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included the sexual abuse of a servant girl, telling male slaves that they were now free men causing them to allegedly join in the rioting, and the utter decimation of Bibles and testaments, which were destroyed and burned to pieces in a shop. Many of the other allegations against included the plundering of ten stores and nine homes. "The rape served as the ultimate example of
Turchin's failure" to control his own troops. Under the second charge, Turchin failed to conduct himself in a manner expected of an officer and a gentleman. That mattered to General Buell because under "Article 83 conviction meant automatic dismissal from the service and the end of Turchin's military career." A specification added to this charge included a failure to pay the bill at a hotel. The third charge was a failure to obey orders. It was believed that if Turchin were convicted on that charge, it would send a clear message to the officers in the Army of the Ohio and instill discipline and order within the ranks of the army. When the court-martial began, Garfield had been under the impression that Turchin allowed the things that took place at Athens in accordance with Muscovite custom.
729:, but the judges, who clearly thought that Turchin was far too valuable of a fighting commander to be permanently sidelined during wartime, all signed a statement requesting that their superiors overturn the verdict. They stated, "The undersigned members of General-Court-Martial before which was tried Colonel J.B. Turchin, respectfully submit that in view of the fact that the finding of the Court acquits Colonel Turchin of any personal dishonor, and believing that his offenses were committed under exciting circumstances and was one of omission rather than commission, we would respectfully recommend him to the favorable consideration of the Reviewing Officer."
152:
800:
133:
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42:
235:
631:. Frustration had been building among these Union soldiers for weeks over repeated attacks and Buell's clearly stated conciliatory policy of protecting the rights and property of Southerners. The reported involvement of local citizens in the rout at Athens and the humiliation suffered by the Union soldiers led to the sacking of the town when Turchin brought up reinforcements. According to
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Turchin wrote on July 30, 1862, "The more lenient we are to secessionists, the bolder they become and if we do not prosecute this war with vigor, using all the means we possess against the enemy, including the emancipation of the slaves, the ruin of the country is inevitable. The problem before us is
642:
After reoccupying the town on May 2, 1862, Turchin assembled his men and reportedly told them, "I shut my eyes for two hours. I see nothing." He did in fact leave the town to reconnoiter defensive positions, during which time his men ransacked the business district. The incident was controversial.
666:
According to Thomas Lowry, "At the trial, Turchin not only pled innocent, but demanded that the secessionist witnesses against him take the Oath of
Allegiance, arguing that the Athenians were trying to have it both ways: treason towards the United States while invoking the protection of the laws of
650:
On
February 25, 1862, Buell had issued a general order commanding his soldier "to protect the dignity of civilians." As Professor Kastenberg has noted, while Turchin may not have been concerned with the law or war, he certainly was "on notice" of Buell's order. Turchin, according to Kastenberg, had
501:
Intriguingly, in one letter following his emigration, Turchin wrote, "I thank
America for one thing, it helped me get rid of my aristocratic prejudices, and it reduced me to the rank of a mere mortal. I have been reborn. I fear no work; no sphere of business scares me away, and no social position
662:
There were three charges against
Turchin. He was first accused of "neglect of duty." According to the recitations, there were over twenty or so instances in which Turchin supposedly ordered his soldiers to pillage and plunder Athens, Alabama, without any proper restraints to them. Such instances
646:
When word reached
General Buell, a man much detested by the soldiers, he insisted on court-martialing Turchin. The court proceedings received national attention and became a focal point for the debate on the conduct of the war, related to the conciliatory policy as Union casualties in the war
651:
another problem at his court-martial. He requested
Colonel Carter Gazlay to serve as his defense counsel, which was unusual since defense counsel was not a right at the time, and Gazlay faced his own court-martial for theft of army property. Also, as Kastenberg points out, Brigadier General
533:
Historian Thomas Lowry has written of
Turchin, "He used European methods of discipline with his troops, which soon produced an efficient and tightly run fighting unit. It was also a unit that followed the European tradition in that to victors belong the spoils - the losers could expect
1602:
in
Pollard's "The Lost Cause", p. 457 : "The day was shamefully lost. Gen. Bragg attempted to rally the broken troops; he advanced into the fire, and exclaimed, 'Here is your commander,' and was answered with the derisive shouts of an absurd catch-phrase in the army, 'Here's your
756:
Gen. Turchin received a hero's welcome upon his return to
Chicago. Prominent figures called for the removal of Buell and a more aggressive conduct of the war to bring it to a swift end. Turchin was given command of a new brigade. He distinguished himself during the battles of
659:, "I cannot sufficiently give utterance to my horror of the ravages, outrages, that have been committed… this town was, by Col Turchin, given up to pillage." Turchin was ultimately spared an ignominious end because Buell was removed from command for his incompetence.
