151:
1520:
continued to garner positive feedback in 18th-century
England, but they were not so warmly welcomed in France at this time. However, during the French Restoration of the 19th century, Molière's comedies became popular with both the French public and the critics. Romanticists admired his plays for the unconventional individualism they portrayed. 20th-century scholars have carried on this interest in Molière and his plays and have continued to study a wide array of issues relating to this playwright. Many critics now are shifting their attention from the philosophical, religious and moral implications in his comedies to the study of his comic technique.
1171:
623:
1441:
1504:
965:
347:
43:
696:
3193:
3799:
1039:), subsequently regarded as a masterpiece. It poked fun at the limited education that was given to daughters of rich families and reflected Molière's own marriage. Both this work and his marriage attracted much criticism. The play sparked the protest called the "Quarrel of L'École des femmes". On the artistic side he responded with two lesser-known works:
677:" ("valet of the King's chamber and keeper of carpets and upholstery"). His son assumed the same posts in 1641. The title required only three months' work and an initial cost of 1,200 livres; the title paid 300 livres a year and provided a number of lucrative contracts. Molière also studied as a provincial lawyer some time around 1642, probably in
941:) seems to be a tribute both to Commedia dell'arte and to his teacher. Its theme of marital relationships dramatizes Molière's pessimistic views on the falsity inherent in human relationships. This view is also evident in his later works and was a source of inspiration for many later authors, including (with different effect), 20th century
1201:), a satire against the official sciences. This was a success despite a moral treatise by the Prince of Conti, criticizing the theatre in general and Molière in particular. In several of his plays, Molière depicted the physicians of his day as pompous individuals who speak (poor) Latin to impress others with false erudition, and know only
717:), for which they owed 2000 livres. Historians differ as to whether his father or the lover of a member of his troupe paid his debts; either way, after a 24-hour stint in prison he returned to the acting circuit. It was at this time that he began to use the pseudonym Molière, possibly inspired by a small village of the same name in the
3174:
3787:
1569:
has been accused of not having a consistent, organic style, of using faulty grammar, of mixing his metaphors, and of using unnecessary words for the purpose of filling out his lines. All these things are occasionally true, but they are trifles in comparison to the wealth of character he portrayed, to
1190:
was produced. It is now widely regarded as Molière's most refined masterpiece, the one with the highest moral content, but it was little appreciated at the time. It caused the "conversion" of
Donneau de Visé, who became fond of his theatre. But it was a commercial flop, forcing Molière to immediately
1145:
and rendered in a prose that still seems modern today. It describes the story of an atheist who becomes a religious hypocrite and, for this, is punished by God. This work too was quickly suspended. The king, demonstrating his protection once again, became the new official sponsor of Molière's troupe.
648:
family. Upon seeing him for the first time, a maid exclaimed, "Le nez!", a reference to the infant's large nose. Molière was called "Le Nez" by his family from that time. He lost his mother when he was 10, and he does not seem to have been particularly close to his father. After his mother's death,
1519:
Though conventional thinkers, religious leaders and medical professionals in Molière's time criticised his work, their ideas did not really diminish his widespread success with the public. Other playwrights and companies began to emulate his dramatic style in
England and in France. Molière's works
1456:
Molière suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis, possibly contracted when he was imprisoned for debt as a young man. The circumstances of Molière's death, on 17 February 1673, became legend. He collapsed on stage in a fit of coughing and haemorrhaging while performing in the last play he had written,
1383:
developed accidentally when Molière was enlisted to mount both a play and a ballet in the honor of Louis XIV and found that he did not have a big enough cast to meet these demands. Molière therefore decided to combine the ballet and the play so that his goal could be met while the performers catch
920:
of contemporary
Italian troupes, were successful as part of Madeleine Béjart and Molière's plans to win aristocratic patronage and, ultimately, move the troupe to a position in a Paris theater-venue. Later Molière concentrated on writing musical comedies, in which the drama is interrupted by songs
903:
Despite his own preference for tragedy, which he had tried to further with the
Illustre Théâtre, Molière became famous for his farces, which were generally in one act and performed after the tragedy. Some of these farces were only partly written, and were played in the style of Commedia dell'arte
1126:
was also performed at
Versailles, in 1664, and created the greatest scandal of Molière's artistic career. Its depiction of the hypocrisy of the dominant classes was taken as an outrage and violently contested. It also aroused the wrath of the Jansenists and the play was banned.
1570:
his brilliancy of wit, and to the resourcefulness of his technique. He was wary of sensibility or pathos; but in place of pathos he had "melancholy — a puissant and searching melancholy, which strangely sustains his inexhaustible mirth and his triumphant gaiety".
150:
643:
Molière was born in Paris shortly before his christening as Jean
Poquelin on 15 January 1622. Known as Jean-Baptiste, he was the first son of Jean Poquelin and Marie Cressé, who had married on 27 April 1621. His mother was the daughter of a prosperous
1130:
Molière was always careful not to attack the institution of monarchy. He earned a position as one of the king's favourites and enjoyed his protection from the attacks of the court. The king allegedly suggested that Molière suspend performances of
815:
Molière was forced to reach Paris in stages, staying outside for a few weeks in order to promote himself with society gentlemen and allow his reputation to feed in to Paris. Molière reached Paris in 1658 and performed in front of the King at the
712:
The theatre troupe went bankrupt in 1645. Molière had become head of the troupe, due in part, perhaps, to his acting prowess and his legal training. However, the troupe had acquired large debts, mostly for the rent of the theatre (a court for
976:. After a period of refurbishment they opened there on 20 January 1661. In order to please his patron, Monsieur, who was so enthralled with entertainment and art that he was soon excluded from state affairs, Molière wrote and played
1483:
of a cemetery. However, Molière's widow, Armande, asked the King if her spouse could be granted a normal funeral at night. The King agreed and Molière's body was buried in the part of the cemetery reserved for unbaptised infants.
887:, a group created by Richelieu under a royal patent to establish the rules of the fledgling French theatre. The Académie preached unity of time, action, and styles of verse. Molière is often associated with the claim that comedy
1674:, forced to impersonate a doctor, the chancer Sganarelle examines a young woman who is faking muteness in order to delay an arranged marriage. He then delivers to her father a "diagnosis" which consists of strings of gibberish,
609:
was withdrawn and never restaged by Molière. His hard work in so many theatrical capacities took its toll on his health and, by 1667, he was forced to take a break from the stage. In 1673, during a production of his final play,
725:. It was likely that he changed his name to spare his father the shame of having an actor in the family (actors, although no longer vilified by the state under Louis XIV, were still not allowed to be buried in sacred ground).
1349:
in France (and taken most of the best available singers for his own performances), so Molière had to go back to his traditional genre. It was a great success, and it led to his last work, which is still held in high esteem.
1078:" and irreverence, which were causing some embarrassment. These people accused Molière of having married his daughter. The Prince of Conti, once Molière's friend, joined them. Molière had other enemies, too, among them the
1475:
because two priests refused to visit him while a third arrived too late. The superstition that green brings bad luck to actors is said to originate from the colour of the clothing he was wearing at the time of his death.
681:, but it is not documented that he ever qualified. So far he had followed his father's plans, which had served him well; he had mingled with nobility at the Collège de Clermont and seemed destined for a career in office.
732:; this life was to last about twelve years, during which he initially played in the company of Charles Dufresne, and subsequently created a company of his own, which had sufficient success and obtained the patronage of
614:, Molière, who suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis, was seized by a coughing fit and a haemorrhage while playing the hypochondriac Argan; he finished the performance but collapsed again and died a few hours later.
