348:
130:
33:
2331:
100:. However, an angel intervenes to stop the sacrifice, and Iphis only needs to dedicate her life to the Lord. This is an unusual interpretation of the Bible story, although one which has been current since the Middle Ages. The more common interpretation is that Jephthah chooses to sacrifice his daughter, but a short reprieve is arranged, after which Iphis dutifully returns and is killed.
2352:
945:
2342:
2378:
1094:
93:, Handel was increasingly troubled by his gradual loss of sight, and this proved to be his last oratorio. In the autograph score, at the end of the chorus "How dark, O Lord, are thy decrees" he wrote "Reached here on 13 February 1751, unable to go on owing to weakening of the sight of my left eye."
513:
is notable for its emotional intensity, directness and restraint. Iphis is characterised in her music as the epitome of faith, duty and resignation and her mother as an outraged matron. The numerous accompanied recitatives in the work capture the anguish of the characters. Jephtha's torment is
274:
The
Israelites have been under the rule of the neighbouring Ammonites for eighteen years and have adopted many of their ways and worship of their gods. They face the loss of their country and their religious identity unless they rebel, as Zebul tells them (Accompanied
948:
466:). As Jephtha lifts the sacrificial knife however, heavenly music is heard and an angel appears, declaring that human sacrifice is not pleasing to God. Iphis must be dedicated to God's service and stay a virgin through life, but she will live (Air:
335:). The Israelites have sent an embassy to the king of the Ammonites offering peace terms, but it has been rejected. Therefore, Jephtha orders the Israelites to prepare for war and they express their confidence that God will aid them (Chorus:
395:) but Jephtha is horrified that his daughter is the first living thing he has seen on his return and orders her to leave him. His vow requires him to sacrifice his only child, but he would prefer to die himself (Air:
319:) Jephtha, alone, vows to the Almighty that if he is allowed to win victory over Israel's enemies, he will sacrifice to God the first living thing he sees upon his return after the battle (Accompanied recitative:
363:
Hamor brings Iphis the welcome news that her father has utterly vanquished the
Ammonites in battle. The Israelites celebrate their resounding victory, which they ascribe to angelic assistance (Chorus:
299:). Jephtha, trusting in his own virtue, agrees to lead the Israelites in battle against their enemies on condition that if he is victorious he will be their leader in peacetime afterwards (Air:
96:
The story revolves around
Jephtha's rash promise to the Almighty that if he is victorious, he will sacrifice the first creature he meets on his return. He is met by his beloved daughter
399:). He explains to his wife, brother and Hamor that having made this rash vow he must now kill his daughter. His wife vehemently rejects this horrific prospect (Accompanied recitative:
2355:
1730:
2413:
103:
Staged performance of material based on biblical subjects was forbidden in Great
Britain at the time the work was premiered. Handel's final masterpiece was presented at
1007:
2285:
1032:
283:). Zebul advises them to recall his half-brother Jephtha from exile so he can lead them to freedom and to repent of their worship of the Ammonites' idols (Air:
2398:
2062:
2254:
331:). She explains to her daughter that she has had dreams of danger to Iphis, but Iphis attempts to dismiss her mother's nightmares as meaningless (Air:
1533:
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searingly depicted in the music. His aria "Waft her angels, through the skies" became familiar out of the context of the whole piece.
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315:). He agrees to this and the pair look forward to a happy future together after their country has achieved its freedom (Duet:
2290:
474:). The rest of Jephtha's family come in and Zebul proclaims that Iphis' faith and courage will forever be remembered (Air:
2305:
1978:
1705:
1468:
2368:
303:). His wife Storgé supports his mission to win freedom for their country but will miss him sorely while he is away (Air:
1957:
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129:
2005:
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969:
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126:
Today the work is recognised as one of Handel's most sublime masterpieces and is sometimes fully staged as an opera.
2238:
2228:
371:). Iphis prepares to go out to congratulate her father with other young girls, greeting him with song and dance (Air:
327:). Jephtha's wife Storgé is unaware of her husband's rash vow but she is experiencing presentiments of tragedy (Air:
1849:
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32:
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311:) but she tells him to prove himself worthy of her by fighting valiantly under her father's command first (Air:
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482:) and Hamor is also glad Iphis will be safe though he mourns the fact that she can never be his wife (Air:
411:). All three implore Jephtha not to carry out his cruel vow but he insists that he has no choice (Quartet:
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427:) but still feels he must fulfill his vow. The Israelites comment on the unknowable ways of God (Chorus:
1832:
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1988:
1758:
1419:
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571:
307:). Iphis, only child of Jephtha and Storgé, is asked by her sweetheart Hamor to marry him soon (Air:
77:
387:). Iphis leads a procession of young girls singing and dancing to welcome her father's return (Air:
2011:
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In intense distress, Jephtha prepares to take his beloved daughter's life (Accompanied recitative:
2180:
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462:) and the assembled priests preach submission to the divine will (Chorus of priests:
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Music and
Theatre in Handel's World: The Family Papers of James Harris, 1732â1780
478:). Storgé is relieved and happy that her daughter will not be put to death (Air:
107:
on 26 February 1752, with the composer conducting, and with a cast that included
1973:
1567:
688:
675:
627:
17:
1149:
276:
1345:
1303:
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415:). Iphis returns, having heard of her father's vow (Accompanied recitative:
123:. It was presented without scenery or costumes and divided into three acts.
