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581:. There was, in addition, a section of early poems, "comprising what I deem to be the best of the work done in my early youth," published for the first time. With this volume "Villa abandoned poetry" (Cowen). Villa, however, went under "self-exile" after the 1960s, even though he was nominated for several major literary awards including the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. This was perhaps because of oppositions between his formalism (literature) formalist style and the advocates of
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of having little faith in
Filipinos' ability to write creatively in English, saying that "poetry in English has no prospects whatsoever in the Philippines—i.e., ... that it cannot be written by Filipino writers. An exception or two may arise after a long period of time, but these writers will remain exceptions. The reason why Filipino writers are at a disadvantage in the writing of English poetry—is that they have no oneness with the English language."
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639:—where the points of color are themselves the medium as well as the technique of statement". This unusual style forces the reader to pause after every word, slowing the pace of the poem and resulting in what Villa calls "a lineal pace of dignity and movement". An example of Villa's "comma poems" can be found in an excerpt of his work
738:, concerning which he said: "Poetry should evoke an emotional response. The poet has a breathlessness in him that he converts into a breathlessness of words, which in turn becomes the breathlessness of the reader. This is the sign of a true poet. All other verse, without this appeal, is just verse."
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Villa was born on August 5, 1908, in Manila's
Singalong district. His parents were Simeón Villa (a personal physician of Emilio Aguinaldo) and Guia Garcia (a wealthy landowner). He graduated from the University of the Philippines Integrated School and the University of the Philippines High School in
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reveals that Villa's concern for "ultimate things, the self and the universe. He is also on visiting terms with the world. He is more interested in himself than in the universe, and he greets the world with but a decent urbanity." Although she viewed Villa's range as somewhat narrow, he "soars high
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described Villa as "the one
Filipino writer today who it would be futile to deride and impossible to ignore ... the pace-setter for an entire generation of young writers, the mentor laying down the law for the whole tribe, the patron-saint of a cult of rebellious moderns." However, Villa was accused
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Villa worked as an associate editor for New
Directions Publishing in New York City from 1949 to 1951, and then became director of poetry workshop at City College of New York from 1952 to 1960. He then left the literary scene and concentrated on teaching, first lecturing in The New School for Social
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On
February 5, 1997, at the age of 88, José was found unconscious in his New York apartment and was rushed to St. Vincent Hospital in the Greenwich Village area. His death two days later, February 7, was attributed to "cerebral stroke and multilobar pneumonia". He was buried on February 10 in St.
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1925. Villa enrolled on a Pre-Medical course in the
University of the Philippines, but then switched to Pre-Law course. However, he realized that his true passion was in the arts. Villa first tried painting, but then turned into creative writing after reading Winesburg, Ohio by Sherwood Anderson.
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In 1946 Villa married
Rosemarie Lamb, with whom he had two sons, Randall and Lance. They annulled their marriage ten years later. He also had three grandchildren, Jordan Villa, Sara Villa Stokes and Travis Villa. Villa was especially close to his nieces, Ruby Precilla, Milagros Villanueva, Maria
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wrote, "For at least two years the name of José Garcia Villa has been familiar to the devotees of the experimental short story... They knew, too, that he was an extremely youthful
Filipino who had somehow acquired the ability to write a remarkable English prose and who had come to America as a
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that the technique of putting commas after every word "is as demonstrably malfunctional as a dragging foot". Ten years later, Casper continued to criticize Villa because he "still uses the 'commas' with inadequate understanding and skill". On the other hand, Sitwell wrote in
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Research from 1964 to 1973, as well as conducting poetry workshops in his apartment. Villa was also a cultural attaché to the
Philippine Mission to the United Nations from 1952 to 1963, and an adviser on cultural affairs to the President of the Philippines beginning 1968.