1689:
arranges to be tutored in good manners and culture, and is delighted to learn that, because every statement that is not poetry is prose, he therefore has been speaking prose for 40 years without knowing it
2988:
1412:
demanded that both the dancers and the actors play an important role in advancing the story. Similar to the court ballets, both professionally trained dancers and courtiers socialized together at the
1527:
in 1714, but the first complete version in
English, by Baker and Miller in 1739, remained "influential" and was long reprinted. The first to offer full translations of Molière's verse plays such as
1261:' work of the same name and Jean Rotrou's successful reconfiguration of the drama. With some conjecture, Molière's play can be seen to allude to the love affairs of Louis XIV, then king of France.
1471:). Molière insisted on completing his performance. Afterwards he collapsed again with another, larger haemorrhage before being taken home, where he died a few hours later, without receiving the
921:
and/or dances, but for years the fundamentals of numerous comedy-traditions would remain strong, especially
Italian (e.g. the semi-improvisatory style that in the 1750s writers started calling
1047:
by showing them at dinner after watching the play; it addresses all the criticism raised about the piece by presenting the critics' arguments and then dismissing them. This was the so-called
1302:), another of his masterpieces. It is claimed to be particularly directed against Colbert, the minister who had condemned his old patron Fouquet. The collaboration with Lully ended with a
949:. It describes a kind of round dance where two couples believe that each of their partners has been betrayed by the other's and is the first in Molière's "Jealousy series", which includes
1844:
from
November 11, 2023 to February 18, 2024, is a retelling of the life of Molière using a blend of historical costuming with contemporary artistic styles in staging and musical genres.
1408:
closely integrated dance with music and the action of the play and the style of continuity distinctly separated these performances from the court ballets of the time; additionally, the
3839:
1562:, and that Olivier then responded "Molière? Funny as a baby's open grave." Cronyn comments on the incident: "You may imagine how that made me feel. Fortunately, he was dead wrong."
3660:
1709:("You wanted it, George Dandin") to address himself when his rich wife cheats on him. Now the phrase is used to reproach someone ironically, something like "You did it yourself".
931:
won Molière the attention and the criticism of many, but it was not a popular success. He then asked Fiorillo to teach him the techniques of Commedia dell'arte. His 1660 play
973:
556:
1167:). Subtitles on this occasion reported that the work was given "par ordre du Roi" (by order of the king) and this work was received much more warmly than its predecessors.
875:
was the first of Molière's many attempts to satirize certain societal mannerisms and affectations then common in France. It is widely accepted that the plot was based on
520:), Molière was well suited to begin a life in the theatre. Thirteen years as an itinerant actor helped him polish his comedic abilities while he began writing, combining
1665:) is frequently used to imply that someone else is calling for something to be hidden or ignored out of their own hypocrisy, disingenuousness, censoriousness, etc.
1082:
and some traditional authors. However, the king expressed support for the Moliere, granting him a pension and agreeing to be the godfather of Molière's first son.
657:, an affluent area of Paris. It is likely that his education commenced with studies at a Parisian elementary school, followed by his enrollment in the prestigious
3884:
2375:
3864:
1345:) of 1672 is considered another of Molière's masterpieces. It was born from the termination of the legal use of music in theatre, since Lully had patented the
684:
In June 1643, when Molière was 21, he decided to abandon his social class and pursue a career on the stage. Taking leave of his father, he joined the actress
1694:). The more modern phrase "je parle de la prose sans le savoir" is used by a person who realizes that he was more skilled or better aligned than he thought.
972:
In 1660, the Petit-Bourbon was demolished to make way for the eastern expansion of the Louvre, but Molière's company was allowed to move into the abandoned
2364:
Hartnoll, p. 554. "Author of some of the finest comedies in the history of the theater", and Roy, p. 756. "...one of the theatre's greatest comic artists".
3899:
3726:
3718:
513:
more often than those of any other playwright today. His influence is such that the French language is often referred to as the "language of Molière".
3844:
3653:
3869:
2565:
and his theatrical accomplishments in this and other early plays, see e.g. Stephen C. Bold, “‘Ce Noeud Subtil’: Molière’s Invention of Comedy from
1323:
In 1672, Madeleine Béjart died, and Molière suffered from this loss and from the worsening of his own illness. Nevertheless, he wrote a successful
3859:
1579:
Molière is considered the creator of modern French comedy. Many words or phrases introduced in Molière's plays are still used in current French:
925:), Spanish, and French plays, all also drawing on classical models (e.g. Plautus and Terence), especially the trope of the clever slave/servant.
3909:
3904:
1649:, act 3, scene 2, Tartuffe insists that Dorine take a handkerchief to cover up her bosom, saying, "Cover that bosom which I ought not to see" (
3619:
2745:
2717:
2692:
2667:
2479:
2318:
2276:
891:
or "criticises customs through humour" (a phrase in fact coined by his contemporary Jean de Santeuil and sometimes mistaken for a classical
3646:
3293:
3699:
3879:
3849:
3532:
1535:, who produced blank verse versions of three of the plays in his 1908 translation. Since then, notable translations have been made by
3324:
1874:
738:
705:
3874:
3763:
3401:
3143:
3128:
3113:
3098:
3083:
3068:
3053:
3038:
2936:
2867:
2626:
2421:
1702:
1397:
1263:
126:
1400:. Molière also collaborated with Jean-Baptiste Lully. Lully was a dancer, choreographer, and composer, whose dominant reign at the
1170:
3834:
1248:
986:, 4 February 1661), a heroic comedy derived from a work of Cicognini. Two other comedies of the same year were the successful
2853:
2606:
2537:
2309:
64:
2926:
840:
799:
733:
528:
107:
3894:
2891:
2818:
3777:
3217:
79:
3394:
1083:
1043:, in which he imagined the spectators of his previous work attending it. The piece mocks the people who had criticised
2859:
1558:
criticized Molière. According to Cronyn, he mentioned to Olivier that he (Cronyn) was about to play the title role in
3674:
3387:
3331:
2087:
1907:
1773:
1670:
1193:
865:
766:, who became his patron, and named his company after him. This friendship later ended when Armand, having contracted
60:
31:
86:
2339:
2292:
1396:. who codified the five balletic positions of the feet and arms and was partly responsible for the creation of the
1372:
53:
3854:
2296:
1836:
1724:
1488:
1445:
592:
1178:
1070:
However, more serious opposition was brewing, focusing on Molière's politics and his personal life. A so-called
584:
Despite the adulation of the court and Parisians, Molière's satires attracted criticism from other circles. For
3422:
3415:
3224:
2191:
2169:
2152:
1624:
1458:
1325:
1294:
3286:
1963:
884:
664:, where he completed his studies in a strict academic environment and got a first taste of life on the stage.
231:
93:
3211:
555:
near the Louvre, a spacious room appointed for theatrical performances. Later, he was granted the use of the
3889:
3345:
2966:
2122:
1938:
1678:
and recursive explanations which conclude with an authoritative "and so that is why your daughter is mute" (
1636:) The phrase "to go into that galley" is used to describe unnecessary difficulties a person has sought, and
1253:
992:
759:
567:
517:
510:
1404:
lasted 15 years. Under his command, ballet and opera rightly became professional arts unto themselves. The
622:
3525:
3497:
3489:
1803:
1752:
1233:
661:
3478:
3201:
747:
689:
75:
3450:
3338:
2222:
1917:
1025:, whom he believed to be the sister of Madeleine. (She may have been her illegitimate daughter with the
1015:
982:
937:
892:
807:
studies), but Molière would not perform it, though he encouraged Racine to pursue his artistic career.
