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that Owen was called on to intervene in the matter on behalf of the watch who risked losing his rank without the return of the prisoners. Given his position on the relief committee there was little reason to think Owen believed the expatriate community would give the escaped prisoners up in the face of certain exile. Owen contacted his friend and leader in the
Portsmouth community Captain Stawiarski and quickly accepted his principled silence as to the soldiers whereabouts. Although Stawiarski made public his account of the escape, including Owen's letters, there seems to have been no diplomatic repercussions from their publication.
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421:
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less qualified officers were 'unjustly promoted' ahead of them. Survival required adaptation and retraining in specialist scientific fields. From the 1830s, it was reported that, 'seeing the discouragement which those of this class suffered in their strictly professional career, Mr. Owen turned his attention to the study of metals, and acquiring much experience in his new pursuit, was afforded the opportunity of practically applying it to the advantage of the
Service.'
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31:
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role for eighteen years, contributing to the Navy's scientific knowledge of the use of metals during that period. His role as Chief
Metallurgist required extensive travel across the Navy's dockyards. His appointment was not without a familiar controversy. Despite his scientific credentials and research, criticisms of the appointment of âshipwrightâ over an âofficer of the tradeâ followed Owen in his supervision of the Navy's smitheries.
186:
277:. The new school enrolled scholars from age 14 and accepted him into the programme following a competitive examination. Training in advanced Euclidean Geometry (as well as the study of French, History, and Geography) earned scholars the moniker the 'Euclid Boys' from some quarters of the Navy. Until this time, it seems likely that he would follow one of his father's career paths in civil engineering or architecture, either within the
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shipbuilding. He was also likely a contributor to a popular pamphlet, circulated a month earlier and widely believed to be authored by teachers and recent graduates of the School. The pamphlet questioned
Seppingsâ dismissal and the plight of naval architecture without proper funding. In it, the authors argued the case for scientific training and meritocratic appointments to the technical roles in the Navy.
432:, Owen sat on a number of scientific committees, including the Admiralty Committee on Metals in the 1840s. Owen, along with his fellow committee members visited numerous dockyards and private establishments in the course of their inquiry. Many of the published findings of the committee continued to find an audience into the 1860s and 1870s. However, at the time, Owen's fellow committee member,
344:'s suggestion for the 'cooperation of men of science , under the auspices of a public Board.' Neither Owen nor Harvey's suggestion found traction within the Navy. Their interventions had also come too late to help Seppings who had been forced to resign his position just six days earlier. The appointment of Symonds, an amateur ship designer, in Seppingsâ place sealed the fate of the school.
445:
Admiralty'. Other more critical descriptions of the role in the press labelled it as 'a mere sinecure,' presumably designed to keep Owen salaried while he carried out his substantive work as a scientific officer on the
Committee of metals. There is some reason to dispute this characterisation of the role as calls for the re-establishment of the role were voiced over the next decade.
436:, acknowledged that âI have reason to know that many of the recommendations of the committee, though cordially acknowledged by the higher powers, were by a sort of passive resistance practically shelved.â Elsewhere, Owen acted on the Admiralty Committee on Dockyard Manufacturing, publishing reports on metals central to the expansion of the navy in the nineteenth century.
1364:
375:âs descriptions of Owen and his fellow students as âhighly gifted young menâ was preposterous. Marryat delved into the parentage of the students to suggest many were not the sons of gentlemen, and so could not harbor the talent Byam Martin ascribed to them. His vicious attack on the class background of many of the students conveniently excluded Owen, whose
842:'School of Naval Architecture, Portsmouth: A List of Students of Naval Architecture at Present belonging to His Majesty's Dockyards and Naval Service; showing the Nature and Dates of their respective Appointments and the Period where they respectively left the School,' The United Service Journal and Naval and Military Magazine 1833 Part II, June 1833, 279
386:, Owen escaped the unfortunate fate of many of the school's scholars, having recently received promotion to a scientific position within the Admiralty. But the continuing gap left in the training of scientific officers would remain for the next twenty years. Ironically, his biographer, Mike Chrimes, has argued that family contacts, rather than
563:
The role of the Polish relief committee and the people of
Portsmouth in raising awareness of the Marianne 212 deportees is commemorated in a memorial which proclaims in Polish and English: âLest we forget the kindness shown and the help given by the people of Britainâs premier naval port â Portsmouth
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that traditional models of naval apprenticeship offered the best route for training the officer class and master ship-wrights. Under this model, historians W.H Dickinson and D.K. Brown have argued, family ties and patronage, rather than meritocracy, were regarded as the favored method of recruitment.
