167:. Land elevation loss from excessive ground water pumping is memorialized in the telephone pole photo taken in the San Joaquin Valley. The yellow sign he is holding reads, "San Joaquin Valley California BMS661 Subsidence 9M 1925-1977." This photo shows 28 feet of lost surface level altitude over a 52-year period. Markers are placed to show the previous ground level altitudes for the years 1925, 1955, and 1975. The utility pole pictured is located is southwest of
129:
consulted with him; UNESCO, United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, called upon him to address the subsidence issue in Italy. As a result of his work in Venice, Italy he is regarded him as the "savior of Venice" for revealing the reason the city was sinking. Additionally
208:
was published following the symposium. "This unusual volume serves to inform both the layman as well as geological and engineering specialists of the causes for and innovative techniques to avoid or mitigate subsidence in action." His work measuring subsidence continues to be built upon today by
187:
in
Montana. The process of compaction is reversible to a point. Water acts as a filler in the space between soil particles. As the water is depleted the soil is compacted from the water loss. In places like the telephone pole photo the process has passed the point of no return. The amount of
146:
Lifelong dedication earned him the title "Mr. Land
Subsidence." He spent his career inspiring colleagues and students while generating awareness to the field. His life's work continues to be referenced and expanded upon. Shortly following his death, the 4th international symposium on land
142:
against the company for the damages caused by the land subsidence. Through his understanding of subsidence, he was able to save millions of dollars by redesigning major infrastructure construction plans to avoid areas with sinking lands thus preventing major damage.
452:
156:
86:. In 1956 he led a survey to investigate aquifer mechanics and the causes of land subsidence in Sacramento, California. He directed the survey until his retirement in 1974 He continued working as a rehired annuitant until 1984.
183:, and some are caused by humans. In the United States, land subsidence from over pumping has affected 45 states and accounts for changes in over 17,000 square miles of land which is an area almost 10 times the size of
925:
821:. James W. Borchers, Association of Engineering Geologists. Sacramento Section, Association of Engineering Geologists. Subsidence Committee. Belmont, Calif.: Star Pub. Co. 1998.
920:
204:. Two weeks after his death the fourth International Symposium on Land Subsidence was held and dedicated to him. Additionally, a book of collective research titled
192:
which are deep wells, ranging from 500 to 3,000 feet. Extensometers record the contraction and expansion of soils at specific depths at regular intervals.
453:"JOE POLAND —"SAVIOR" OF VENICE (ITALY) AND FATHER OF SUBSIDENCE STUDIES IN CALIFORNIA - U.S. Geological Survey Press release | LegiStorm"
910:
905:
950:
94:
His meticulous and innovative research inspired students, earned him awards, and international recognition of his expertise. He received the
78:
in 1940. In 1949 he served as the district geologist. He headed the project to delineate and calculate the storage capacity of
California's
577:
99:
935:
38:
aquifer systems and is the leading cause of land subsidence. He pioneered invaluable research on the subject throughout his career at
826:
381:
118:
930:
915:
900:
39:
895:
818:
Land subsidence case studies and current research : proceedings of the Dr. Joseph F. Poland
Symposium on Land Subsidence
107:
30:. He committed 50 years of his life to understanding and bringing awareness to the issue. Land subsidence results from
184:
206:
Land
Subsidence Case Studies and Current Research; Proceedings of the Dr. Joseph F. Poland Symposium on Land Subsidence
850:
631:
405:
213:
865:"Research finds human impact may cause Sierra Nevada mountains to rise, increase seismicity of San Andreas Fault"
163:
Poland received notoriety by effectively illustrating the effects of land subsidence that began in 1920 in the
95:
31:
792:
35:
201:
83:
342:
945:
940:
688:
514:
263:
135:
59:
168:
63:
864:
767:
742:
62:. In the same year, he returned to the United States to earn his master's degree in geology from
844:
399:
164:
139:
55:
66:
in 1935. From 1931 to 1939 he worked consulting work on ground water and geophysical problems.
832:
822:
724:
706:
480:
387:
377:
281:
225:
159:
Joseph F. Poland standing next to a power pole showing how high the land was in earlier years
714:
696:
559:
549:
522:
271:
221:
27:
58:
in 1929. After graduating he worked as a petroleum geologist until 1931 in
Columbia for
692:
518:
502:
267:
793:"International Symposium Proceedings – UNESCO Land Subsidence International Initiative"
719:
676:
131:
114:
889:
420:
217:
103:
300:"USGS Groundwater Information: Land Subsidence in the U.S. (USGS Fact Sheet 165-00)"
179:
Land subsidence is a global issue and has different causes. Some are natural, like
563:
189:
23:
578:"Pure Water Gazette » Gazette's Famous Water Pictures: California Is Sinking"
677:"Core Concept: Often driven by human activity, subsidence is a problem worldwide"
681:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
171:
on the western side of the San
Joaquin valley, east of I-5, on Panoche Avenue.