3373:
2903:
2830:
2065:
1155:
922:
848:
755:
521:
1384:
their breath and change costume. The risky move paid off and Molière was asked to produce twelve more
3829:
3824:
3745:
3610:
3571:
3563:
3483:
3352:
3317:
1854:
1463:
1114:
1035:
1018:
to demand the arrest of Fouquet for wasting public money, and he was condemned to life imprisonment.
786:
729:
700:
573:
509:, and more. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed at the
291:
1831:, written in the style of Molière, includes the character Elomire as an anagrammatic parody of him.
1177:
invites Molière to share his supper—an unfounded Romantic anecdote, illustrated in 1863 painting by
843:). With the help of Monsieur, his company was allowed to share the theatre in the large hall of the
3819:
3467:
3443:
3279:
2211:
1897:
1795:
1761:
1508:
1492:
1449:
1421:
1363:
1353:
In his 14 years in Paris, Molière single-handedly wrote 31 of the 85 plays performed on his stage.
1150:
1094:
754:; with these two plays, Molière moved away from the heavy influence of the Italian improvisational
685:
654:
628:
561:
321:
284:
3638:
2453:
3436:
2899:
2826:
1532:
1487:
In 1792, his remains were brought to the museum of French monuments, and in 1817, transferred to
1341:
998:
968:
First volume of a 1739 translation into English of all of Molière's plays, printed by John Watts.
2761:
1440:
1056:
728:
After his imprisonment, he and Madeleine began a theatrical circuit of the provinces with a new
489:), was a French playwright, actor, and poet, widely regarded as one of the great writers in the
2960:
2334:
3598:
3518:
3472:
3169:
3139:
3124:
3109:
3094:
3079:
3064:
3049:
3034:
2932:
2863:
2741:
2713:
2688:
2663:
2622:
2602:
2533:
2475:
2417:
2411:
2314:
2272:
1827:
1757:
1698:
1317:
1060:
1022:
1010:(a comedy for the King's amusements) because it was performed during a series of parties that
876:
859:. (The two companies performed in the theatre on different nights.) The premiere of Molière's
506:
311:
183:
3791:
3429:
3178:
2180:
1969:
1841:
1816:
1740:
1555:
1512:
1393:
1376:
1313:
1308:
1075:
946:
852:
790:
658:
633:
540:
430:
424:
380:
2989:
Molière l'opéra urbain, the extraordinary musical comedy about Molière at the Dôme de Paris
3691:
3380:
3205:
3160:
1812:
1719:
1540:
1503:
1142:
1011:
718:
637:
490:
485:
374:
363:
277:
100:
3001:
1791:
1375:
and the art of professional theatre which was developing in the advent of the use of the
581:("The King's Troupe"). Molière continued as the official author of court entertainments.
2447:
1692:
Par ma foi, il y a plus de quarante ans que je dis de la prose, sans que j’en susse rien
3803:
2076:
1589:
is a hypocrite, especially a hypocrite displaying affected morality or religious piety.
1536:
1401:
1186:
1026:
156:
1628:, Act II, scene 7, Géronte is asked for ransom money for his son, allegedly held in a
964:
17:
3813:
3510:
2344:
2264:
2244:
2130:
1765:
1064:
844:
722:
552:
2552:
Martin Barnham. "The Cambridge Guide to Theater." Cambridge Univ. Pr., 1995, p. 472.
3626:
1822:
1808:
1782:
714:
516:
Born into a prosperous family and having studied at the Collège de Clermont (now
3579:
3263:
3255:
3247:
2787:
2639:
The Information Master: Jean-Baptiste Colbert's Secret State Intelligence System
2304:
2300:
1551:
942:
856:
794:
502:
367:; 15 January 1622 (baptised) – 17 February 1673), known by his stage name
42:
346:
3165:
2803:
2791:
2141:
1524:
1472:
905:
695:
678:
668:
559:. In both locations, Molière found success among Parisians with plays such as
257:
2583:
46/1 (1992): 13-25; and Philip A. Wadsworth, "Scappino & Mascarille," in
1329:("Scapin's Deceits"), a farce and a comedy in five acts. His following play,
770:
from a courtesan, turned toward religion and joined Molière's enemies in the
3408:
3156:
1675:
1600:
1277:
1174:
1079:
908:(a vague plot outline). He began to write full, five-act comedies in verse (
763:
758:, and displayed his talent for mockery. In the course of his travels he met
645:
600:
596:
532:
298:
789:, known as Marquise, joined the company. Marquise was courted, in vain, by
692:
with 630 livres. They were later joined by Madeleine's brother and sister.
3228:
1371:. These ballets were a transitional form of dance performance between the
3546:
3366:
3359:
3187:
2045:
2034:
1645:
1594:
1585:
1236:
and the archbishop banned the play. The King finally imposed respect for
1206:
1137:
1121:
1074:
arose in French high society, who protested against Molière's excessive "
836:
804:
767:
605:
586:
270:
1632:. He repeats, "What the deuce did he want to go into that galley for?" (
577:. This royal favour brought a royal pension to his troupe and the title
1729:
1258:
494:
3798:
1682:). The phrase is used wholesale to mock an unsatisfactory explanation.
1629:
1425:
817:
536:
3183:
1240:
a few years later, after he had gained more power over the clergy.
3235:
1502:
1480:
1439:
1346:
1202:
917:
825:
694:
621:
544:
498:
179:
30:
This article is about the French playwright. For other uses, see
782:
3642:
3514:
3275:
1764:
presents his complete biography. It was in competition for the
535:—Molière procured a command performance before the King at the
1086:
also supported him through statements that he included in his
736:. Few plays survive from this period. The most noteworthy are
667:
In 1631, his father Jean Poquelin purchased from the court of
472:
448:
398:
36:
3198:
1743:
wrote a semi-fictitious biography-tribute to Molière, titled
1416:- Louis XIV even played the part of an Egyptian in Molière's
1141:
to replace it. It was a strange work, derived from a work by
3093:. Baltimore: Patricia M. Ranum. "Molière", pp. 141–49.
1728:, in which he is seen taking inspiration from the musketeer
1479:
Under French law at the time, actors were not allowed to be
803:(one of the early works he wrote after he had abandoned his
2601:(London: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017), esp. 73 and 134;
2436:
Gaines 2002, p. 383 (birthdate); Scott 2000, p. 14 (names).
1705:(1668), Act I, scene 7, the main character uses the phrase
466:
460:
436:
410:
395:
3271:
3241:
3119:
Roy, Donald (1995). "Molière", pp. 756–757, in
2991:". Sortiraparis.com. Retrieved Tuesday, December 12, 2023.
389:
2376:"France looks to the law to save the language of Molière"
1896:(1658), the first play performed by Molière's troupe for
1014:
gave in honor of the sovereign. These entertainments led
688:, with whom he had crossed paths before, and founded the
445:
3244:
a database of over 34,000 performances from 1680 to 1791
1807:
was more loosely based on the life of Molière, starring
1747:. It was written in 1932–1933 and first published 1962.
1055:), in which the opposite side was taken by writers like
3123:, edited by Martin Banham. Cambridge University Press.
2410:
Banham, Martin; Brandon, James R. (21 September 1995).
