogerwerf, A. (1970).
623:10.13057/biodiv/d170206
218:blue-bellied kingfisher
1728:Hook-billed kingfisher
1476:Flat-billed kingfisher
1446:Ultramarine kingfisher
1275:Grey-headed kingfisher
1083:Blue-winged kookaburra
1755:Moustached kingfisher
1646:Chattering kingfisher
1536:Melanesian kingfisher
1466:Red-backed kingfisher
1396:Winchell's kingfisher
1386:Blue-black kingfisher
889:Hoogerwerf, A. 1950.
256:William John Swainson
245:Louis Pierre Vieillot
2239:Halcyon-cyanoventris
2060:Halcyon_cyanoventris
2046:Halcyon cyanoventris
2016:Halcyon cyanoventris
1791:Hombron's kingfisher
1666:Mangareva kingfisher
1656:Marquesan kingfisher
1566:Torresian kingfisher
464:Halcyon cyanoventris
213:Halcyon cyanoventris
189:Halcyon cyanoventris
171:H. cyanoventris
1854:Mountain kingfisher
1516:Collared kingfisher
1480:(T. recurvirostris)
1323:Mangrove kingfisher
1311:Woodland kingfisher
1095:Spangled kookaburra
1071:Laughing kookaburra
865:Rosyadi, I., 2012.
252:Alcedo cyanoventris
40:Conservation status
1626:Society kingfisher
1556:Mariana kingfisher
1526:Pacific kingfisher
1500:(T. reichenbachii)
1496:Pohnpei kingfisher
1456:Vanuatu kingfisher
1359:Striped kingfisher
588:. Barcelona: Lynx.
278:Halcyon smyrnensis
258:created the genus
247:, who gave it the
2249:
2248:
2221:Open Tree of Life
2008:Taxon identifiers
1999:
1998:
1640:(T. ruficollaris)
1636:Mewing kingfisher
1616:Sacred kingfisher
1586:Talaud kingfisher
1576:Sombre kingfisher
1490:(T. cinnamominus)
1426:Forest kingfisher
1416:Lazuli kingfisher
1390:(T. nigrocyaneus)
1044:Banded kingfisher
843:Wisuda, A. 2019.
734:179(012041), 1–6.
204:
203:
63:
24:Javan kingfisher
2294:
2242:
2241:
2229:
2228:
2216:
2215:
2203:
2202:
2190:
2189:
2177:
2176:
2164:
2163:
2151:
2150:
2138:
2137:
2125:
2124:
2112:
2111:
2099:
2098:
2089:
2088:
2076:
2075:
2073:E4948338E4E80C3B
2063:
2062:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2003:
1985:
1973:
1961:
1949:
1937:
1925:
1913:
1901:
1889:
1862:
1850:
1823:
1811:
1799:
1787:
1775:
1763:
1760:A. bougainvillei
1736:
1709:
1682:
1672:
1662:
1652:
1642:
1632:
1622:
1612:
1610:(T. australasia)
1602:
1596:Beach kingfisher
1592:
1582:
1572:
1562:
1552:
1546:Islet kingfisher
1542:
1532:
1522:
1512:
1502:
1492:
1482:
1472:
1470:(T. pyrrhopygia)
1462:
1452:
1450:(T. leucopygius)
1442:
1440:(T. albonotatus)
1432:
1422:
1412:
1402:
1392:
1367:
1355:
1343:
1331:
1319:
1307:
1299:Javan kingfisher
1295:
1283:
1271:
1259:
1247:
1239:Ruddy kingfisher
1220:
1217:P. melanorhyncha
1208:
1196:
1169:
1161:Lilac kingfisher
1142:
1115:
1103:
1091:
1079:
1052:
982:Tree kingfishers
975:
968:
961:
952:
945:
938:
932:
931:13(6), e0198369.
925:
916:
909:
894:
887:
874:
863:
848:
841:
822:
821:
819:
810:(3): 1077–1083.
