532:; John Rowland; Hiram Taylor, a musician who joined John McClure and went to Oregon; Albert Toomes, a carpenter who received a land grant in Tehama County; Lorenzo Trujillo, who founded the erstwhile colony of San Salvador north of present-day Riverside; Juan Manuel Vaca, for whom the town of Vacaville was named; Francisco Esteban Vigil and his trade caravan, which left the others early and arrived in Los Angeles several days before the main party; Benjamin Davis Wilson, who became a San Gabriel Valley rancher and politician, and for whom Mt. Wilson was named; and
245:. His representative, William G. Dryden, named Rowland and Workman as agents of the Texas government in New Mexico. They were soon replaced and may have had little, if any, active role in promoting the scheme. Still, the two men decided to leave New Mexico, because the annexation scheme developed as an outright invasion from Texas, albeit a poorly planned and executed one that failed miserably.
338:. He also had submitted one of the two reports to Congress about the viability of California private land claims. Halleck's 1865 response was brief, but to the point: "hire a lawyer and give him plenty of money." This Rowland did, hiring attorney Henry Beard, who prepared a published synopsis of the land claim in 1866 and who was successful in securing the patent.
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Taos-based revolt seized the government of New Mexico. Ultimately unsuccessful, the rebels had made locals swear loyalty to them. The new governor, Manuel Armijo, was in office when
Rowland and Workman were arrested for smuggling, which was a fairly common activity. Their arrest may have been retribution for their feigned loyalty to the
561:, Docket 160 (Expediente 385) La Puente: California Private Land Claims, Records of the General Land Office. Records Group 29: Records of the Bureau of the Census. Publication No. T910, Roll 9, pp. 31–32. Alvarado's Marginal Order dated January 14, 1842 calls for a deseňo or map to be made to document the boundaries, p. 32.
163:
rather than specific birth and death dates. Most census records from 1850 and later in
California indicate a later than 1790 birth and differing birthplace: southeastern Pennsylvania (Census 1850/1851: 52 years old), across the river from Cecil County, Maryland (Censuses 1860: 62 years old and 1870: 68 years old).
372:
through his namesake great-grandson, John
Rowland IV, still own more than one hundred acres in the City of Industry and Rowland Heights, which are leased for commercial purposes. , A ranch house (ca. 1900), an older barn, and a later dwelling were razed for commercial development that has not yet taken place.
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to manufacture "Taos lightning." This was a whisky popular with fur trappers who wintered in town after a long spring, summer and fall period of trapping in the wild. Rowland and
Workman were associated with several political events that may have prompted their move to Alta California. For example, a
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or
Pennsylvania, depending upon which reference is accepted. Some historians have questioned whether "Albert" was his middle name, as he never used it on official or legal documents. His birthdate is uncertain, as his tombstone indicated his age at death (82 years), which was not an unusual practice,
528:; Thomas Lindsay, a mineralogist who became the first settler in the future city of Stockton; John H. Lyman, a physician who returned east; John McClure, who joined Jacob Leese on his 1843 expedition to the Willamette Valley in Oregon; Juan Felipe Pena, who partnered with Vaca and built the historic
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people of mostly Indian heritage), some 25 in number, about half of whom were women and children", joined the party shortly after leaving Santa Fe. Others included "young men, who made the long journey mainly through motives of curiosity and love of adventure, having no definite object in view." At
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U.S. Censuses: 1850-Los
Angeles County, California, dated February 12, 1851, Dwelling 405/Family 405; 1860–Elmonte Township, Los Angeles County, California, dated July 20, 1860, Dwelling 164/Family 155; 1870–El Monte Township, Los Angeles County, California, dated July 24, 1870, Dwelling 340/Family
313:
In 1847, Rowland built the first private grist mill in the Los
Angeles region, not far east of his home. Rowland exhibited a sheave of wheat at a California State Fair in the early 1850s, suggesting that he was doing well with his cattle, crops, orchards and vineyards. Rowland and Workman both sold
325:
Rowland and
