122:
699:
177:
25:
391:
687:
595:
who may not be under the same roof with a corpse or with tombs, lest he become impure; and although, according to the letter of the Law, it is only the Jewish dead the contact with whom renders impure, and not the non-Jewish dead, still
Carlebach held that the least possibility that among the dead
679:
after the war, and his third daughter became
Professor Miriam Gillis-Carlebach, who emigrated to Israel in October 1938. She taught Education and Hebrew reading at Bar-Ilan University, in Ramat Gan. In 1992, she became the head of the Joseph Carlebach Institute at Bar-Ilan University and has
724:, the former location of the Main Synagogue of Hamburg and Carlebach's last pulpit, was named as the "Joseph-Carlebach-Platz". In honor of his 120th Birthday in 2003, the "Joseph-Carlebach-Preis" (Joseph Carlebach prize) for Jewish studies was established, awarded every two years, by the
494:'s intention was to evoke pro-German attitudes among Jews and other Poles and Lithuanians, in order to prepare the installation of a Polish and a Lithuanian state dependent on Germany. Part of the effort was the establishment of Jewish newspapers (e.g. the
1486:
1501:
619:
banned Jewish students from attending German schools together with "Aryan" German children, Rabbi
Carlebach set up a number of schools throughout Germany to educate Jewish children. His schools bore his name and were known as
1491:
591:, expertly explaining every detail of the statues, the glass windows, the ornaments, and the intricacies of the Catholic faith and ritual; but I was not allowed to participate, being a
513:
of Poland, part of a non-Zionist movement founded in
Germany in 1912) and of modern educational institutions of Jewish alignment. Joseph Carlebach founded the partly German-language
1221:
1511:
634:
by the Nazis, where he was murdered on March 23, 1943 during the mass shooting of approximately 1600 Jews, mostly older people and children, that became known as the
1435:
1481:
596:
buried in the cathedral may have been a person of Jewish origin (even though ultimately converted to
Christianity), sufficed to make the place taboo to me.
917:
583:
described the effect
Carlebach had on his students (as well as illustrating Carlebach's fairly unusual position that Orthodox Jews may visit churches):
401:
484:, at the beginning as telegraphist. In 1915 he was assigned as educator - after recommendation by his brother-in-law Leopold Rosenak, a German Army
720:
The memory of Joseph
Carlebach is held in great honor by the City of Hamburg and its Jewish community. In 1990, part of the University Campus, the
658:
1471:
316:(rabbi in Leipzig). Initially, however, Joseph Carlebach completed extensive studies in natural sciences. From 1901 on he studied at
1393:
268:
198:
108:
42:
288:
In 1919, Joseph
Carlebach and his former pupil Charlotte Preuss (1900–1942) married. They had nine children. One of them is rabbi
1496:
337:
1476:
680:
dedicated herself to researching her father's writings as well as the writing of other Jewish leaders of the same time period.
459:
249:
89:
646:, which was the site of numerous other shootings perpetrated by the Nazis and their Latvian collaborators, in particular, the
1365:
1287:
998:
910:
800:
Juedischer Alltag als humaner
Widerstand: Dokumente des Hamburger Oberrabiners Dr. Joseph Carlebach aus den Jahren 1939-1942.
631:
606:
431:
416:
221:
202:
160:
61:
46:
1516:
1292:
1039:
890:
874:
760:
Mikhtavim mi-Yerushalayim (1905–1906): Erets Yi'sra'el be-reshit ha-me'ah be-`ene moreh tsa`ir, ma'skil-dati mi-Germanyah
533:
model. The school provided both Jewish and secular studies both for men and women (separately) and was the model for the
1302:
546:
438:
228:
68:
1375:
481:
501:), of Jewish organisations (e.g. Joseph's brother German Army Field Rabbi Emanuel Carlebach (1874-1927) initiated in
488:
active in promoting German culture among the Jews of
Lithuania and Poland during the German occupation (1915–1918).