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Almost from the beginning of his time at the School of Naval
Architecture, Owen was drawn into the political struggle over the role of educational training as a pathway to the officer class. Though established almost a century earlier, the Royal Naval College and the School for Naval Architecture was
568:
Russian oppression, which took place in Warsaw in 1830 â 1831. The majority of those soldiers were laid to rest in this very place in a common grave. At a time when merchants of human rights joined forces in order to destroy liberty â the people of
Portsmouth rallied to the aid of those, who fought
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from the
Portsmouth Dockyard prison. Owen's role in the escape remains unclear. Captain Franciszek Stawiarski's published letters suggests Owen had no knowledge of the soldiers escape plans although he himself had orchestrated their passage to London under the protection of Lord Stuart. It is known
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recommended that he be placed in charge of the Navy's metal mills. The role was based initially at
Chatham dockyard. By 1846, the new role of Chief Metallurgist (also known as Supervisor of metals) was created for him at the recommendation of the committee on metals. Owen remained in his specialist
915:
George Harvey, 'On the State of Naval Architecture in Great Britain' in The Report of The British Association For The Advancement of Science: First And Second Meetings; At York in 1831, And At Oxford In 1832, Including Its Proceedings, Recommendations, And Transactions (London: John Murray, 1833),
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Following the School of Naval Architecture's closure in 1837, Owen and members of the school were all but sidelined for promotion to master shipwright positions. Newspaper accounts sympathetic to Owen recalled that he and other 'gentlemen of the late School of Naval Architecture' suffered as other
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Jeremiah Owen, 'Remarks upon the Neglect of Naval Architecture in Great Britain' in The Report of The British Association For The Advancement of Science: First And Second Meetings; At York in 1831, And At Oxford In 1832, Including Its Proceedings, Recommendations, And Transactions (London: John
585:
assisted the campaign for Polish liberation through active assistance publicising the cause in print and through public lecture series, such as that carried out by Captain Franciszek Stawiarski at the beginning of 1844. Throughout the same period, Portsmouth's Polish community quickly became an
448:
Owen died after a brief illness in August 1850. His premature death cut short his career. Opportunities for naval architects over the lean years of the 1840s meant that he was forced to take up a non-scientific role in the Navy, though he continued to be based at Somerset House and retained his
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Criticism of Owen's lack of apprenticeship-based training in the smithies that he supervised followed him. The role of Chief Metallurgist was abolished in 1849. Reasons for this were unclear. It was later reported that his 'special office' had come 'within the range of the economical fit of the
357:
in June 1833, Owen continued to represent the case for academic discipline and funding of naval architecture. Arguing that only national governments could properly fund the scientific enquiry into naval architecture, he mounted the case for the continuation of scientific method to improve
809:'An Account of the total expense incurred by the Public for the Erection and maintenance of the School of Naval Architecture; Stating the Expense and Total Number of Pupils in each Year respectively,' The United Service Journal and Naval and Military Magazine 1833 Part II, June 1833, 280
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Competing positions about the relative merits of scientific training and established practice governed by rule of thumb emerged in Symondsâ subsequent moves against the School of Naval Architecture. At a presentation on naval architecture at the third meeting of the
818:
Report of the Royal Commission on Scientific Instruction and the Advancement of Science, 1872 -1875, The Devonshire Report, 55, cited in H W Dickinson, 'Joseph Woolley - Pioneer of British Naval Education; 1848-1879' Education Research and Perspectives 34:1 (2007):
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noted in the 1860s that, for a generation of naval architects educated at the School of Naval Architecture in the 1820s and 1830s, âthe value of their services, were for many yearsâthe best years of their livesâlost to the country.â A decade after his death, the
526:
to the United States drew Owen's attention. That year, Owen numbered among a few Englishmen and women in Portsmouth whose ânoble feelingsâ were said to have led them to support the cause of Polish liberation. He soon formed a relief committee for the Polish
330:
formed the immediate context for Owen's first known intervention in the wider debate in 1832. Sepping's support for scientific training in naval architecture, was matched by the dislike for the School of Naval Architecture by his proposed replacement,
390:, were responsible for Owen gaining an important post in the Admiralty. There is no evidence for this claim. Rather Owen's assignment role as metallurgist to the Navy, first based at Portsmouth, was the result of Inman's recommendations in the 1831.