276:
251:
180:
122:
710:
657:
602:
285:
836:
701:
391:
54:
Joseph Poland was born in Boston in 1908. He received a geology degree from
728:
299:
155:
816:
376:. Thomas L. Holzer. Boulder, Colo.: Geological Society of America. 1984.
371:
546:
Prepared for the
International Hydrological Programme, Working Group 8.4
481:"History of the Group – UNESCO Land Subsidence International Initiative"
421:"Guidebook to studies of land subsidence due to ground-water withdrawal"
79:
554:
541:
526:
126:
542:"Land subsidence in the San Joaquin Valley, California, as of 1983"
154:
75:
138:
in California. The case was brought by the U.S. Navy and the
216:, subsidence has also been correlated with the rise of the
82:
systems. This work was essential to the creation of the
200:
Poland died on June 4, 1991, of Parkinson's disease in
110:. He founded the Hydrology division of the society.
926:Deaths from Parkinson's disease in California
196:Influence on hydrologic and geologic research
8:
743:"Land Subsidence From Ground-Water Pumping"
22:(1908–1991) was the founding expert in the
632:"Land Subsidence | U.S. Geological Survey"
921:United States Geological Survey personnel
718:
700:
553:
275:
343:"Memorial to Joseph F. Poland 1908-1991"
237:
40:United States Geological Survey (USGS).
842:
397:
811:
809:
626:
624:
134:for land subsidence that occurred in
100:Association of Engineering Geologists
7:
772:Harris Galveston Subsidence District
501:Johnson, A. Ivan (January 1, 1991).
475:
473:
447:
445:
443:
441:
366:
364:
362:
336:
334:
332:
330:
328:
326:
324:
322:
320:
245:
243:
241:
106:of the Hydrogeology Division of the
250:Johnson, A. Ivan (February 1992).
14:
147:subsidence was dedicated to him.
911:20th-century American scientists
906:American expatriates in Colombia
656:Martin, Scott (March 10, 2016).
90:Awards and international acclaim
503:"Joseph F. Poland (1908-1991)"
1:
951:American petroleum geologists
675:Perkins, Sid (May 18, 2021).
256:Hydrological Sciences Journal
252:"Joseph F. Poland, 1908–1991"
220:mountain range and increased
108:Geological Society of America
188:compaction is measured with
34:that leads to compaction of
373:Man-induced land subsidence
967:
936:Stanford University alumni
869:University of Nevada, Reno
540:Joseph F., Poland (1986).
419:Poland, Joseph F. (1984).
113:Organizations such as the
50:Education and early career
277:10.1080/02626669209492564
214:University of Nevada Reno
130:he was called upon as an
96:Claire P. Holdredge Award
582:www.purewatergazette.net
32:over pumping groundwater
702:10.1073/pnas.2107251118
564:2027/mdp.39015037725648
20:Joseph Fairfield Poland
931:Harvard College alumni
916:Land surveying systems
901:Scientists from Boston
849:: CS1 maint: others (
768:"Measuring Subsidence"
404:: CS1 maint: others (
202:Sacramento, California
160:
896:American hydrologists
747:geochange.er.usgs.gov
185:Glacier National Park
158:
84:California Water Plan
74:He began working for
151:Telephone pole photo
136:Wilmington Oil Field
60:Tropical Oil Company
16:American hydrologist
693:2021PNAS..11807251P
687:(20): e2107251118.
566:– via Unesco.
519:1991EOSTr..72..546J
268:1992HydSJ..37...77J
104:O. E. Meinzer Award
64:Stanford University
24:hydrogeologic field
425:unesdoc.unesco.org
341:Johnson, A. Ivan.
