387:, as a scientist whose "expertise focuses on the area where animals and humans meet", if and how COVID-19 had jumped from animals to humans. She explained that bats do contain viruses similar to COVID-19, but to confirm they were "genetically related", it was necessary to look at the "genetic signatures" in the virus. In 2018 Geoghegan had participated in a research study that used a metagenomics lens to show by examination of the genome sequencing of viruses in fish as the ancestors of all vertebrates, how a virus can spread and evolve through time and space, confirming it exists in nature and not necessarily made by humans. She has noted that the genome of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is closely related to other viruses that are present in nature and that as a new
478:(MBIE) COVID-19 Innovation Acceleration Fund. Her role was to lead an international team of scientists to sequence the genomes of all of New Zealand's positive COVID-19 cases and track how the virus spread across New Zealand. By August 2020, the team was able to show genomic sequencing confirming that the origin of the virus in New Zealand was from overseas, and was mostly spread within the country at social gatherings. When
457:
experience asymptomatic infections. The authors noted that New
Zealand had little surveillance of active viruses in wildlife and suggested a series of steps the country could take to be prepared for incursions. These would include raising awareness when there are unexpected deaths of animals, increasing targeting of known pathogens and maximising the use of the "viral genomics capabilities...established during COVID-19."
375:"evolutionary arms race where they keep changing to try and beat each other", but noted it is difficult to predict how the virus could change as new variants attempt to evade immunity from vaccination or prior infection. She said factors such as "rapidly replicating and infecting cells inside a chronic, immunocompromised person......a recombination of different variants, perhaps in an animal host" could affect this.
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during the elimination phase of the pandemic. Some contemporaries believe she has helped save millions of lives around the world due to people avoiding the virus." Geohegan acknowledged that by receiving the award she was challenging the stigma around women in science, and "planned to use the funds
404:
Geoghegan published an article in the
Australasian Science Journal (2016) that researched the role of biological factors such as the size, structure and mode of transmission of viruses in predicting their risk of being transmissible amongst humans. In the same year she collaborated on research with
565:
In 2021, Geoghegan's work continued and was focused initially on the UK virus variant that had broken out in New
Zealand. She said that the variant did contain a "few mutations that were likely increasing the rate of transmission......the biggest driver of virus spread is a population that doesn't
517:
In
November 2020, when an aircrew member who had arrived in New Zealand from overseas tested positive, Geoghegan reiterated the importance of genome sequencing to establish whether the virus related to local or global infections and the likelihood that transmission of the cases occurred during the
424:...whether a newly discovered animal virus could jump into humans and cause a pandemic." In the article, Geoghagen argued that it is best to identify "fault lines" where animals and people interact. Yong concluded: "The kind of surveillance that Geoghagen, Andersen, and others are calling for...
456:
amongst aquatic birds, with "spillovers to non-avian hosts such as mammals". The article noted that as of 2023 there had been no cases of the variants in New
Zealand, but cautioned the country was vulnerable because of the high number of migratory birds that come each year, some of which may
374:
in New
Zealand. Considering the implications of this, one commentator wrote, "the only determinants of how many people will be sickened, disabled or killed by the virus are its evolutionary leaps and our actions to shape its environment." Geoghegan agreed that the host and the virus are in an
324:
acknowledged
Geoghegan as "one of the people behind New Zealand's incredible efforts to sequence all the strains of the virus we get here." Wiles also recommended that those interested in learning more about genome sequencing should check out research being developed by a team that included
505:
In a podcast
Geoghegan explained how genome sequencing worked and that internationally the data gathered was being shared as a rapid response to COVID-19. Following the second outbreak of the virus in the New Zealand community in August 2020, Geoghegan
251:
by
Professor Hamish Spencer, who said he "chose Geoghegan for the post because of her 'interesting' background." On completion of her PhD in evolutionary biology in 2012, Geoghegan went to New York where she worked with a group at
1772:
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362:, BA.2, Geoghegan noted that "the new mutation is largely found through genome sequencing as only certain types of PCR (nasal swab) tests pick up the subtle differences between Delta and BA.2......people who are fully
1460:
513:...by comparing the virus genomes from these cases to those from both the quarantine facilities and the global population, we can determine their likely origin and how long they have been circulating in the community.
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when it was spread from live animals to humans. Geoghegan concluded, "human interactions with live animals make a host jump more likely to occur, and live animal markets are a massive source of these interactions."
