532:
560:
101:
30:
216:
to increase pilgrimage and church revenue so stirred his ire that he denounced it in print (1 October 1844) in a public letter to Bishop
Arnoldi. He published in succession a number of pamphlets in which he called on the Roman Catholic laity and the lower clergy to leave the communion of that Church.
270:
joined the movement. (In 1844, Czerski had resigned from his office in order to remove his congregation from the Roman
Catholic Church.) A Leipzig council in 1845 brought the various congregations to a common agreement, and the number of congregations increased further to about 300. While
370:") or moved to Canada and South Africa where they acted as missionaries. In 1852, Wisconsin had 32 congregations. Their influence lasted into the early part of the 20th century, but then began to falter. The influence and lasting effect of this German movement remains in the Midwest.
271:
free-thinking
Protestants were sympathetic with the movement, the conservative Protestants did what they could to discourage it. Soon a split began within the movement between the more conservative Czerski and the more liberal Ronge, and an 1847 council in Berlin failed to mend it.
265:
Ronge's touring ministry brought about 100 new congregations to his movement. He decried declining spirituality and called for a separation from Rome, the formation of a German national church and an end to oral confession, priestly celibacy, Latin masses etc. During this time
229:
Ronge helped form the New
Catholics, and served as Pastor for the first congregation in Breslau, which grew in less than a year to over 8,000 members. Ronge organized the New Catholics as a principally democratic organization. He ended the rule of celibacy for priests,
317:, and where he became the leader of a free congregation. While in London, Ronge was subject to surveillance by The Police Union of German States because his wife's sister was married to Carl Schurz, whom they viewed as an emissary of communism.
128:, he was suspended from the priesthood for his criticisms of the church, and went on to help found and promote the New Catholic movement. When the movement split, he led the more liberal wing, which became known as the
346:, and there edited a paper in promotion of his plans. Ronge sought to interest liberal Jewish congregations in a common free religion, and in the 1870s and 1880s he agitated energetically against spreading
278:. A Protestant group analogous to the New Catholics, the Friends of the Light, joined with the German Catholics in 1849, forming the Freireligiöse ("free-thinkers") communities.
663:
603:
673:
188:(1841). His liberal tendencies brought him into frequent conflict with the Roman Catholic authorities. When he published criticisms of the relation between
648:
618:
588:
459:
331:. In 1860 they relocated to Leeds, as other supporters of the kindergarten were disturbed by Ronge's religious views, and opened another kindergarten.
643:
320:
Marx and Engels wrote "Heroes of the Exile" in 1852 in which they ridiculed Ronge and others who fled
Germany following the failed revolution.
133:
668:
608:
439:
298:
152:. He returned to Prussia in 1861 following an amnesty, and made efforts to revive the German Catholic movement and to combat
593:
267:
463:
221:; and in subsequent years Ronge pronounced himself more and more unreservedly in favor of deistic doctrines.
566:
275:
129:
623:
576:
545:
301:
and was prominent as a democratic leader. He was obliged to flee to London, where he signed in 1851, with
213:
235:
177:
658:
653:
541:
434:
173:
125:
54:
338:
government, in 1861 he again made his appearance in
Breslau. He founded a reform association in
527:
339:
251:
193:
506:
536:
310:
231:
76:
396:
100:
181:
117:
342:
in 1863, and endeavored to revive the waning German
Catholicism. In 1873, he moved to
637:
580:
314:
306:
286:
201:
169:
121:
113:
347:
328:
243:
153:
141:
137:
485:
551:
388:
380:
523:
367:
302:
255:
247:
239:
165:
50:
559:
324:
145:
87:
343:
205:
443:(in German), vol. 29, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 129–130
29:
570:
189:
185:
335:
282:
351:
259:
217:
These were generally understood to be written from the standpoint of
209:
204:
in Upper
Silesia as a teacher, and while there the exhibition of the
112:(16 October 1813 – 26 October 1887) was the principal founder of the
72:
552:
218:
149:
274:
The New
Catholics were later forced to change their name to
389:
The Holy Coat of Treves, and the New German-Catholic Church
242:
and other practices of the Catholic Church, and he married
200:, he was suspended in consequence (1843). He then went to
164:
Johannes Ronge was born in 1813 in Bischofswalde (now
397:
The Autobiography and Justification of Johannes Ronge
366:
went to the United States (where they were known as "
136:
he went into exile in England, where he and his wife
400:
translated into English by John Lord (London, 1846)
93:
83:
61:
36:
20:
262:, who published writings of the new movement.
404:A Practical Guide to the English Kindergarten
334:In consequence of the amnesty granted by the
8:
313:, and others, a democratic manifesto to the
664:19th-century German Roman Catholic priests
507:Johannes Ronge and the English Protestants
28:
17:
454:
452:
450:
555:, First edition autobiography in German
416:
254:. Ronge had also garnered support from
176:(now in Poland). Ronge was educated at
184:priesthood (1840), and was settled at
428:
426:
424:
422:
420:
7:
381:A German Catholic's Farewell to Rome
674:People from the Province of Silesia
132:. Following his involvement in the
649:German Christian religious leaders
406:, with Bertha Ronge (London, 1855)
14:
558:
533:Works by or about Johannes Ronge
327:, England, where they founded a
289:from the Roman Catholic Church.