1001:" and referring to Gen. Turchin's policy of refusing to return runaway slaves who fled to his unit to their former masters) was popular during the war, and its chorus is said to have been sung by retreating Confederate soldiers as a way to mock General
607:
by cutting it off from Confederate reinforcements. Mitchel blocked them from the west by capturing Huntsville. Andrews was to block them from the south by burning bridges on the Western and Atlantic line. Unfortunately, Andrews failed; after the
736:, a deeply formidable woman of great determination and courtly charm, travelled to Washington on her husband's behalf. After obtaining audiences with Secretary of War Edwin Stanton and President Lincoln to recommend her husband's reinstatement,
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and other adherents of the Myth of the Lost Cause as a irredeemably villainous figure for the so-called "Rape of Athens," and Lincoln has traditionally been reviled in the same circles for reversing his court-martial verdict.
1130:
421:
Following his graduation, Turchin was posted to the staff of Imperial Guards in St. Petersburg, under the command of Count F.V. Rudiger. He was promoted to the rank of Colonel and even served on the personal staff of the
401:
in 1852. His father was a Major in the Imperial Russian Army, which gained him entry into schools that led to his eventual military commission. While serving as a lieutenant, he took part in the Russian campaign to help
747:. This invalidated both the court-martial and sentence: an officer could only be tried by those of equal or greater rank, and Turchin now outranked six of the seven members of the court. On August 8, 1862, the
1262:
Bradley, George C. & Richard L. Dahlen, From Conciliation to conquest: The Sack of Athens & the Court-Martial of Colonel John B. Turchin (University of Alabama Press: Tuscaloosa, 2006), pp. 21–22.
1850:
440:
wing of the Imperial Russian Army, "that collected and prepared maps, interrogated citizens, and made lists of supplies, roads, and bridges." During his 1862 court-martial, Turchin complained that the
1234:
Bradley, George C. & Richard L. Dahlen, From Conciliation to conquest: The Sack of Athens & the Court-Martial of Colonel John B. Turchin (University of Alabama Press: Tuscaloosa, 2006), p. 19.
1225:
Bradley, George C. & Richard L. Dahlen, From Conciliation to conquest: The Sack of Athens & the Court-Martial of Colonel John B. Turchin (University of Alabama Press: Tuscaloosa, 2006), p. 18.
1830:
639:, who served as an ad hoc judge advocate, stated "Turchin did not believe that war could be successfully waged by an invading army with its officers and soldiers acting as missionaries of mercy."
612:, all the raiders were captured, and some, including Andrews, were executed. Nonetheless, Mitchell continued to occupy the line westward from Chattanooga throughout much of northern
1835:
338:
promoted Turchin to brigadier general. This immediately invalidated the court-martial and it's verdict, as an officer could only be tried before judges of equal or greater rank.
1865:
1469:
839:
1364:
Joshua E. Kastenberg, Law in War, Law as War: Brigadier General Joseph Holt and the Judge Advocate General’s Department in the Civil War and Early Reconstruction, 231-233
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1815:
1716:
The Nineteenth Illinois: A Memoir of the Regiment of Volunteer Infantry Famous in the Civil War of Fifty Years Ago for Its Drill, Bravery, and Distinguished Services.
1820:
1246:
East, Ernest E. "Lincoln's Russian General", Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, vol. 52, no. 1, Lincoln Sesquicentennial (Spring 1959), pp. 106–122
331:
to reinstate her husband and almost certainly influenced even more so by the court-martial judges' signed request for a reversal of the verdict and sentence,
1860:
1035:
718:
sentimentality towards the vanquished Rebels, who fired on his troops and then retreated to the sanctuary of their parlors to complain of soiled carpets."