1191:
1053:
985:
954:
419:) and accepts that she must now be killed by the hand of her father (Air:
60:
52:
2351:
407:) and Hamor pleads to be allowed to die in his sweetheart's place (Air:
1324:
1261:
1226:
601:
493:) and promises to hold him in esteem as he accepts her decision (Duet:
375:). Zebul is jubilant that Jephtha has won liberty for his people (Air:
292:
263:
183:
68:
1373:
1310:
1296:
1205:
1163:
1156:
1067:
288:
287:). The Israelites vow to stop their sacrifices to the Ammonite gods
1359:
1219:
1107:
439:
438:
346:
168:
31:
989:
48:
247:
Chorus of
Israelites, chorus of priests, chorus of virgins
877:
379:) but Jephtha insists that the glory is the Lord's (Air:
423:). Jephtha is deeply anguished (Accompanied recitative:
454:) and prays that she may be received into heaven (Air:
2366:
2273:
2247:
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1987:
1966:
1940:
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1731:
Agrippina condotta a morire or Dunque sarĂ pur vero
1722:
1683:
1461:
1429:
1390:
1041:
323:) The Israelites implore divine assistance (Chorus:
853:"Starkly powerful Jephtha at Dutch National Opera"
295:and thenceforth to worship Jehovah only (Chorus:
383:). The Israelites offer thanks to God (Chorus:
321:What mean these doubtful fancies of the brain?
136:(1807), by James Gundee & M. Jones, London
1001:
111:as Jephtha and two divas of the opera stage,
8:
291:(a god associated with child sacrifice) and
470:). The priests praise God's mercy (Chorus:
1008:
994:
986:
934:International Music Score Library Project
778:
776:
774:
772:
2414:Moloch in literature and popular culture
733:
731:
729:
727:
521:
359:was first performed, on 26 February 1752
262:
144:
128:
2373:
710:
458:). Iphis is resigned to her fate (Air:
446:, soprano, creator of the role of Iphis
1534:L'Allegro, il Penseroso ed il Moderato
827:"Handel Jephtha, Welsh National Opera"
460:Farewell, ye limpid springs and floods
1470:Il trionfo del Tempo e del Disinganno
147:Roles, voice types, and premiere cast
7:
2341:
337:When His loud voice in thunder spoke
2399:Oratorios by George Frideric Handel
2208:Keyboard suite in D minor (HWV 437)
1474:Il trionfo del Tempo e della VeritĂ
497:). All express their joy (Quintet:
456:Waft her, angels, through the skies
285:Pour forth no more unheeded pray'rs
1699:Ode for the Birthday of Queen Anne
970:Page from Handel's autograph score
505:Music and musical characterisation
301:Virtue my soul shall still embrace
27:Oratorio by Georg Friedrich HĂ€ndel
25:
1864:Funeral Anthem for Queen Caroline
815:, Oxford University Press, p. 354
429:How dark, O Lord, are Thy decrees
317:These labours past, how happy we!