Workman informally divided the grant in about 1851, with Rowland taking about 29,000-acre (117 km) in the east portion and Workman receiving the 20,000-acre (81 km) western part. In 1867 they received a US patent for their land, resulting from a 15-year protracted struggle to
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Possibly with the grant preliminarily secured, Workman remained at La Puente while
Rowland returned to New Mexico in April 1842, to retrieve his family. They and other immigrants traveled to California and arrived in December of that same year at Los Angeles in December By the next summer, Rowland
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Although the expedition has often been referred to as an "American wagon train," the Old
Spanish Trail never could accommodate wagons. More importantly, the group included European immigrants and New Mexicans, the latter of whom had predominately Native American ancestry. According to Workman and
309:
It is not known whether Workman's questionable political reputation in New Mexico was known in California, or he came under suspicion because of his British ancestry. He did not challenge the 1842 title. At the time, the British were trying to extend their Pacific coast territory south into Alta
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In 1845 Rowland had his original grant petition of 1842 extended to encompass 48,790-acre (197 km). In July 1845 the grant passed judicial confirmation status, making the grant permanent in the names of both Rowland and Workman. The California Commission records do not support that Workman
371:
In the 1880s, the railroad boom towns of Puente and Covina were created on the Rowland portion of the rancho. Oil was discovered in the Puente Hills on a section left to youngest son, William R. Rowland, who formed the Puente Oil Company, which became highly successful. Today, heirs of Rowland
439:, adjacent to the Hacienda-La Puente Unified School District headquarters. The Rowland House is owned by the Historical Society of La Puente Valley, which began initial restoration efforts in 2009. It planned to start some public programs there late in 2010.
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received documentation in 1842 supporting his rights to any part of the grant with Rowland before the 1845 confirmation. The first petition and title refer to "he" or "Roland", whereas the judicial title version of the grant refers to "they."
658:
A letter in the Cornelious Cole Collection at the University of California, Los Angeles may concern some part of the confirmation process for private land claims, since Cole served in both the House of Representatives and Senate during this
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Rowland retained most of his La Puente holdings until his death, after which the tract was divided among his second wife and his children. Upon the death of the second Mrs. Rowland, estate distribution was reportedly complicated.
524:; The first or exploratory expedition included the following: Jacob Frankfort, the first Jewish resident of Los Angeles, who later moved to San Francisco; William Knight, who established Knight’s Ferry and Knight’s Landing on the
627:
Water was so important to the functioning of the land that a Rowland family member in the late 1800s sued a landowner of former Rancho La Puente land who intended to gather water in the McClintock Tunnel, bypassing the San Jose
260:. The arid environment of the trail was known, so this trip was made in the Fall when there was grazing for the animals, as well as watering places. The size of the caravan probably helped it avoid Native American attack.
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part of their grape crops to winemakers Kohler and Frohling. By the early 1860s, when a touring correspondent visited Workman's place, he described seeing numerous cattle and horses, as well as vineyards and orchards.
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In early 1842, Rowland (usually referred to as "John Roland" or "Juan Roland" in the land grant records) petitioned in his name alone for a land grant and received preliminary possession of the 11,740-acre (48 km)
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In 1852, Rowland married Charlotte M. Gray, a widow with three children from her first marriage to the late John B. Gray. Rowland and Charlotte had a daughter, Mary Agnes Gray Rowland. She married General
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ran through the Rowland-Workman land grant. Rowland could transition from the boom of supplying the 1849 Gold Rush to a livestock-based agrarian economy. He also grew all types of fruits and vegetables.
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constructed an adobe home about a mile east of Workman's, which had been built in 1842. They set about improving the land as stipulated in the grant, and probably engaging in the hide and tallow trade.