470:
The Turchins' reasons for emigration to the United States remain uncertain, but are believed by some scholars to have been connected to a secret belief in
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St. Petersburg, the capital of the Russian Imperial Guard. History of the Guard Division. Structure of troops. Military operations. Notable personalities
527:
1855:
1177:
394:
632:
1113:
889:
Even though his orders were issued in retaliation for illegal civilian warfare against his troops, John Turchin has long been portrayed by
714:. Whether Turchin was cruel, of merely pragmatic, is a task for the philosophers of history. It is obvious that Turchin had little use for
151:
1742:
Treichel, James A. Union Cossack: General John B. Turchin's Career in the American Civil War. Thesis (M.A.), Marquette University, 1962.
1202:
784:, always stood by him and followed her husband on the field during his campaigns, witnessing the battles (as at Chickamauga and at the
1087:
carried a dateline of June 19 from Anna, Illinois, and reported that the general "died last night at the Illinois Southern Hospital".
1688:
1667:
1646:
1625:
1590:
1185:
1147:
1099:
Peterburg – stolica russkoj gvardii. Istorija gvardejskih podrazdelenij. Struktura vojsk. Boevye dejstvija. Vydajushhiesja lichnosti
744:
365:. He resigned from the United States Army for ill health reasons in 1864 and returned to Illinois, where he was a leader within the
198:
1054:
448:
and that he was accordingly, "forced to do such staff work himself, which left him little time to attend to peripheral matters."
1780:
592:
308:
1102:Петербург – столица русской гвардии. История гвардейских подразделений. Структура войск. Боевые действия. Выдающиеся личности
737:
332:
1346:
969:
843:
562:
686:, Turchin's eye viewed the civilian secessionists as traitors, grist for the mills of more hardheaded conquerors such as
1825:
938:
874:
407:
103:
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accordingly wrote, "truly in the lottery matrimonial Col. Turchin had the good fortune to draft an invaluable prize."
502:
will put me down; it makes no difference whether I plow and cart manure or sit in a richly decorated room and discuss
698:. His view might be summarized as: 'If you don't like war, don't start one.' In this, he prefigured the campaigns of
1840:
1487:
1006:
812:
785:
366:
350:
160:
670:
Historian Thomas Lowry has written of Turchin, "What is clear from his thirty-three page defense statement is his
194:
1870:
1066:Украинец Иван Турчин вошел в историю США как один из героев Гражданской войны, спасший жизнь президенту Линкольну
1027:
464:
1317:
1305:
799:
1790:
898:
878:
358:
467:. He Americanised his name to John Basil Turchin and his wife did the same, adopting the name Nadine Turchin.
1764:
1473:
523:
411:
1728:
Mcelligott, Mary Ellen. "A Monotony Full of Sadness": The Diary of Nadine Turchin, May, 1863–April, 1864",
1518:
Mcelligott, Mary Ellen. "A Monotony Full of Sadness": The Diary of Nadine Turchin, May, 1863–April, 1864",
722:
609:
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426:
324:
274:
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437:
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270:
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1805:
934:
851:
791:
Turchin resigned from service in October 1864 after being diagnosed with heatstroke on the campaign.
711:
495:
403:
107:
1406:
From Conciliation to conquest: The Sack of Athens & the Court-Martial of Colonel John B. Turchin
1393:
From Conciliation to conquest: The Sack of Athens & the Court-Martial of Colonel John B. Turchin
1380:
From Conciliation to conquest: The Sack of Athens & the Court-Martial of Colonel John B. Turchin
1083:, June 20, 1901, p. 5; Although numerous books list the date of death as June 19, the report in the
998:
862:
620:
596:
234:
1618:
From Conciliation to Conquest. The Sack of Athens and the Court-Martial of Colonel John B. Turchin
732:
Gen. Buell instead confirmed the verdict and ordered Turchin be dismissed from the army. However,
1733:
1705:
1523:
1247:
906:
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707:
699:
479:
441:
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213:
164:
857:
In 1900, he was awarded a pension under a private pension act approved by Congress. He suffered
619:
The occupation of northern Alabama by this division of the Union Army led to attack by combined
595:. Turchin urged Mitchel to move southward. Mitchel did so, but not because of Turchin. He took
41:
1743:
1719:
1691:
1684:
1670:
1663:
1649:
1642:
1639:
Tales from the North and the South: Twenty-Four Remarkable People and Events of the Civil War.