99:
433:Rochus von Liliencron (1889), "
362:After the failed revolts, many
609:New International Encyclopedia
542:Manuscript of "Johannes Ronge"
440:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
198:Sächsischen Vaterlandsblättern
1:
644:19th-century German educators
323:Ronge and his wife moved to
299:political struggles of 1848
281:For his actions, Ronge was
258:, a newspaper publisher in
134:political struggles of 1848
690:
120:priest from the region of
180:(1837–1839), entered the
98:
27:
490:Neue Deutsche Biographie
669:People from Nysa County
594:The American Cyclopædia
567:John Greenleaf Whittier
513:(January, 1888), 19–32.
297:Ronge took part in the
246:, sister of his friend
214:Bishop Arnoldi of Trier
624:Encyclopedia Americana
577:Dante Gabriel Rossetti
546:Dante Gabriel Rossetti
563:Texts on Wikisource:
293:Political activities
524:Works by John Ronge
492:, v. 22, pp. 27-28.
172:, then part of the
174:Kingdom of Prussia
55:Kingdom of Prussia
528:Project Gutenberg
505:Fretwell, John. "
340:Frankfurt-am-Main
194:Breslau Cathedral
107:
106:
681:
628:
613:
598:
562:
537:Internet Archive
511:Unitarian Review
493:
482:
476:
475:
473:
471:
462:. Archived from
460:"Johannes Ronge"
456:
445:
444:
430:
392:(New York, 1845)
374:Works in English
311:Gottfried Kinkel
276:German Catholics
268:Johannes Czerski
130:German Catholics
103:
68:
46:
44:
32:
18:
689:
688:
684:
683:
682:
680:
679:
678:
634:
633:
619:Ronge, Johannes
616:
604:Ronge, Johannes
601:
589:Ronge, Johannes
586:
520:
502:
500:Further reading
497:
496:
486:Ronge, Johannes
484:Renate Bauer, "
483:
479:
469:
467:
466:on 12 July 2011
458:
457:
448:
435:Ronge, Johannes
432:
431:
418:
413:
376:
360:
295:
232:excommunication
227:
196:chapter in the
162:
79:
77:Austria-Hungary
70:
66:
65:27 October 1887
57:
48:
47:13 October 1813
42:
40:
23:
12:
11:
5:
687:
685:
677:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
636:
635:
632:
631:
630:
629:
614:
599:
584:
581:Johannes Ronge
574:
556:
548:
539:
530:
519:
518:External links
516:
515:
514:
501:
498:
495:
494:
477:
446:
415:
414:
412:
409:
408:
407:
401:
393:
385:
384:(London, 1845)
375:
372:
359:
356:
294:
291:
287:excommunicated
226:
223:
182:Roman Catholic
161:
158:
140:established a
118:Roman Catholic
110:Johannes Ronge
105:
104:
96:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
71:
69:(aged 74)
63:
59:
58:
49:
38:
34:
33:
25:
24:
22:Johannes Ronge
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
686:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
641:
639:
626:
625:
620:
615:
611:
610:
605:
600:
596:
595:
590:
585:
582:
578:
575:
572:
568:
565:
564:
561:
557:
554:
553:
549:
547:
543:
540:
538:
534:
531:
529:
525:
522:
521:
517:
512:
508:
504:
503:
499:
491:
487:
481:
478:
465:
461:
455:
453:
451:
447:
442:
441:
436:
429:
427:
425:
423:
421:
417:
410:
405:
402:
399:
398:
394:
391:
390:
386:
383:
382:
378:
377:
373:
371:
369:
365:
364:Freireligiöse
357:
355:
353:
350:. He died in
349:
345:
341:
337:
332:
330:
326:
321:
318:
316:
315:German people
312:
308:
307:Gustav Struve
304:
300:
292:
290:
288:
284:
279:
277:
272:
269:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
225:New Catholics
224:
222:
220:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
170:Upper Silesia
167:
159:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
122:Upper Silesia
119:
115:
114:New Catholics
111:
102:
97:
92:
89:
86:
84:Resting place
82:
78:
74:
64:
60:
56:
52:
51:Bischofswalde
39:
35:
31:
26:
19:
16:
622:
607:
592:
550:
510:
489:
480:
468:. Retrieved
464:the original
438:
403:
395:
387:
379:
368:Freethinkers
363:
361:
348:antisemitism
333:
329:kindergarten
322:
319:
296:
280:
273:
264:
244:Bertha Meyer
228:
197:
163:
154:antisemitism
142:kindergarten
138:Bertha Ronge
109:
108:
67:(1887-10-27)
15:
659:1887 deaths
654:1813 births
303:Arnold Ruge
256:Robert Blum
248:Carl Schurz
240:indulgences
236:confessions
638:Categories
544:, poem by
411:References
325:Manchester
252:Margarethe
212:, used by
202:LaurahĂĽtte
146:Manchester
43:1813-10-13
470:17 August
354:in 1887.
344:Darmstadt
283:defrocked
250:'s wife,
206:Holy Coat
160:Biography
148:and then
94:Signature
571:To Ronge
336:Prussian
192:and the
186:Grottkau
166:BiskupĂłw
627:. 1920.
612:. 1905.
597:. 1879.
583:," 1847
535:at the
234:, oral
178:Breslau
126:Prussia
88:Breslau
358:Legacy
352:Vienna
260:Saxony
210:Treves
73:Vienna
488:" in
219:deism
168:) in
150:Leeds
472:2011
285:and
190:Rome
116:. A
62:Died
37:Born
621:".
606:".
591:".
579:, "
569:, "
526:at
437:",
208:at
144:in
124:in
640::
573:,"
509:"
449:^
419:^
309:,
305:,
238:,
156:.
75:,
53:,
617:"
602:"
587:"
474:.
45:)
41:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