300:
Joseph Carlebach became a rabbi, as did several of his brothers, to wit David Carlebach, Emanuel Carlebach (rabbi in
187:
1506:
1206:
962:
668:
332:) were among his teachers. In 1908 he graduated as high-school teacher (Oberlehrer-Examen) of natural sciences (at
289:
445:
235:
206:
191:
75:
35:
1456:
903:
305:
1261:
982:
957:
952:
628:
807:
Menora und Hakenkreuz: zur Geschichte der Juden in und aus Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck und Altona (1918–1998)
427:
217:
57:
1180:
1145:
1090:
977:
972:
967:
926:
881:
367:'s relativity theory in 1912. From 1910 to 1914 Carlebach enrolled in the rabbinical seminary under Rabbi
1003:
802:
Ed. Miriam Gillis-Carlebach. Pp. 118, ill. Hamburg: Verlag Verein fuer Hamburgische Geschichte, 1990
635:
610:
320:
in Berlin natural sciences, mathematics, astronomy, philosophy and history of art. The quantum physicist
1085:
725:
683:
Rabbi Joseph Carlebach's wife managed to send her elder children to England, and they survived the war.
530:
352:
285:, Rabbi Alexander Sussmann Adler (1816–1869), and Lübeck's then-Rabbi Salomon Carlebach (1845–1919).
1466:
1461:
1355:
1115:
1023:
510:
317:
1409:
1211:
1175:
1170:
1140:
1120:
721:
516:
368:
1125:
713:, by naming a street, Rekhov Carlebach/Karlibakh רחוב קרליבך, after him in the neighbourhood of
708:
777:; herausgegeben von Miriam Gillis-Carlebach. 2 vols. Hildesheim; New York: G. Olms Verlag, 1982
1339:
1282:
1160:
1105:
1013:
1008:
746:
Les trois grands prophetes, Isaie, Jeremie, Ezechiel. Traduit de l'allemand par Henri Schilli.
663:
588:
485:
452:
313:
242:
156:
82:
1266:
1234:
1155:
1150:
1018:
491:
356:
281:
Carlebach was the eighth child of Esther Adler (1853–1920), daughter of the former rabbi of
149:
1318:
1239:
1095:
1044:
792:
571:
506:
364:
340:
in Berlin. In 1905 to 1907 Carlebach interrupted his studies in Germany and taught at the
325:
309:
1323:
782:
Lewi ben Gerson als Mathematiker; ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Mathematik bei den Juden
341:
121:
1388:
1383:
1256:
1244:
1201:
1185:
647:
537:
network that Carlebach later founded in collaboration with Leo Deutschlander. In 1925,
363:). Carlebach gained an academic reputation by books on Levi ben Gershon as well as on
1450:
1425:
1135:
1100:
1075:
942:
676:
654:
137:
698:
1165:
1130:
1054:
616:
557:
329:
825:
Haim H. Cohn, "Joseph Carlebach," Leo Baeck Institute Year Book 5 (1960), pg. 66.
706:
On 18 August 1954 Jerusalem honoured Carlebach's work, among others at the local
1297:
1080:
1059:
565:
502:
495:
390:
301:
176:
24:
1360:
1110:
882:
Ish Yehudi: The Life and the Legacy of a Torah Great, Rav Joseph Tzvi Carebach
857:, Ephraim-Carlebach-Stiftung (Hrsg). Dölling und Galitz. Hamburg 1995, S. 92-3
686:
542:
321:
841:, Ephraim-Carlebach-Stiftung (Hrsg). Dölling und Galitz. Hamburg 1995, S. 83.
1430:
886:
763:
580:
526:
355:
in Heidelberg. There he also was awarded his doctorate on the mathematician
345:
579:, where he served until his deportation into death in 1941. Israeli jurist
553:
282:
133:
895:
408:
1487:
German Jewish military personnel of World War I who died in the Holocaust
672:
373:
351:
In 1909 Carlebach obtained degrees in mathematics, physics and Hebrew at
714:
561:
348:. There Carlebach made the acquaintance of a number of eminent rabbis.
739:
Die drei grossen Propheten Jesajas, Jirmija und Jecheskel; eine Studie
643:
541:
was taken over by Joseph Leib Bloch (1860-1930), who relocated it to
522:
145:
753:
Moderne paedagogische Bestrebungen und ihre Beziehungen zum Judentum
1502:
People from Schleswig-Holstein executed in Nazi concentration camps
702:
Commemorative tablet in Hamburg-Altona with a portrait of Carlebach
697:
685:
592:
152:
120:
529:) and directed it until 1919. The school was based on the German
639:
141:
899:
762:. (Ed. and transl. Miryam Gilis-Karlibakh). Pp. 141, ill.