1628:
1621:
1586:
1181:
1143:
1109:
897:
Turchin's actions at Athens, though, presaged those that other Union commanders, particularly
695:
652:
577:
487:
483:
471:
988:, and many other similarly ungentlemanly acts of warfare to be unleashed behind Union lines.
985:
942:
890:
766:
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511:
455:, the daughter of his commanding officer. Later that year, he and his wife emigrated to the
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382:
362:
259:
247:
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965:
922:
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828:
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628:
335:
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72:
315:
civilians firing upon his troops during their earlier retreat from the town, to unleash
870:
866:
816:
781:
733:
635:
professor Joshua E. Kastenberg, Southern civilians had fired on Turchin's men. General
475:
452:
386:
328:
223:
126:
92:
76:
807:
Turchin returned to Chicago, where he wrote and published two editions of his memoirs
474:
and representative government and possibly also, given his later policy of protecting
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1002:
946:
774:
749:
715:
683:
656:
456:
354:
304:
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138:
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Ivan Vasilyevich Turchaninov in 1867, Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum
1557:
Tarnished Eagles: The Courts-Martial of Fifty Union Colonels and Lieutenant Colonels
1540:
Tarnished Eagles: The Courts-Martial of Fifty Union Colonels and Lieutenant Colonels
1503:
Tarnished Eagles: The Courts-Martial of Fifty Union Colonels and Lieutenant Colonels
1453:
Tarnished Eagles: The Courts-Martial of Fifty Union Colonels and Lieutenant Colonels
1436:
Tarnished Eagles: The Courts-Martial of Fifty Union Colonels and Lieutenant Colonels
1419:
Tarnished Eagles: The Courts-Martial of Fifty Union Colonels and Lieutenant Colonels
1331:
Tarnished Eagles: The Courts-Martial of Fifty Union Colonels and Lieutenant Colonels
1290:
Tarnished Eagles: The Courts-Martial of Fifty Union Colonels and Lieutenant Colonels
1273:
Tarnished Eagles: The Courts-Martial of Fifty Union Colonels and Lieutenant Colonels
486:. If so, these would not have been acceptable positions, particularly following the
349:. He was later one of the first Union commanders to lead his soldiers to the top of
1775:
997:
The Union Army song "Turchin's got your mule" (stemming both from the catchphrase "
926:
687:
491:
254:); December 24, 1822 – June 18, 1901) better known by his Anglicised name of
1164:
981:
522:
Turchin joined the Union army at the outbreak of the war in 1861 and became the
415:
378:
282:
209:
1065:
1055:
Civil War Journal: The Legacies by William C. Davis, Brian Pohanka, Don Troiani
341:
After being reinstated, Turchin led two critical charges that saved the day at
1771:
1017:
290:
168:
1142:] (in Russian). Logos the Scientific and Methodical Center. p. 129.
1704:, Vol. 52, No. 1, Lincoln Sesquicentennial (Spring, 1959), pp. 106–122
902:
703:
691:
671:
507:
503:
423:
316:
266:
188:
17:
702:
against the Southern economy and the assaults on national will seen in the
432:
His military career in Russia, according to Thomas Lowry, was spent in the
1759:
1747:
1695:
1674:
1653:
1632:
1489:
Union Cossack: General John B. Turchin's Career in the American Civil War
958:
950:
835:
679:
576:
in the Army of the Ohio's Third Division, commanded by Brigadier General
558:
554:
550:
1737:
1723:
1709:
1527:
1251:
377:
Ivan Turchin was born on December 24, 1822, or January 30, 1822, into a
954:
820:
624:
613:
573:
539:
535:
460:
312:
293:
286:
1786:
Turchin biography: John Basil Turchin and the Fight to Free the Slaves
580:. Buell advanced southward into Kentucky and Tennessee in early 1862.
353:. He was also praised in dispatches as he served under the command of
1077:"Gen. John B. Turchin Dead – Hero of Wars of Two Nations Passes Away"
788:), and writing the only woman's war diary of the military campaigns.
1781:
From Conciliation to Conquest, the book on the Turchin Court Martial
949:
uprisings against the pro-Union governors of Ohio, Iowa, Minnesota,
846:
and insulting the sacrifices and memory of the Union soldiers who
798:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1785:
721:
Turchin was found guilty of all charges and sentenced him to a
572:. Buell was impressed by Turchin and promoted him to command a
323:". Turchin was found guilty of all charges and sentenced to a
289:, he voluntarily returned to military service and served as a
1395:(University of Alabama Press: Tuscaloosa, 2006), pp. 147–148.