270:, who created the role of Jephtha
2376:
2350:
2340:
2330:
2329:
1885:Wedding anthem for Princess Anne
1092:
943:
381:His mighty arm, with sudden blow
377:Freedom now once more possessing
642:Akademie Fur Alte Musik Berlin
472:Theme sublime of endless praise
369:Up the dreadful steep ascending
329:Scenes of horror, scenes of woe
325:O God, behold our sore distress
309:Dull delay, in piercing anguish
297:No more to Ammon's god and king
2306:Handel & Hendrix in London
721:, Kessinger Publishing, p. 322
499:Joys triumphant crown thy days
464:Doubtful fear and rev'rent awe
385:In glory high, in might serene
333:The smiling dawn of happy days
313:Take the heart you fondly gave
305:In gentle murmurs will I mourn
159:Premiere cast,26 February 1752
1:
1979:Music for the Royal Fireworks
1478:The Triumph of Time and Truth
878:"G. F. Handel's Compositions"
487:Tis Heav'n's all-ruling pow'r
476:Laud her, all ye virgin train
409:On me let blind mistaken zeal
389:Welcome as the cheerful light
2409:Oratorios based on the Bible
1910:Utrecht Te Deum and Jubilate
1794:Tra le fiamme (Il consiglio)
1049:Handel's lost Hamburg operas
468:Happy, Iphis shalt thou live
397:Open thy marble jaws, O tomb
373:Tune the soft melodious lute
953:public domain audiobook at
480:Sweet as sight to the blind
2430:
982:(archived 27 October 2009)
2324:
2224:Handel Reference Database
2202:The Harmonious Blacksmith
1892:Foundling Hospital Anthem
1780:O lucenti, o sereni occhi
1713:Ode For St. Cecilia's Day
1023:
939:Full-text libretto online
535:
495:Freely I to Heav'n resign
491:All that is in Hamor mine
452:Hide thou thy hated beams
246:
223:Hamor, in love with Iphis
59:with an English language
2239:Hallische HĂ€ndel-Ausgabe
2229:HĂ€ndel-Werke-Verzeichnis
2217:Catalogs and collections
976:(archived 11 March 2007)
597:English Baroque Soloists
425:Deeper, and deeper still
67:, based on the story of
1738:Allor ch'io dissi addio
1692:Aci, Galatea e Polifemo
1597:Joseph and his Brethren
966:(archived 7 April 2007)
413:Oh, spare your daughter
405:Let other creatures die
391:and Chorus of Virgins:
2164:Concerti grossi, Op. 6
2159:Concerti grossi, Op. 3
2154:Organ concertos, Op. 7
2149:Organ concertos, Op. 4
1924:Queen Caroline Te Deum
1667:The Choice of Hercules
1017:George Frideric Handel
880:. The Handel Institute
447:
360:
271:
137:
57:George Frideric Handel
39:
37:George Frideric Handel
1752:Clori, Tirsi e Fileno
549:Chorus and Orchestra
442:
417:Such news flies swift
353:Covent Garden Theatre
351:An 1808 engraving of
350:
266:
132:
105:Covent Garden Theatre
35:
2286:Letters and writings
1759:Dalla guerra amorosa
1420:Va tacito e nascosto
1413:Svegliatevi nel core
1033:List of compositions
763:7 April 2007 at the
572:Anne Sofie von Otter
242:Unknown boy soprano
78:Jephthes, sive Votum
2281:British citizenship
2234:HĂ€ndel-Gesellschaft
1958:Oboe Concerto No. 2
1953:Oboe Concerto No. 1
1948:Oboe Concerto No. 3
1618:Occasional Oratorio
1399:Lascia ch'io pianga
717:R. A. Streatfield,
587:John Eliot Gardiner
529:
518:Selected recordings
365:Cherub and seraphim
180:Iphis, his Daughter
149:
1811:Latin church music
1801:Un'alma innamorata
1766:Del bell'idolo mio
1745:Aure soavi e lieti
851:Camilleri, Jenny.
811:D. Burrows et al,
740:"Handel's Jephtha"
684:Harry Christophers
646:Brilliant Classics
522:
448:
361:
272:
210:Zebul, his Brother
145:
138:
134:Jephtha's Rash Vow
83:Jeptha, or the Vow
40:
2364:
2363:
2296:Handel at Cannons
1967:Orchestral suites
1917:Dettingen Te Deum
1850:As Pants the Hart
1706:Alexander's Feast
1353:Alessandro Severo
1290:Parnasso in festa
980:Jephtha, excerpts
744:Bostoncecilia.org
738:Teeters, Donald.
702:
701:
625:Catherine Denley,
616:John Mark Ainsley
559:June 13-16, 1988,
401:First perish thou
251:
250:
141:Dramatis personae
89:. Whilst writing
75:(Chapter 11) and
16:(Redirected from
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2274:Related articles
1931:Chandos Jubilate
1857:Zadok the Priest
1684:Odes and masques
1625:Judas Maccabaeus
1430:Incidental music
1283:Arianna in Creta
1234:Lotario (Handel)
1129:Acis and Galatea
1122:Amadigi di Gaula
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932:: Scores at the
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746:. Archived from
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621:Christiane Oelze
592:Monteverdi Choir
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195:Storgé, his Wife
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1575:Scratch Messiah
1527:Israel in Egypt
1492:Brockes Passion
1485:La resurrezione
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1028:List of operas
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605:CD: 422 351-2
599:
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582:Stephen Varcoe
577:Michael Chance
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671:Susan Bickley
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564:Nigel Robson,
563:
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509:The music of
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2311:Georg HĂ€ndel
2301:Handel House
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1833:Salve Regina
1828:Nisi Dominus
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1406:Ombra mai fu
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928:
907:. Retrieved
903:
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882:. Retrieved
872:
860:. Retrieved
856:
846:
834:. Retrieved
830:
820:
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807:
795:. Retrieved
791:
752:. Retrieved
748:the original
743:
718:
713:
693:The Sixteen
666:Sophie Bevan
657:January 2014
636:Marcus Creed
567:Lynne Dawson
524:
510:
508:
498:
494:
490:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
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459:
455:
451:
449:
444:Giulia Frasi
428:
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393:Welcome thou
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273:
227:countertenor
218:Robert Wass
189:Giulia Frasi
133:
125:
116:
113:Giulia Frasi
102:
95:
90:
85:) (1554) by
82:
76:
63:by the Rev.
