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493:, who for years had guided the foreign relations of the country with ability and prudence, remained also his councilor, but his open and impulsive nature often led him to disregard the propositions of his more experienced adviser, so that the country was in frequent danger, especially as John Frederick was not a far-sighted politician.
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promoted the compilation of the Jena edition. At the
Elector's Schloss Hartenfels at Torgau, he constructed a chapel specifically designed to be a Lutheran place of worship and invited Martin Luther to deliver the inaugural sermon. The influence of Lutheranism at John Frederick's court is also visible in the translation by
829:
The sudden attack upon the emperor by
Elector Maurice made an end of John Frederick's imprisonment, and he was released on 1 September 1552. He firmly refused to bind himself to comply in matters of religion with the decisions of a future council or diet, declaring that he was resolved to adhere
427:
was first issued against the
Reformer, and showing himself a convinced adherent of Luther. He carefully observed the development of the reformatory movement. He read Luther's writings, urged the printing of the first complete (Wittenberg) edition of his works, and in the latter years of his life
520:, because he was convinced that it would only serve "for the preservation of the papal and anti-Christian rule"; but to be prepared for any event, he requested Luther to summarize all articles to which he would adhere before a council, and Luther wrote the
420:'s friend and advisor and thus, through Spalatin's schooling, John Frederick developed a devotion to the teachings of Luther. His knowledge of history was comprehensive, and his library, which extended over all sciences, was one of the largest in Germany.
652:, 24 April 1547, went against him and dispersed his army. He received a slashing wound to the left side of his face, leaving him with a disfiguring scar from his lower eye socket down his cheek. He was taken prisoner by Charles V and sent into exile in
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to suit both parties, and Luther, his steady adviser, confirmed him in his aversion. The efforts at agreement failed, and the elector contributed not a little to broaden the gulf by his interference in the ecclesiastical affairs of
990:
The New Schaff-Herzog
Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge: Embracing Biblical, Historical, Doctrinal, and Practical Theology and Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Biography from the Earliest Times to the Present
461:
induced him after the diet to draw up an imperial statute for the
Evangelical estates, which shows that he was more decidedly convinced of the right and duty of defense than his father. He accompanied the latter to the
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compelled him to return. He succeeded in reconquering the larger part of his possessions and repelling
Maurice, but suddenly the emperor hastened north and surprised the elector. The
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625:. John Frederick actually thought that peace had come and continued the ecclesiastical reforms in his country. Even the growing discord among the allies did not disturb him.
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to be embodied in the new recess and acknowledged all innovations which the
Evangelicals had made between 1532 and 1541 because he needed the aid of the Protestants against
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Emperor
Charles V condemned John Frederick to death as a convicted rebel; but, not to lose time in the siege of Wittenberg, which was defended by John Frederick's wife,
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His father introduced him into the political and diplomatic affairs of the time, and he conducted the first negotiations of a treaty with
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broke out in 1546, he marched to the south at the head of his troops, but the unexpected invasion of his country by his cousin Duke
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from interfering and by apparently yielding he succeeded in concealing his true intentions. The elector appeared personally at the
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in 1541 with suspicion and refused to accept the article on justification which had been drawn up under the supervision of
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in 1544. The harmony of the emperor with the
Evangelicals appeared never greater than at that time. He permitted the
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In spite of the warnings of the emperor, of BrĂĽck, and of Luther, he arbitrarily set aside in 1541 the election of
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He cultivated a personal relationship with Luther, beginning to correspond with him in the days when the bull of
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and was active in the proceedings. His attitude did not remain unnoticed, and won him the dislike of
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and reformed the conditions of his country, but died within two years. A special object of his care was the
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In 1532, John Frederick succeeded his father as elector. In the beginning he reigned with his half-brother,
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To save his life, protect his wife and sons, and avert further hostilities, John Frederick conceded the
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Battle of MĂĽhlberg 1547 and imprisonment of Elector John Frederick I of Saxony. Painting from 1630,
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in Kreuzburg and Friedewald. He took an active part in the disturbances caused by the Pack affair (
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902:(b. Torgau, 8 January 1529 – d. as imperial prisoner at Schloss Steyer, Upper Austria, 19 May 1595)
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His homeward journey was a triumphal march. He met his family after an absence of five years at
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he temporarily assumed the reins of government in place of his father. The intrigues of
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He consolidated the Lutheran State Church by the institution of an electoral
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and introduced the Reformation there. Entanglement in other wars hindered
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1063:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 458.
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Castle which he had built as a hunting lodge earlier, and he renamed it
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until his grave to the doctrine contained in the Augsburg Confession.