729:
Donald E. Rowland, "John Rowland and William Workman: Southern California Pioneers of 1841," Los Angeles and Spokane: Historical Society of Southern California and Arthur H. Clark Company, 1999
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Nothing more is found about the Mexican land grant until shortly after 1845, when the two participated in the action that ousted the last Mexican governor born outside California in favor of a
248:
Before the Texans straggled into New Mexico and were routed, Rowland and Workman, along with about two dozen other Americans and Europeans, had left New Mexico for California via the
435:, built in 1855 for Rowland's second wife Charlotte, is the oldest surviving brick structure in southern California. It is located on Gale Avenue just inside the boundary of the
178:. They traveled westward along a route used by many migrants from the Eastern states in the first decade or two of the century. As a young man, Rowland presumably followed the
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California Ranchos and Farms, 1846-1862, Including the letters of John Quincy Adams Warren of 1861, Being Largely Devoted to Livestock, Wheat Farming, Fruit Raising ....
213:, he worked as a fur trapper for a time. Later he operated a flour mill. In 1825, he became a naturalized Mexican citizen, before he married María Encarnación Martínez.
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Sources differ as to several aspects of the early life of John Albert Rowland (April 15, 1791–October 13, 1873). His birthplace is believed to have been either in
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before it became part of the United States. Born in Maryland, Rowland moved west with his family to Ohio. As a young man, he immigrated to the Mexican territory of
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123:. There he became a naturalized Mexican citizen and married María Encarnación Martínez, his first wife. (She lived to 1851, after which he married again.)
420:
605:
Part Two: Commercial Winemaking Explodes in Los Angeles (1850s – 1860s). ucanr.org/blogs/blogcore/postdetail.cfm?postnum=4284. Viewed December 12, 2012.
334:, who had served as California Secretary of State, for advice on obtaining his patent. Halleck had been the Union Army Chief of Staff under President
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John and Encarnación Rowland had ten children together. Encarnación Rowland died in 1851. Two of their sons, John and Thomas, married daughters of
536:. Also with them were a gunsmith, surveyor, tailor, blacksmith, cooper, and a minister en route to China. A party of "Nuevo Mexicanos, probably
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The Oregon Treaty between the US and Britain, establishing the northwestern boundary with Canada, was not signed until 1846. Harlow, Neal.
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294:. Workman, as captain, and Rowland, as lieutenant, were involved in February 1845 by leading a contingent of Californios who helped
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400:. He became president of the Puente Oil Company after 1885, when he found oil on his land in the Puente Hills after 1885.
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Paul R. Spitzzeri, "The Workman and Temple Families of Southern California, 1830–1930," Dallas: Seligson Publishing, 2008.
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November 11, 1896, Part II, p. 9: "The Rowland Estate. Two Marriages, Deaths and a Deed Complicate Distribution."
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California before the United States gained the territory in 1848 and later admitted California into the Union.
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announced plans to peaceably annex all territory to the Rio Grande, including all the principal towns of
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in early September 1841. On September 6, 1841, some 25 New Mexican immigrants joined the group and left
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His name survives in other places: Just east of Hacienda Heights is the unincorporated community of
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April 26, 1879, p. 4; dated June 23, 1868 and recorded June 25, 1868, Book 10 of Deeds, p. 39.
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families. One son discovered oil on his land and became president of an oil company in 1885.
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passed legislation regarding the stealing of mules that were sold in New Mexico and Mexico.
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http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GScid=1643835&GRid=7864244&
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by John Steven McGroarty, American Historical Society; Arcadia Publishing, 1921, p. 77.
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in 1846. Rowland also claimed eleven square leagues, situated at the confluence of the
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Laying the Foundation: How Los Angeles Became the Commercial Wine Capital of America;
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United States. District Court (California : Northern District) Land Case 103 ND
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United States. District Court (California : Northern District) Land Case 221 ND
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by Barbara Ann Hall, Covina Valley Historical Society; Arcadia Publishing, 2007,
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186:. From there, he would have traveled along the Missouri River to the town of
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Need reference from Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley.
