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the other two battalions of the regiment left
Mindanao and landed at Jolo, where they began fighting their way up heavily defended Mount Daho, the highest point on the island. The Sultan of Jolo, Muhammad Janail Abirin the 2nd, leader of the archipelago's 300,000 Moslems, welcomed Col. William J. Moroney, commander of the 163rd, and promised to help rid the island of Japanese. In three weeks of combat the 163rd suffered 37 dead and 191 wounded. Approximately 2,600 Japanese troops were killed, and only 87 Japanese soldiers were captured or surrendered in Jolo. Local fighters killed many Japanese stragglers hiding in the jungle after the Imperial Army surrendered in August, 1945.
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752:, along with 2 Canadian men, John Ridsdel, age 68, and Robert Hall, age 67, and a Filipina woman, Marites Flor, Hall’s girlfriend. In April and June 2016, the Canadians were beheaded after ransoms were not paid, and in June 2016, Flor was released. On 17 September 2016, Sekkingstad was released on Jolo island, about 600 miles south of Manila, after Islamist captor Abu Sayyaf received $ 638,000 in ransom for his release. He was handed over to the rebel group
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Bates later admitted that the treaty was merely a stop-gap measure, signed only to buy time until the war in the north was ended and more forces could be brought to bear in the south. The peace created by the Bates Treaty did not last, however. This became evident when the
Muslims repudiated the Moro
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Jolo was occupied by the
Japanese during World War II. On April 2, 1945, the 2nd Battalion of the U.S. 163rd Regiment, 41st Division (formerly the Montana National Guard) landed at Sanga Sanga and Bongao in the Sulu Archipelago, halfway between the island of Borneo and the Philippines. A week later,
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This treaty was based on the earlier
Spanish treaty, and it retained the translation discrepancy: the English version described a complete dependency, while the Tausug version described a protectorate. Although the Bates Treaty granted more powers to the Americans than the original Spanish treaty,
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appointed to set up a garrison and serve as military governor; he served from March 1876 to
December 1876 followed by Brig. Gen. Jose Paulin (December 1876 – April 1877), Col. Carlos Martinez (Sept 1877 – Feb 1880), Col. Rafael de Rivera (1880–1881), Col. Isidro G. Soto (1881–1882), Col. Eduardo
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soon broke out. It is important to note that barely two months before the creation of the Moro province, the
American colonial government declared and classified all unoccupied lands as public lands. Immediately after the declaration, American investments entered Mindanao and mass migration of
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By 1878, the
Spaniards had fortified Jolo with a perimeter wall and tower gates, built inner forts called Puerta Blockaus, Puerta España, and Puerta Alfonso XII; and two outer fortifications named Princesa de Asturias and Torre de la Reina. Troops, including a cavalry with its own lieutenant
536:
586:), the Spanish made a final bid to consolidate their rule in this southern frontier. On 21 February of that year, the Spaniards assembled the largest contingent against Jolo, consisting of 9,000 soldiers, in 11 transports, 11 gunboats, and 11 steamboats. Headed by
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The
Spanish and the Sultan of Sulu signed the Treaty of Peace on July 22, 1878, but Jolo Island and Tawi-tawi remained partially ruled by the Spanish as their sovereignty was limited to military stations and garrisons and pockets of civilian settlements.
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succeeded in penetrating the Jolo town plaza and killed three
Spaniards.; The word "Ajuramentado" was coined by Spanish colonel Juan Arolas after witnessing several such acts while serving duty in Jolo garrison.
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Initially, Sultan Kiram was disappointed by the hand-over of control to the
Americans and had expected to regain sovereignty over the Sulu archipelago after the defeat of the Spanish. Brig. General
756:(MNLF). The MNLF is in peace talks with the government and had been working with authorities to secure his release. It is not known who has paid the ransom, but was not Norwegian authorities.
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the treaty was still criticized in America for granting too much autonomy to the Sultan. One particular clause, which recognized the Moro practice of slavery, also raised eyebrows in
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commander, were garrisoned within the protective confine of the walls. In 1880 appointed Governor Colonel Rafael Gonzales de Rivera dispatched the 6th Regiment from Jolo to the
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Controversy exists over terminology used in the Spanish-language and Tausug-language versions of the treaty and whether Spain was given complete sovereignty over the Sulu
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islands. The Spaniards were not secure in their stronghold because it would be sporadically attacked. On 22 July 1883, it is reported that three unnamed
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Fighting on the island flared up again in February 2005 when between 4,000 and 5,000 Philippine troops clashed with around 800
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770:(2023), an airliner makes an emergency landing on this island, with the survivors having to deal with local terrorists.
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and her husband Sixto Orosa were the first Christian doctors to work in Jolo, bringing western medicine to the region.
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599:(1886–1893), Col. Caesar Mattos (1893), Gen. Venancio Hernandez (1893–1896) and Col. Luis Huerta (1896–1899).
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On that year, the Spanish launched a massive campaign to occupy Jolo. Spurred by the need to curb
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Bremon, (1882), Col. Julian Parrado (1882–1884), Col. Francisco Castilla (1884–1886), Col.
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province, a politico-military government in Mindanao lasting from 1903 to 1914, and the
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On 22 September 2015, Kjartan Sekkingstad, age 56, from Sotra, Norway, was abducted by
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cinder cone. It has been the headquarters of militants from the terrorist group
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After a series of less-than-successful attempts during the centuries of
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had established trading centers in Jolo by the 19th century and the
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The War of 1898, and U.S. Interventions, 1898–1934: An Encyclopedia
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Coleccion de los tratados, convenios y documentos internationales
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once and for all and worried about the presence of other
984:"Abu Sayyaf frees Norwegian hostage Kjartan Sekkingstad"
670:. After some negotiations, the Bates Treaty was signed.