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1008: This article incorporates text from a publication in the
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John Ernest (b. Weimar, 5 January 1535 – d. Weimar, 11 January 1535)
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as bishop, and introduced the Reformation. In 1542 he expelled Duke
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Life of John Frederick of Saxony:The return 1552 and his last years
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814:
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409:. His mother died fourteen days after his birth, on 12 July 1503.
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F. von Bezold, Geschichte der deutschen Reformation. Berlin, 1886
734:, he did not execute the sentence and entered into negotiations.
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and by aiding the Reformation which had been introduced there by
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956:
Krömmelbein, Thomas (1987). "Veit Warbeck und die kurzweilige
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416:, whom he highly esteemed during his whole life. Spalatin was
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A. Beck, Johann Friedrich der Mittlere, 2 vols., Weimar, 1858
921:(1554–1565) (b. Torgau, 16 January 1538 – d. Jena, 31 October
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in 1537 the council was refused, and the elector treated the
1020:(third ed.). London and New York: Funk and Wagnalls.
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Zeitschrift fĂĽr deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur
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Prince Frederick, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights
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New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge
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with open disregard and rejected the propositions of
908:(b. Torgau, 11 March 1530 – d. Weimar, 2 March 1573)
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1946:Converts to Lutheranism from Roman Catholicism
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561:He followed the efforts at agreement at the
1087:A Prince's Response to the Augsburg Interim
783:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
698:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
412:John Frederick received his education from
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875:on 9 February 1527 John Frederick married
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994:. Funk and Wagnalls Company. p. 212.
803:Learn how and when to remove this message
718:Learn how and when to remove this message
259:, Electorate of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
1668:Friedrich Christian, Margrave of Meissen
43:This article includes a list of general
1548:Clemens Wenceslaus, Archbishop of Trier
948:
1346:Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Saxony
1090:, translated by Nathaniel J. Biebert (
1034:
1023:
1014:Jackson, Samuel Macauley, ed. (1914).
864:Double portrait of John Frederick and
300:John Frederick III, Duke of Saxe-Gotha
844:He removed the seat of government to
401:John Frederick was the eldest son of
7:
1107:John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
824:Deutsches Historisches Museum Berlin
781:adding citations to reliable sources
696:adding citations to reliable sources
198:16 August 1532 – 24 April 1547
128:16 August 1532 – 24 April 1547
1258:William III, Landgrave of Thuringia
27:Elector of Saxony from 1532 to 1547
1689:Maria Emanuel, Margrave of Meissen
163:24 April 1547 – 3 March 1554
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1341:John, Hereditary Prince of Saxony
958:Historia von der schönen Magelone
906:John William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
900:John Frederick II, Duke of Saxony
599:Henry V of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
486:, but in 1542 became sole ruler.
296:John William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar
292:John Frederick II, Duke of Saxony
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18:John Frederick I, Duke of Saxony
1300:Ernest, Archbishop of Magdeburg
841:("Palace of Happy Returning").
1305:Albert, Administrator of Mainz
839:Schloss Froehliche Wiederkunft
619:Regensburg declaration of 1541
407:Sophie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
335:Sophie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
1:
1663:Georg, Crown Prince of Saxony
1454:Christian I of Saxe-Merseburg
960:by GmĂĽnder Volkshochschule".
466:in 1530, signed with him the
1449:Augustus of Saxe-Weissenfels
506:Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse
389:(1532–1547) and head of the
1694:Albert, Margrave of Meissen
891:as the fourth wife of King
1982:
739:Capitulation of Wittenberg
432:of the French romance the
269:St. Peter und Paul, Weimar
1931:Prince-electors of Saxony
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1538:Charles, Duke of Courland
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1054:"John Frederick I."
593:, and instead instituted
555:Lucas Cranach the Younger
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1574:Maximilian, Crown Prince
1074:Biography on WHKLMA site
881:John III, Duke of Cleves
634:German Historical Museum
563:conference of Regensburg
1747:of Poland and Lithuania
1543:Albert, Duke of Teschen
1060:Encyclopædia Britannica
536:, the imperial legate.
403:John, Elector of Saxony
325:John, Elector of Saxony
110:Lucas Cranach the Elder
64:more precise citations.
1910:Frederick Augustus III
1632:Frederick Augustus III
987:Hauck, Albert (1910).