43:
42:
41:
29:
2012:Fitzwilliam
1974:Water Music
1568:Der Messias
831:Opera Today
792:Chandos,net
689:The Sixteen
676:Robin Blaze
628:Axel Kohler
527:discography
117:prima donna
115:, Handel's
2393:Categories
1611:Belshazzar
1199:Alessandro
1150:Floridante
557:Göttingen,
547:Conductor,
421:Happy they
277:recitative
268:John Beard
174:John Beard
156:Voice type
109:John Beard
55:(1751) by
51:70) is an
2255:Göttingen
2248:Festivals
2181:Germanico
1902:Canticles
1547:Structure
1462:Oratorios
1346:Faramondo
1304:Ariodante
1241:Partenope
1185:Rodelinda
1178:Tamerlano
1136:Radamisto
1082:Agrippina
909:3 January
884:3 January
862:3 January
836:3 January
797:3 January
754:3 January
612:June 1992
403:and air:
231:Mr.Brent
2335:Category
1723:Cantatas
1660:Theodora
1604:Hercules
1562:Part III
1381:Deidamia
1339:Berenice
1332:Giustino
1318:Atalanta
1192:Scipione
1054:Florindo
955:LibriVox
761:Archived
355:, where
254:Synopsis
61:libretto
53:oratorio
2346:Commons
1999:sonatas
1997:XV solo
1842:Anthems
1674:Jephtha
1653:Solomon
1646:Susanna
1557:Part II
1541:Messiah
1513:Athalia
1506:Deborah
1452:Alceste
1325:Arminio
1276:Orlando
1262:Sosarme
1227:Tolomeo
1089:Rinaldo
1075:Rodrigo
972:in the
950:Jephtha
929:Jephtha
655:London,
610:Berlin,
602:Philips
540:StorgĂš,
525:Jephtha
511:Jephtha
357:Jephtha
293:Chemosh
239:soprano
184:soprano
165:Jephtha
91:Jephtha
69:Jephtha
44:Jephtha
2369:Portal
2265:London
2195:Gideon
1823:Gloria
1632:Joshua
1590:Semele
1583:Samson
1552:Part I
1499:Esther
1374:Imeneo
1311:Alcina
1297:Oreste
1269:Catone
1206:Admeto
1164:Flavio
1157:Ottone
1068:Almira
1060:Daphne
1042:Operas
719:Handel
552:Label
544:Zebul
542:Hamor,
538:Iphis,
289:Moloch
73:Judges
2356:Audio
2260:Halle
2188:Nabal
2173:Other
1989:Flute
1445:Comus
1360:Serse
1220:Siroe
1115:Silla
1108:Teseo
788:(PDF)
705:Notes
696:Coro,
533:Date
485:'
435:Act 3
343:Act 2
259:Act 1
236:Angel
169:tenor
98:Iphis
2291:Will
2142:Opus
2078:367b
2073:367a
2058:364b
2053:364a
2048:363b
2043:363a
2023:359b
2018:359a
1995:and
1993:solo
1520:Saul
1255:Ezio
1248:Poro
911:2018
886:2018
864:2018
838:2018
799:2018
756:2018
561:live
214:bass
153:Role
2133:379
2128:378
2123:376
2118:375
2113:374
2108:373
2103:372
2098:371
2093:370
2088:369
2083:368
2068:366
2063:365
2038:362
2033:361
2028:360
2006:358
962:by
501:).
431:).
339:).
71:in
49:HWV
2395::
1991:,
1057:,
902:.
855:.
829:.
790:.
771:^
742:.
726:^
279::
2371::
2014:"
2010:"
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1418:"
1415:"
1411:"
1408:"
1404:"
1401:"
1397:"
1063:)
1051:(
1009:e
1002:t
995:v
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888:.
866:.
840:.
801:.
758:.
691:,
686:,
678:,
673:,
668:,
663:,
648:,
638:,
630:,
623:,
618:,
594:,
589:,
579:,
574:,
569:,
81:(
47:(
20:)
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