215:
climate change, as the future evolution of greenhouse gas concentrations can only be realistically simulated if the interactions between the biosphere and biogeochemical cycles are well understood, so that they can be taken into account in models simulating the behaviour of the "Earth" system. The last interglacial period of 120,000 years, often taken as an analogue of a significantly warmer climate than today, reflects major changes in global ocean temperature and circulation that have contributed to destabilizing the West
Antarctic ice cap.
158:
role that the ocean can play in disrupting climate, as outlined in a book written for the general public entitled "When the ocean gets angry ". He is also the co-author of "Gros temps sur la planète ", "Paléoclimatologie : Tome 1, and Tome 2 "Paléoclimatologie : Tome 2, Emboiter les pièces du puzzle : comprendre et modéliser un système complexe ".
198:. This effort led the French teams to initiate, with their American and European colleagues, the International Joint Global Ocean Flux Study program to quantify carbon fluxes in the ocean and the role of plankton-produced particulate matter transfer in supplying the deep ocean environment with carbon, food and energy.
157:
of the
Atlantic Ocean during the last glacial maximum with sufficient accuracy for major modelling groups to use this data to simulate global ocean circulation using general ocean circulation models. These results have provided the basis for understanding ocean circulation in glacial climates and the
227:
His mission was to coordinate the activities of some twenty scientists from the international community with the objective of showing how the study of ancient climates makes it possible to better understand the mechanisms that could come into play in a world whose climate is disrupted by greenhouse
193:
While developing this research and a group of marine paleoclimatology, he has endeavoured to bring to light in France the study of biogeochemical cycles within the surface envelopes of our planet. With the support of the CNRS, he launched the program to study the flow of matter in the ocean. This
152:
The deep waters of the world ocean are formed by convection and diving of dense surface waters during winter periods. To understand the causes of changes in deep ocean circulation, it was necessary to develop a method to reconstruct not only the temperature (which was already known), but also the
121:
Duplessy led numerous oceanographic campaigns and showed that variations in the isotopic composition of fossil foraminifera present in the sediments of the various oceans made it possible to reconstruct changes in the isotopic composition of the ocean and ocean circulation on a large scale, which
214:
reconstructions over geological time. These studies have thus made it possible to highlight phenomena as unexpected as the great variability of the carbon cycle in relation to changes in vegetation. These themes will become increasingly important in the coming years in the study of human-induced
205:
and living things. At the request of COFUSI (Comité français des unions scientifiques internationales), Duplessy chaired the French scientific committee of the
International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. He federated research on the physical, chemical and biological mechanisms that govern the
71:
in
Chicago. The analysis of stable isotopes and natural radioactive elements makes it possible to approach the study of major biogeochemical cycles in an original way and to reconstruct changes in the Earth's climate and environment by applying current principles.
185:
to date marine sediments. With his collaborators, he was able to provide the first evidence of a ten-degree change in seawater temperature in times compatible with human life. These results were confirmed and further refined by the study of drilling in
701:
46:(Ulm), a physics graduate, is a geochemist. His work has contributed to a better understanding of how the ocean has functioned over the recent history of the Earth. He is a recognized pioneer in rebuilding ocean dynamics through the use of
114:, then by ocean circulation and finally, to a lesser extent, by gas exchanges between the ocean and the atmosphere. All these phenomena, which dominate the carbon cycle in the ocean, are now being taken into account to study the fate of
638:
194:
programme would bring together the actions of biologists, chemists and geochemists by highlighting the fundamental role of the coupling between biology and geochemistry, which led to the now recognized notion of
54:
shell oxygen in marine sediments. He was one of the first to see the importance of a high quality chronology for a reliable interpretation of measurements related to climate variations in the Earth's past.
79:
and air temperature at the time they were formed. He obtained the first reconstructions of air temperatures and climatic conditions in the south of France for the last millennia and for the previous
153:
salinity of surface waters in the past. Duplessy has developed a method based on fractionations that affect stable oxygen isotopes during the water cycle. This has allowed him to reconstruct the
307:
Duplessy J.C.,,et al., « Carbon-13 records of benthic foraminifera in the last interglacial ocean: implications for the carbon cycle and the global deep water circulation »,
224:
Jean-Claude
Duplessy was one of the lead authors of the "paleoclimatology" chapter of the report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which was published in 2007.
516:
Jean-Claude
Duplessy et Gilles Ramstein, Paléoclimatologie : Tome 2, Emboiter les pièces du puzzle : comprendre et modéliser un système complexe, Paris, 2 décembre 2013
102:. His doctoral thesis work has focused on the geochemistry of stable carbon isotopes in the sea. He showed how the distribution of the stable heavy carbon isotope,
564:
Bard E., et al., « Retreat velocity of the North
Atlantic Polar front during the last deglaciation determined by means of 14C accelerator mass spectrometry »,
706:
206:
evolution of our environment. This research program initiated the study of the variability of the coupled geosphere-biosphere system, giving high priority to
27:
472:
341:
Labeyrie L.D., et al., « Changes in the oceanic 13C/12C ratio during the last 140,000 years : high latitude surface water records »,
126:. This has grown to the point where there is now an international journal devoted to this discipline, of which he was one of the first associate editors.