895:. They had four sons:
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189:Landgrave of Thuringia
1900:Frederick Augustus II
1673:Prince Ernst Heinrich
1590:Frederick Augustus II
1533:Prince Francis Xavier
1512:Frederick Augustus II
1459:Maurice of Saxe-Zeitz
863:
818:
631:
542:
516:to support calling a
455:diet of Speyer (1529)
1895:Frederick Augustus I
1564:Frederick Augustus I
1496:Frederick Augustus I
777:improve this section
692:improve this section
595:Nicolaus von Amsdorf
526:Diet of Schmalkalden
237:Electorate of Saxony
1905:Frederick Christian
1637:Prince Johann Georg
1528:Frederick Christian
1092:Red Brick Parsonage
856:Marriage and family
522:Schmalkald Articles
502:Schmalkaldic League
468:Augsburg Confession
405:by his first wife,
391:Schmalkaldic League
1951:People from Torgau
1789:Electors of Saxony
1397:John Frederick III
919:Duke of Saxe-Gotha
915:John Frederick III
887:, who was briefly
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850:University of Jena
827:
650:Battle of MĂĽhlberg
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591:bishop of Naumburg
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544:Hunt in Honour of
459:Archduke Ferdinand
453:During the second
448:John the Steadfast
377:– 3 March 1554 in
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1642:Prince Maximilian
1387:John Frederick II
1238:Elector of Saxony
1224:Princes of Saxony
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1182:Succeeded by
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1033:Missing or empty
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877:Sibylle of Cleves
866:Sibylle of Cleves
822:, painting 1630,
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567:Gasparo Contarini
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677:This section
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418:Martin Luther
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70:November 2022
63:
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53:
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41:
32:
31:
19:
1870:Christian II
1849:
1830:Frederick II
1810:Wenceslaus I
1742:
1418:Christian II
1350:
1253:Frederick II
1173:
1146:
1127:3 March 1554
1124:
1120:30 June 1503
1117:
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1085:
1080:Translations
1058:
1035:|title=
1015:
989:
982:
968:(2): 67–69.
965:
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828:
819:
799:
793:October 2021
790:
775:Please help
763:
736:
729:
714:
708:October 2021
705:
690:Please help
678:
639:
584:
576:Justus Jonas
560:
543:
530:papal legate
495:
491:Gregor BrĂĽck
488:
481:
452:
444:
438:
433:
430:Veit Warbeck
422:
411:
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370:
369:
252:(1554-03-03)
250:3 March 1554
230:30 June 1503
108:Portrait by
91:
76:
67:
48:
1966:1554 deaths
1961:1503 births
1865:Christian I
1825:Frederick I
1402:Christian I
1366:John Ernest
1234:Frederick I
835:Wolfersdorf
510:Clement VII
489:Chancellor
484:John Ernest
397:Early years
352:(1521-1554)
347:(1503-1521)
217:John Ernest
203:Predecessor
168:Predecessor
133:Predecessor
62:introducing
1925:Categories
1820:Albert III
1815:Rudolf III
1279:Albert III
1179:1547–1554
1152:1532–1547
943:References
893:Henry VIII
745:Final days
580:Protestant
498:consistory
385:, was the
381:), called
45:references
1805:Rudolf II
1745:krĂłlewicz
1569:Anthony I
1361:Severinus
764:does not
679:does not
640:When the
607:Brunswick
546:Charles V
524:. At the
472:Charles V
357:Signature
213:Successor
178:Successor
143:Successor
1860:Augustus
1800:Rudolf I
1371:Augustus
1320:Henry IV
1240:in 1423.
1094:, 2015).
974:20657780
929:See also
660:Prisoner
636:, Berlin
514:Paul III
434:Magelone
350:Lutheran
341:Religion
1855:Maurice
1356:Maurice
1168:Maurice
1158:Maurice
1012::
785:removed
770:sources
732:Sybille
700:removed
685:sources
646:Maurice
589:as the
582:cause.
172:Maurice
147:Maurice
58:improve
1835:Ernest
1616:George
1611:Albert
1428:August
1315:George
1274:Ernest
1123:
972:
925:1565)
873:Torgau
846:Weimar
623:France
603:Goslar
557:, 1544
550:Torgau
379:Weimar
375:Torgau
331:Mother
321:Father
312:Wettin
276:Spouse
264:Burial
257:Weimar
233:Torgau
112:, 1531
47:, but
1743:also
1125:Died:
1118:Born:
970:JSTOR
654:Worms
572:Halle
553:, by
441:Hesse
307:House
287:Issue
195:Reign
160:Reign
125:Reign
1845:John
1595:John
1310:John
1141:John
1039:help
768:any
766:cite
683:any
681:cite
605:and
512:and
247:Died
227:Born
207:John
137:John
1236:as
991:Day
966:116
871:In
779:by
694:by
445:see
1927::
1057:.
1030::
1028:}}
1024:{{
964:.
917:,
656:.
474:.
393:.
239:,
235:,
1781:e
1774:t
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54:.
20:)
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