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431:, that the best way to gain knowledge of possible prediction of viruses is to fund surveillance of people, particularly in places where they interact with live animals and identify the "risk zones" Introduced by
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as "an expert in genome sequencing", Geoghegan explained that when a virus jumps from person to person, it creates a new mutation that could be tracked in terms of origin and possible spread in the community.
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Geoghegan received the
Genetics Society of Australia Alan Wilton Award to recognise outstanding contributions to the field of genetics research by Australasian scientists early in their career in 2017.
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Geoghegan. The paper for this research was later published on 11 December 2020. The Guardian acknowledged Geoghegan as "one of the scientists leading work to analyse genomic sequences of the virus."
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187:. Her research has contributed to the discussion about the likely cause of COVID-19 and the challenges around predicting pandemics. She was a recipient of the Young Tall Poppy Award in 2017, a
578:(AIPS). Geoghegan said that she was very passionate about communicating research findings to the wider community and the award was an opportunity for her to become more skilled in this area.
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facility or border outpost the virus had originated from and compare the genomes of the new cases to the ones from the "managed-isolation facilities", or from around the world.
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Geoghegan worked as a lecturer at Macquarie University from 2017 to 2020. In 2017 for her research as an evolutionary biologist, she received the Tall Young Poppy Award.
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It is vital that genomics is part of this response to enable us to track where these cases may have arisen and to estimate the size and number of clusters present...
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Geoghegan has been described as one of New Zealand's "standout communicators... one of the faces of this country's COVID-19 genome sequencing efforts." Writing in
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417:, Geoghegan said prediction is difficult because of the vast number of viruses and supported the conclusions of another scientist, Kristian Anderson, from
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from diverse animal species in New Zealand and analysing any viruses present". Geoghegan described this as significant in the context of the
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that this was likely to lead to more dangerous virus variants circulating worldwide, undermining vaccination programmes. She said this was "
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wrote that "hundreds, if not thousands, of New Zealanders are still alive thanks to Geoghegan and colleagues tracking outbreaks of the
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1708:"Macquarie University Faculty of Science and Engineering Excellence in Early Career Research (Jemma Geoghegan – Recipient 2017)"
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1179:
1282:
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2338:
1071:"Coronavirus: Virologist explains how COVID-19 jumped from animals to humans, and why we can't predict the next pandemic"
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the virus to escape vaccine-induced immunity", and the country needed a higher threshold of vaccination to deal with the
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were "effectively protected" against the new variant. By June 2022 it was widely held that Omicron would likely become
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In 2017 she won the Macquarie University Faculty of Science and Engineering Excellence in Early Career Research Prize.
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1978:
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In early 2020, when questions were being asked about the causes of the coronavirus pandemic, Geoghegan was asked on
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527:
428:
208:
1590:"Latest 10 fellows announced in 10th year of Rutherford Discovery Fellowship awards (Published 22 October 2020)"
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2135:
2044:
1399:"Dr Jemma Geoghegan receives $ 600,000 grant to track COVID-19 spread and evolution in NZ (Posted 29 May 2020)"
348:
1647:
1620:
215:, but in 2004 took a year off school before starting her university studies to work as a volunteer teacher in
1367:"Thousands of migratory birds will make NZ landfall in spring – will they bring a deadly bird flu with them?"
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588:
In May 2022 Geoghegan was awarded the 2021 Prime Minister's Emerging Scientist prize, worth $ 200,000. In
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2501:
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863:"Genomic epidemiology reveals transmission patterns and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Aotearoa New Zealand"
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during COVID-19 despite only half of the population being vaccinated, Geoghegan shared the concerns of
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2474:
2439:
1738:"2021 TE PUIAKI KAIPŪTAIAO MAEA MACDIARMID EMERGING SCIENTIST |The Prime Minister's Science Prizes"
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303:(ESR). In August 2023 she was promoted to the Webster Family Chair in Viral Pathogenesis at Otago.
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179:. As a leader in several government-funded research projects, Geoghegan became the public face of
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2019:
1153:"How did coronavirus start? Where did bats get the virus from and how did it spread to humans?"
