195:(ILGWU) in 1900. All three organizations were recognized by the AFL, causing significant tensions over jurisdiction. These clashes resulted largely in victory for the UGWA and diminished importance for the JTU, with the UGWA gaining jurisdiction over all non-custom-made clothing manufacture, with the JTU being limited to custom tailoring establishments, despite the wishes of its then-secretary, John Brown Lennon. In 1897, the JTU also lost jurisdiction over special-order custom tailoring to the UGWA and Custom Clothing Makers' Union or Special Order Clothing Makers' Union, whose AFL charter was denied.
224:, the president of the AFL and a personal friend of John Brown Lennon, who accused the JTU/TIUI of violating AFL bylaws by changing its name without permission. By the early 1910s, the union was divided into three factions: "old party" (conservative craft unionists), "progressives" (industrial unionists), and "liberals", the latter of which advocated reform but retention of the trade union model. This was similar to other garment workers unions, which saw surging support for socialist and industrial unionist positions and within the UGWA, an embrace of
243:(ACWA) in preparation for a merger with the Hillman faction. Also passed was a motion barring members from belonging in two unions of the same trade, a gambit to force the Hillman faction into the JTU/TIUI/ACWA camp. The merger was defeated by vote and further propositions returned the name to "Journeyman Tailors' Union of America", a move which led to congratulations from the leadership of the AFL.
378:
145:(ordinary sewing of clothes made ready to wear). Regardless, there was little to no significant and unified tailors' union or movement before the 1880s. By then, shop tailors had begun to build more sophisticated organizations, which were then joined by custom tailors, a move which was vocally supported by
203:
After 1900, successive and nearly annual attempts to reform the organization, to extend its jurisdiction, and in 1905 to merge with the UGWA and form a
Garment Workers' and Tailors' International Union, all failed by membership vote. At its convention in Buffalo in 1909, the JTU recognized the rise
211:
With Lennon's attempts to amalgamate the organization with the UGWA and ILGWU failed and Eugene Brais elected as secretary, the direction of the organization changed drastically, with the rising socialist wing taking de facto control and renaming the organization to the
International Tailors'
204:
in custom factory tailoring at the expense of old-style merchant tailoring, and as a result it claimed jurisdiction over all custom tailoring, which was ineffectually enforced and never fully backed by the AFL. As a result, the JTU began to engage in "
186:
After 1889, the TPUA had declined in importance and attempts were made by shop tailors to join the JTU, which were rebuffed. In response, some shop tailors and other ready-made clothing workers started the
415:
420:
410:
309:
192:
228:
politics. This reflected broad trends at the time which were exemplified by the rise of purely industrial unionist and anti-capitalist organizations such as the
440:
430:
425:
240:
28:
247:
359:
Trade Union
Publications: The Official Journals, Convention Proceedings, and Constitutions of International Unions and Federations, 1850-1941
239:
split from the organization and joined the JTU/TIUI instead, which by
December had passed a motion proposing to rename the organization the
153:
of custom tailors on shop tailors and vice versa during strikes, which could only be prevented by a more unified form of organization.
188:
229:
130:
166:
By 1887, the
Tailors' Progressive Union had adopted a union label to be affixed to clothing, which was recognized by the
167:
92:
330:
170:(AFL). The JTU followed with its own union label in 1891. The TPUA was considerably more integrated into the
383:
435:
159:
became general secretary in 1886, a position he would hold until losing it to the
Canadian socialist
213:
138:
160:
82:
142:
263:
156:
146:
78:
149:, the future general secretary of the Journeymen Tailors' Union. A critical concern was the
134:
171:
236:
225:
221:
217:
178:
and saw a common cause with other workers more than the journeymen custom tailors did.
404:
303:
109:
58:
391:
246:
During the 1910s, many laundry workers and dyers also left the union, forming the
208:" by attempting to organize workers claimed under the jurisdiction of the UGWA.
105:
373:
205:
175:
250:. By 1926, the union had 9,200 members. In 1935, it merged into the ACWA.