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in 1942, he introduced a new rhyming scheme called "reversed consonance" wherein, according to Villa: "The last sounded consonants of the last syllable, or the last principal consonant of a word, are reversed for the corresponding rhyme. Thus, a rhyme for
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in 1943. Villa also won first prize in the Poetry
Category of UP Golden Jubilee Literary Contests in 1958, as well as the Pro Patria Award for literature in 1961, and the Heritage Award for poetry and short stories a year later. He was conferred with a
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throughout much of the 20th century, although he had lived most of his life in the United States. His writing style, as well as his personality and staunch opinions on writing, has often made him considered as an eccentric. Francia explained in
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in 1929, an anthology of Filipino short stories written in English that were mostly published in the literary magazine Philippine Free Press for that year. It is the second anthology to have been published in the Philippines, after
468:, he wrote: "The commas are an integral and essential part of the medium: regulating the poem's verbal density and time movement: enabling each word to attain a fuller tonal value, and the line movement to become more measured."
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published in 2000, which featured over 1,600 poems written by hundreds of poets in different languages and culture within a span of 40 centuries dating from the development of early writing in ancient
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magazine, "In a world of English-language poetry dominated by British and Americans, Villa stood out for the ascetic brilliance of his poetry and for his national origin." Fellow Filipino writer
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magazine that the comma poem "springs with a wild force, straight from the poet's being, from his blood, from his spirit, as a fire breaks from wood, or as a flower grows from its soil".
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Despite his success in the United States, Villa was largely dismissed in mainstream American literature and has been criticized by Asian American scholars for not being "ethnic" enough.
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that "prose can be a laboratory for metrics", he tried to make the adapted words his own. His opinion on what makes a good poetry was in contrast to the progressive style of
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student in the summer of 1930." This comment brought out two opposing impressions of him: as a literary genius, and merely as a writer of English as a second language.
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501:, Penguin Classics’ reissue of Villa's poems edited by John Edwin Cowen, there were readings of his poems by Cowen, by book introducer Luis H. Francia, and by scholar
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found too bold and was even fined for obscenity by the Manila Court of First Instance. In that same year, Villa won Best Story of the Year from
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Critics were divided about Villa's "comma poems". On one side, they were irritated by them, calling them "gimmicky". Leonard Casper wrote in
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to Villa—hailed the poet as "one of a half-dozen American short-story writers who count". Meanwhile, in reaction to Villa's poems,
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Villa also created verses out of already-published proses and forming what he liked to call "Collages". This excerpt from his poem
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by editor Paz Márquez-Benítez in 1927. His first collection of short stories that he had written were published under the title
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745:, lest their poems become "contaminated by narrative elements", insisting that real poetry is "written with words, not ideas".
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In 1949, Villa presented a poetic style he called "comma poems", wherein commas are placed after every word. In the preface of
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in 1933, Villa switched from writing prose to poetry, and published only a handful of works until 1942. During the release of
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604:(a collection of Villa's poems for young readers, with Tagalog language Tagalog translation provided by Larry Francia), and
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interviewed Cowen and Francia on the "Pope of Greenwich Village's" life and work, followed by the Asia Pacific Forum show.
441:. Villa had gradually caught the attention of the country's literary circles, one of the few Asians to do so at that time.
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in Manila on 1959 (and later by University of the Philippines), and the National Artist Award for Literature in 1973.
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437:, a mimeograph literary magazine. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree, and pursued post-graduate work at
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381:"), based on the characters he derived from his own works. These animals were also explored by another poet,
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that it is "...So natural yet in its daring so weird, a poet rich and surprising, and not to be ignored".
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During the United States' Formalist period in literature, American writers admired Villa's work.
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Villa's art poetic style was considered too aggressive at that time. In 1929 he submitted
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2010:
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1143:"Filipino American History Month: Jose Garcia Villa - English | Colorado State University"
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title for literature in 1973, as well as the Guggenheim Fellowship in creative writing by
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On August 5 and 6, 2008, Villa's centennial celebration began with a poem reading at the
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1,000 prize for "outstanding work in American literature", as well as a fellowship from
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that was edited by Eileen Tabios with a foreword provided by Hagedorn (both in 1999).
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He enrolled at the University of New Mexico, wherein he was one of the founders of
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He also advised his students who aspire to become poets not to read any form of
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1282:"Jose Garcia Villa: Filipino writers, their lives, their work (PinoyLit)"
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in which he retained "only those poems that I can still care about" from
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1300:"The Penguin Classic Book Centennial Celebration of José Garcia Villa's
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Poems in praise of love : the best love poems of Jose Garcia Villa.