443:, and has a population of approximately 500,000 people.
785:
List of potentially active volcanoes in the Philippines
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Islamist guerrillas from a high-end tourist resort on
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arrived in 1899, and by the turn of the century, the
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846:Gaceta de Manila, Año XVlll, Tomo II, numero 0052
941:"Jolo church attack: Many killed in Philippines"
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790:List of inactive volcanoes in the Philippines
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780:List of active volcanoes in the Philippines
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423:and the primary island of the province of
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523:Learn how and when to remove this message
928:Montana's Home Front During World War II
840:Spanish text of treaty can be viewed in
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963:"Abu Sayyaf has released Sekkingstad"
724:Cathedral of Our Lady of Mount Carmel
582:from the cash strapped government in
7:
961:Tatone, Joseph (17 September 2016).
864:. Taylor & Francis. p. 42.
505:adding citations to reliable sources
27:Island southwest of the Philippines
795:List of islands of the Philippines
446:The island is the location of the
431:is situated. It is located in the
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205:869 km (336 sq mi)
1330:Island groups of the Philippines
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715:group, along with followers of
492:needs additional citations for
94:Location within the Philippines
930:, 2nd ed. Big Elk Books. 2012.
754:Moro National Liberation Front
1:
844:, text also published in the
740:Abu Sayyaf § Kidnappings
1325:Geography of the Philippines
699:Tulay Central Mosque in Jolo
429:the capital of the same name
354:515.6/km (1335.4/sq mi)
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1040:Geographic data related to
858:Beede, Benjamin R. (1994).
610:visiting the Sultan of Jolo
468:Jolo, Sulu § Etymology
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1083:islands of the Philippines
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578:were offering to purchase
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30:For the municipality, see
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213:803 m (2635 ft)
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1017:Global Volcanism Program
419:island in the southwest
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722:On 27 January 2019 the
641:Philippine–American War
448:Jolo Group of Volcanoes
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333: (pop. 87,998)
63:Satellite image of Jolo
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690:Severina Luna de Orosa
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608:Jules Dumont d'Urville
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394:Additional information
210:Highest elevation
34:. For other uses, see
1149:Camiguin de Babuyanes
764:In the American film
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588:Admiral José Malcampo
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129:5.97306°N 121.15000°E
36:Jolo (disambiguation)
656:Battle of Bud Bagsak
501:improve this article
1361:Islands of Mindanao
711:militants from the
248:Zamboanga Peninsula
125: /
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894:"The Bates Treaty"
760:In popular culture
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570:in the south (the
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327:Largest settlement
283:Kalingalan Caluang
218:Highest point
134:5.97306; 121.15000
1356:Landforms of Sulu
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898:Philippine Update
848:(August 21, 1878)
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892:Kho, Madge.
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875:. Retrieved
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499:Please help
494:verification
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385:Zamboangueño
351:Pop. density
338:Demographics
234:
1159:Catanduanes
825:archipelago
734:Kidnappings
717:Nur Misuari
625:juramentado
597:Juan Arolas
559:, in 1876.
553:Philippines
427:, on which
421:Philippines
298:Old Panamao
236:Philippines
164:Celebes Sea
156:Adjacent to
145:Archipelago
132: /
108:Coordinates
1350:Categories
1209:Marinduque
1006:Royal Sulu
993:2023-11-23
988:Al Jazeera
968:27 January
947:2019-01-27
811:References
805:Jolo, Sulu
746:Abu Sayyaf
738:See also:
713:Abu Sayyaf
686:Christians
456:Abu Sayyaf
435:, between
366:Banguingui
343:Population
32:Jolo, Sulu
637:Americans
513:June 2015
462:Etymology
193:Tawi-tawi
120:121°9′0″E
117:5°58′23″N
103:Geography
1321:See also
1284:Tawitawi
1274:Siquijor
1229:Olutanga
1214:Mindanao
1179:Guimaras
1144:Camiguin
1134:Busuanga
774:See also
709:Islamist
668:Mindanao
543:province
452:Bud Dajo
441:Mindanao
417:volcanic
293:Maimbung
254:Province
169:Sulu Sea
1269:Sibuyan
1264:Siargao
1249:Polillo
1234:Palawan
1219:Mindoro
1204:Masbate
1174:Dumaran
1169:Dinagat
1139:Calayan
1109:Biliran
1104:Basilan
1099:Balabac
903:26 June
877:8 March
829:Basilan
658:in 1913
572:British
549:Spanish
473:History
415:) is a
318:Talipao
313:Patikul
273:Indanan
185:Basilan
1279:Tablas
1239:Panaon
1224:Negros
1194:Lubang
1164:Culion
1129:Burias
1124:Bugsuk
1094:Alabat
1012:"Jolo"
868:
728:bombed
621:Bongao
576:French
437:Borneo
409:Tausug
380:Tausug
308:Parang
244:Region
1289:Ticao
1259:Samar
1254:Samal
1244:Panay
1199:Luzon
1189:Leyte
1114:Bohol
943:. BBC
767:Plane
645:Luzon
617:Siasi
376:Suluk
371:Bajau
1184:Jolo
1154:Cebu
1042:Jolo
970:2019
905:2015
879:2013
866:ISBN
635:The
619:and
541:Sulu
439:and
425:Sulu
405:Jolo
331:Jolo
288:Luuk
278:Jolo
258:Sulu
202:Area
189:Jolo
88:Jolo
42:Jolo
1044:at
503:by
413:Sūg
1352::
1020:.
1014:.
986:.
896:.
730:.
458:.
411::
1074:e
1067:t
1060:v
1024:.
996:.
972:.
950:.
907:.
881:.
526:)
520:(
515:)
511:(
497:.
407:(
378:/
38:.
20:)
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