150:
377:
305:
The
Journeymen Tailors' Union of America: A Study in Trade Union Policy
174:, being composed mostly of shop tailors, many of whom were outspoken
113:
62:
133:(TPUA) in the mid-1800s, as well as assemblies organized by the
141:(specializing in work done to order, usually higher-grade) and
212:
Industrial Union (TIUI), articulating their preference for
338:. Washington DC: United States Department of Labor. 1926
357:
Reynolds, Lloyd G.; Killingsworth, Charles C. (1944).
235:
In 1914, a faction of disaffected UGWA members led by
88:
72:
50:
42:
34:
24:
416:History of labor relations in the United States
129:Forerunners to the organization included the
8:
19:
193:International Ladies' Garment Workers Union
18:
421:Defunct trade unions in the United States
297:
295:
293:
291:
137:. Very important was the tension between
411:American Federation of Labor affiliates
287:
241:Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America
29:Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America
16:Former trade union of the United States
7:
248:Laundry Workers' International Union
131:Tailors Progressive Union of America
441:Trade unions disestablished in 1935
14:
396:, the JTU's official publication.
361:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
332:Handbook of American Trade Unions
189:United Garment Workers of America
376:
302:Stowell, Charles Jacob (1918).
230:Industrial Workers of the World
431:Clothing industry trade unions
426:Defunct trade unions in Canada
310:University of Illinois, Urbana
112:, with some local branches in
102:Journeymen Tailors Union (JTU)
38:Before 1871, re-organized 1883
1:
168:American Federation of Labor
93:American Federation of Labor
457:
274:1927: Gustaf P. Soderberg
20:Journeymen Tailors Union
384:Organized labour portal
220:and putting it at odds
191:(UGWA) in 1891 and the
277:1933: William Reznicek
259:1885: Joseph Wilkinson
268:1910: Eugene J. Brais
271:1915: Thomas Sweeney
392:Archival copies of
254:General secretaries
214:industrial unionism
21:
264:John Brown Lennon
157:John Brown Lennon
147:John Brown Lennon
98:
97:
79:John Brown Lennon
448:
386:
381:
380:
363:
362:
354:
348:
347:
345:
343:
337:
327:
321:
320:
318:
316:
299:
135:Knights of Labor
65:
25:Merged into
22:
456:
455:
451:
450:
449:
447:
446:
445:
401:
400:
382:
375:
372:
367:
366:
356:
355:
351:
341:
339:
335:
329:
328:
324:
314:
312:
301:
300:
289:
284:
256:
201:
184:
172:labour movement
127:
122:
75:
68:
57:
17:
12:
11:
5:
454:
452:
444:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
403:
402:
399:
398:
388:
387:
371:
370:External links
368:
365:
364:
349:
322:
286:
285:
283:
280:
279:
278:
275:
272:
269:
266:
260:
255:
252:
237:Sidney Hillman
226:class struggle
222:Samuel Gompers
218:craft unionism
200:
197:
183:
180:
139:custom tailors
126:
123:
121:
118:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
76:
73:
70:
69:
67:
66:
54:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
36:
32:
31:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
453:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
408:
406:
397:
395:
390:
389:
385:
379:
374:
369:
360:
353:
350:
334:
333:
326:
323:
311:
307:
306:
298:
296:
294:
292:
288:
281:
276:
273:
270:
267:
265:
261:
258:
257:
253:
251:
249:
244:
242:
238:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
209:
207:
198:
196:
194:
190:
181:
179:
177:
173:
169:
164:
162:
158:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
124:
119:
117:
115:
111:
110:United States
107:
103:
94:
91:
87:
84:
80:
77:
71:
64:
60:
59:United States
56:
55:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
30:
27:
23:
436:Craft unions
393:
358:
352:
340:. Retrieved
331:
325:
313:. Retrieved
304:
245:
234:
210:
202:
185:
165:
161:Eugene Brais
155:
143:shop tailors
128:
101:
99:
89:Affiliations
83:Eugene Brais
125:Before 1890
106:trade union
405:Categories
394:The Tailor
282:References
199:After 1900
176:socialists
74:Key people
163:in 1910.
43:Dissolved
342:24 April
151:scabbing
51:Location
206:raiding
120:History
108:in the
35:Founded
262:1887:
114:Canada
104:was a
63:Canada
336:(PDF)
315:6 May
216:over
182:1890s
344:2022
317:2016
100:The
46:1935
407::
308:.
290:^
232:.
116:.
81:,
61:,
346:.
319:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.