667:
the United States. The court declined to honor his request."
627:
units. One such attack overran one of Turchin's regiments at
490:, for any Russian subject, no matter what their place in the
1583:
All the Daring of the Soldier: Women of the Civil War Armies
909:. They also presaged many of the equally and sometimes even
838:
as part of an ongoing lawsuit, denouncing the design of the
831:. His 295-page study of Chickamauga was published in 1888.
815:
and worked between 1865 and 1872 as a patent solicitor and
777:, praised Turchin's, "soldiery and patriotic" performance.
1408:(University of Alabama Press: Tuscaloosa, 2006), p. 158.
1382:(University of Alabama Press: Tuscaloosa, 2006), p. 147.
964:
Davis' authorisation for total war also resulted in the
1851:
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
1492:. Master's Theses, Marquette University, 1962, p. 103.
761:, for which he dubbed, "the Russian Thunderbolt", and
1831:
United States Army personnel who were court-martialed
961:
in order to bring those States into the Confederacy.
674:
view of warfare. Rather than the courtly fictions of
1572:
East, Ernest E. "Lincoln's Russian General", p. 119.
1660:
John Basil Turchin and the Fight to Free the Slaves
1347:
JOHN BASIL TURCHIN AND THE FIGHT TO FREE THE SLAVES
229:
219:
205:
184:
174:
144:
114:
98:
82:
59:
51:
32:
1166:Istochnikovedcheskie issledovaniya: sbornik statey
840:Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park
273:, and a personal staff officer to the future Tsar
27:Russian-born US Army Civil War general (1822–1901)
1730:Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society
1702:Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society
1520:Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society
974:St Albans, Vermont bank robbery and arson attack
1681:This Terrible Sound: The Battle of Chickamauga.
1169:Источниковедческие исследования: сборник статей
410:. He later served as a Colonel of Staff in the
1732:, Vol. 70, No. 1 (Feb., 1977), pp. 27–89
1585:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1999.
561:, he soon found his unit under the command of
1836:Russian military personnel of the Crimean War
1700:East, Ernest E. "Lincoln's Russian General",
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1203:"John Basil Turchin: The Russian Thunderbolt"
842:, for allegedly favoring the Pro-Confederate
8:
1866:People of Illinois in the American Civil War
1683:Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1992.
1616:Bradley, George C., and Dahlen, Richard L.,
1404:Bradley, George C. & Richard L. Dahlen,
1391:Bradley, George C. & Richard L. Dahlen,
1378:Bradley, George C. & Richard L. Dahlen,
1132:Donskie kazaki 1550–1920: uchebnoye posobiye
510:. I want to earn the right to call myself a
1641:Jefferson, NC.: McFarland & Co., 2007.
1036:List of American Civil War generals (Union)
1174:Source studies: the collection of articles
869:, at the age of 79. He lies buried beside
327:. After listening to the strong urging of
40:
29:
1522:, Vol. 70, No. 1 (Feb., 1977), pp. 27–89
1207:The Late Unpleasantness: A Civil War Blog
1135:Донские казаки 1550–1920: учебное пособие
863:Southern Illinois Hospital for the Insane
819:. In 1873, he helped fellow émigrés from
528:19th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment
1178:State Academic University for Humanities
925:issued verbal orders in 1864 to Captain
1876:War criminals of the American Civil War
1816:American people convicted of war crimes
1242:
1240:
1047:
546:grand. Universal freedom is at stake."
1821:Russian people convicted of war crimes
1140:Don Cossacks 1550–1920: the Guide-book
811:. He became a prominent figure in the
633:University of New Mexico School of Law
1176:] (in Russian). Vol. 2. The
970:conspiracy to burn down New York City
780:Turchin's wife, known in the army as
345:, for which he received the nickname
7:
1005:'s efforts to rally them during the
682:and gracious treatment of professed
1320:, A Journey through Slavic Culture.
1308:, A Journey through Slavic Culture.
1201:Coleman, Christopher (2014-04-04).
913:severe total war tactics, like the
494:, to hold during the reign of Tsar
1861:People from Union County, Illinois
583:When Buell headed west to support
514:of the United States of America."