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2003:
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1765:"Genome sequencer Jemma Geoghegan claims Prime Minister's MacDiarmid Emerging Scientist Prize"
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752:"Macquarie Grows Our Tall Poppies Well: Evolutionary Biologist Dr Jemma Geoghegan Awarded"
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virus, the coronavirus was likely to have taken a similar route to that which caused the
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722:"MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY Te Tari Moromoroiti me te Ārai Mate – Dr Jemma Geoghegan"
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976:"There's a new version of omicron but so far it doesn't appear to be more dangerous"
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that explores whether viruses could be predicted. When discussing the research with
223:. At the age of 18, she returned to the University of Strathclyde and completed her
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When Britain decided in July 2021 to lift all public health restrictions following
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1511:"Covid 19 coronavirus: Genomic tracing used to find source of latest outbreak"
534:. The $ 800,000 scholarship would fund Geoghegan's study, which was entitled
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1006:"Covid-19: Booster dose effective against Omicron BA.2 mutation - virologist"
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In May 2020 as a result of a collaboration between Otago University and the
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began circulating New Zealand and it appeared that there would be a further
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1537:"Scientists awaiting results on Air New Zealand crew member with Covid-19"
809:"Aches on a plane – new findings on in-flight Covid transmission revealed"
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In August 2023, Geoghegan co-authored an article warning new strains of
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836:"How genome sequencing could crack the case of the NZ Covid comeback"
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123:
1457:"How genome testing could help reveal the source of community Covid"
1430:"Coronavirus: New research reveals how Covid-19 came to New Zealand"
922:"How New Zealand's Covid success made it a laboratory for the world"
601:
from the award to support further research and student training."
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37:
1310:"Scientists tried to predict COVID-19. Here's why they missed it"
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In 2017 Geoghegan gained The Young Tall Poppy Award run by the
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in 2009. She received a scholarship to do a doctorate at the
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159:(born 1985 or 1986) is a Scottish-born evolutionary
566:
have any immunity, which is basically all of New Zealand."
530:
announced that Geoghegan was awarded the government-funded
1227:
Geoghegan, Jemma L.; Holmes, Edward G. (25 October 2017).
1098:"Hidden diversity and evolution of viruses in market fish"
2354:
Royal Commission of Inquiry into COVID-19 Lessons Learned
554:
pandemic, and would be the "first study examining virus
268:
from 2013 to 2017, before getting her own laboratory at
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1358:
167:, New Zealand, who specialises in researching emerging
1648:"Evolutionary biologist Dr Jemma Geoghegan recognised"
2294:
COVID-19 Response (Vaccinations) Legislation Act 2021
1337:"How genome sequencing can help track Covid outbreak"
861:
Geoghegan, Jemma L.; et al. (11 December 2020).
1229:"Predicting virus emergence amid evolutionary noise"
1096:
Geoghegan, Jemma L.; et al. (31 October 2018).
778:"New prestigious role for Professor Jemma Geoghegan"
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department and an associate senior scientist at the
16:
Scottish-born evolutionary virologist in New Zealand
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1564:"Scientific researchers get backing of fellowships"
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Institute when he said it was "simply impossible...
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1365:Geoghegan, Jemma; French, Nigel (18 August 2023).
1151:Lyons, Suzannah; Mitchel, Natasha (9 April 2020).
754:. Macquarie University. Newsroom. 21 August 2017.
536:Ecological barriers and drivers of virus emergence
474:(ESR), Geoghegan was allocated $ 600,000 from the
260:. In 2013 she moved to Australia and worked as a
1276:
1274:
476:Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
472:Institute of Environmental Science and Research
466:Institute of Environmental Science and Research
301:Institute of Environmental Science and Research
1283:"Is It Possible to Predict the Next Pandemic?"
1867:
1621:"Sequencing effort to identify virus variant"
1040:"Covid isn't over, it's just getting started"
486:of the virus in August 2020, Geoghegan told
452:(known as bird flu) were causing a worldwide
8:
620:
618:
616:
614:
247:. She was offered the opportunity to do the
629:. University of Otago. The Otago Bulletin.
627:"A modern-day explorer: Dr Jemma Geoghegan"
494:that the work she was involved in with the
2407:
1893:
1874:
1860:
1852:
1069:Pratt, Rodney; Ku, Jenny (16 April 2020).
949:"UK's 'awful experiment' will threaten NZ"
693:Modelling Selection under Soft Inheritance
576:Australian Institute of Policy and Science
427:...vital." In May 2020, Geoghegan told
130:Modelling selection under soft inheritance
20:
2722:Academic staff of the University of Otago
1484:"The vital work of our genome scientists"
1254:
1244:
1190:(30 March 2021) to link to this article.