1107:
Comédie galante mêlée de musique et d'entrées de ballet
869:) took place at the Petit-Bourbon on 18 November 1659.
2855:
Encyclopedia of Literary Translation Into English: M-Z
2587:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962), 1-7.
2494:
Marie Cressé died on 11 May 1632 (Gaines 2002, p. xi).
1523:
Molière's works were translated into English prose by
3775:
454:
2532:(in French). Lyon: La Manufacture. pp. 520–21.
1271:) was little appreciated, but success returned with
820:(then for rent as a theatre) in Corneille's tragedy
463:
439:
413:
392:
3755:
3737:
3710:
3683:
3609:
3590:
3555:
3460:
3309:
3238:
Publication, Statistics, Words Research (in French)
3078:(fourth edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2515:
The Jesuits; a history from Ignatius to the present
1640:("galley") means a difficult and chaotic situation.
1457:which had lavish ballets performed to the music of
469:
457:
442:
433:
407:
404:
386:
383:
339:
327:
317:
307:
263:
253:
245:
237:
227:
219:
211:
203:
189:
171:
141:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3225:"Biography, Bibliography, Analysis, Plot overview"
916:(Béziers, 1656)), which although immersed in the
2740:. London: Thames & Hudson LTD. p. 24.
2712:. London: Thames & Hudson LTD. p. 25.
2687:. London: Thames & Hudson LTD. p. 26.
2662:. London: Thames & Hudson LTD. p. 23.
1840:, directed by Bruno Berberes and staged at the
1567:
831:with some success. He was awarded the title of
527:Through the patronage of aristocrats including
493:and world literature. His extant works include
3840:17th-century French dramatists and playwrights
674:valet de chambre ordinaire et tapissier du Roi
524:elements with the more refined French comedy.
3654:
3526:
3287:
2987:De Sortiraparis, Julie (November 17, 2023). "
2731:
2729:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2599:Plautus and the English Renaissance of Comedy
2313:(18th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1798:, as well as his illness and on-stage death.
1634:Que diable allait-il faire dans cette galère?
1232:. As soon as the King left Paris for a tour,
1008:Comédie faite pour les divertissements du Roi
8:
2896:French Classics for English Readers: Molière
2823:French Classics for English Readers: Molière
2641:(Ann Arbor: Univ. of MI Press, 2009), 43-52.
2619:Molière and the Italian Theatrical Tradition
2575:88/1(1997): 67-85; David Maskell, Moliere's
974:theatre in the east wing of the Palais-Royal
2452:. Philadelphia: Lea and Blanchard. p.
2082:The Misanthrope, or, the Cantankerous Lover
1933:Don Garcia of Navarre or the Jealous Prince
1615:is used as a model of implacable rigidity (
839:being the honorific for the king's brother
3661:
3647:
3639:
3533:
3519:
3511:
3294:
3280:
3272:
3227:(in French). biblioweb.org. Archived from
3063:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
3046:The White Death: A History of Tuberculosis
3031:Voyage de Molière en Languedoc (1647–1657)
551:, Molière was granted the use of salle du
138:
3264:Free Online 2012 American Translation of
3256:Free Online 2011 American Translation of
3248:Free Online 2010 American Translation of
3091:Portraits around Marc-Antoine Charpentier
3048:. New York University Press, p. 10.
2458:lives of the most eminent french writers.
1929:Dom Garcie de Navarre ou Le Prince jaloux
1661:and often with some other item replacing
1604:, is an obsessively greedy and cheap man.
1565:Author Martha Bellinger points out that:
1333:, is considered one of his lesser works.
978:Dom Garcie de Navarre ou Le Prince jaloux
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
2738:Ballet and Modern Dance - Second Edition
2710:Ballet and Modern Dance - Second Edition
2685:Ballet and Modern Dance - Second Edition
2660:Ballet and Modern Dance - Second Edition
2449:Lives of the Most Eminent French Writers
2310:Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary
2077:Le Misanthrope ou L'Atrabilaire amoureux
1680:Et voilà pourquoi votre fille est muette
1169:
963:
3782:
2396:
2394:
2256:
1771:He is portrayed among other writers in
1554:writes that, in 1962, celebrated actor
27:French playwright and actor (1622–1673)
1651:Couvrez ce sein que je ne saurais voir
1220:, he tried again to perform a revised
3885:17th-century deaths from tuberculosis
3033:. Montpellier: Presses du Languedoc.
2517:. London: Sheed and Ward. p. 30.
2446:Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft (1840).
2136:George Dandin, or the Abashed Husband
1021:On 20 February 1662, Molière married
797:. Racine offered Molière his tragedy
599:, which was followed by a ban by the
484:
362:
7:
3339:Sganarelle, or The Imaginary Cuckold
1924:Sganarelle, or the Imaginary Cuckold
1598:, named after the main character of
1284:With Lully, he again used music for
1224:in 1667, this time with the name of
65:adding citations to reliable sources
3108:, Charlottesville: Rookwood Press.
3076:The Oxford Companion to the Theatre
2959:Bellinger, Martha Fletcher (1927).
2890:Molière; Matthews, Brander (1908).
2817:Molière; Matthews, Brander (1908).
2585:Molière and the Comedy of Intellect
1880:The Blunderer, or, the Counterplots
1750:The French 1978 film simply titled
1617:raide comme la statue du Commandeur
1247:was written for festivities at the
1097:influenced him towards writing his
1041:La Critique de "L'École des femmes"
649:he lived with his father above the
3620:Hidalgo: La historia jamás contada
3074:Hartnoll, Phyllis, editor (1983).
2374:Randall, Colin (24 October 2004).
2147:The Miser, or, the School for Lies
1264:George Dandin, ou Le mari confondu
595:denounced this study of religious
25:
3900:17th-century pseudonymous writers
3865:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
3764:Bring a Torch, Jeanette, Isabella
3402:George Dandin ou le Mari confondu
3059:Gaines, James F., editor (2002).
2931:. New York: Morrow. p. 275.
2621:(Birmingham AL: Summa, 1987), 7;
2131:George Dandin ou Le Mari confondu
2117:The Sicilian, or Love the Painter
1989:La Critique de l'école des femmes
1790:), in which Molière is played by
1428:in his retirement performance of
1398:Beauchamp-Feuillet dance notation
933:Sganarelle, ou Le Cocu imaginaire
267:
3845:17th-century French male writers
3797:
3785:
3191:
2977:– via Theatredatabase.com.
2378:– via www.telegraph.co.uk.
2269:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
1993:Critique of the School for Wives
1967:(26 December 1662; adapted into
1919:Sganarelle ou Le Cocu imaginaire
1794:, shows his collaborations with
1461:and which ironically was titled
1361:In 1661, Molière introduced the
1312:, written in collaboration with
883:of 1656. He primarily mocks the
429:
379:
345:
149:
41:
3870:17th-century French male actors
3250:Dom Juan ou le Festin de pierre
3242:The Comédie Française Registers
2051:Don Juan, or, The Stone Banquet
2046:Dom Juan ou Le Festin de pierre
1249:castle of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
1138:Dom Juan ou le Festin de Pierre
1135:, and the author rapidly wrote
1029:.) The same year, he premiered
539:. Performing a classic play by
52:needs additional citations for
3727:The Doctor in Spite of Himself
3719:The Doctor in Spite of Himself
3208:at toutmoliere.net (in French)
3157:Works by Molière in eBook form
3138:. Cambridge University Press.