545:(Russ.: Telshe, Yidd.: Telz טעלז) and incorporated it into the
384:
170:
18:
755:. Pp. 19. Berlin, Hebraeischer Verlag "Menorah", 1925
775:
Ausgewaehlte Schriften mit einem Vorwort von Haim H. Cohn
809:. Pp. 943, ill. Neumuenster: Wachholtz Verlag, 1998
869:
552:
From 1919 to 1921 he was rabbi of his native home town
412:
741:. Pp. 133. Frankfurt am Main: Hermon-Verlag, 1932
653:
His wife and younger children were also killed during
549:, which managed to re-establish in 1942 in the USA.
16:
German scholar, scientist, Orthodox rabbi (1883-1942)
855:
Die Carlebachs, eine Rabbinerfamilie aus Deutschland
839:
Die Carlebachs, eine Rabbinerfamilie aus Deutschland
336:). In the same time Carlebach attended the orthodox
1418:
1402:
1374:
1348:
1332:
1311:
1275:
1220:
1194:
1068:
1032:
991:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1492:People who died in Jungfernhof concentration camp
638:. This occurred in the Biķerniecki forest, near
575:, after which he changed as chief rabbi to the
805:Gerhard Paul; Miriam Gillis-Carlebach (Eds.).
556:. In 1921, Carlebach became headmaster of the
911:
748:Pp. 141. Paris: Editions A. Michel, 1959
8:
784:. Von Dr. phil. 238, . Berlin: L. Lamm, 1910
601:Persecution and murder under the Nazi regime
417:introducing citations to additional sources
480:During World War I Carlebach served in the
205:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
140:– March 26, 1942, Biķerniecki forest, near
918:
904:
896:
587:He spent a full day with the boys in the
577:Deutsch-Israelitische Gemeinde zu Hamburg
269:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
499:Warszawer Togblat, וואַרשעווער טאָגבלאַט
407:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1512:Hildesheimer Rabbinical Seminary alumni
1366:Extraordinary (Soviet) State Commission
818:
768:Orah, mi-pirsume Mekhon Yosef Karlibakh
564:. Between 1925 and 1936 he served as
7:
1482:German Army personnel of World War I
1436:Occupation of Latvia by Nazi Germany
1349:War crimes investigations and trials
570:Hochdeutsche Israeliten-Gemeinde zu
203:adding citations to reliable sources
47:adding citations to reliable sources
875:Personality of the Week - Carlebach
657:. Of his surviving children, Rabbi
14:
1394:Roberts Seduls and Johanna Sedule
1195:Nazi occupation and organizations
667:("spiritual supervisor" ) at the
525:(Kovno; the interwar capital of
400:relies largely or entirely on a
389:
361:Lewi ben Gerson als Mathematiker
175:
23:
377:(rabbinic ordination) in 1914.
312:near Vienna and New York), and
130:Joseph Hirsch (Tzvi) Carlebach
34:needs additional citations for
1288:Jungfernhof concentration camp
999:Burning of the Riga synagogues
607:Jungfernhof concentration camp
318:Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität
161:history of the Jews in Germany
1:
1293:Kaiserwald concentration camp
891:Mathematics Genealogy Project
1303:Salaspils concentration camp
853:Sabine Niemann (Redaktion):
837:Sabine Niemann (Redaktion):
770:; Yerushalayim: Ariel, c1996
547:Rabbinical College of Telshe
1376:Righteous Among the Nations
948:Related articles by country
1533:
1207:Reichskommissariat Ostland
870:Joseph Carlebach Institute
791:. Pp. 53. Berlin: Im
789:Das gesetzestreue Judentum
669:Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin
604:
521:(academic high school) in
353:Ruprecht-Karls-Universität
296:Education and early career
933:
306:Hartwig Naftali Carlebach
1262:Latvian Auxiliary Police
694:Commemoration and legacy
1497:The Holocaust in Latvia
1181:Franz Walter Stahlecker
1091:Otto-Heinrich Drechsler
1040:Jewish people of Latvia
927:The Holocaust in Latvia
629:Nazi concentration camp
627:He was deported to the
1477:German Orthodox rabbis
1472:Scientists from Lübeck
703:
690:
598:
509:umbrella organisation
505:the foundation of the
126:
701:
689:
585:
531:Torah im Derech Eretz
167:Early life and family
159:, and scholar of the
124:
1356:Einsatzgruppen trial
1146:Hans-Adolf Prützmann
880:Review of the book:
482:imperial German Army
413:improve this article
324:and the philosopher
199:improve this section
43:improve this article
1410:Bikernieki Memorial
1212:Rollkommando Hamann
1176:Rudolf Joachim Seck
1141:Friedrich Panzinger
1121:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
798:Carlebach, Joseph.