1123:
1113:
896:
886:
193:Prime Minister's Emerging Scientist Prize
34:1985 or 1986 (age 37–38)
2289:COVID-19 Public Health Response Act 2020
652:
650:
648:
2375:Samoan Assemblies of God in New Zealand
610:
1833:About Rutherford Discovery Fellowships
1482:Brett-Kelly, Sharon (20 August 2020).
1343:from the original on 18 September 2020
1205:
1194:from the original on 30 September 2016
207:, Scotland. She was accepted into the
1838:COVID-19 Innovation Acceleration Fund
1627:from the original on 17 February 2021
1570:from the original on 27 November 2020
815:from the original on 22 November 2020
7:
1619:MacLean, Hamish (16 February 2021).
1600:from the original on 1 November 2020
1517:from the original on 11 January 2021
1436:from the original on 11 October 2021
1016:from the original on 28 January 2022
986:from the original on 25 January 2022
974:Bernstein, Lenny (24 January 2022).
807:Wiles, Siouxsie (23 November 2020).
669:from the original on 27 October 2022
633:from the original on 3 December 2020
2385:The Freedoms & Rights Coalition
2299:COVID-19 Response Recognition Award
1490:from the original on 20 August 2020
1463:from the original on 23 August 2020
1379:from the original on 22 August 2023
1140:from the original on 20 March 2020.
842:from the original on 19 August 2020
758:from the original on 24 August 2017
562:of such magnitude in this country.
1718:from the original on 27 April 2020
1658:from the original on 13 April 2022
1409:from the original on 5 August 2020
1289:from the original on 31 March 2022
1077:from the original on 16 April 2020
834:Wiles, Siouxsie (13 August 2020).
788:from the original on 7 August 2023
320:, the New Zealand-based scientist
14:
2497:Millennium & Copthorne Hotels
1688:from the original on 7 March 2022
1543:from the original on 7 April 2022
1486:. Newsroom. Podcast: The Detail.
1428:Martin, Hannah (18 August 2020).
1159:from the original on 9 April 2020
1050:from the original on 16 June 2022
955:from the original on 12 July 2021
928:from the original on 3 April 2021
732:from the original on 5 March 2022
542:evolve to make the jump to a new
203:Geoghegan was born and raised in
183:during New Zealand's response to
2324:New Zealand Microbiology Network
1883:COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand
1802:
1775:from the original on 8 June 2022
1744:from the original on 31 May 2022
1335:Hawkesby, Kate (13 April 2020).
1316:from the original on 16 May 2020
695:(Doctoral thesis), OUR Archive,
379:Debate on the causes of COVID-19
283:Since 2020 Geoghegan has been a
2732:New Zealand medical researchers
1682:Genetics Society of Australasia
1455:Nine to Noon (13 August 2020).
532:Rutherford Discovery Fellowship
522:Rutherford Discovery Fellowship
189:Rutherford Discovery Fellowship
1562:Gibb, John (23 October 2020).
1038:Daalder, Marc (15 June 2022).
947:Daalder, Marc (13 July 2021).
920:McClure, Tess (3 April 2021).
838:. The University of Auckland.
1:
1509:Gibb, John (14 August 2020).
1403:Microbiology & Immunology
1312:. The Sydney Morning Herald.
1239:(10). Royal Society: 170189.
1188:Guy Nolich Control Publishing
657:Gorman, Paul (October 2022).
1646:Who's Who (21 August 2017).
1308:Mannix, Liam (16 May 2020).
1281:Yong, Ed (26 October 2017).
1073:. 7 News. The Morning Show.
625:UNI News (2 December 2020).
262:postdoctoral research fellow
2727:New Zealand microbiologists
2517:SkyCity Entertainment Group
1763:Lewis, John (1 June 2022).
538:. Its aim was to show "how
2748:
2717:University of Otago alumni
2395:The Disinformation Project
888:10.1038/s41467-020-20235-8
590:North & South magazine
461:Selected research projects
175:to trace the evolution of
2712:Women medical researchers
1539:. RNZ. 25 November 2020.
1178:Geoghegan, Jemma (2016).