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by Pacita Habana and other professors from Far Eastern University, and
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345:, literary critic, short story writer, and painter. He was awarded the
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Villa described his use of commas after every word as similar to "
385:, in "Doveglion, Adventures in Value", a poem dedicated to Villa.
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by American writer Conrad Aiken, wherein he was also awarded a
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1310:. A/P/A Studies Program & Institute at NYU. Archived from
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World Poetry: An Anthology of Verse from Antiquity to Our Time
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977:. He was also bestowed an Academy Award for Literature from
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Villa was considered as a powerful literary influence in the
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Several reprints of Villa's past works were done, including
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The Doveglion Book of Philippine Poetry in English from 1910
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National Commission for Culture and the Arts, Philippines.
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The Anchored Angel: Select Writings by José Garcia Villa
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Philippine Short Stories: Best 25 Short Stories of 1928
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Philippine Short Stories: Best 25 Short Stories of 1928
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Footnote to Youth: Tales of the Philippines and Others
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wrote, "and i am alive to see a man against the sky".
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Footnote to Youth: Tales of the Philippines and Others
1422:"José Garcia Villa's take on Phil. poetry in English"
1264:"About José Garcia Villa | Academy of American Poets"
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magazine supplement, which the administrators in the
1586:'I Revolve a Skull that Knows: On José García Villa'
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1092:, Manila: Ateneo de Manila University Press. 2002.
993:He was one of three Filipinos, along with novelist
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2801:PEN Oakland/Josephine Miles Literary Award winners
561:). Three years later, he released a follow-up for
2609:1967: United Poets Laureate International (UPLI)
1090:The Critical Villa: Essays in Literary Criticism
137: and the surname or paternal family name is
1102:(J. E. Cowen, Ed. & L. H. Francia, Intro.)
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606:The Anchored Angel: Selected Writings by Villa
2796:English-language writers from the Philippines
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1124:List of Filipino Nobel laureates and nominees
623:) which is basically a blank sheet of paper.
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2250:National Commission for Culture and the Arts
1165:National Commission for Culture and the Arts
1064:A.S. Florentino: National Book Store, 1973,
817:that she experienced "a shock" upon reading
549:in 1941. Other collections of poems include
290:Order of National Artists of the Philippines
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1491:The American Academy of Arts and Letters.
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545:, his first collection poems, followed by
338:(August 5, 1908 – February 7, 1997) was a
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1420:FilipinoWriter.com (September 22, 2005).
1044:only owns two of his poetry collections,
967:Guggenheim Fellowship in Creative Writing
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1645:Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ng Pilipinas
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979:The American Academy of Arts and Letters
541:in 1933; while in 1939, Villa published
2786:Filipino emigrants to the United States
1441:The New York Times (February 8, 1997).
1334:"Villa, José Garcia | Encyclopedia.com"
1134:
615:, an example of his "comma poems", and
481:John's Cemetery in New York, wearing a
1517:Nomination archive – Jose Garcia Villa
1443:"Obituary notice of José Garcia Villa"
1036:. Though nominated for the prize, the
883:(The Philippine Writers' League, 1941)
2297:Filipino Nobel laureates and nominees
1207:
1205:
1203:
1161:"National Artist - Jose Garcia Villa"
1076:The Anchored Angel: Selected Writings
915:Appassionata: Poems in Praise of Love
598:Appassionata: Poems in Praise of Love
7:
2791:American writers of Filipino descent
2771:University of the Philippines alumni
528:As an editor, Villa first published
47:adding citations to reliable sources
2756:National Artists of the Philippines
1636:National Artists of the Philippines
1559:"Svenska Akademiens Nobelbibliotek"
1362:ANCHORED ANGEL by José Garcia Villa
1358:Jean Vengua Gier (September 2001).
986:doctorate degree for literature by
839:Best American Short Stories of 1932
813:revealed in the preface of Villa's
520:Luisa Cohen, and Maria Villanueva.