165:San Joaquin Valley
161:
140:City of Long Beach
56:Harvard University
555:10.3133/wri854196
527:10.1029/90EO00389
457:www.legistorm.com
226:San Andreas Fault
958:
880:
879:
877:
875:
861:
855:
854:
848:
840:
813:
804:
803:
801:
799:
789:
783:
782:
780:
778:
764:
758:
757:
755:
753:
739:
733:
732:
722:
704:
672:
666:
665:
653:
647:
646:
644:
642:
628:
619:
618:
616:
614:
609:. March 10, 2016
599:
593:
592:
590:
588:
574:
568:
567:
557:
537:
531:
530:
507:EOS Transactions
498:
492:
491:
489:
487:
477:
468:
467:
465:
463:
449:
436:
435:
433:
431:
416:
410:
409:
403:
395:
368:
357:
356:
354:
352:
347:
338:
315:
314:
312:
310:
296:
290:
289:
279:
247:
222:seismic activity
966:
965:
961:
960:
959:
957:
956:
955:
886:
885:
884:
883:
873:
871:
863:
862:
858:
841:
829:
815:
814:
807:
797:
795:
791:
790:
786:
776:
774:
766:
765:
761:
751:
749:
741:
740:
736:
674:
673:
669:
655:
654:
650:
640:
638:
630:
629:
622:
612:
610:
601:
600:
596:
586:
584:
576:
575:
571:
539:
538:
534:
500:
499:
495:
485:
483:
479:
478:
471:
461:
459:
451:
450:
439:
429:
427:
418:
417:
413:
396:
384:
370:
369:
360:
350:
348:
345:
340:
339:
318:
308:
306:
298:
297:
293:
249:
248:
239:
234:
198:
177:
175:Land subsidence
153:
92:
72:
52:
47:
28:land subsidence
17:
12:
11:
5:
964:
962:
954:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
888:
887:
882:
881:
856:
827:
805:
784:
759:
734:
667:
648:
620:
594:
569:
532:
493:
469:
437:
411:
382:
358:
316:
304:water.usgs.gov
291:
236:
235:
233:
230:
197:
194:
176:
173:
152:
149:
132:expert witness
91:
88:
71:
68:
51:
48:
46:
43:
36:unconsolidated
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
963:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
891:
870:
866:
860:
857:
852:
846:
838:
834:
830:
828:0-89863-197-1
824:
820:
819:
812:
810:
806:
794:
788:
785:
773:
769:
763:
760:
748:
744:
738:
735:
730:
726:
721:
716:
712:
708:
703:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
671:
668:
663:
659:
652:
649:
637:
633:
627:
625:
621:
608:
604:
598:
595:
583:
579:
573:
570:
565:
561:
556:
551:
547:
543:
536:
533:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
497:
494:
482:
476:
474:
470:
458:
454:
448:
446:
444:
442:
438:
426:
422:
415:
412:
407:
401:
393:
389:
385:
383:0-8137-4106-8
379:
375:
374:
367:
365:
363:
359:
344:
337:
335:
333:
331:
329:
327:
325:
323:
321:
317:
305:
301:
295:
292:
287:
283:
278:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
246:
244:
242:
238:
231:
229:
227:
223:
219:
218:Sierra Nevada
215:
212:According to
210:
207:
203:
195:
193:
191:
190:extensometers
186:
182:
174:
172:
170:
166:
157:
150:
148:
144:
141:
137:
133:
128:
124:
120:
116:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
89:
87:
85:
81:
77:
69:
67:
65:
61:
57:
49:
44:
42:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
872:. Retrieved
868:
859:
817:
796:. Retrieved
787:
775:. Retrieved
771:
762:
750:. Retrieved
746:
737:
684:
680:
670:
661:
658:"Subsidence"
651:
639:. Retrieved
636:www.usgs.gov
635:
611:. Retrieved
606:
603:"Subsidence"
597:
585:. Retrieved
581:
572:
545:
535:
510:
506:
496:
484:. Retrieved
460:. Retrieved
456:
428:. Retrieved
424:
414:
372:
349:. Retrieved
307:. Retrieved
303:
294:
262:(1): 77–78.
259:
255:
211:
205:
199:
178:
162:
145:
112:
93:
73:
53:
19:
18:
946:1991 deaths
941:1908 births
513:(49): 546.
181:earthquakes
70:USGS career
890:Categories
232:References
123:World Bank
874:March 11,
845:cite book
777:April 17,
752:April 17,
711:0027-8424
641:March 11,
462:March 11,
400:cite book
286:0262-6667
45:Biography
837:38842014
729:33980717
486:April 3,
392:11044773
351:March 3,
102:and the
798:May 10,
720:8157975
689:Bibcode
613:May 10,
587:May 10,
515:Bibcode
430:May 10,
309:May 10,
264:Bibcode
224:of the
169:Mendota
98:of the
80:aquifer
835:
825:
727:
717:
709:
390:
380:
284:
209:USGS.
127:UNESCO
125:, and
346:(PDF)
876:2022
851:link
833:OCLC
823:ISBN
800:2022
779:2022
754:2022
725:PMID
707:ISSN
662:Xyht
643:2022
615:2022
607:xyHt
589:2022
488:2022
464:2022
432:2022
406:link
388:OCLC
378:ISBN
353:2012
311:2022
282:ISSN
76:USGS
715:PMC
697:doi
685:118
560:hdl
550:doi
523:doi
272:doi
119:FAO
26:of
892::
867:.
847:}}
843:{{
831:.
808:^
770:.
745:.
723:.
713:.
705:.
695:.
683:.
679:.
660:.
634:.
623:^
605:.
580:.
558:.
548:.
544:.
521:.
511:72
509:.
505:.
472:^
455:.
440:^
423:.
402:}}
398:{{
386:.
361:^
319:^
302:.
280:.
270:.
260:37
258:.
254:.
240:^
228:.
121:,
117:,
115:UN
878:.
853:)
839:.
802:.
781:.
756:.
731:.
699::
691::
664:.
645:.
617:.
591:.
562::
552::
529:.
525::
517::
490:.
466:.
434:.
408:)
394:.
355:.
313:.
288:.
274::
266::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