528:Royal Society Te Aparangi
429:The Sydney Morning Herald
209:University of Strathclyde
150:
93:
1845:publications indexed by
1678:"Past GSA Award Winners"
1212:: CS1 maint: location (
526:On 22 October 2020, the
199:Early life and education
2692:New Zealand virologists
2593:2022 Wellington protest
354:In January 2022 as the
2564:Papatoetoe High School
2304:District health boards
1513:. New Zealand Herald.
1186:. Permission given by
1180:"Predicting Pandemics"
515:
482:had another community
191:in 2020, and the 2021
157:Jemma Louise Geoghegan
2707:Women microbiologists
2146:Helen Petousis-Harris
1623:. Otago Daily Times.
1566:. Otago Daily Times.
867:Nature Communications
508:
498:could identify which
393:SARS outbreak in 2003
2697:COVID-19 researchers
2339:Traffic light system
1712:Macquarie University
1405:. Otago University.
1184:Australasian Science
270:Macquarie University
266:University of Sydney
256:that was focused on
113:Macquarie University
70:Evolutionary biology
2440:Bank of New Zealand
1828:Tall Poppy Campaign
1246:10.1098/rsob.170189
1012:. 28 January 2022.
980:The Washington Post
879:2020NatCo..11.6351G
782:University of Otago
289:University of Otago
254:New York University
241:University of Otago
225:Bachelor of Science
169:infectious diseases
165:University of Otago
117:University of Otago
80:Infectious diseases
54:University of Otago
2390:Voices for Freedom
2380:Te Pūnaha Matatini
2314:Ministry of Health
2080:Sarah Stuart-Black
1815:Jemma L Geoghegan
1812:has a profile for
1785:New Zealand Herald
659:"The Virus Hunter"
400:Predicting viruses
235:, specialising in
181:genomic sequencing
2702:Women virologists
2674:
2673:
2647:Associated states
2606:
2605:
2502:Ngāi Tahu Tourism
2460:Fletcher Building
2445:Bauer Media Group
2370:Counterspin Media
2309:Managed isolation
2270:
2269:
2171:Collin Tukuitonga
2025:Ashley Bloomfield
2004:Michael Woodhouse
1994:Fletcher Tabuteau
1944:Epidemic Response
1818:
1769:Otago Daily Times
1115:10.1093/ve/vey031
726:micro.otago.ac.nz
663:North & South
342:Julie Anne Genter
338:Ashley Bloomfield
307:Genome sequencing
154:
153:
104:Genome sequencing
95:Scientific career
2739:
2649:and dependencies
2551:Disease clusters
2537:Virgin Australia
2527:Steel & Tube
2455:Dunedin Railways
2408:
2334:NZ Pass Verifier
2055:Caroline McElnay
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1372:The Conversation
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1285:. The Atlantic.
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996:
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971:
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944:
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924:. The Guardian.
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689:Geoghegan, Jemma
685:
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546:, by sequencing
419:Scripps Research
237:Forensic Biology
142:Doctoral advisor
136:
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2576:
2546:
2542:Warehouse Group
2475:Hermitage Hotel
2470:H & J Smith
2425:Air New Zealand
2399:
2358:
2329:NZ COVID Tracer
2319:My Vaccine Pass
2266:
2262:Billy Te Kahika
2195:
2156:Papaarangi Reid
2111:Jemma Geoghegan
2094:
2075:Heather Simpson
2008:
1969:Marama Davidson
1945:
1938:
1924:Grant Robertson
1885:
1880:
1843:Jemma Geoghegan
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1339:. Newstalk ZB.
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1102:Virus Evolution
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811:. The Spinoff.
806:
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468:
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450:avian influenza
446:
444:Avian influenza
402:
381:
356:Omicron variant
314:
309:
285:senior lecturer
278:
201:
171:and the use of
163:, based at the
134:
115:
89:
50:Alma mater
45:
35:
26:
25:Jemma Geoghegan
17:
12:
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2558:Marist College
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2193:
2188:
2186:Siouxsie Wiles
2183:
2181:Ayesha Verrall
2178:
2173:
2168:
2166:Simon Thornley
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
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2118:
2116:Matire Harwood
2113:
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2057:
2052:
2047:
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2040:Peter Crabtree
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1979:Paul Goldsmith
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1929:Ayesha Verrall
1926:
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1919:Winston Peters
1916:
1911:
1906:
1904:Jacinda Ardern
1900:
1898:
1891:
1887:
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1850:
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1847:Google Scholar
1840:
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873:(6351): 6351.