801:
792:
783:
776:
763:
762:
746:
735:
728:
717:
710:
699:
698:
688:
679:
658:
651:
628:
627:
625:
607:
598:
589:
582:
535:
534:
524:
518:
517:
506:
497:
496:
494:
492:
487:
457:
390:H. cyanoventris’
313:chee-ree-ree-ree
305:H. cyanoventris’
208:Javan kingfisher
191:
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2267:Halcyon (genus)
2252:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2237:
2232:
2224:
2219:
2211:
2208:Observation.org
2206:
2198:
2193:
2185:
2180:
2172:
2167:
2159:
2154:
2146:
2141:
2133:
2128:
2120:
2115:
2107:
2102:
2094:
2092:
2084:
2079:
2071:
2066:
2058:
2053:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2010:
2000:
1995:
1988:
1979:
1967:
1955:
1943:
1931:
1919:
1907:
1895:
1883:
1865:
1856:
1844:
1826:
1817:
1805:
1793:
1781:
1769:
1757:
1739:
1730:
1712:
1703:
1685:
1678:
1676:Niau kingfisher
1668:
1660:(T. godeffroyi)
1658:
1648:
1638:
1628:
1618:
1608:
1600:(T. saurophaga)
1598:
1588:
1578:
1568:
1558:
1548:
1538:
1528:
1518:
1510:(T. pelewensis)
1508:
1498:
1488:
1486:Guam kingfisher
1478:
1468:
1458:
1448:
1438:
1428:
1418:
1408:
1398:
1388:
1370:
1361:
1349:
1337:
1328:H. senegaloides
1325:
1316:H. senegalensis
1313:
1304:H. cyanoventris
1301:
1289:
1280:H. leucocephala
1277:
1265:
1253:
1241:
1223:
1214:
1202:
1190:
1172:
1163:
1145:
1136:
1118:
1109:
1097:
1085:
1076:D. novaeguineae
1073:
1055:
1046:
1028:
984:
979:
949:
948:
939:
935:
926:
919:
910:
897:
888:
877:
864:
851:
842:
825:
799:
794:
793:
786:
777:
766:
748:
747:
738:
729:
720:
711:
702:
697:(4–5): 447–500.
686:
681:
680:
661:
652:
631:
605:
600:
599:
592:
583:
538:
526:
525:
521:
508:
507:
500:
490:
488:
459:
458:
443:
438:
429:
414:near threatened
406:
398:
378:H. cyanoventris
372:
347:
338:
325:
289:
274:H. cyanoventris
249:scientific name
238:
222:Java kingfisher
200:
193:
187:
174:
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
2300:
2298:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2254:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2230:
2217:
2204:
2191:
2178:
2165:
2152:
2139:
2126:
2113:
2100:
2090:
2077:
2064:
2051:
2036:
2020:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2006:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1974:
1962:
1950:
1938:
1926:
1914:
1902:
1890:
1886:T. hydrocharis
1877:
1875:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1859:S. megarhyncha
1851:
1838:
1836:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1812:
1800:
1788:
1776:
1764:
1751:
1749:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1733:M. macrorrhina
1724:
1722:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1697:
1695:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1680:(T. gertrudae)
1673:
1663:
1653:
1643:
1633:
1630:(T. veneratus)
1623:
1613:
1603:
1593:
1583:
1573:
1563:
1560:(T. albicilla)
1553:
1543:
1540:(T. tristrami)
1533:
1523:
1513:
1503:
1493:
1483:
1473:
1463:
1460:(T. farquhari)
1453:
1443:
1433:
1430:(T. macleayii)
1423:
1413:
1403:
1400:(T. winchelli)
1393:
1382:
1380:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1356:
1352:H. albiventris
1344:
1332:
1320:
1308:
1296:
1284:
1272:
1260:
1248:
1235:
1233:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1209:
1197:
1193:P. amauroptera
1184:
1182:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1157:
1155:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1130:
1128:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1104:
1092:
1080:
1067:
1065:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1040:
1038:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
989:
986:
985:
980:
978:
977:
970:
963:
955:
947:
946:
933:
917:
895:
875:
849:
823:
784:
764:
736:
718:
700:
659:
629:
616:(2): 435–446.