25:
599:, as part of a plan with the spy
459:, where he eventually settled in
178:1843–1856 (Imperial Russian Army)
1758:
1020:
743:promoted Turchin in mid-July to
444:had as yet no equivalent to the
393:in 1843, and graduated from the
233:
193:
159:
150:
131:
119:
1856:Military personnel from Chicago
1718:(M.A. Donohue & Co., 1912)
921:, particularly after President
506:with the great scholars of the
309:19th Illinois Infantry Regiment
281:. After working as a farmer in
277:, who emigrated in 1856 to the
1:
1637:Casstevens, Frances Harding.
901:, would adopt in prosecuting
369:and lived to a ripe old age.
1791:The Tale of Ivan Turchaninov
1555:Thomas P. Lowry, MD (1997),
1538:Thomas P. Lowry, MD (1997),
1501:Thomas P. Lowry, MD (1997),
1451:Thomas P. Lowry, MD (1997),
1434:Thomas P. Lowry, MD (1997),
1417:Thomas P. Lowry, MD (1997),
1329:Thomas P. Lowry, MD (1997),
1318:The Tale of Ivan Turchaninov
1306:The Tale of Ivan Turchaninov
1288:Thomas P. Lowry, MD (1997),
1271:Thomas P. Lowry, MD (1997),
1108:] (in Russian). Litres.
939:Order of the Sons of Liberty
875:Mound City National Cemetery
834:In 1895, Turchin produced a
678:, with their intimations of
408:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
244:Ivan Vasilyevich Turchaninov
104:Mound City National Cemetery
55:Ivan Vasilyevich Turchaninov
1129:Astapenko, Mikhail (1992).
976:, the conspiracy to commit
482:, to a likely hostility to
285:and a railroad official in
1892:
1007:Battle of Missionary Ridge
861:and died penniless in the
813:Grand Army of the Republic
803:Turchin in his later years
786:Battle of Missionary Ridge
655:wrote to Secretary of War
591:, he left Mitchel to hold
367:Grand Army of the Republic
252:Иван Васильевич Турчанинов
1028:American Civil War portal
465:Illinois Central Railroad
395:Imperial Military Academy
251:
39:
1168:
1134:
1101:
937:; the covert efforts of
899:William Tecumseh Sherman
879:Pulaski County, Illinois
795:Post-war life and legacy
451:In May 1856, he married
359:William Tecumseh Sherman
139:United States of America
1474:Encyclopedia of Alabama
1097:Almazov, Boris (2015).
917:, later adopted by the
568:in the newly organized
347:The Russian Thunderbolt
191:(Imperial Russian Army)
1772:Gen John Basil Turchin
844:Myth of the Lost Cause
804:
723:dishonorable discharge
610:Great Locomotive Chase
325:dishonorable discharge
275:Alexander II of Russia
258:, was a member of the
1767:at Wikimedia Commons
1620:(U of Alabama, 2006)
1081:Chicago Daily Tribune
802:
438:military intelligence
427:Alexander Nikolaevich
391:Imperial Russian Army
373:Early life and career
319:in the 1862 "Sack of
311:, in retaliation for
271:Imperial Russian Army
264:military intelligence
175:Years of service
156:Imperial Russian Army
1581:Leonard, Elizabeth,
1470:"John Basil Turchin"
1163:Gimon, T. V (2004).
935:Northwest Conspiracy
929:to recruit Northern
915:Fort Pillow massacre
852:Chickamauga Campaign
496:Nicholas I of Russia
404:Emperor Franz Joseph
108:Mound City, Illinois
1826:Union Army generals
1658:Chicoine, Stephen,
1486:Treichel, James A.
769:, during which his
597:Huntsville, Alabama
463:and worked for the
1714:Haynie, J. Henry.
1476:. August 18, 2008.
992:In popular culture
907:Confederate States
805:
771:commanding officer
727:United States Army
704:bombings of London
700:William T. Sherman
480:American Civil War
442:United States Army
414:and fought in the
298:American Civil War
256:John Basil Turchin
214:American Civil War
165:United States Army
1841:American Cossacks
1763:Media related to
1115:978-5-457-87988-1
745:brigadier general
696:Ivan the Terrible
578:Ormsby M. Mitchel
488:Decembrist revolt
484:serfdom in Russia
472:liberal democracy
389:. He entered the
307:for allowing the
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199:Brigadier General
16:(Redirected from
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1679:Cozzens, Peter.