314:
655:. Within a month of Owen's death, his eldest daughter Emily died of consumption at Woolwich. His second daughter Catherine, died four years later in 1854. A third daughter, Charlotte, married William Watts, son of fellow naval architect
339:
in June, Owen had encouraged the Association's members to promote the idea of large-scale scientific experimentation within government circles. His 'Remarks upon the Neglect of Naval Architecture in Great Britain' were read alongside
577:
Polish historian ƻurawski vel Grajewski has suggested that Owen was suspected as an accomplice to the 1844 escape of eleven Polish soldiers from the Irtysz while it docked at Portsmouth. Over the 1830s and 1840s, the Polish
639:
Owen had a large family with his wife Lydia. The family lived at Swiss Cottage, Southsea, designed by Thomas. His death at 48 left Lydia with ten children to raise. His eldest son, Thomas Edward Owen, a doctor, became
675:
1816 is often regarded as the foundational date of the School, but records show that students were accepted from 1811 onwards. 1816 marks the year in which purpose built facilities to accommodate the students were
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became embroiled in debates over private and common land ownership in a liberated Poland. The public facing debates that captured the local Portsmouth community were far more targeted at British sympathies for
253:âs leadership of the board of public works in Ireland. Unlike many of his brothers who became prominent architects in England and Ireland, Owen chose to follow a career in the navy and Admiralty.
514:
In 1834, a Polish refugee community was founded in Portsmouth after the Marianne, carrying 212 Polish deportees from Prussia, landed there. The appalling conditions they had suffered in Prussian
539:, Henry Craddock, and W.R. Lang. The fact that all had been Owen's contemporaries at the School of Naval Architecture suggests he was also the committee's most active recruiter. His brother
274:
1169:Ć»urawski vel Grajewski, âUcieczka PolakĂłw z rosyjskiego okrÄtu âIrtyszâ w brytyjskim porcie Portsmouth w roku 1844,âActa Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Historica Vol. 67-69 (2002): 66.
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was a leading architect in Ireland. But it revealed the ingrained prejudice within the Navy that the college and School faced in the years leading up to its abolition in 1837.
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to 212 Polish soldiers, members of the first Polish community in Britain, who arrived in Portsmouth in February 1834, after having taken part in the November uprising against
685:
The establishment that eventually became the Royal Naval College and the School for Naval Architecture in 1816 was earlier known as the Royal Naval Academy, founded in 1733
611:, perhaps recalling their own uncertain fate a decade earlier, were not willing to rely on public sympathy and English intervention. Eleven of the imprisoned soldiers were
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The death of his daughter Emily from consumption, also at Woolwich, occurred within a month of Owen's own death, suggesting that a bout of Tuberculosis was also the cause.
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336:
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Peter Brock, âPolish Democrats and English Radicals 1832-1862: A Chapter in the History of Anglo-Polish Relationsâ The Journal of Modern History 25:2 (1953): 139 - 156
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David Evans, Building the Steam Navy Dockyards, Technology and the Creation of the Victorian Battle Fleet, 1830â1906 (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 2004), 30
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remained with him in Portsmouth. The brothers were both involved in the development of Southsea, Thomas becoming mayor of Portsmouth for the first time in 1847.