590:
536:
519:
498:
440:
439:
437:
434:
428:
425:
405:
402:
397:
394:
371:
368:
346:
343:
337:
334:
324:
321:
288:
285:
237:
234:
202:
201:
194:
183:
182:
176:
175:
168:
166:
162:
161:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
66:
65:
47:
44:
43:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2299:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2272:Birds of Java
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2004:
1991:
1983:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1860:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1821:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1734:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1707:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1670:(T. gambieri)
1667:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1580:(T. funebris)
1577:
1574:
1571:
1570:(T. sordidus)
1567:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1365:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1268:H. smyrnensis
1264:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1218:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1167:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1140:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1113:
1112:D. gaudichaud
1108:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1013:
1012:Coraciiformes
1009:
1007:
1003:
1001:
997:
995:
991:
990:
987:
983:
976:
971:
969:
964:
962:
957:
956:
953:
943:
937:
934:
930:
924:
922:
918:
914:
913:Biosaintifika
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
896:
892:
886:
884:
882:
880:
876:
872:
869:Kaki Merapi.
868:
867:Cekakak Jawa.
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
850:
846:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
824:
818:
813:
809:
805:
804:Biodiversitas
798:
791:
789:
785:
781:
775:
773:
771:
769:
765:
760:
756:
752:
745:
743:
741:
737:
733:
727:
725:
723:
719:
715:
709:
707:
705:
701:
696:
692:
685:
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
664:
660:
656:
650:
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
636:
634:
630:
624:
619:
615:
611:
610:Biodiversitas
604:
597:
595:
591:
587:
581:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
569:
567:
565:
563:
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
537:
532:
531:
523:
520:
515:
512:
505:
503:
499:
486:
481:
477:
473:
472:
467:
465:
456:
454:
452:
450:
448:
446:
442:
435:
433:
426:
424:
421:
417:
415:
411:
410:least concern
403:
401:
395:
393:
391:
386:
382:
379:
375:
369:
367:
363:
361:
356:
351:
344:
342:
335:
333:
330:
322:
320:
318:
317:cheree-cheree
314:
310:
307:call include
306:
302:
297:
295:
286:
284:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
262:
257:
253:
250:
246:
243:
242:ornithologist
235:
233:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
214:
209:
198:
192:
190:
184:
181:
180:Binomial name
177:
173:
172:
167:
164:
163:
160:
159:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
127:Coraciiformes
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
55:Least Concern
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2015:
1982:T. nigriceps
1981:
1969:
1957:
1945:
1934:T. carolinae
1933:
1921:
1909:
1897:
1885:
1870:
1858:
1846:
1831:
1819:
1807:
1795:
1783:
1772:A. concretus
1771:
1759:
1744:
1732:
1717:
1705:
1690:
1679:
1669:
1659:
1649:
1639:
1629:
1620:(T. sanctus)
1619:
1609:
1599:
1589:
1579:
1569:
1559:
1550:(T. colonus)
1549:
1539:
1529:
1520:(T. chloris)
1519:
1509:
1499:
1489:
1479:
1469:
1459:
1449:
1439:
1429:
1419:
1409:
1399:
1389:
1375:
1364:H. chelicuti
1363:
1351:
1340:H. malimbica
1339:
1327:
1315:
1303:
1298:
1291:
1279:
1267:
1255:
1244:H. coromanda
1243:
1228:
1216:
1204:
1192:
1177:
1165:
1150:
1138:
1123:
1111:
1099:
1087:
1075:
1060:
1049:L. pulchella
1048:
1033:
941:
936:
928:
915:7(1), 37–47.
912:
890:
866:
844:
807:
803:
779:
758:
754:
731:
713:
694:
690:
654:
613:
609:
585:
529:
522:
514:
510:
489:. Retrieved
475:
469:
463:
430:
422:
418:
407:
399:
389:
387:
383:
377:
376:
373:
364:
359:
354:
352:
348:
339:
326:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
298:
293:
290:
282:
277:
273:
269:
265:
259:
251:
239:
230:
221:
217:
212:
211:
207:
205:
188:
186:
170:
169:
157:
18:
2143:iNaturalist
2040:Wikispecies
1922:T. riedelii
1872:Tanysiptera
1847:S. torotoro
1820:A. princeps
1808:A. monachus
1796:A. hombroni
1784:A. lindsayi
1706:C. fulgidus
1590:(T. enigma)
1420:(T. lazuli)
1377:Todiramphus
1205:P. capensis
1179:Pelargopsis
1166:C. cyanotis
1024:Halcyoninae
1022:Subfamily:
1018:Alcedinidae
782:2, 184–191.