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322:Siouxsie Wiles
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2598:Social impact
2596:
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2573:(Hawke's Bay)
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2570:Ruby Princess
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2018:
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2015:
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1989:David Seymour
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1952:
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1652:getstem.co.au
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598:Delta variant
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407:Edward Holmes
399:
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349:Delta variant
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2656:Cook Islands
2568:
2486:Le Lapérouse
2484:
2430:Allied Press
2284:Alert levels
2257:Brian Tamaki
2237:Anna Mowbray
2212:Claire Deeks
2176:Nikki Turner
2141:Dion O'Neale
2121:David Hayman
2110:
1999:Michael Wood
1814:
1783:– via
1777:. Retrieved
1768:
1758:
1746:. Retrieved
1732:
1720:. Retrieved
1711:
1702:
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1681:
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1660:. Retrieved
1651:
1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1614:
1602:. Retrieved
1593:
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1572:. Retrieved
1557:
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1531:
1519:. Retrieved
1504:
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1477:
1465:. Retrieved
1450:
1438:. Retrieved
1423:
1411:. Retrieved
1402:
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1381:. Retrieved
1370:
1345:. Retrieved
1330:
1318:. Retrieved
1303:
1291:. Retrieved
1236:
1233:Open Biology
1232:
1222:
1208:cite journal
1196:. Retrieved
1187:
1183:
1173:
1161:. Retrieved
1155:. ABC News.
1146:
1105:
1101:
1091:
1079:. Retrieved
1064:
1052:. Retrieved
1043:
1018:. Retrieved
1009:
1000:
988:. Retrieved
979:
969:
957:. Retrieved
951:. Newsroom.
942:
930:. Retrieved
915:
870:
866:
856:
844:. Retrieved
829:
817:. Retrieved
802:
790:. Retrieved
781:
772:
760:. Retrieved
746:
734:. Retrieved
725:
716:
692:
688:
683:
671:. Retrieved
662:
635:. Retrieved
587:
584:
580:
573:
564:
544:host species
535:
525:
516:
511:
509:
504:
492:RNZ National
488:Kathryn Ryan
469:
447:
425:
422:
415:The Atlantic
403:
382:
353:
345:
327:
315:
293:microbiology
282:
279:
202:
173:metagenomics
156:
155:
128:
109:Institutions
94:
85:Metagenomics
66:Research on:
18:
2522:Smiths City
2344:Vaccination
2232:Toby Morris
2191:Anne Wyllie
2161:David Skegg
2131:Rod Jackson
2126:Shaun Hendy
2090:Darryn Webb
2070:Sharon Shea
2065:Brian Roche
2060:John Ombler
1934:Megan Woods
1909:David Clark
1817:(Q56550813)
594:Paul Gorman
437:Newstalk ZB
318:The Spinoff
245:New Zealand
2681:Categories
2560:(Auckland)
2492:MediaWorks
2349:Zero-COVID
2276:Government
2099:Scientists
2050:Megan Main
1984:Shane Reti
1974:Ruth Dyson
1959:Kiri Allan
1779:30 October
1020:30 January
990:30 January
709:Q111965714
701:10523/3718
673:27 October
605:References
500:quarantine
364:vaccinated
297:immunology
161:virologist
44:, Scotland
2247:Paul Reid
2207:Suzy Cato
2045:Rose King
2030:Mike Bush
2020:Jim Bliss
2013:Officials
1946:Committee
1432:. Stuff.
1383:23 August
560:evolution
454:panzootic
330:lockdowns
221:Sri Lanka
217:Baddegama
2611:Timeline
2588:Protests
2450:Bunnings
2435:ASB Bank
2420:2degrees
2222:Sue Grey
2217:Rob Fyfe
2085:Ian Town
1773:Archived
1742:Archived
1722:29 March
1716:Archived
1692:29 March
1686:Archived
1662:28 March
1656:Archived
1631:30 March
1625:Archived
1604:28 March
1598:Archived
1574:28 March
1568:Archived
1547:29 March
1541:Archived
1521:29 March
1515:Archived
1494:30 March
1488:Archived
1461:Archived
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631:Archived
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484:outbreak
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368:boosters
360:mutation
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556:ecology
540:viruses
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