303:UP Golden Jubilee Literary Contests
2255:Cultural Center of the Philippines
1034:Art Association of the Philippines
722:Taken out of the little container,
718:Stillness. Like a plant that is to
347:National Artist of the Philippines
14:
1028:, he was nominated once again by
850:New Writings from the Philippines
2497:
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1106:London: Penguin Classics. 2008.
889:(Viking Press, 1942); finalist,
809:and plunges deep". British poet
613:When I Was No Bigger Than A Huge
320:
284:
154:
23:
1214:"Jose Garcia Villa (1908-1997)"
954:A Celebration for Edith Sitwell
930:(Charles Scribner's Sons, 1933)
489:New York Centennial Celebration
411:, a series of erotic poems, in
34:needs additional citations for
1018:1971 Nobel Prize in Literature
943:(Philippines Free Press, 1929)
837:—who dedicated his collection
635:'s architectonic and measured
361:, which made him known as the
1:
877:(Philippine Book Guild, 1939)
703:Carried. A stillness in which
694:Was conscious of one while it
692:Stand. Now it carried one and
417:University of the Philippines
1262:Poets, Academy of American.
1493:"Academy Awards recipients"
1183:"Jose Garcia Villa profile"
1104:Doveglion: Collected Poems.
829:." In his introduction to
647:In, my, undream, of, death,
300:YFC Fellowship/ Campus kuya
297:LNNCHS Award for Literature
2822:
2776:People from Malate, Manila
1302:Doveglion: Collected Poems
1052:, used for deliberations.
905:(McDowell Obolensky, 1958)
716:Stillness of that greatest
660:Since, nobody, had, dared,
611:His popular poems include
557:(1949; the year he edited
499:Doveglion: Collected Poems
459:run; or rain, green, reign
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1078:. New York: Kaya. 1999.
1016:He was nominated for the
891:Pulitzer Prize for Poetry
690:A life on which one could
444:After the publication of
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153:
911:(A. S. Florentino, 1962)
730:While Villa agreed with
617:The Emperor's New Sonnet
602:A Parliament of Giraffes
495:Jefferson Market Library
365:. He used the pen name
268:The Emperor's New Sonnet
2225:Federico Aguilar Alcuaz
2118:Amelia Lapeña-Bonifacio
1778:Film and Broadcast Arts
1678:Ildefonso P. Santos Jr.
1563:lib.nobelbiblioteket.se
732:William Carlos Williams
720:Become a tree, so was I
571:Selected Poems and New,
569:In 1958 he brought out
535:Philippine Love Stories
2806:The Philippines Herald
2023:Felipe Padilla de León
1286:pinoylit.webmanila.com
1046:Selected Poems and New
988:Far Eastern University
956:(New Directions, 1948)
917:(King and Cowen, 1979)
903:Selected Poems and New
899:(New Directions, 1949)
815:Selected Poems and New
792:Selected Poems and New
728:
726:Carefully, while earth
714:Had become identical -
668:
662:With, my, own, breath,
658:I, unspoke, the, Word.
589:, which was edited by
583:proletarian literature
423:Philippines Free Press
413:The Philippines Herald
2682:Victoria Tauli-Corpuz
2088:Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero
2065:Fides Cuyugan-Asensio
1999:Antonino Buenaventura
1855:Historical Literature
1769:Salvacion Lim Higgins
1590:Cordite Poetry Review
790:wrote in reaction to
327:Literature portal
294:Tubod National Artist
2725:1929: Otto Schöbl /
2514:by first nominations
1786:Lamberto V. Avellana
1338:www.encyclopedia.com
1030:Purita Kalaw Ledesma
975:Bollingen Foundation
965:Villa was granted a
666:I, broke, the, cord!
587:Charlie Chan Is Dead
567:The Essential Villa.
497:. For the launch of
43:improve this article
2781:Writers from Manila
2195:J. Navarro Elizalde
2153:Guillermo Tolentino
2053:Francisco Feliciano
2035:Ernani Joson Cuenco
1928:Virgilio S. Almario
1904:Francisco Arcellana
1716:Francisca R. Aquino
1684:José María Zaragoza
1537:svenskaakademien.se
1530:"Nobelarkivet-1973"
1401:"José García Villa"
1243:"Jose Garcia Villa"
855:The American Genius
711:Reality and miracle
508:Leonard Lopate Show
439:Columbia University
58:"José García Villa"
2183:Hernando R. Ocampo
1952:Cirilo F. Bautista
1940:Bienvenido Lumbera
1880:Amado V. Hernandez
1840:Marilou Diaz-Abaya
1447:The New York Times
1314:on 16 January 2014
1308:NYU-APAStudies.org
1212:Alindahaw Poetry.