375:
Duplessy J.C., La géochimie des isotopes stables du carbone dans la mer, Université de Paris VI, Thèse de doctorat ès
Sciences Physiques, 21 juin 1972
294:
201:
By the late 1980s, it had become clear that understanding living conditions on the Earth's surface required studying the couplings between the
547:
Duplessy J.C., et al., « Direct dating of the oxygen-isotope record of the last deglaciation by14C accelerator mass spectrometry »,
530:
499:
401:
Labeyrie L.D., et al., « Variations in the mode of formation and temperature of oceanic deep waters over the last 125,000 years »,
485:
Jean-Claude
Duplessy et Gilles ramstein, Paléoclimatologie : Tome 1, Trouver, dater et interpréter les indices, Paris, 2 décembre 2013
141:
deep water disappears under glacial conditions, accompanied by a general slowdown in large-scale ocean circulation, the intensity of the
324:
Duplessy J.C., et al., « Response of global deep-water circulation to earth's climatic change 135,000-107,000 years ago. »,
161:
Chronology plays an essential role in understanding the evolution of climates and the links with astronomical theory initiated by Dr.
384:
Duplessy J.C., et al., « Differential isotopic fractionation in benthic foraminifera and paleotemperatures reassessed »,
63:
He began his research just as the foundations of isotopic geochemistry were beginning to be well established through the work of
418:
Duplessy J. C. et a, « Surface salinity reconstruction of the North
Atlantic Ocean during the last glacial maximum »,
696:
75:
Jean-Claude Duplessy initially focused on the concretions of the caves and demonstrated that they were good recorders of the
43:
228:
gas and dust emissions. He was co-recipient, with his IPCC colleagues, of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize in this capacity.
31:
666:
244:
358:
Duplessy J.C., Let al., « Continental climatic variations between 130,000 and 90,000 years B.P »,
231:
He has been a member of the French Academy of Sciences since 2011 in the "Sciences of the Universe" section.
711:
582:
thejointglobaloceanfluxstudy.4.1b8ae20512db692f2a680009040.html « »The joint global ocean flux study
527:
Paléoclimatologie : Emboiter les pièces du puzzle : comprendre et modéliser un système complexe
445:
435:
Duplessy J. C., Quand l'océan se fâche, Histoire naturelle du climat, Paris, Editions Odile Jacob, 1996
162:
691:
686:
129:
He established the first reconstructions of the deep ocean circulation during the height of the last
134:
80:
581:
47:
462:
Duplessy Jean-Claude, Morel Pierre, Gros temps sur la planète, Paris, éditions Odile Jacob, 1990
94:
Duplessy turned to the ocean because of its role as a climate regulator and its major impact on
178:
277:
207:
174:
123:
190:
ice. Today, rapid climatic variations are recognized as a major feature of climate change.
606:
Duplessy, J.C., et al., « The deep ocean during the last interglacial period »,
195:
95:
68:
652:
166:
146:
138:
115:
680:
111:
211:
99:
51:
23:
137:. This has led him to highlight a disruption in the functioning of the ocean: the
234:
He is a member of the European Academy of Sciences, Academia europaea since 1989
170:
142:
107:
76:
64:
624:
88:
202:
187:
182:
103:
154:
702:
Research directors of the French National Centre for Scientific Research
259:
Grand Prix Dolomieu of BRGM awarded by the Academy of Sciences in 2004.
130:
534:
503:
181:
laboratory, one of the objectives of which is the fine measurement of
145:
and the heat flux transported by the Atlantic Ocean to the coasts of
84:
593:
237:
Winner of the Aimé Berthé Prize of the Academy of Sciences (1987)
87:
due to the development of new dating methods and the study of
250:
Dr Honoris Causa from the University of Kiel, Germany (2003).
496:
Paléoclimatologie. Trouver, dater, interpréter les indices
106:, was governed by biological fractionations related to
256:
Prestwich Prize of the French Geological Society 2004.
253:Grand Prix Louis D of the Institut de France 2004.
343:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
83:Recently, this type of study has been resumed in
42:Jean-Claude Duplessy, a former student of the
26:. He is Director of Research Emeritus at the
8:
247:of the Catholic University of Louvain (1997)
625:"Co-récipiendaire du Prix Nobel de la Paix"
177:. Duplessy launched the first accelerator
278:"Directeur de recherche émérite au CNRS"
269:
240:Milankovitch Medal of the EGS (1995).
7:
639:"Prix Nobel de la Paix pour le GIEC"
289:
287:
14:
446:"Quand l'Océan se fache-Babello"
707:École Normale Supérieure alumni
122:opened a new scientific field,
91:seems open to a great future.
1:
667:"Médaille Milutin Milankovic"
118:emitted by human activities.