878:
D K Brown, Before the Ironclad: Development of Ship Design, Propulsion and Armament in the Royal Navy, 1815â1860, London: Conway Maritime Press, (1990), 20â26
943:âAn Apology for English Ship Buildersâ in RFS Blake, Description of Various Plans for the Improvements of Naval Architecture (London: J.W. Norie, 1833), 1â48
493:, Britain's most famed civil engineer of the nineteenth century. Owen resigned in 1831, upon taking up his commission with the Admiralty at Somerset House.
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Jeremiah Owen, H.R. Brandreth, Thomas Lloyd, and James Nasmyth,'Second Report on Iron and Its Uses in the Naval Services of this Country,' 26 February 1846
624:
543:, later mayor of Portsmouth, and James Bennett, another former student of the school, are also listed amongst the committee's members. The plight of the
489:, and presented at the association during its third conference in 1833. He was in the same intake of members to the Institution of Civil Engineers as
659:. Following Owen's death, his wife Lydia returned to Southsea, living in Lainson Lodge, also designed by Thomas Ellis Owen, until her death aged 66.
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became a Portsmouth magistrate on his retirement from active service. Another son, Alfred Lloyd Owen, also a doctor, became a vice-president of the
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Jeremiah Owen, âOn Naval Architecture,â Report of the Annual Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (1833), 430 â 433
887:
H.W. Dickinson, "Joseph Woolley â Pioneer of British Naval Education; 1848â1879,"Education Research and Perspectives, Vol. 34, No. 1, 2007, 3â4
285:. Owen excelled in his chosen field. Graduating in 1825, he become one of the most prominent graduates of the school in the 1830s and 1840s.
470:
1091:
Paul Quinn, 'Wrought Iron's Suitability for Shipbuilding', The Mariner's Mirror 89:4 (2003): 437-461, DOI: 10.1080/00253359.2003.10656875
869:
Karel Davids, Global Ocean of Knowledge, 1660-1860: Globalization and Maritime Knowledge in the Atlantic World (London: Bloomsbury, 2020)
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1002:
Report on the Committee on Dockyard Economy, 14 July 1859 (Appendix to Minutes before the Committee, No. 75 Admiralty 9 July 1846),450
474:
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Report on the Committee on Dockyard Economy, 14 July 1859 (Appendix to Minutes of Evidence before the Committee, No 35 Nov 1858), 379
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John Jacob Howard, 'Arthur Underhill, LLD' Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica, Vol. 5 (London: Hamilton, Adams and Co, 1864), 78-79
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Seweryn Stawiarski, Notatki tyczaÌące sieÌą oswobodzenia w Portsmouth kilkunastu PolakĂłw z okreÌątu rossyiskiego Irtysz (London, 1844)
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Mike Chrimes, âJeremiah Owen fl.1800 â 1850, A Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland, Vol 1, 497
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Edward Milligen Beloe, 'Seppings, Sir Robert (1767 -1840),' Dictionary of National Biography, Volume 51 (London, 1885), 249-251
536:
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245:. Owen was born in London in 1802, and spent his formative years in Portsmouth, where his father held several positions in the
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Rev. Joseph Woolley, âOn the education of Naval Architects,â Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects, vol. 5, 1864
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Rev. Joseph Woolley, "On the education of Naval Architects," Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects, vol. 5, 1864
797:
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383:
371:, launching a counterattack on its authors, who he named as the students and staff of the School. Marryat suggested that Sir
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John R. Hill and Bryan Ranft, The Oxford Illustrated History of the Royal Navy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), 251
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Report of the First and Second Meetings of the British Association for the Advancement of Science to which Owen contributed
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Owen came from a noted family of architects. However, with their departure for Ireland in the 1830s, only his brother
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168:
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M J McDermott, 'Notable Irish architectural families: 7. The Owens,' The Architectural Forum (Dublin), 1982, 96-98
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His turn to metallurgy was assisted by his former mentor at the School of Naval Architecture. In 1831, Professor
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during the first half of the nineteenth century. Owen took part in the debates over the professionalization of
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1228:âThe Founder of Southsea,â Hampshire Notes and Queries, Vol. 1 (Winchester: The Observer Office, 1883), 60-61.