887:Have Come, Am Here
881:Poems by Doveglion
869:Poetry collections
833:, American writer
819:Have Come, Am Here
806:Have Come, Am Here
779:The New York Times
749:Critical reception
686:And then suddenly,
678:Rainer Maria Rilke
621:Have Come, Am Here
575:Have Come, Am Here
563:The Portable Villa
551:Have Come, Am Here
547:Poems by Doveglion
450:Have Come, Am Here
264:The Anchored Angel
183:Philippine Islands
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2231:Francisco Coching
2213:Benedicto Cabrera
2171:Vicente Manansala
2141:Fernando Amorsolo
2041:Andrea Veneracion
1910:N. V. M. Gonzalez
1886:José Garcia Villa
1598:Footnote to Youth
1074:(E. Tabios, Ed.)
1032:, founder of the
961:Awards and honors
835:Edward J. O'Brien
831:Footnote to Youth
774:Footnote to Youth
766:Salvador P. López
674:was adapted from
446:Footnote to Youth
336:José García Villa
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272:Footnote to Youth
246:Literary movement
148:José García Villa
129:or maternal
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2605:Carlos P. Romulo
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2147:Botong Francisco
2106:Severino Montano
2082:Atang de la Rama
2005:Lucrecia Kasilag
1964:Resil B. Mojares
1946:Lazaro Francisco
1898:Carlos P. Romulo
1816:Fernando Poe Jr.
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1690:Francisco Mañosa
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1216:. Archived from
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1185:. Archived from
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1056:Works in English
827:post-colonialism
801:The New Republic
591:Jessica Hagedorn
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306:Pro Patria Award
288:
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192:February 7, 1997
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2638:Antonio Fortich
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1934:Alejandro Roces
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1792:Gerardo de León
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1580:Further reading
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1022:Alejandro Roces
997:and translator
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1519:nobelprize.org
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483:barong tagalog
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383:E. E. Cummings
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309:Heritage Award
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2189:Arturo R. Luz
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2059:Ryan Cayabyab
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1666:Pablo Antonio
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1499:on 2007-10-09
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1471:
1468:"Synopsis of
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1434:
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1395:
1393:
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1370:on 2008-03-05
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1363:
1360:"A review on
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843:e.e. cummings
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811:Edith Sitwell
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260:Notable works
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60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
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44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
16:Filipino Poet
2703:
2581:
2552:
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2416:
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2349:
2326:
2237:Larry Alcala
2207:José T. Joya
2047:Ramon Santos
2017:Levi Celerio
1916:Edith Tiempo
1892:Nick Joaquin
1822:Manuel Conde
1810:Eddie Romero
1763:Ramón Valera
1746:Agnes Locsin
1734:Ramon Obusan
1722:Leonor Orosa
1652:Architecture
1644:
1600:on Lit React
1597:
1596:Analysis of
1589:
1566:. Retrieved
1562:
1553:
1541:. Retrieved
1539:. April 2020
1536:
1524:
1512:
1501:. Retrieved
1497:the original
1486:
1475:. Retrieved
1469:
1461:
1450:. Retrieved
1446:
1436:
1425:. Retrieved
1415:
1404:. Retrieved
1372:. Retrieved
1368:the original
1361:
1337:
1328:
1316:. Retrieved
1312:the original
1307:
1301:
1294:
1285:
1276:
1267:
1257:
1246:. Retrieved
1222:. Retrieved
1218:the original
1191:. Retrieved
1187:the original
1164:
1155:
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1137:
1103:
1089:
1075:
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1049:
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999:Nick Joaquin
992:
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864:Publications
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736:Walt Whitman
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505:. Then, the
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194:(1997-02-07)
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2766:1997 deaths
2761:1908 births
2676:Maria Ressa
2654:Shay Cullen
2648:Nur Misuari
2576:Amado Yuzon
2457:Expatriates
2395:Maria Ressa
2133:Visual Arts
2124:Tony Mabesa
2029:José Maceda
1970:Gémino Abad
1846:Ricardo Lee
1798:Lino Brocka
1740:Alice Reyes
1660:Juan Nakpil
1543:11 November
1241:Pinoy Lit.