787:Carlebach, Joseph.
780:Carlebach, Joseph.
773:Carlebach, Joseph.
758:Carlebach, Joseph.
751:Carlebach, Joseph.
744:Carlebach, Joseph.
737:Carlebach, Joseph.
722:Bornplatz Synagogue
381:World War I service
338:Rabbinical Seminary
132:(January 30, 1883,
1517:Clergy from Lübeck
704:
691:
428:"Joseph Carlebach"
369:David Zvi Hoffmann
308:(rabbi in Berlin,
218:"Joseph Carlebach"
127:
58:"Joseph Carlebach"
1507:Jewish scientists
1444:
1443:
1340:Sonderaktion 1005
1283:Daugavpils Ghetto
1276:Ghettos and camps
1161:Martin Sandberger
1106:Friedrich Jeckeln
664:mashgiach ruchani
622:Carlebach-Schulen
589:Cologne Cathedral
478:
477:
463:
314:Ephraim Carlebach
279:
278:
271:
253:
157:natural scientist
119:
118:
111:
93:
1524:
1457:Carlebach family
1419:Related articles
1267:Schutzmannschaft
1253:
1231:
1171:Walther Schröder
1156:Alfred Rosenberg
1151:Eduard Roschmann
1050:Joseph Carlebach
1004:Dünamünde Action
949:
939:
920:
913:
906:
897:
887:Joseph Carlebach
877:at www.bh.org.il
858:
852:
848:
842:
836:
832:
826:
823:
726:State University
659:Shlomo Carlebach
636:Dünamünde Action
611:Dünamünde Action
492:Erich Ludendorff
473:
470:
464:
462:
421:
393:
385:
371:, receiving his
357:Levi ben Gershon
290:Shlomo Carlebach
274:
267:
263:
260:
254:
252:
211:
179:
171:
125:Joseph Carlebach
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1414:
1398:
1370:
1344:
1328:
1319:Generalplan Ost
1307:
1271:
1251:
1240:Herberts Cukurs
1229:
1216:
1190:
1126:Wolfgang Kügler
1096:Erich Ehrlinger
1064:
1028:
1024:Liepāja (Šķēde)
987:
947:
937:
929:
924:
866:
861:
850:
849:
845:
834:
833:
829:
824:
820:
816:
793:Schocken Verlag
734:
696:
613:
603:
560:high school in
474:
468:
465:
422:
420:
406:
394:
383:
365:Albert Einstein
334:summa cum laude
326:Wilhelm Dilthey
298:
275:
264:
258:
255:
212:
210:
196:
180:
169:
148:) was a German
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1530:
1528:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1449:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1389:Paul Schiemann
1386:
1380:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1257:Arajs Kommando
1254:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1202:Einsatzgruppen
1198:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1186:Eduard Strauch
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1116:Konrāds Kalējs
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1086:Fritz Dietrich
1083:
1078:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
995:
993:
989:
988:
986:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
934:
931:
930:
925:
923:
922:
915:
908:
900:
894:
893:
884:
878:
872:
865:
864:External links
862:
860:
859:
843:
827:
817:
815:
812:
811:
810:
803:
796:
785:
778:
771:
756:
749:
742:
733:
730:
695:
692:
648:Arajs Kommando
602:
599:
515:Jüdisches Real
511:Agudas Yisroel
476:
475:
411:. Please help
397:
395:
388:
382:
379:
304:and Cologne),
297:
294:
277:
276:
183:
181:
174:
168:
165:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1529:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1426:The Holocaust
1424:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:Documentation
1310:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1252:Organizations
1250:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1235:Viktors Arājs
1233:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1222:Collaborators
1219:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1136:Hinrich Lohse
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1076:Alois Brunner
1074:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