142:, the oldest brick house in Southern California, has been preserved in the
740:
County of Los Angeles Public Library, La Puente Valley, Community History
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Rowland was said to have been trained as a surveyor, but when he moved to
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http://www.pablostories.com/content/files/folkhistory_samplechapter01.pdf
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others, the second so-called Workman-Rowland Party arrived in southern
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In Taos, Rowland became friends and eventually a business partner with
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The Adobes of Rancho La Puente – Historic Adobes of Los Angeles County
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At an early date in the 19th century, the Rowland family migrated to
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at the western edge of the United States. In 1823, using the new
396:, and his wife. William R. Rowland served two-terms as elected
581:
California Conquered: War and Peace on the Pacific, 1846–1850.
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Need reference from ayuntamiento proceedings. The Los Angeles
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assume the governorship by force at a battle against Governor
392:, married Manuelita, a daughter of Isaac Williams, owner of
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A deed of partition was not officially recorded until 1868.
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is named for John A. Rowland, as are some area schools. The
363:, granted by Pío Pico in 1846, but the claim was rejected.
618:
Madison, WI: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1967.
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Wagons West: The Epic Story of America's Overland Trails
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and Rowland Elementary School are also named after him.
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its peak, the traveling party totaled about 65 people.
206:). Mexico had gained independence from Spain in 1821.
111:, was an American-Mexican settler and ranchero in the
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John Rowland died in October 1873. He is interred at
694:,U.S. Supreme Court, 74 U.S. 7 Wall. 743 743 (1868)
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637:Docket 160 (Expediente 385) La Puente, pp. 83–101.
16:Nineteenth-century ranchero in Southern California
570:Docket 160 (Expediente 385) La Puente, pp. 41–42.
583:University of California Press: Berkeley, 1982.
326:legitimize their land claim as required by the
126:They moved with their children in the 1840s to
557:Undated petition from John Roland to Governor
98:María Encarnación Martínez, Charlotte M. Gray
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795:Naturalized citizens of Mexican California
785:People from Los Angeles County, California
717:Los Angeles, from the Mountains to the Sea
421:Workman and Temple Family Homestead Museum
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780:History of Los Angeles County, California
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328:1851 California private land claims act
182:to the Mississippi, and then south to
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408:, who later founded the community of
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750:La Puente Valley Historical Society
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825:American emigrants to Mexico
758:El Campo Santo Cemetery] at
437:City of Industry, California
69:City of Industry, California
614:Warren, John Quincy Adams.
448:John A. Rowland High School
136:Rowland Heights, California
90:settler and major landowner
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394:Rancho Santa Ana del Chino
50:October 13, 1873 (aged 82)
647:Daily Los Angeles Herald,
386:Rancho Cañón de Santa Ana
347:and Rowland were granted
202:, (now the U.S. state of
272:Land grants and ranching
121:Santa Fe de Nuevo México
790:People from Los Angeles
692:Roland v. United States
452:West Covina, California
417:El Campo Santo Cemetery
268:, on November 5, 1841.
172:Wheeling, West Virginia
65:El Campo Santo Cemetery
775:History of Los Angeles
559:Juan Bautista Alvarado
398:Sheriff of Los Angeles
433:John A. Rowland House
330:. Rowland contacted
217:Workman-Rowland Party
194:, he migrated to the
140:John A. Rowland House
450:. Rowland Avenue in
384:and his wife of the
211:San Fernando de Taos
815:California pioneers
512:Frank McLynn, 2004,
300:Manuel Micheltorena
254:Abiquiú, New Mexico
168:Morgan County, Ohio
23:John Albert Rowland
800:San Gabriel Valley
705:Los Angeles Times,
390:William R. Rowland
113:San Gabriel Valley
88:San Gabriel Valley
522:978-0-8021-4063-0
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530:Pena Adobe
458:References
291:Californio
243:New Mexico
237:president
204:New Mexico
180:Ohio River
150:Early life
132:Californio
117:California
538:genizaros
233:In 1840,
184:St. Louis
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353:Pío Pico
296:Pio Pico
258:Santa Fe
230:revolt.
188:Franklin
160:Maryland
40:Maryland
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228:Taoseño
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628:Creek.
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