3121:The Cambridge Guide to Theatre
2416:. Cambridge University Press.
2413:The Cambridge Guide to Theatre
2142:L'Avare ou L'École du mensonge
2113:Le Sicilien ou L'Amour peintre
2093:The Doctor in Spite of Himself
1718:Molière plays a small part in
1251:, and was followed in 1668 by
1245:Le Sicilien ou L'Amour peintre
1243:Molière, now ill, wrote less.
855:, famous for the character of
793:and later became the lover of
1:
3910:Tuberculosis deaths in France
3905:17th-century theatre managers
2898:. Vol. 1. Translated by
2825:. Vol. 1. Translated by
2569:to ‘'Les Fourberies de Scapin
2474:. USA: Pearson. p. 199.
1869:The Jealousy of le Barbouillé
1732:for his central character in
1607:The statue of the Commander (
1388:before his death. During the
160:
3325:L'Étourdi ou les Contretemps
3006:The Encyclopaedia Britannica
2962:A Short History of the Drama
2892:"Preface to the Translation"
2762:"Molière - French dramatist"
2579:: Signs of Things to Come",
1875:L'Étourdi ou les Contretemps
1707:Tu l'as voulu, George Dandin
1491:in Paris, close to those of
1420:(1664) and also appeared as
1392:, Molière collaborated with
776:Compagnie de Saint Sacrement
739:L'Étourdi ou les Contretemps
706:L'Étourdi ou les Contretemps
3860:Lycée Louis-le-Grand alumni
3190:(public domain audiobooks)
3089:Ranum, Patricia M. (2004).
2860:Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers
2206:The Countess of Escarbagnas
1653:). This phrase (often with
1575:Influence on French culture
1481:buried in the sacred ground
1209:as (ineffective) remedies.
841:Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
734:Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
557:theatre in the Palais-Royal
529:Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
333:Marie Madeleine (1665–1723)
3926:
3136:Molière, A Theatrical Life
2513:O'Malley, John W. (2014).
2340:Collins English Dictionary
2053:(subtitle also translated
2040:Tartuffe, or, the Impostor
2018:(27 April 1664; now lost)—
1982:(15 April 1663; now lost)—
1452:'s is visible just beyond.
1373:court ballets of Louis XIV
1300:The Middle Class Gentleman
1199:The Doctor Despite Himself
1093:Molière's friendship with
904:with improvisation over a
29:
3880:17th-century male writers
3850:17th-century French poets
3175:Works by or about Molière
3044:Dormandy, Thomas (2000).
2928:A Terrible Liar: A Memoir
2902:. New York & London:
2829:. New York & London:
2786:Pavlovski, Linda (2001).
2271:(3rd ed.). Longman.
2202:La Comtesse d'Escarbagnas
2059:The Feast with the Statue
1998:L'Impromptu de Versailles
1984:The Jealousy of Gros-René
1913:The Affected Young Ladies
1865:La Jalousie du barbouillé
1725:The Vicomte of Bragelonne
1331:La Comtesse d'Escarbagnas
866:The Affected Young Ladies
593:Catholic Church in France
364:[ʒɑ̃batistpɔklɛ̃]
344:
148:
3875:French male stage actors
3423:Le Bourgeois gentilhomme
3416:Monsieur de Pourceaugnac
3332:Les Précieuses ridicules
3266:Les Fourberies de Scapin
3134:Scott, Virginia (2000).
3061:The Molière Encyclopedia
3029:Alberge, Claude (1988).
2967:Henry Holt & Company
2766:Encyclopaedia Britannica
2470:Brockett, Oscar (2008).
2197:The Impostures of Scapin
2192:Les Fourberies de Scapin
2170:Le Bourgeois gentilhomme
2153:Monsieur de Pourceaugnac
2016:Gros-René, petit enfant
2002:The Versailles Impromptu
1980:La Jalousie du Gros-René
1908:Les Précieuses ridicules
1774:The Blasphemers' Banquet
1734:Le Bourgeois gentilhomme
1687:Le Bourgeois gentilhomme
1625:Les Fourberies de Scapin
1515:and Rue Molière in Paris
1459:Marc-Antoine Charpentier
1326:Les Fourberies de Scapin
1295:Le Bourgeois gentilhomme
1286:Monsieur de Pourceaugnac
1281:), now very well known.
929:Les précieuses ridicules
873:Les Précieuses Ridicules
861:Les Précieuses Ridicules
703:for the printed text of
199:Paris, Kingdom of France
32:Molière (disambiguation)
3346:The School for Husbands
3002:"The Imaginary Invalid"
2858:. Vol. 2. London:
2788:"Molière: Introduction"
2175:The Bourgeois Gentleman
2035:Tartuffe ou L'Imposteur
1944:The School for Husbands
1837:Molière, l'Opéra Urbain
1531:into English verse was
993:The School for Husbands
760:Armand, Prince of Conti
568:The School for Husbands
155:Portrait of Molière by
3835:Male actors from Paris
3236:Moliere's Verses Plays
3218:Molière's works online
3212:Molière's works online
3199:Molière's works online
2852:Classe, Olive (2000).
2528:Simon, Alfred (1987).
2472:History of the Theatre
2164:The Magnificent Lovers
2160:Les Amants magnifiques
2020:Gros-René, Small Child
1745:Life of Mr. de Molière
1572:
1516:
1507:Molière statue on the
1499:Reception of his works
1489:Père Lachaise Cemetery
1453:
1446:Père Lachaise Cemetery
1444:Molière's tomb at the
1430:Les Amants magnifiques
1290:Les Amants magnifiques
1269:The Confounded Husband
1181:
1109:), written for royal "
969:
889:castigat ridendo mores
709:
640:
356:Jean-Baptiste Poquelin
177:before 15 January 1622
175:Jean-Baptiste Poquelin
18:Jean-Baptiste Poquelin
3700:Le médecin malgré lui
3675:Le Médecin malgré lui
3451:The Imaginary Invalid
3388:Le Médecin malgré lui
3258:Le Médecin malgré lui
3220:at InLibroVeritas.net
3106:Molière and Modernity
3104:Riggs, Larry (2005).
2925:Cronyn, Hume (1991).
2228:The Imaginary Invalid
2088:Le Médecin malgré lui
1801:The 2007 French film
1714:Portrayals of Molière
1685:Monsieur Jourdain in
1671:Le médecin malgré lui
1506:
1469:The Imaginary Invalid
1443:
1194:Le médecin malgré lui
1173:
1016:Jean-Baptiste Colbert
967:
951:Dom Garcie de Navarre
938:The Imaginary Cuckold
800:Théagène et Chariclée
698:
626:Molière as Caesar in
625:
612:The Imaginary Invalid
360:French pronunciation:
232:University of Orléans
3895:Man in the Iron Mask
3611:Story within a story
3353:The School for Wives
2223:Le Malade imaginaire
2069:(15 September 1665)—
2029:The Princess of Elid
2025:La Princesse d'Élide
1975:The School for Wives
1609:statue du Commandeur
1464:Le Malade imaginaire
1367:in conjunction with
1357:Les Comédies-Ballets
1153:, Molière presented
1115:Palace of Versailles
1103:La Princesse d'Élide
1036:The School for Wives
881:Le Cercle des Femmes
787:Mademoiselle Du Parc
752:(The Doctor in Love)
574:The School for Wives
518:Lycée Louis-le-Grand
292:The School for Wives
61:improve this article
3444:Les Femmes Savantes
3214:at site-Molière.com
2900:Page, Curtis Hidden
2827:Page, Curtis Hidden
2597:Richard F. Hardin,
2226:(10 February 1673)—
2212:Les Femmes savantes
2145:(9 September 1668)—
2115:(14 February 1667)—
2049:(15 February 1665)—
2011:The Forced Marriage
1911:(18 November 1659)—
1894:Le Docteur amoureux
1887:(16 December 1656)—
1848:List of major works
1796:Jean-Baptiste Lully
1768:at Cannes in 1978.
