401:. The camp was overcrowded; sanitation and food supply were insufficient. Many people froze to death due to a lack of clothing and heating. To combat the overcrowding, daily executions of about 50 inmates were ordered at the start of 1945. The killings were so cruel, that several camp deputies refused to oversee the murders until Schwarzhuber took over and the executions proceeded uneventfully. Ravensbrück was initially not intended to be an extermination camp, but during the last months of the war, deaths spiked massively. Thousands of women were killed in a newly built provisional gas chamber, coinciding with Schwarzhuber's arrival in the camp.
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personally—but with
Schwarzhuber in charge of the women's camp, significant responsibility nevertheless fell on him as deputy commander. Schwarzhuber was found guilty and subsequently sentenced to death. Although Schwarzhuber filed a petition for pardon, the execution was carried out on 3 May 1947.
412:
against the camp personnel starting in
December 1945. With the main camp leader Fritz Suhren having fled, Schwarzhuber was the highest-ranking official indicted during the trial. He pleaded 'not guilty' and claimed to have attended only one mass execution in the camp, when 150 women were gassed at
377:. Thousands of inmates who were chosen by Schwarzhuber during this process were immediately killed. However, there were also a few instances of him pulling out non-eligible groups of inmates from the 'gas-queue' and 'protecting' them by putting them into the regular men's prison camp.
396:
In
Ravensbrück, Schwarzhuber was directly responsible for the women's camp. With almost all of the Ravensbrück inmates being women, Schwarzhuber effectively commanded the entire complex, second only to overall camp leader
372:
and took over the command of the
Auschwitz men's camp. In this position he was also responsible for the selection process, which determined who was sent to the work camps and which prisoners were sent to the
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358:, he was responsible for several inmate blocks and regularly mingled with the prisoners. He was regularly drunk at work and built up relationships with some of the
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once in the chamber. It is not clear who gave the order to start mass executions in
Ravensbrück—whether it was Suhren as overall commander or even
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Auschwitz - Culprits, Helper, Victims and what happened to them: A person dictionary (The time of
National Socialism)
262:, where he oversaw the selection process for the gassing of thousands of detainees. He was later transferred to the
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Auschwitz – Täter, Gehilfen, Opfer und was aus ihnen wurde: Ein
Personenlexikon (Die Zeit des Nationalsozialismus)
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and married his wife in 1936, with whom he fathered two children. As an early supporter during the rise of
538:. Fischer (Aktualis. Ausg., 5. Aufl ed.). Frankfurt am Main: Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verl. p. 573.
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274:. With Suhren on the run, Schwarzhuber was the highest-ranking defendant during the first
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The
Auschwitz Concentration Camp 1942-1945 and the time of the death marches 1944/45
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32:
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In
November 1944 he returned to Dachau, now in charge of several sub-camps of the
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Schwarzhuber listens to his death sentence being read out at the
Ravensbrück trial
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384:. This tenure did not last long, and he received his final deployment to the
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Schwarzhuber was born on 29 August 1904 in Tutzing, at this time part of the
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362:. Nevertheless, he fulfilled his job dutifully as overseer of parts of the
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In September 1941 Schwarzhuber was again reassigned and moved to the
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Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich: wer war was vor und nach 1945
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in April 1945 and Schwarzhuber was detained. The British launched a
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Das KZ Auschwitz 1942–1945 und die Zeit der Todesmärsche 1944/45
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330:. At the outbreak of World War II he was transferred to the
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290:, sentenced to death and subsequently executed in 1947.
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KZ Ravensbrück: History of a concentration camp complex
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in 1933. By 1935 he was trained for the position as
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Das KZ Ravensbrück: Geschichte eines Lagerkomplexes
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244:, who was in charge of various concentration
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793:Executed Nazi concentration camp commandants
270:, second only to the overall camp commander
823:Sachsenhausen concentration camp personnel
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404:The Ravensbrück camp was captured by the
818:Ravensbrück concentration camp personnel
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778:Auschwitz concentration camp personnel
366:. In November 1943 he was promoted to
282:military tribunal he was indicted for
798:Hamburg Ravensbrück trials executions
334:, where he acted as commander of the
7:
382:Kaufering concentration camp complex
294:Early life and early Nazi activities
234:(29 August 1904 – 3 May 1947) was a
783:Dachau concentration camp personnel
595:University of North Carolina Press
14:
803:Holocaust perpetrators in Germany
813:People from Starnberg (district)
808:Holocaust perpetrators in Poland
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332:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
266:, where he held the post of the
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170:
31:
788:Executed German mass murderers
386:Ravensbrück concentration camp
264:Ravensbrück concentration camp
220:Ravensbrück concentration camp
16:Nazi German SS-Obersturmführer
1:
260:Auschwitz-Birkenau men's camp
252:. His positions included the
839:
649:Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh
639:Strebel, Bernhard (2003).
589:Langbein, Hermann (2005).
137:Hamburg Ravensbrück trials
352:concentration camp. As a
328:Dachau concentration camp
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160:
156:
152:
114:
30:
612:Rudorff, Andrea (2018).
572:Harvard University Press
512:, pp. 127–130, 460.
488:, pp. 325–326, 358.
88:Allied-occupied Germany
392:Ravensbrück and trial
369:Schutzhaftlagerführer
255:Schutzhaftlagerführer
673:Klee, Ernst (2018).
534:Klee, Ernst (2015).
476:, pp. 374, 378.
99:Execution by hanging
681:] (in German).
647:] (in German).
620:] (in German).
591:People in Auschwitz
524:, pp. 127–130.
500:, pp. 826–827.
464:, pp. 569–570.
232:Johann Schwarzhuber
95:Cause of death
47:Johann Schwarzhuber
25:Johann Schwarzhuber
364:extermination camp
350:Auschwitz-Birkenau
306:. He trained as a
300:Kingdom of Bavaria
278:. In front of the
241:SS-Obersturmführer
215:Auschwitz-Birkenau
205:SS-Obersturmführer
58:Kingdom of Bavaria
683:S. Fischer Verlag
622:Walter de Gruyter
568:The Death Marches
545:978-3-596-16048-8
388:in January 1945.
276:Ravensbrück trial
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286:for his role in
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522:Blatman (2011)
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498:Rudorff (2018)
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474:Rudorff (2018)
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462:Strebel (2003)
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449:, p. 318.
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304:German Empire
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288:the Holocaust
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268:Lagerdirektor
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121:Conviction(s)
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62:German Empire
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557:Bibliography
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406:British Army
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399:Fritz Suhren
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375:gas chambers
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324:block leader
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272:Fritz Suhren
267:
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250:World War II
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178:Nazi Germany
74:(1947-05-03)
18:
773:1947 deaths
768:1904 births
355:Lagerführer
337:Klinkerwerk
762:Categories
422:References
340:sub-camp.
284:war crimes
217:men's camp
166:Allegiance
127:War crimes
72:3 May 1947
716:Biography
344:Auschwitz
740:Genocide
566:(2011).
318:and the
246:subcamps
211:Commands
184:Service/
109:Executed
728:Germany
702:Portals
326:in the
308:printer
302:in the
280:British
258:of the
248:during
238:German
84:Hamelin
54:Tutzing
689:
655:
628:
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542:
312:Nazism
186:branch
175:
677:[
643:[
616:[
427:Notes
360:Kapos
316:NSDAP
147:Death
133:Trial
687:ISBN
653:ISBN
626:ISBN
599:ISBN
576:ISBN
540:ISBN
236:Nazi
201:Rank
69:Died
43:Born
752:Law
764::
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651:.
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454:^
435:^
320:SS
86:,
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548:.
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