1662:(Praeger, 2003)
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984:masterminded by
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891:Neo-Confederates
850:fell during the
809:Military Rambles
767:Atlanta Campaign
676:Sir Walter Scott
623:and Confederate
601:James J. Andrews
589:Battle of Shiloh
570:Army of the Ohio
566:Don Carlos Buell
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825:Polish-American
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741:Abraham Lincoln
629:Athens, Alabama
549:Having led his
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734:Madame Turchin
684:non-combatants
653:James Garfield
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412:Russian Guards
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381:family of the
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19:
1846:Don Cossacks
1776:Find a Grave
1765:Ivan Turchin
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1210:. Retrieved
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963:
927:Thomas Hines
918:
910:
905:against the
896:
888:
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847:
833:
808:
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790:
779:
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748:
731:
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688:Genghis Khan
669:
665:
661:
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582:
548:
544:
532:
521:
500:
492:class system
469:
450:
446:"État Major"
445:
434:"État Major"
433:
431:
420:
376:
346:
340:
302:
255:
243:
242:
206:Battles/wars
88:(1901-06-18)
18:John Turchin
1811:1901 deaths
1806:1822 births
982:Great Lakes
931:Copperheads
919:Confederacy
763:Chattanooga
759:Chickamauga
605:Chattanooga
603:to capture
478:during the
436:, an early
416:Crimean War
406:defeat the
379:Don Cossack
361:during the
343:Chickamauga
296:during the
283:Long Island
210:Crimean War
201:(U.S. Army)
1800:Categories
1611:References
1212:2016-08-07
945:to launch
827:colony in
647:mounted.
291:Union Army
169:Union Army
115:Allegiance
66:1822-01-30
52:Birth name
1593:, p. 141.
1563:. p. 164.
1546:. p. 164.
1459:. p. 163.
1442:. p. 163.
1425:. p. 161.
1337:. p. 161.
1296:. p. 162.
1279:. p. 161.
903:total war
738:President
725:from the
716:Victorian
712:Hiroshima
692:Tamerlane
672:Old World
593:Nashville
518:Civil War
508:New World
504:astronomy
424:Tsarevich
333:President
317:total war
230:Signature
220:Spouse(s)
1748:24642051
1738:40191347
1710:40189912
1696:25165083
1675:51728749
1654:71812754
1633:65644289
1528:40191347
1252:40189912
1014:See also
959:Illinois
951:Kentucky
933:for the
836:pamphlet
680:chivalry
621:partisan
559:Kentucky
555:Missouri
551:regiment
383:nobility
145:Service/
1724:5132759
1603:mule'."
1085:Tribune
980:on the
955:Indiana
941:leader
873:at the
821:Tsarism
708:Dresden
625:cavalry
614:Alabama
587:at the
574:brigade
540:plunder
536:pillage
526:of the
524:colonel
512:citizen
461:Chicago
385:of the
313:Alabama
303:He was
294:Colonel
287:Chicago
269:in the
267:Colonel
248:Russian
189:Colonel
1746:
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1184:
1146:
1112:
978:piracy
972:, the
968:, the
957:, and
885:Legacy
710:, and
694:, and
321:Athens
147:branch
136:
124:
1734:JSTOR
1706:JSTOR
1524:JSTOR
1248:JSTOR
1172:[
1138:[
1104:[
1042:Notes
585:Grant
1744:OCLC
1720:OCLC
1692:OCLC
1685:ISBN
1671:OCLC
1664:ISBN
1650:OCLC
1643:ISBN
1629:OCLC
1622:ISBN
1587:ISBN
1182:ISBN
1144:ISBN
1110:ISBN
911:more
848:also
557:and
538:and
357:and
262:, a
185:Rank
83:Died
60:Born
1774:at
877:in
865:at
553:in
542:."
530:.
498:.
429:.
418:.
397:in
1802::
1559:,
1542:,
1505:,
1472:.
1455:,
1438:,
1421:,
1369:^
1353:^
1333:,
1292:,
1275:,
1239:^
1205:.
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881:.
854:.
773:,
706:,
690:,
616:.
300:.
250::
106:,
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1215:.
1190:.
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1118:.
1009:.
246:(
68:)
64:(
20:)
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