1657:"hide," instead of
1543:, and many others.
1337:Les Femmes savantes
1257:, inspired both by
1095:Jean-Baptiste Lully
829:Le Docteur Amoureux
748:Le Docteur Amoureux
699:Illustration after
662:Collège de Clermont
651:Pavillon des Singes
629:The Death of Pompey
562:The Affected Ladies
3437:Scapin the Schemer
3204:2020-09-06 at the
2904:G.P. Putnam's Sons
2831:G.P. Putnam's Sons
2736:Au, Susan (2002).
2708:Au, Susan (2002).
2683:Au, Susan (2002).
2658:Au, Susan (2002).
2617:Philip Wadsworth,
2573:The Romanic Review
2503:Scott 2000, p. 16.
2217:The Learned Ladies
2204:(2 December 1671)—
2184:(17 January 1671)—
2173:(14 October 1670)—
2162:(4 February 1670)—
2071:Love Is the Doctor
2009:(29 January 1664)—
2000:(14 October 1663)—
1964:L'École des femmes
1931:(4 February 1661)—
1902:The Doctor in Love
1533:Curtis Hidden Page
1517:
1454:
1342:The Learned Ladies
1304:tragédie et ballet
1292:, and finally for
1182:
1045:L'École des femmes
1031:L'École des femmes
983:The Jealous Prince
970:
959:L'École des femmes
923:commedia dell'arte
885:Académie Française
849:Commedia dell'arte
833:Troupe de Monsieur
762:, the governor of
756:Commedia dell'arte
710:
641:
549:The Doctor in Love
522:Commedia dell'arte
335:Pierre (1672–1672)
285:The Learned Ladies
3773:
3772:
3746:Le Médecin volant
3636:
3635:
3508:
3507:
3484:Troupe of Molière
3318:Le Médecin volant
3170:Project Gutenberg
2969:. pp. 178–81
2747:978-0-500-20352-1
2719:978-0-500-20352-1
2694:978-0-500-20352-1
2669:978-0-500-20352-1
2481:978-0-205-51186-0
2320:978-0-521-15255-6
2278:978-1-4058-8118-0
2232:The Hypochondriac
2126:(13 January 1668)
2106:(5 January 1667)—
2104:Pastorale comique
2100:(2 December 1666)
1955:(also translated
1951:(17 August 1661)—
1939:L'École des maris
1885:Le Dépit amoureux
1860:The Flying Doctor
1855:Le Médecin volant
1834:The 2023 musical
1758:Ariane Mnouchkine
1318:Philippe Quinault
1218:Pastorale comique
988:L'École des maris
955:L'École des maris
914:Le dépit amoureux
912:(Lyon, 1654) and
877:Samuel Chappuzeau
847:with the Italian
511:Comédie-Française
353:
352:
331:Louis (1664–1664)
254:Literary movement
215:Playwright, actor
184:Kingdom of France
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
3917:
3855:French satirists
3802:
3801:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3781:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3640:
3535:
3528:
3521:
3512:
3479:Illustre Théâtre
3468:Madeleine Béjart
3296:
3289:
3282:
3273:
3232:
3195:
3194:
3184:Works by Molière
3179:Internet Archive
3166:Works by Molière
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
2998:
2992:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2733:
2724:
2723:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2655:
2642:
2635:
2629:
2615:
2609:
2595:
2589:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2530:Molière, une vie
2525:
2519:
2518:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2407:
2401:
2400:Roy, p. 756–757.
2398:
2389:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2261:
2215:(11 March 1672)—
2156:(6 October 1669)
2091:(6 August 1666)—
2007:Le Mariage forcé
1970:The Amorous Flea
1817:Ludivine Sagnier
1762:Philippe Caubère
1741:Mikhail Bulgakov
1556:Laurence Olivier
1513:Rue de Richelieu
1509:Fontaine Molière
1418:Le Mariage forcé
1414:comédies-ballets
1410:comédies-ballets
1406:comédies-ballets
1394:Pierre Beauchamp
1390:comédies-ballets
1386:comédies-ballets
1381:comédies-ballets
1377:proscenium stage
1364:comédies-ballets
1314:Pierre Corneille
1179:Jean-Léon Gérôme
1124:, ou L'Imposteur
1099:Le Mariage forcé
1072:parti des Dévots
947:Luigi Pirandello
853:Tiberio Fiorillo
791:Pierre Corneille
772:Parti des Dévots
690:Illustre Théâtre
686:Madeleine Béjart
676:
655:rue Saint-Honoré
634:Pierre Corneille
541:Pierre Corneille
531:—the brother of
488:
486:[mɔljɛʁ]
483:
479:
478:
475:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
451:
450:
447:
444:
441:
438:
435:
428:
420:
419:
416:
415:
412:
409:
406:
401:
400:
397:
394:
391:
388:
385:
378:
366:
361:
349:
322:Madeleine Béjart
196:
193:17 February 1673
165:
162:
153:
139:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3796:
3786:
3784:
3776:
3774:
3769:
3751:
3733:
3706:
3692:The Mock Doctor
3679:
3667:
3637:
3632:
3605:
3586:
3551:
3539:
3509:
3504:
3456:
3381:The Misanthrope
3374:L'Amour médecin
3305:
3300:
3223:
3206:Wayback Machine
3192:
3161:Standard Ebooks
3153:
3026:
3021:
3020:
3010:
3008:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2986:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2907:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2862:. p. 958.
2851:
2850:
2846:
2836:
2834:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2797:
2795:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2768:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2748:
2735:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2670:
2657:
2656:
2645:
2636:
2632:
2616:
2612:
2596:
2592:
2560:
2556:
2551:
2547:
2540:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2424:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2349:
2347:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2279:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2241:
2134:(18 July 1668)—
2066:L'Amour médecin
2055:The Stone Guest
1942:(24 June 1661)—
1850:
1813:Fabrice Luchini
1788:The King Dances
1739:Russian writer
1720:Alexandre Dumas
1716:
1577:
1548:A Terrible Liar
1541:Donald M. Frame
1501:
1438:
1359:
1156:L'Amour médecin
1143:Tirso de Molina
1111:divertissements
1057:Donneau de Visé
1012:Nicolas Fouquet
901:
813:
811:Return to Paris
701:Pierre Brissart
672:
638:Nicolas Mignard
620:
507:comédie-ballets
491:French language
481:
453:
432:
423:
422:
403:
382:
373:
372:
359:
334:
332:
278:The Misanthrope
198:
194:
178:
176:
167:
163:
144:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3923:
3921:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3890:Deaths onstage
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3794:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3723:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3696:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3680:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3643:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3623:
3615:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3576:
3568:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3515:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3494:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3473:Armande Béjart
3470:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3261:
3253:
3245:
3239:
3233:
3231:on 2006-01-14.