761:(1): 64–72.
491:12 November
388:Much about
385:one month.
353:Like other
287:Description
254:. In 1821,
226:Halcyoninae
147:Halcyoninae
143:Subfamily:
137:Alcedinidae
2256:Categories
2234:Xeno-canto
1910:T. ellioti
1898:T. galatea
1746:Actenoides
1530:(T. sacer)
1410:(T. diops)
1292:H. pileata
1088:D. leachii
436:References
360:Dytiscides
1970:T. sylvia
1946:T. nympha
1692:Caridonax
1650:(T. tuta)
1125:Clytoceyx
992:Kingdom:
336:Behaviour
165:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
2187:22683252
2161:10597457
2086:22683252
2081:BirdLife
2025:Wikidata
1958:T. danae
1719:Melidora
1256:H. badia
1016:Family:
1000:Chordata
998:Phylum:
994:Animalia
929:PLOS ONE
716:, 50–55.
396:Moulting
370:Breeding
236:Taxonomy
197:Vieillot
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
2226:3596372
2200:2231449
2135:5228327
2122:javkin1
2096:javkin1
2068:Avibase
1230:Halcyon
1152:Cittura
1100:D. tyro
1010:Order:
1004:Class:
355:Halcyon
345:Feeding
329:endemic
294:Halcyon
270:Halcyon
266:Halcyon
261:Halcyon
199:, 1818)
158:Halcyon
153:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
2174:554587
2031:Q31965
1139:C. rex
1062:Dacelo
1035:Lacedo
404:Status
2213:71104
2156:IRMNG
2117:eBird
2109:6KXRG
2093:BOW:
800:(PDF)
687:(PDF)
606:(PDF)
315:, or
2195:NCBI
2182:IUCN
2169:ITIS
2148:2352
2130:GBIF
1833:Syma
1006:Aves
493:2021
476:2016
206:The
117:Aves
2104:CoL
2055:ADW
812:doi
618:doi
480:doi
220:or
2258::
2236::
2223::
2210::
2197::
2184::
2171::
2158::
2145::
2132::
2119::
2106::
2083::
2070::
2057::
2042::
2027::
920:^
898:^
878:^
852:^
826:^
808:18
806:.
802:.
787:^
767:^
759:31
757:.
753:.
739:^
721:^
703:^
695:23
693:.
689:.
662:^
632:^
614:17
612:.
608:.
593:^
539:^
501:^
474:.
468:.
444:^
319:.
311:,
1984:)
1980:(
1972:)
1968:(
1960:)
1956:(
1948:)
1944:(
1936:)
1932:(
1924:)
1920:(
1912:)
1908:(
1900:)
1896:(
1888:)
1884:(
1861:)
1857:(
1849:)
1845:(
1822:)
1818:(
1810:)
1806:(
1798:)
1794:(
1786:)
1782:(
1774:)
1770:(
1762:)
1758:(
1735:)
1731:(
1708:)
1704:(
1366:)
1362:(
1354:)
1350:(
1342:)
1338:(
1330:)
1326:(
1318:)
1314:(
1306:)
1302:(
1294:)
1290:(
1282:)
1278:(
1270:)
1266:(
1258:)
1254:(
1246:)
1242:(
1219:)
1215:(
1207:)
1203:(
1195:)
1191:(
1168:)
1164:(
1141:)
1137:(
1114:)
1110:(
1102:)
1098:(
1090:)
1086:(
1078:)
1074:(
1051:)
1047:(
974:e
967:t
960:v
820:.
814::
626:.
620::
495:.
482::
466:"
462:"
210:(
195:(
62:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