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or by joining the elder Owen's private architectural practice based in Portsmouth, as did his younger brother
269:
Owen's path to becoming a naval architect seems largely to have been accidental. In 1816, when he was 14, the
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M. Kukiel, âGeneza Ludu Polskiego w Anglii: MateriaĆy ĆșrĂłdĆowe. by Peter Brockâ Slavic Review 23 (1964): 753
532:
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112:
896:
Fred M. Walker, Ships and Shipbuilders: Pioneers of Design and Construction (Barnsley: Pen and Sword, 2010)
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250:
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Frederick Marryat, âThe School of Naval Architecture,â Metropolitan Magazine, Vol 8 Number 31 Nov 1833
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This attack on the college and school, which eventually led to their closures in 1837, traded on the
217:
in the 1830s. He his chiefly known for his scientific work on metals in the design of naval vessels.
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Whig reforms of the Royal Navy which would bring about the dismissal of the eminent naval architect
1237:
Robert Henry Mair, The School Boards: Our Educational Parliaments (London: Dean and Son: 1872), 332
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1291:"Memorials and Monuments in St Judes Church, Portsmouth (Jeremiah, Emily & Catherine Owen)"
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Peter Brock, âThe Birth of Polish Socialism,â Journal of Central European Affairs 13 (1953):215
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Peter Brock, Geneza Ludu Polskiego w Anglii: materiaĆy zrĂłdĆowe (Warsaw: Swiderski, 1962),159
833:
Sue Pike, Thomas Ellis Owen: Shaper of Portsmouth, 'Father of Southsea' (Tricorn Books, 2010)
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603:. But when a Russian ship landed in Portsmouth carrying Polish soldiers bound for exile in
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30:
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237:, the Professor of Anatomy and President of the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh
1248:"Memorials and Monuments in St Judes Church, Portsmouth (Colonel Charles Lanyon Owen)"
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433:
1349:
http://www.willcalendars.nationalarchives.ie/reels/cwa/005014890/005014890_00654.pdf
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and his wife Mary Underhill, through whom he was related to the mystic and pacifist
515:
214:
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595:
197:(22 February 1802 â 2 August 1850) was a mathematician, naval architect and Chief
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Lord Eslington, Select Committee on Chain Cables and Anchors Bill, 25 June 1874
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notes that Owen was one of the most active members of the committee along with
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in the 1820s and 1830s as to the institutions' utility to the Royal Navy.
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604:
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Kentish Mercury, 28 July 1849, 3; Daily News (London), 23 July 1849, 6
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Dover Telegraph and Cinque Ports General Advertiser, 17 August 1850, 2
1316:"Memorials and Monuments in St Judes Church, Portsmouth (Lydia Owen)"
51:
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Swiss Cottage, Jeremiah and Lydia Owen's family home from the 1830s
348:
Contribution to debate over scientific method in naval architecture
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former salary. Within the next decade, Owen's close associates,
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Jeremiah Owen was the eldest son of the architect and engineer
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was founded, followed four years later by the re-established
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was established at the Portsmouth Naval Base as part of the
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embroiled in an ever more wounding political assault from
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Royal Naval College and the School for Naval Architecture
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before becoming principal architect and engineer, under
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Such was the notoriety of the pamphlet, that Captain
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487:British Association for the Advancement of Science
355:British Association for the Advancement of Science
337:British Association for the Advancement of Science
505:Polish Refugee Memorial - Soldiers of Gdansk 1834
1119:1829 Institution of Civil Engineers: New Members
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551:whose intervention helped secure their eventual
289:Debate over professionalising naval architecture
424:Owen was based at Somerset House from the 1830s
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416:Membership in Admiralty scientific committees
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752:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1153:"Polish Memorial - Soldiers of Gdansk 1834"
1068:"James Nasmyth: Engineer, An Autobiography"
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798:1816 - School of Naval Architecture Opened
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1280:âAlfred Lloyd Owen,â Br Med J 1907;2:238
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1034:"The Engineer 1868/01/24 - Graces Guide"
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961:London Evening Standard, 26 June 1846, 3
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749:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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213:and was active in campaigns for Polish
1271:Morning Advertiser, 20 October 1865, 6
1205:Hampshire Advertiser, 10 February 1844
1196:Hampshire Telegraph, 10 February 1844
559:Commemoration of 1834 relief campaign
471:Royal Institution of Naval Architects
7:
993:Kentish Independent, 27 June 1846, 4
743:"Owen, Jacob (1778â1870), architect"
310:Contribution to the Seppings debate
475:Royal School of Naval Architecture
14:
241:, and the jurist and author, Sir
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440:Later career and premature death
184:
1320:www.memorialsinportsmouth.co.uk
1295:www.memorialsinportsmouth.co.uk
1252:www.memorialsinportsmouth.co.uk
746:. In O'Dwyer, Frederick (ed.).