3221:
3215:
3209:
3196:
3181:
3172:
3163:
3152:
3151:External links
3149:
3148:
3147:
3132:
3117:
3102:
3087:
3072:
3057:
3042:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3018:
2993:
2980:
2951:
2937:
2917:
2882:
2868:
2844:
2819:"Bibliography"
2809:
2778:
2753:
2746:
2725:
2718:
2700:
2693:
2675:
2668:
2643:
2630:
2610:
2590:
2581:French Studies
2554:
2545:
2538:
2520:
2505:
2496:
2487:
2480:
2462:
2438:
2429:
2422:
2402:
2390:
2381:
2366:
2357:
2326:
2319:
2284:
2277:
2265:Wells, John C.
2255:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2219:
2208:
2199:
2195:(24 May 1671)—
2188:
2177:
2166:
2157:
2149:
2138:
2127:
2119:
2110:
2108:Comic Pastoral
2101:
2095:
2084:
2080:(4 June 1666)—
2073:
2062:
2042:
2038:(12 May 1664)—
2031:
2022:
2013:
2004:
1995:
1991:(1 June 1663)—
1986:
1977:
1960:
1946:
1935:
1926:
1922:(28 May 1660)—
1915:
1904:
1891:
1882:
1871:
1862:
1849:
1846:
1780:The 2000 film
1715:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1703:George Dandin"
1699:Comédie-ballet
1695:
1683:
1666:
1641:
1620:
1605:
1590:
1576:
1573:
1546:In his memoir
1537:Richard Wilbur
1500:
1497:
1437:
1434:
1358:
1355:
1187:Le Misanthrope
1149:With music by
1105:(subtitled as
1061:Edmé Boursault
1049:Guerre comique
1027:Duke of Modena
1023:Armande Béjart
900:
899:Height of fame
897:
812:
809:
730:theatre troupe
671:the posts of "
636:, portrait by
619:
616:
351:
350:
342:
341:
337:
336:
329:
325:
324:
319:
315:
314:
312:Armande Béjart
309:
305:
304:
303:
302:
295:
288:
281:
274:
265:
261:
260:
255:
251:
250:
247:
243:
242:
239:
235:
234:
229:
225:
224:
221:
217:
216:
213:
209:
208:
205:
201:
200:
197:(aged 51)
191:
187:
186:
173:
169:
168:
157:Pierre Mignard
154:
146:
145:
142:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3922:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3793:
3783:
3779:
3765:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3677:
3676:
3671:
3664:
3659:
3657:
3652:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3536:
3531:
3529:
3524:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3297:
3292:
3290:
3285:
3283:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3145:
3144:9780192115461
3141:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3129:9780521434379
3126:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3114:9781886365551
3111:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3099:9780966099737
3096:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3084:9780192115461
3081:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3069:9780313312557
3066:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3054:9780814719275
3051:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3039:9782859980474
3036:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2984:
2981:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2955:
2952:
2940:
2938:9780688128449
2934:
2930:
2929:
2921:
2918:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2886:
2883:
2871:
2869:9781884964367
2865:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2848:
2845:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2813:
2810:
2805:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2779:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2749:
2743:
2739:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2715:
2711:
2704:
2701:
2696:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2661:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2627:9780917786709
2624:
2620:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2558:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2541:
2535:
2531:
2524:
2521:
2516:
2509:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2483:
2477:
2473:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2442:
2439:
2433:
2430:
2425:
2423:9780521434379
2419:
2415:
2414:
2406:
2403:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2385:
2382:
2377:
2370:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2346:
2345:HarperCollins
2342:
2341:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2322:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2293:Jones, Daniel
2288:
2285:
2280:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2250:
2246:
2245:Social comedy
2243:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2030:
2027:(8 May 1664)—
2026:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1889:The Love-Tiff
1886:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1842:Dôme de Paris
1839:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1760:and starring
1759:
1755:
1754:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1053:War of Comedy
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1006:), subtitled
1005:
1001:
1000:
995:
994:
989:
985:
984:
979:
975:
966:
962:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
939:
934:
930:
926:
924:
919:
915:
911:
907:
898:
896:
894:
893:Latin proverb
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
868:
867:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
845:Petit-Bourbon
842:
838:
834:
830:
827:
823:
819:
810:
808:
806:
802:
801:
796:
792:
788:
784:
779:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
750:
749:
744:
743:(The Bungler)
741:
740:
735:
731:
726:
724:
720:
716:
708:
707:
702:
697:
693:
691:
687:
682:
680:
675:
670:
665:
663:
660:
656:
652:
647:
639:
635:
631:
630:
624:
617:
615:
613:
608:
607:
602:
598:
594:
591:impiety, the
590:
588:
582:
580:
579:Troupe du Roi
576:
575:
570:
569:
564:
563:
558:
554:
553:Petit-Bourbon
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
525:
523:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
503:tragicomedies
500:
496:
492:
487:
477:
426:
418:
376:
370:
365:
357:
348:
343:
338:
330:
326:
323:
320:
316:
313:
310:
306:
301:
300:
296:
294:
293:
289:
287:
286:
282:
280:
279:
275:
273:
272:
268:
266:
264:Notable works
262:
259:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
233:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
192:
188:
185:
181:
174:
170:
158:
152:
147:
140:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
3744:
3725:
3717:
3703:(1858 opera)
3698:
3690:
3673:
3669:
3627:Le Roi danse
3625:
3618:
3602:(1980 opera)
3597:
3578:
3570:
3562:
3545:
3541:
3496:
3488:
3449:
3442:
3435:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3302:
3265:
3257:
3249:
3229:the original
3135:
3120:
3105:
3090:
3075:
3060:
3045:
3030:
3024:Bibliography
3009:. Retrieved
3005:
2996:
2983:
2973:November 27,
2971:. Retrieved
2965:. New York:
2961:
2954:
2942:. Retrieved
2927:
2920:
2908:. Retrieved
2906:. p. 31
2895:
2885:
2873:. Retrieved
2854:
2847:
2835:. Retrieved
2833:. p. 43
2822:
2812:
2802:– via
2796:. Retrieved
2781:
2771:29 September
2769:. Retrieved
2765:
2756:
2737:
2709:
2703:
2684:
2678:
2659:
2638:
2637:Jacob Soll,
2633:
2618:
2613:
2598:
2593:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2548:
2529:
2523:
2514:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2471:
2465:
2457:
2448:
2441:
2432:
2412:
2405:
2388:Roy, p. 756.