22:, born in 1942, is a French
473:"Gros temps sur la planète"
728:
32:French Academy of Sciences
98:cycles, particularly the
169:in Louvain-La-Neuve and
44:Ecole Normale Supérieure
295:"Académie des sciences"
245:Georges Lemaître Prize
697:French climatologists
309:Quaternary Research
212:palaeo-environmental
133:and during the last
30:and a member of the
20:Jean-Claude Duplessy
653:"Academia europaea"
135:interglacial period
81:interglacial period
219:Honours and awards
124:paleo-oceanography
77:hydrological cycle
420:Oceanologica Acta
179:mass spectrometry
165:and developed by
16:French geochemist
719:
671:
670:
663:
657:
656:
649:
643:
642:
635:
629:
628:
621:
615:
613:
604:
598:
597:
590:
584:
579:
573:
571:
562:
556:
554:
545:
539:
538:
523:
517:
514:
508:
507:
492:
486:
483:
477:
476:
469:
463:
460:
454:
453:
442:
436:
433:
427:
425:
416:
410:
408:
399:
393:
391:
382:
376:
373:
367:
365:
356:
350:
348:
339:
333:
331:
322:
316:
314:
305:
299:
298:
291:
282:
281:
274:
175:Brown University
110:assimilation by
727:
726:
722:
721:
720:
718:
717:
716:
677:
676:
675:
674:
665:
664:
660:
651:
650:
646:
637:
636:
632:
623:
622:
618:
611:
605:
601:
592:
591:
587:
580:
576:
569:
563:
559:
552:
546:
542:
525:
524:
520:
515:
511:
494:
493:
489:
484:
480:
471:
470:
466:
461:
457:
444:
443:
439:
434:
430:
423:
417:
413:
406:
400:
396:
389:
383:
379:
374:
370:
363:
357:
353:
346:
340:
336:
329:
323:
319:
312:
306:
302:
293:
292:
285:
276:
275:
271:
266:
221:
196:biogeochemistry
69:Cesare Emiliani
61:
59:Scientific work
48:carbon isotopes
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
725:
723:
715:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
679:
678:
673:
672:
658:
644:
630:
616:
599:
585:
574:
557:
540:
518:
509:
487:
478:
464:
455:
437:
428:
411:
394:
377:
368:
351:
334:
317:
300:
283:
268:
267:
265:
262:
261:
260:
257:
254:
251:
248:
243:Winner of the
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
225:
220:
217:
208:palaeoclimatic
147:Western Europe
139:North Atlantic
116:carbon dioxide
96:biogeochemical
60:
57:
52:foraminiferous
39:
36:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
724:
713:
712:Living people
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
684:
682:
668:
662:
659:
654:
648:
645:
640:
634:
631:
626:
620:
617:
610:, 2007, 316,
609:
603:
600:
595:
589:
586:
583:
578:
575:
568:, 1987, 328,
567:
561:
558:
551:, 1986, 320,
550:
544:
541:
536:
532:
528:
522:
519:
513:
510:
505:
501:
497:
491:
488:
482:
479:
474:
468:
465:
459:
456:
451:
447:
441:
438:
432:
429:
421:
415:
412:
405:, 1987, 327,
404:
398:
395:
388:, 1970, 168,
387:
381:
378:
372:
369:
362:, 1970, 226,
361:
355:
352:
344:
338:
335:
328:, 1985, 316,
327:
321:
318:
310:
304:
301:
296:
290:
288:
284:
279:
273:
270:
263:
258:
255:
252:
249:
246:
242:
239:
236:
233:
230:
226:
223:
222:
218:
216:
213:
209:
204:
199:
197:
191:
189:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
159:
156:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
127:
125:
119:
117:
113:
112:phytoplankton
109:
105:
101:
97:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
73:
70:
66:
58:
56:
53:
49:
45:
37:
35:
33:
29:
25:
21:
661:
647:
633:
619:
607:
602:
588:
577:
565:
560:
548:
543:
526:
521:
512:
495:
490:
481:
467:
458:
449:
440:
431:
422:, 1991, 14,
419:
414:
402:
397:
385:
380:
371:
359:
354:
345:, 1985, 50,
342:
337:
325:
320:
311:, 1984, 21,
308:
303:
272:
200:
192:
167:André Berger
163:Milankovitch
160:
151:
128:
120:
100:carbon cycle
93:
74:
62:
41:
19:
18:
692:Geochemists
687:1942 births
450:babelio.com
171:John Imbrie
143:Gulf Stream
108:chlorophyll
89:stalagmites
65:Harold Urey
681:Categories
535:275980741X
504:2759807401
264:References
24:geochemist
203:geosphere
188:Greenland
183:carbon-14
104:carbon-13
38:Biography
594:"COFUSI"
155:salinity
608:Science
572:791-794
555:350-352
426:311-324
409:477-482
392:250-251
386:Science
366:631-633
349:217-240
332:500-507
315:225-243
131:ice age
566:Nature
549:Nature
533:
502:
403:Nature
360:Nature
326:Nature
85:Europe
614:89-91
531:ASIN
500:ASIN
210:and
67:and
50:and
28:CNRS
173:at
683::
612:p.
570:p.
553:p.
529:.
498:.
448:.
424:p.
407:p.
390:p.
364:p.
347:p.
330:p.
313:p.
286:^
149:.
34:.
669:.
655:.
641:.
627:.
596:.
537:.
506:.
475:.
452:.
297:.
280:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.