607:in 1844, members of the Polish
335:. At the second meeting of the
1339:St Judes Church - Lydia Owen,]
510:Response to the Marianne, 1834
485:Owen was a life member of the
1:
644:. His second eldest son, Col
773:UK public library membership
586:intellectual melting pot of
573:Response to the Irtysz, 1844
497:Polish relief committee work
271:School of Naval Architecture
80:School of Naval Architecture
16:British engineer (1802â1850)
653:British Medical Association
547:soon drew the attention of
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368:The Metropolitan Magazine
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28:
1394:British naval architects
481:Professional memberships
403:Metallurgist to the Navy
239:Charles Edward Underhill
127:(great-great-grandson),
740:Porter, Bertha (2004).
113:Joseph Butterworth Owen
1409:Human rights activists
1404:People from Portsmouth
758:10.1093/ref:odnb/21011
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457:went on to design the
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119:(brother-in-law), Sir
1399:British metallurgists
1371:at Wikimedia Commons
1038:www.gracesguide.co.uk
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365:wrote a rejoinder in
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609:expatriate community
382:Like his classmate,
328:Surveyor of the Navy
646:Charles Lanyon Owen
569:for that liberty.â
275:Royal Naval College
125:Baron Temple-Morris
1072:/www.gutenberg.org
906:Murray, 1833), 597
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601:Polish nationalism
549:Lord Dudley Stuart
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373:Thomas Byam Martin
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207:naval architecture
151:Naval architecture
137:Engineering career
123:(great grandson),
121:Owen Temple-Morris
117:Sir Charles Lanyon
1367:Media related to
771:(Subscription or
634:Thomas Ellis Owen
541:Thomas Ellis Owen
522:and their forced
520:November uprising
363:Frederick Marryat
283:Thomas Ellis Owen
251:John Fox Burgoyne
235:Francis Underhill
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147:Civil engineering
109:Thomas Ellis Owen
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243:Arthur Underhill
231:Evelyn Underhill
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131:(great-grandson)
129:David Lloyd Owen
100:, Mary Underhill
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531:. Historian
516:labour camps
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215:human rights
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161:Institutions
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65:(1850-08-02)
1389:1850 deaths
1384:1802 births
657:Isaac Watts
533:Peter Brock
524:deportation
451:Isaac Watts
409:James Inman
388:meritocracy
115:(brother),
111:(brother),
1378:Categories
775:required.)
702:References
676:completed.
592:communists
588:socialists
227:Jacob Owen
221:Early life
211:Royal Navy
165:Royal Navy
155:Metallurgy
143:Discipline
98:Jacob Owen
86:Occupation
44:1802-02-22
583:committee
545:deportees
477:in 1864.
428:Based in
257:Education
233:, Bishop
203:Admiralty
179:Signature
169:Admiralty
105:Relatives
94:Parent(s)
76:Education
54:, England
613:smuggled
529:refugees
89:Engineer
1325:Dec 18,
1300:Dec 18,
1257:Dec 18,
1077:Dec 18,
1043:Dec 18,
763:Dec 18,
605:Siberia
596:émigrés
594:as the
566:Tzarist
460:Warrior
209:in the
201:to the
769:
580:relief
553:asylum
394:Career
377:father
303:belief
70:London
52:London
663:Notes
296:Whigs
1327:2022
1302:2022
1259:2022
1079:2022
1045:2022
765:2022
590:and
453:and
60:Died
38:Born
916:597
754:doi
326:as
1380::
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1210:^
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710:^
649:CB
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819:4
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756::
46:)
42:(
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