2384:
2369:
2360:
2348:. Retrieved
2338:
2329:
2308:
2305:Esling, John
2301:Setter, Jane
2297:Roach, Peter
2287:
2268:
2259:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2216:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2190:
2185:
2179:
2174:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2092:
2086:
2081:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2039:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1901:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1835:
1833:
1826:
1823:David Hirson
1821:
1809:Romain Duris
1802:
1800:
1792:Tchéky Karyo
1787:
1783:Le Roi Danse
1781:
1779:
1772:
1770:
1756:directed by
1751:
1749:
1744:
1738:
1733:
1723:
1717:
1706:
1691:
1686:
1679:
1669:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1637:
1633:
1623:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1599:
1593:
1584:
1578:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1547:
1545:
1528:
1522:
1518:
1511:, corner of
1486:
1478:
1468:
1462:
1455:
1429:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1368:
1362:
1360:
1352:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1324:
1322:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1252:
1244:
1242:
1237:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1198:
1192:
1185:
1183:
1165:Medical Love
1164:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1120:
1119:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1088:Art poétique
1087:
1071:
1069:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1020:
1007:
1003:
997:
991:
987:
981:
977:
971:
958:
954:
950:
936:
932:
928:
927:
913:
909:
902:
888:
880:
872:
871:
864:
860:
832:
828:
821:
814:
798:
780:
775:
771:
751:
746:
742:
737:
727:
715:jeu de paume
711:
704:
683:
673:
666:
650:
642:
627:
611:
604:
585:
583:
578:
572:
566:
560:
548:
547:of his own,
526:
515:
368:
355:
354:
297:
290:
283:
276:
269:
195:(1673-02-17)
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
3830:1673 deaths
3825:1622 births
3695:(1732 play)
3580:Le tartuffe
3501:(2007 film)
3493:(1978 film)
3011:25 February
2798:28 November
1949:Les Fâcheux
1900:(now lost)—
1552:Hume Cronyn
1493:La Fontaine
1450:La Fontaine
1402:Paris Opéra
1369:Les Fâcheux
1230:L'Imposteur
1161:Love Doctor
999:Les Fâcheux
943:Nobel Prize
857:Scaramouche
851:company of
824:and in the
795:Jean Racine
220:Nationality
164: 1658
3814:Categories
3395:Amphitryon
2944:1 November
2804:Enotes.com
2792:Gale Group
2607:1683931297
2539:273770054X
2251:References
2123:Amphitryon
2061:, &c.)
1766:Palme d'Or
1525:John Ozell
1473:last rites
1254:Amphitryon
1212:After the
1080:Jansenists
1065:Montfleury
906:canovaccio
669:Louis XIII
258:Classicism
212:Occupation
87:newspapers
3792:Biography
3409:The Miser
2577:L'Etourdi
2567:L’Étourdi
2563:L'Étourdi
2335:"Molière"
2098:Mélicerte
1953:The Bores
1898:Louis XIV
1722:'s novel
1676:dog latin
1601:The Miser
1560:The Miser
1278:The Miser
1234:Lamoignon
1214:Mélicerte
1207:bleedings
1184:In 1666,
1175:Louis XIV
1113:" at the
1004:The Bores
910:L'Étourdi
764:Languedoc
646:bourgeois
601:Parlement
597:hypocrisy
533:Louis XIV
340:Signature
299:The Miser
241:1645–1673
228:Education
117:July 2024
76:"Molière"
3599:Tartuffe
3572:Tartuffe
3564:Tartuffe
3547:Tartuffe
3367:Dom Juan
3360:Tartuffe
3202:Archived
3188:LibriVox
2307:(eds.).
2295:(2011).
2267:(2008).
2239:See also
1973:, 1964)—
1825:'s play
1777:(1989).
1659:couvrez,
1646:Tartuffe
1613:Dom Juan
1595:harpagon
1586:tartuffe
1550:, actor
1529:Tartuffe
1432:(1670).
1238:Tartuffe
1226:Panulphe
1222:Tartuffe
1216:and the
1203:clysters
1133:Tartuffe
1122:Tartuffe
837:Monsieur
822:Nicomède
805:theology
774:and the
768:syphilis
723:Le Vigan
606:Dom Juan
603:, while
587:Tartuffe
495:comedies
328:Children
271:Tartuffe
204:Pen name
3820:Molière
3804:Theatre
3778:Portals
3756:Related
3670:Molière
3542:Molière
3498:Molière
3490:Molière
3461:Related
3303:Molière
3177:at the
2910:27 June
2875:27 June
2837:27 June
2350:30 June
1957:The Mad
1878:(1655)—
1867:(1650)—
1858:(1645)—
1828:La Bête
1804:Molière
1753:Molière
1730:Porthos
1697:In the
1655:cachez,
1611:) from
1422:Neptune
1273:L'Avare
1259:Plautus
1084:Boileau
1076:realism
945:winner
679:Orléans
653:on the
482:French:
369:Molière
318:Partner
207:Molière
143:Molière
101:scholar
3738:Source
3730:(1999)
3722:(1931)
3678:(1666)
3583:(1984)
3575:(1965)
3567:(1926)
3550:(1664)
3475:(wife)
3430:Psyché
3142:
3127:
3112:
3097:
3082:
3067:
3052:
3037:
2935:
2866:
2744:
2716:
2691:
2666:
2625:
2605:
2536:
2478:
2420:
2317:
2275:
2186:Psyche
2181:Psyché
1638:galère
1630:galley
1426:Apollo
1379:. The
1309:Psyché
1288:, for
1191:write
1063:, and
996:) and
818:Louvre
659:Jesuit
571:, and
543:and a
537:Louvre
499:farces
308:Spouse
249:Comedy
238:Period
223:French
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
3711:Films
3684:Stage
3591:Stage
3310:Works
2794:, Inc
2571:", "
1436:Death
1347:opera
1151:Lully
826:farce
721:near
545:farce
246:Genre
180:Paris
108:JSTOR
94:books
3556:Film
3140:ISBN
3125:ISBN
3110:ISBN
3095:ISBN
3080:ISBN
3065:ISBN
3050:ISBN
3035:ISBN
3013:2019
2975:2007
2946:2009
2933:ISBN
2912:2010
2877:2010
2864:ISBN
2839:2010
2800:2007
2773:2020
2742:ISBN
2714:ISBN
2689:ISBN
2664:ISBN
2623:ISBN
2603:ISBN
2534:ISBN
2476:ISBN
2418:ISBN
2352:2019
2315:ISBN
2273:ISBN
2230:(or
1815:and
1663:sein
1424:and
1316:and
1205:and
1101:and
957:and
918:gags
783:Lyon
745:and
719:Midi
618:Life
190:Died
172:Born
80:news
3672:'s
3544:'s
3186:at
3168:at
3159:at
2561:On
2454:116
1668:In
1643:In
1622:In
1228:or
1163:or
895:).
879:'s
781:In
632:by
473:ɛər
449:ɛər
399:ɛər
63:by
3816::
3004:.
2894:.
2821:.
2790:.
2764:.
2728:^
2646:^
2456:.
2393:^
2343:.
2337:.
2303:;
2299:;
2057:,
1819:.
1811:,
1736:.
1619:).
1592:A
1583:A
1539:,
1495:.
1448:.
1320:.
1306:,
1117:.
1090:.
1067:.
1059:,
961:.
953:,
785:,
778:.
589:'s
565:,
505:,
501:,
497:,
480:,
461:oʊ
437:oʊ
427::
425:US
421:,
417:-/
411:oʊ
377::
375:UK
182:,
161:c.
3780::
3766:"
3762:"
3662:e
3655:t
3648:v
3534:e
3527:t
3520:v
3295:e
3288:t
3281:v
3146:.
3131:.
3116:.
3101:.
3086:.
3071:.
3056:.
3041:.
3015:.
2948:.
2914:.
2879:.
2841:.
2806:.
2775:.
2750:.
2722:.
2697:.
2672:.
2542:.
2484:.
2426:.
2354:.
2323:.
2281:.
2234:)
1959:)
1786:(
1701:"
1690:(
1467:(
1339:(
1298:(
1275:(
1267:(
1197:(
1159:(
1051:(
1033:(
1002:(
990:(
980:(
935:(
863:(
835:(
476:/
470:ˈ
467:i
464:l
458:m
455:ˌ
452:,
446:j
443:ˈ
440:l
434:m
431:/
414:l
408:m
405:ˈ
402:,
396:i
393:l
390:ɒ
387:m
384:ˈ
381:/
371:(
358:(
166:)
159:(
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