935:Anthologies
875:Many Voices
755:Philippines
676:Letters of
637:pointillism
619:(a part of
553:(1942) and
543:Many Voices
131:family name
127:middle name
2750:Categories
2718:Physiology
2567:Literature
2431:Physiology
2364:Literature
2201:Ang Kiukok
1872:Literature
1834:Nora Aunor
1503:2008-02-26
1477:2008-02-26
1452:2008-02-26
1427:2008-02-26
1406:2008-02-26
1374:2008-02-26
1248:2008-02-25
1224:2008-02-25
1193:2008-02-25
1130:References
995:José Rizal
897:Volume Two
825:and early
680:, volume 1
579:Volume Two
555:Volume Two
503:Tina Chang
466:Volume Two
428:Mir-I-Nisa
394:Early life
363:Comma Poet
254:Surrealism
218:Occupation
172:1908-08-05
69:newspapers
2544:Economics
2522:Chemistry
2466:Chemistry
2341:Economics
2319:Chemistry
2304:Laureates
1318:31 August
1268:poets.org
823:Modernism
798:wrote in
600:in 1979,
565:entitled
457:would be
409:Man Songs
389:Biography
367:Doveglion
250:Modernism
213:Doveglion
2507:Nominees
2311:Citizens
1118:See also
1050:Poems 55
948:Editions
909:Poems 55
761:Asiaweek
340:Filipino
238:Language
230:lecturer
210:Pen name
203:New York
121:In this
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2409:Physics
2074:Theatre
1147:English
1070:4194141
1040:of the
743:fiction
241:English
83:scholar
2680:2023:
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2473:2010:
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1568:1 July
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893:(1943)
633:Seurat
359:commas
355:poetry
227:critic
205:, U.S.
179:Manila
135:García
125:, the
85:
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2596:Peace
2386:Peace
2235:2018
2229:2014
2223:2009
2217:2006
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2205:2003
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2193:1999
2187:1997
2181:1991
2175:1990
2169:1981
2163:1976
2157:1976
2151:1973
2145:1973
2139:1972
2122:2022
2116:2018
2110:2003
2104:2001
2098:1999
2092:1997
2086:1997
2080:1987
2063:2022
2057:2018
2051:2014
2045:2014
2039:1999
2033:1999
2027:1997
2021:1997
2015:1997
2009:1991
2003:1988
1997:1988
1991:1976
1985:1973
1979:Music
1968:2022
1962:2018
1956:2018
1950:2014
1944:2009
1938:2006
1932:2003
1926:2003
1920:2001
1914:1999
1908:1997
1902:1990
1896:1982
1890:1976
1884:1973
1878:1973
1861:1997
1844:2022
1838:2022
1832:2022
1826:2018
1820:2009
1814:2006
1808:2003
1802:2001
1796:1997
1790:1982
1784:1976
1767:2022
1761:2006
1744:2022
1738:2014
1732:2006
1726:1988
1720:1976
1714:1973
1708:Dance
1688:2018
1682:2014
1676:2006
1670:1990
1664:1976
1658:1973
1533:(PDF)
1011:Egypt
1007:Sumer
804:that
524:Works
476:Death
375:Eagle
139:Villa
90:JSTOR
76:books
2704:none
2553:none
2530:none
2439:none
2417:none
2372:none
2350:none
2327:none
1592:2014
1570:2024
1545:2020
1320:2014
1108:ISBN
1094:ISBN
1080:ISBN
1066:OCLC
1048:and
1026:1973
1009:and
672:#205
641:#114
577:and
455:near
435:Clay
421:The
379:Lion
371:Dove
343:poet
224:Poet
189:Died
166:Born
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461:."
133:is
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