994:
990:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
946:
944:
943:The Holocaust
941:
936:
935:
932:
928:
921:
916:
914:
909:
907:
902:
901:
898:
892:
888:
885:
883:
879:
876:
873:
871:
868:
867:
863:
856:
847:
844:
840:
831:
828:
822:
819:
813:
808:
804:
801:
797:
794:
790:
786:
783:
779:
776:
772:
769:
765:
761:
757:
754:
750:
747:
743:
740:
736:
735:
731:
729:
727:
723:
718:
716:
712:
710:
700:
693:
688:
684:
681:
678:
677:New York City
674:
670:
666:
665:
660:
656:
655:the Holocaust
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
630:
625:
623:
618:
612:
608:
600:
597:
594:
590:
584:
582:
578:
574:
573:
567:
563:
559:
555:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
519:גימנזיום עברי
518:
512:
508:
504:
500:
497:
493:
489:
487:
483:
472:
461:
458:
454:
451:
447:
444:
440:
437:
433:
430: –
429:
425:
424:Find sources:
418:
414:
410:
404:
403:
402:single source
398:This section
396:
392:
387:
386:
380:
378:
376:
375:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
295:
293:
291:
286:
284:
273:
270:
262:
251:
248:
244:
241:
237:
234:
230:
227:
223:
220: –
219:
215:
214:Find sources:
208:
204:
200:
194:
193:
189:
184:This section
182:
178:
173:
172:
166:
164:
162:
158:
154:
151:
147:
143:
139:
138:German Empire
135:
131:
123:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1324:Jäger Report
1166:Albert Sauer
1131:Rudolf Lange
1069:Perpetrators
1055:Simon Dubnow
1049:
938:Main article
854:
846:
838:
830:
821:
806:
799:
788:
781:
774:
767:
759:
752:
745:
738:
728:of Hamburg.
719:
707:
705:
682:
662:
652:
626:
621:
617:Nazi Germany
614:
586:
576:
569:
558:Talmud Torah
551:
538:
534:
514:
498:
490:
479:
469:October 2022
466:
456:
449:
442:
435:
423:
399:
372:
360:
350:
342:Lämel-School
333:
330:hermeneutics
299:
287:
280:
265:
259:October 2022
256:
246:
239:
232:
225:
213:
197:Please help
185:
129:
128:
105:
99:January 2017
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1467:1942 deaths
1462:1883 births
1384:Jānis Lipke
1333:Concealment
1298:Riga Ghetto
1245:Kārlis Lobe
1230:Individuals
1081:Rudolf Batz
1060:Else Hirsch
1014:Pogulianski
851:(in German)
835:(in German)
661:became the
632:Jungfernhof
566:chief rabbi
486:Field Rabbi
1451:Categories
1361:Riga Trial
1111:Heinz Jost
1101:Karl Jäger
605:See also:
439:newspapers
322:Max Planck
229:newspapers
69:newspapers
1431:The Mover
1403:Memorials
963:Lithuania
764:Ramat-Gan
581:Haim Cohn
527:Lithuania
517:gymnasium
409:talk page
346:Jerusalem
186:does not
673:Brooklyn
507:hassidic
374:semikhah
150:Orthodox
1045:Gypsies
1033:Victims
1019:Rumbula
1009:Jelgava
983:Ukraine
958:Estonia
953:Belarus
889:at the
795:, 1936.
715:Talpiot
711:-School
568:of the
562:Hamburg
543:Telšiai
496:folkist
453:scholar
243:scholar
207:removed
192:sources
83:scholar
992:Crimes
978:Russia
973:Poland
968:Norway
644:Latvia
615:After
572:Altona
554:Lübeck
539:Yavneh
535:Yavneh
523:Kaunas
455:
448:
441:
434:
426:
283:Lübeck
245:
238:
231:
224:
216:
146:Latvia
134:Lübeck
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
814:Notes
732:Works
709:Lämel
593:Cohen
503:Łomża
460:JSTOR
446:books
310:Baden
302:Memel
250:JSTOR
236:books
153:rabbi
90:JSTOR
76:books
640:Riga
609:and
432:news
222:news
190:any
188:cite
142:Riga
62:news
671:in
415:by
344:in
201:by
45:by
1453::
766::
717:.
675:,
650:.
642:,
624:.
292:.
163:.
155:,
144:,
136:,
919:e
912:t
905:v
471:)
467:(
457:·
450:·
443:·
436:·
419:.
405:.
359:(
328:(
272:)
266:(
261:)
257:(
247:·
240:·
233:·
226:·
209:.
195:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
